LADY WILLINGDON INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDY IN EDUCATION [AUTONOMOUS] CHENNAI-600005

2021-2022 NAME

: SHOBA.S

CLASS : B.ED Ⅰ YEAR BATCH : Ⅳ REG NO

: 2021BED543

DEPARTMENT : MATHEMATICS

MICROSOFT EXCEL

CONTENT INTRODUCTION

1

THE EXCEL INTERFACE

2

HOME TAB

4

FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS

5

SORTING AND FILLING

10

CHARTS

14

QUICL ACCESS TOOLBAR

15

USES OF MS EXCEL

16

ADVANTAGES

17

CONCLUSION

18

REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION Microsoft Excel is a helpful and powerful program for data analysis and documentation. It is a spreadsheet program, which contains a number of columns and rows, where each intersection of a column and a row is a “cell.” Each cell contains one point of data or one piece of information. By organizing the information in this way, you can make information easier to find, and automatically draw information from changing data. Excel is very beneficial for students. Students can learn by using excel how to convert raw data into meaningful information. They will learn by doing exercises in Excel how to perform calculation faster. They will understand by using Excel how data can be visualized. They will learn how to do financial planning. Students can learn why data and information are important to filters. They will learn in Excel why how to track goal progressions, how salaries are calculated etc. are essential things they will face and use in future but if they are practicing on such things using Microsoft Excel earlier in their career, it will be easy for them in the future to handle a large amount of data and information easily and accurately.

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THE EXCEL INTERFACE File Tab & Ribbon In Excel 2010, the Office button

has been replaced by a modification

of the familiar File menu . Click to reveal the New, Open, Save, Print and Close options. If you are upgrading to 2010 from 2007, not much of the interface has changed.

However, if you are upgrading from an older version of Excel, you may be unfamiliar with the new interface, which will be explained in the sections below. Seven tabs are displayed across the top-left of the window. When you select a tab, a number of options will be displayed as buttons with text labels and picture icons for easy identification. The tabs and their options are known as the Ribbon. The options are organized under the tabs in groups of related features. You can expand the groups by clicking the arrow in the right of the group box.

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Command Overview for Each Tab of the Ribbon Tab Name

File

Description of Commands Also known as the Backstage view of the Excel workbook. Contains all commands for opening, closing, saving, and creating new Excel workbooks. Includes print commands, document properties, e-mailing options, and help features. The default settings and options are also found in this tab.

Home

Contains the most frequently used Excel commands. Formatting commands are found in this tab along with commands for cutting, copying, pasting, and for inserting and deleting rows and columns.

Insert

Used to insert objects such as charts, pictures, shapes, PivotTables, Internet links, symbols, or text boxes.

Page Layout

Contains commands used to prepare a worksheet for printing. Also includes commands used to show and print the gridlines on a worksheet.

Formulas

Includes commands for adding mathematical functions to a worksheet. Also contains tools for auditing mathematical formulas.

Data

Used when working with external data sources such as Microsoft® Access®, text files, or the Internet. Also contains sorting commands and access to scenario tools.

Review

Includes Spelling and Track Changes features. Also contains protection features to password protect worksheets or workbooks.

View

Used to adjust the visual appearance of a workbook. Common commands include the Zoom and Page Layout view.

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HOME TAB The Home tab contains the most common text editing tools used in Excel.

Shortcut Menu The most common Excel commands and functions can be accessed quickly by using the shortcut menu. To access this feature, simply rightclick the element you wish to edit if you are using a PC, or control-click the element you wish to edit if you are using a Mac. The options displayed will vary depending on the element you have selected.

Spreadsheet Basics Each Excel file is a workbook that can hold many worksheets. The worksheet is a grid of columns (designated by letters) and rows (designated by numbers). The letters of the columns are indicated in the blue buttons across the top of the worksheet. The numbers of the rows are indicated in the blue buttons down the left of the worksheet. The intersection of a column and a row is called a cell. You can input your data into the cells. Cells can contain text, numbers, or formulas for automatic calculations. Each cell on the spreadsheet has a cell address that is the column letter followed by the row number.

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Formula bar This will be one of the most useful tools as you use Excel. The formula bar allows you to see all the details and methods used to return what is seen in a cell. Whenever you input any information into a cell, the output, or end result is what is shown once you move away from the cell. This is most prominent when using functions, as you do not see the whole equation in the cell in the worksheet, only the result. The formula bar is located below the ribbon and spans most of the window.

FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS An important feature of the Excel spreadsheet program is that it allows you to create formulas that will automatically calculate results. Without formulas, a spreadsheet is not much more than a large table for displaying text.

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Formulas A formula is an equation that makes calculations based on the data in your spreadsheet. Formulas are entered into a cell in your worksheet. They must begin with an equal sign, followed by the addresses of the cells that will be calculated upon, with an appropriate operand placed in between. Once the formula is typed into the cell, the calculation executes immediately. The formula appears in the formula bar. In the example below, a formula has been created for calculating the subtotal of a number of textbooks. This formula multiplies the quantity and price of each textbook, and then adds the totals to give the combined cost of all books.

