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RAILWAY

STAFF NURSE & MIDWIFE EXAM SELF-STUDY GUIDE-CUM

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CONTENTS ■ RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE ................................................................................................. RSN-5 ➤ Exam Oriented Unique Questions on Railways ........................................................RSN–8

ADVICE-CUM-STUDY MATERIAL ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

NURSING – HISTORY & ORIGIN ..................................................................................................................... RSN–15 NURSING AND HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA .................................................................. RSN–21 HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................................. RSN–30 INFECTION & DISEASES ................................................................................................................................... RSN–38 HUMAN BODY : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................ RSN–56 BODY MECHANICS, POSTURES AND POSITIONING ................................................................................. RSN–91 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY ............................................................................................................ RSN–94 HYGIENE ............................................................................................................................................................ RSN–103 HEALTH ASSESSMENT AND NUTRITION ................................................................................................... RSN–116 COMMUNICATION .......................................................................................................................................... RSN–136 FIRST AID AND EMERGENCIES ..................................................................................................................... RSN–138 HEALTH MANAGEMENT (Principles of Health Education In Nursing) ............................................. RSN–157 PAEDIATRICS .................................................................................................................................................... RSN–161 OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY .................................................................................................................. RSN–165 IMPORTANT OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS : STAFF NURSE ............................................................................. RSN–171 ARITHMETIC ...........................................................................................................................RSN–177 GENERAL INTELLIGENCE & REASONING ABILITY ................................................................RSN–212 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE .........................................................................................................RSN–228

MODEL PRACTICE SETS SET–01 ❖

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–265 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–267

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SET–02 ❖

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–275 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–277

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SET–03 ❖

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–285 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–287

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–296 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–298

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–317 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–320

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SET–04 ❖

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–306 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–308

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–329 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–332

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–341 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–344

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–353 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–356

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–437 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–440

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SET–18

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–364 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–367

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–448 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–451

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SET–19

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–376 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–378

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–459 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–462

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SET–20

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–387 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–389

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–470 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–472

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SET–21

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–397 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–399

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–480 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–482

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SET–22

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–407 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–409

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–490 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–492

SET–15 ❖

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SET–23

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–416 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–418

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–499 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–501

SET–16 ❖

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SET–24

GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–426 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–429

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–508 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–511

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GENERAL ABILITY General Awareness, Arithmetic, General Intelligence & Reasoning ................................. RSN–520 TECHNICAL ABILITY Staff Nurse Questions ....................................... RSN–522

RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE

RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE

RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE GATEWAY TO SUCCESS We are fully acquainted with the fact that the key to success lies in destiny. But we don't care something which is basic and related to real life. But why? Because life is a continuous phenomenon and we have to deal with its cautiously. If you want or not, priority changes time to time. And we will have to adjust with circumstances. In complex situations we find ourselves anxious and nervous and we try to come out from this situation. Then we try to consult a teacher or adviser. If we are aspirants of any competitive exam we go in the search of tution, coaching, books etc. What we get from these things is a matter of long discussion. Therefore I don’t want to change the track and confuse you. Quality seeds are not enough for quality production. Fertile land plays a major role in agricultural production. First you should assess yourself and try to make yourself knowledgable, then success will kiss your feet. If you have any doubt in it you should learn from the agriculturists, who are the great server of nature. Taking all these things in consideration we have prepared the study material of this book. But before going through the facts we are providing you some indispanseble facts about Indian Railways.

INDIAN RAILWAYS AT A GLANCE Railway is a great achievement of Industrial revolution. Historical sources say that in the Ist Century ‘Hero’ of Secundaria opened the gate of a temple in Greece by steam power. After that so many attempts were made to utilise this power of water. Fortunately, in the year 1769, James Watt of Scotland was successful in preparing a steam engine. At that time so many attempts were made to prepare such a steam engine which would be able to pull for a long distance. But unfortunately this plan did not succeed. In the year 1830, a Britisher James Stephenson invented his famous steam engine ‘Rocket’. This steam engine rolled at the speed of forty-six km. taking so many coaches. The whole world was wondered at this achievement. At that time so many people were conscious of about the high speed of this engine. After I860 Rail travel became very popular when steel was used in the tracks and bogies in place of iron. Till 1900, there was a lot of expansion of Railways which covered continent to continent.

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SOME IMPORTANT FACTS Here some questions are being put for your consideration. ● Do you know the answer of these questions? Have you come across with such questions? ● If such questions are asked without going through this book, then what will you do? ● Have you seen ever before such a collection of materials on Railways.

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These facts can not be overlooked, because the question is not only to get some marks or division. You have to make a place among thousands and many more. The first train rolled in Fourteenth Century in Greece. At that time tracks were made of rocks and labourd pulled the train. After sometime tracks were made of woods and plates were of iron. In 1789, British engineer William Jesup made the first iron train. Earlier coal was loaded in these trains and the trains were pulled by horses. In 1814, a new chapter began in the history of Railways. Mr. George Stephenson invented the steam Locomotive. Mr. George Stephenson is regarded as the Grandman of Railways. The first train of the world rolled in England in 1825. The construction work of these Rail lines was started by George Stephenson and it took four years. After that, development of Railwaylines was continuous in Europe and America. Railway services were started in France in 1829, America in 1830, Holland & Italy in 1839 and Spain in 1848. The credit to development of Railways in India goes to R.M. Stephenson. He was a great promoter of Railways in India.

RSN–5

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A Civil Engineer Mr.G.T. Clarke first prepared the ‘Plan’ for Kurla–Thane Raillines. His report was submitted to a Government Committee in 1844. On the basis of this report, for the first time in India, Bombay Great Eastern Railway was established. The first meeting took place in Mumbai on 19th April 1845, in which 100 people participated. In this first meeting Enland Railway Association came into force in place of Bombay Great Eastern Railway. After sometime “The Great Indian Peninsular Railway” was established and Enland Railway Association was merged into it. “Great Indian Peninsula” was establ ished by Mr. John Chapman. Under the presidentship of John Stuard Bortale a committee was formed in England. In 1845, Mr. Chapman was sent to India by the Committee for research work. In 1845, the ‘Court of Directors’ of East India Company sent the first official letter in which necessity of Railways in India was accepted. Taking into the consideration of the climate and geographical condition of India, five feet wide gauge was accepted. Which later came to known as Broad Gauge. The first train in India was run by the English in 1845. The first Rai lway i n Indi a was known as “Great Indian Peninsular Railway Company”

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‘East Indian Railway Company’ and “Great Indian Peninsular Company” were the first Indian companies. They were looked after by the English. In 1832, a Survey was made in Madras for the development of Railway tracks, but it got permission after seven years. In 1852, first Locomotive was manufactured. Boribander – Thane Railway line was constructed under the supervi si on of Mr.James J. Burkale. The first train was run in India on 16th April, 1853 between Boribander and Thane. This journey was of 57 minutes. In this train, there was fourteen coaches and three steam engines. The name of the engines were –Saheb, Sindh and Sultan. Thus, the first train service was started in Bombay. After one year, Rail line were developed between Thane and Kalyan. The Great Indian Peninsular Railway company was a private company, but there was a lot of Government control on it. On 15th August 1854, East India Company started Rail servi ce between Howrah and Hughlee. Railway started its services in Madras in 1856. Earlier, Rail Service was expanded on ports, later it started to expand in inner parts of the country. In 1857, due to revolt, there came a halt in the construction work. Railway works started again in 1858, when the power was transferred to Queen Victoria. Till 1866, there were 12 Railway lines with a length of 3500 miles and eight Railway companies were established. In 1866, the construction work of Rail lines between Howrah– Delhi was started. In 1870, Bombay and Calcutta was linked with Raillines via Allahabad. In 1861, Balsar–Badodara Rail line was prepared.

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In 1864,Grant Rail was linked with Balsar. In 1870, Railway line was constructed in Sabarmati. In 1871, the construction work of Railway line was completed to Raichur and the Railway line of Madras was linked with it. At that time Narrow gauge was more popular in India, whose width was three and half feet. Later came two gauges – Broad and Meter gauge. Broad gauge was for Trunk lines and other an lines was Meter gauge. On Ist April 1868, government took over the control of the Calcutta and South-East Rail companies. In 1880, the length of Railway lines was Nine Thousand miles. In which two and half miles were under government control. Nizam Railway, Kathiawad Railway, Mysoor Railway, Bhopal Railway etc. were prepared by local kings. Its length was 550 miles. In 1879, the Government purchased the East India Company. In 1888; Mr. Coilson Behl constructed the Victoria Terminus. The cost of the manufacturing was about Rs. 16 lakhs. Railways Act was passed in 1890. In Railways a section was created that before starting travel a Government inspection and a certificate is necessary. In 1965, the Great Indian Peni nsul ar Rail way Company started an engine factory in Bhaikhala. After that manufacturing of railway engine was started in the factories of Bombay, Badodara and Central India Railway Company. In 1899, the first locomotive was manufactured at Jamalpur Mechanical Factory. Till 1902, the length of Railway lines was at 26 thousand miles and it was looked after by thirty three Railway headquarters. In August 1901, Sir Thomas Robertson was appointed the Special Commissioner of Indian Railways. Its objective was to manage, control and supervise the future work of Indian Railways.