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Relative, Absolute, and Mixed Referencing Relative referencing is the practice of calling cells by just their column and row labels (such as “A1”). When a formula contains relative referencing and it is copied from one cell to another, Excel does not create an exact copy of the formula. It will change cell addresses relative to the row and column they are moved to. For example, if a simple addition formula in cell C1 “=(A1+B1)” is copied to cell C2, the formula would change to “=(A2+B2)” to reflect the new row. To prevent this from happening, cells must be called by absolute referencing. This is accomplished by placing dollar signs “$” within the cell addresses in the formula. Continuing the previous example, if the formula in cell C1 reads “=($A$1+$B$1)”, the value of cell C2 will be the sum of cells A1 and B1. Both the column and row of both cells are absolute and will not change when copied. Mixed referencing can also be used where the row OR column is fixed, but not both. For example, in the formula “=(A$1+$B2)”, the row of cell A1 is fixed and the column of cell B2 is fixed.

Basic Functions Functions can be a more efficient way of performing mathematical operations than formulas. For example, if you wanted to add the values of cells D1 through D10, you would type the formula “=D1+D2+D3+D4+D5+D6+D7+D8+D9+D10”. A shorter way would be to use the SUM function and simply type “=SUM(D1:D10)”. Several other function commands and examples of functions are given in the table below:

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Function

Example

Description

SUM

=SUM(A1:A100)

Finds the sum of cells A1 through A100

AVERAGE

=AVERAGE(B1:B10)

Finds the average of cells B1 through B10

MAX

=MAX(C1:C100)

Returns the highest number from cells C1 through C100

MIN

=MIN(D1:D100)

Returns the lowest number from cells D1 through D100

SQRT

=SQRT(D10)

Finds the square root of the value in cell D10

TODAY

=TODAY()

Returns the current date (leave the parentheses empty)

The Function Wizard Excel has menus of other available functions that can be accessed using the Function Wizard. To select a function using the Function Wizard: Steps 1.

Actions Click the cell where the function will be placed.

2. In the Function Library group, click the Formulas tab. The Insert Function dialog box opens.

Note: The same Insert Function button can be found at all times right to the left of the Formula Bar and to the right of the Name Box. Steps

Actions

1. From the Category drop-down menu, select a function category. 2. From the Select a function menu, select a function type. A description and example of the function appears below the menu. 3.

Click OK. The Function Arguments dialog box opens.

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4.

Choose the cells that will be included in the function.

5. When all the cell values for the function have been entered, click OK.

Autosum Use the Autosum function to add the contents of a cluster of adjacent cells. Steps

Actions

1. Highlight the group of cells that will be summed (cells B2 through G2 in this example). 2. Click the Formulas tab 3. Click Autosum.

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SORTING AND FILLING Sorting Data When you have finished entering your data into your spreadsheet, you may want to sort the data so that it is easier to view and search. For example, you can put a list of names in alphabetical order, or order number entries in numerical order. You can sort data in a column either in ascending or descending order. To sort data in a column:

Steps

Actions

1. letter.

Select the column you want to sort by clicking the column

2.

Click the Home tab.

3.

Click the Sort and Filter button from the Editing group.

4. click

Click if you want to order the data in ascending order, or if you want to order the data in descending order.

Complex Sorts You may need to sort your data by more than one column. For example, if you have assigned team projects to your undergraduate class, you could have a column for the project names and a column for the student names, as shown below.

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You can first sort all the student names into the project groups, and then put the student names in alphabetical order within each project group. To sort by multiple columns: Steps

Actions

1.

Select all the columns that you want to sort.

2.

Click the Home tab.

3.

In the Editing group, click Sort & Filter.

4.

Click Custom Sort. The Sort dialog box opens.

5. From the Column dropdown menu, select the first column you want to sort 6. From the Order dropdown menu, select A to Z if you want to sort in ascending order, or Z to A if you want to sort in descending order. 7. You will now need to add new levels for the remaining columns you want to sort. You can add a new level by clicking the Add Level button, and choosing which level you want to sort from the Then by dropdown menu. 8. Enter the columns and values for each of the columns you want to sort. 9.

Click OK.

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Autofill The Autofill feature allows you to quickly fill cells with repetitive or sequential data such as repeated text, or chronological dates and numbers.

Autofill Dates To autofill a sequential series of dates: Steps 1.

Actions Enter the first date of the series into a cell.

2. Click the handle in the bottom-right corner of the cell and drag it down as many cells as you want to fill

Autofill Numbers To autofill a sequential series of numbers. Steps

Actions

1.

Enter the first number of the series into a cell.

2.

Enter the second number of the series into the adjacent cell.

3.

Select both cells by clicking and dragging the mouse over them.