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Railway Board was constituted in the year 1905. In twentieth century, Government purchased most of the Railway lines. Great Indian Peninsular Railway was also purchased by the Government in 1900. In hilly areas, Railway was first started i n Darj eeling. The length of this Railway line was 51 miles and the gauge of the Rail line was two feet. In the year 1903, the construction work of Kalka-Shimla Railway line was completed. There were 103 tunnels in this Rail line. The 29 miles long Rail line on Nilgiri hills from Mettapalayam to Ootty was completed in the year 1908. The height of this line was 7500 feet. Eckworth Committee was constituted in the year 1920. The president of this Committee was Sir Willliam Eckworth. This ten-member committee has three Indians. The objective of Eckworth Committee was to give suggestions on Railway’s administrative structure, financial system and management. It’s work was also to draft a Constitution for the Railways. In 1922, Sir Climent Hindlay was appointed as the first Chief Commi ssioner of Rai lway Board. After sometime two members were also appointed with Finance Commissioner in Railway Board. In 1924, the Rail Budget was presented separately from General Budget. In 1925, government took over the control of ‘Great India Peninsular Railway and East India Railway Company.’ The first electric train rolled on 3rd February, 1925. It was inaugurated by the then Governor of Bombay Sir Lisile Wilson. It ran between Bombay V.T. and Kurla. Trains relating to electric, India was the 24th country in the world and third in the Asia. In the 1928, electric train ran between Bombay and Borivali. On Ist June 1930, new electric rail line was inaugurated for Bombay–Pune Rail line.

RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE

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Punjab Mail was started from Ist June by G.I.P. It covered the distance of 2486 km. between Ballard Piarre to Peshawar in 47 hours. Thi s train was whi ch started with six coaches in three were for the passengers and three were for the goods. Later it came to be known as Punjab Limited. ●

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Earlier passenger coaches was made of woods. In 1922, import of steel coaches started from England. First Howrah – New Delhi Rajdhani Express was started on Ist March, 1969. Its highest speed was 120 km. The first computerised reservation system was started in New Delhi in 1986. Railway Coach Factory was established in Kapurthala in the year 1987. The first three-tier air conditioned coaches were built in Kapurthala also. New designed L.H.B. passenger coaches were also built here. The first Shatabdi Express rolled between New Delhi and Jhansi in the year 1988. Later it was extended to Bhopal. Indian Container Corporation Limited was established in the year 1989. Signals came into existence first in the world in Hartal-pool, England. The work of cabin and interlocking services was started by Great Indian Peninsular Railway on Bombay–Delhi Rail link. It was completed in the year 1912. First colour light signal was started in 1928 by the Great Indian Peninsular Railway between Victoria Terminus and Bheikhala railway stations. The Railway Act of 1839 was valid till hundred years. A new Railway Act was passed in 1989 which came into existence in 1990. From the year 1992 to 2001, 9131 km. tracks gauge was converted. It was converted into broad gauge from meter gauge. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited was established on 19th July, 1990.

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In Konkan Railway there was the partnership of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala States. The length of the Konkan Rail lines is 708 km. Today, length of the Indian Railways is approximately sixty– three thousand km. The percentage of broad gauge railway tracks is about 70 per cent. At present, there are eight units of Indian Railways; (1) Rail India Technical and Economic Services Limited (2) Erccon International Limited (3) Indian Railways Finance Corporation Limited, (4) Indian Container Corporation Limited, (5) Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (6) Railway Information System Centre, (7) Indian Food and Tourism Corporation Limited, (8) Indian Rail Corporation Limited.