4. Click the handle in the bottom-right corner of the second cell and drag it over as many cells as you want to fill.

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To autofill the same number or text into a column or row of cells. Steps

Actions

1. Enter the number or text into a cell. 2. Click the handle in the bottom-right corner of the cell and drag it over as many cells as you want to fill. Alternating Text and Numbers with Autofill You can use the autofill feature to fill multiple cells at once. For example, to make a repeating list of the days of the week, type the seven days into seven adjacent cells in a column or row. Highlight the seven cells, click the handle in the bottom-right of the last cell, and drag it over as many cells as you want to fill. Autofill Functions Autofill can be used to copy functions. In the example below, column A and column B contain lists of numbers and column C contains the sum of columns A and B for each row. The function in cell C2 would be “=SUM(A2:B2)”. To copy this function to the remaining cells of column C, follow these steps: Steps

Actions

Select the cell that contains the function you want to copy. In the example below, cell C2 is selected 1.

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2. Click the handle in the bottom-right corner of the cell and drag it down as many cells as you want to fill. In the example below, the sum of columns A and B can now be found in column C for each the rows

selected

CHARTS Charts allow you to present data entered into a worksheet in a visual format, using a variety of graph types. Before you can make a chart you must first enter data into a worksheet.

The Chart Wizard To create a chart Steps 1.

Action Enter your data into a worksheet.

2. Select the cells that you want to include in the chart, including the headings.

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3.

4. 5.

Click the Insert tab. In the Charts group, Excel provides you with a number of different chart type options: column, line, pie, bar, area, scatter, or other chart. Once you have clicked the chart type you want, a menu will open showing more available chart styles within that type. Click the chart style you want. The chart will open in your worksheet.

QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR Excel allows you to customize a toolbar with the commands you use most often. The Quick Access Toolbar allows you to carry out your most common tasks quickly and easily.

Steps 1.

Actions In the top left of your screen, click the File tab.

2. Click the Excel Options button. The Excel Options dialog box will open. 3. In the left sidebar, click Customize. The options for customizing your Quick Access Toolbar will open.

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To add a command to your toolbar: Steps 1.

Actions Select a command from the scroll down menu on the left.

2. Click Add. The command will now be added to the list on the using the up and down arrows on the right of the window. 3.

Select the Show Quick Access Toolbar below the Ribbon box.

4. Click OK. Your Quick Access Toolbar will now appear below the Ribbon.

USES OF MS EXCEL Teachers can use Excel to keep attendance, average quarterly grades, create a lesson-plan template and schedule, track room inventory, list classroom books, manage summer-school rosters, document student behavior and more. Students can plot their progress in class.

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ADVANTAGES OF MS EXCEL  Using Excel can enhance understanding of content within a grahic presentation of the information; it provides a visual representation of data that makes it easier to analyze.  Excel reduces the difficulty of plotting data and allows students a means for interpreting the data.  You can also reverse the traditional process of analyzing data by giving students a completed chart and see if they can reconstruct the underlying worksheet. This goes a long way toward helping them understand the relationship between the data and the chart.  Excel can easily convert any chart or data set into a web page, making it very easy to share information among groups. Many universities are using this model for data sharing between students who aren't even on the same continent.  Excel's ability to dynamically generate charts and graphs in seconds makes it easy to quickly demonstrate relationships between numbers.  As a teaching tool, students can see how different types of graphs and charts can be used to represent the same series of data. As one teacher stated, "For years it took me three to five days to teach kids the use a pie chart, bar graph, and/or a line graph to accurately represent information.  One of the best things is that you can compare data between any two or more variables. Using storage devices (disks), you can store data and use it to conduct a comparative analysis of any information that you have collected over time. 17

CONCLUSION Microsoft Excel is really a very very important application to teach, to include in classroom lecture and in the education systems and process. It’s really important to convert facts into raw data. Then it’s important to filter or formulate that data and create meaningful information. After that, it’s really important to analyze and execute that information for knowledge. And knowledge purifies our mind, habits, culture, society, and country. There is no doubt about it, used proactively, applications like Microsoft's Excel can enhance a learning environment. It can help students look past crunching numbers and really start to interpret data. Technology is a lot of things, but it shouldn't take the place of wellpolished, traditional methods of teaching and learning. It is meant to enhance teaching and learning. Students can become good and proficient in any school or college subjects by using Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel is really important in our education system that enhances data management creativity in students mind. Microsoft Excel is an important application in computers that need to be used in the classroom and education.

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REFERENCES 1. https://itconnect.uw.edu/learn/workshops/onlinetutoials/microsoft-office-2010/microsoft-excel-2010/the-excelinnerface/ 2. http://excelchampscom.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/excelchamps.com/e xcelbasics 3. www.wikipedia.org 4. http://www.kilentsolutech.com/importance-of-microsoft-excel-forstudents/ 5. http://www.teach-nology.com/tutorials/excel/

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