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Deccan Queen was the first Deluxe train of India, in which there were seven Coaches. It was inaugurated at the Bombay – Pune Rail line. At the same time electrification of Railway train was done in Madras. Till the year 1937, the length of Railway lines was at 41,000 km. Due to the division of the country in 1947, the rail link of Assam delinked. In 1955, manufacturing of passenger coaches was started in Madras. It came to be known as Integral Coach Factory. In 1903, Research and Development Centre was established. In 1930, Central Standard Office was started in Delhi. Railway Testing and Research Centre was started in the year 1952. In the year 1957, Research Designi ng and Standard Organisation was established merging Central Standard Office and Railway Testing and Research Centre. In the year 1932, the first diesel train of the world rolled. The diesel train in India came in the year 1932. The first diesel locomotive service started in Darjeeling. The first diesel locomotive factory was established in Benaras (Varanasi) in the year 1961. Chittranjan Locomotive Works was established in the year 1950. It has to prepare 120 steam locomotives. In 1950, so many Janata Express trains were started in which there were only second classes coaches. After Independence, Rail Ministry was formed, which was represented by a Minister of Cabinet rank. In 1951, Southern Railway, Central Railway and Western Railway were constituted. The Northern Railway, Central Railway and Western Railway were formed in the year 1952. South-Eastern Railway was formed in the year 1955 and three years later Eastern Railway came into existence.

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RAILWAY : AT A GLANCE

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS BASED ON INFORMATION PERTAINING TO.......RAILWAY’S YATRA 1. When was the Indian railways get started ? (1) 16 April, 1853 (2) 17 June, 1854 (3) 11 May, 1853 (4) 10 February, 1854 2. How many Railways stations are there in our country ? (1) 6843 (2) 7422 (3) 6833 (4) 7833 3. When was the first electric engine started ? (1) 1862 (2) 1855 (3) 1912 (4) 1925 4. From which place the first railway line was started ? (1) Bombay (2) Delhi (3) Calcutta (4) Madras 5. When was the colour light signals get started ? (1) 1920 (2) 1925 (3) 1928 (4) 1935 6. When was the first steam engine manufactured ? (1) 1853 (2) 1901 (3) 1912 (4) 1921 7. What is the total length of the National rail highway ? (1) 63140 km. (2) 64024 km. (3) 74062 km. (4) 73428 km. 8. From where the first Jan Shatabdi express was started ? (1) Bombay (2) Delhi (3) Calcutta (4) Madras 9. When was the first Jan Shatabdi express started ? (1) 1 April, 2002 (2) 16 April, 2002 (3) 1 Jan, 2002 (4) 30 Jan, 2002 10. In which year, the first Air conditioned coach was started ? (1) 1930 (2) 1933 (3) 1936 (4) 1939 11. In which part of the country the first Air conditioned coach was manufactured ? (1) Bombay (2) Pune (3) Bihar (4) Madras 12. Which type of material was used to make the two wheeler coach tracks ? (1) Stone (2) Wood (3) Iron (4) Concrete

13. In which country, the track was made up of stone first time ? (1) England (2) America (3) Greece (4) Rome 14. When was the first human pulled two wheeler coach was started ? (1) 12th century (2) 14th century (3) 15th century (4) 16th century 15. In which country was flanze wheel invented ? (1) Germany (2) Japan (3) Europe (4) Russia 16. Jesap was the engineer who first made the railway line of Iron belong to which country ? (1) Britain (2) Germany (3) Japan (4) America 17. Who invented the steam engine ? (1) George stephensen (2) Jesap (3) Newton (4) Williams 18. Who is named “Pitamah” in the history of railway ? (1) George stephensen (2) Newton (3) Williams (4) Jesap 19. What was the name of worlds first railway engine? (1) Steam engine (2) Engine (3) Locomotive (4) Locomotion 20. In which country was the first train started ? (1) England (2) Japan (3) Germany (4) France 21. Between which stations of England the first train was started ? (1) Stockton and Darlington (2) Stockton and London (3) London and Darlington (4) Burmingham and Cambridge 22. When was the railway service started in Spain ? (1) 1840 (2) 1843 (3) 1849 (4) 1848 23. When was the Railway services started in Holland and Italy ? (1) 1835 (2) 1839 (3) 1836 (4) 1831

RSN–8

24. When was the Railway Services started in America ? (1) 1830 (2) 1829 (3) 1825 (4) 1832 25. When was the first trai n started ? (1) 1820 (2) 1823 (3) 1825 (4) 1829 26. When was the Railway services started in France ? (1) 1820 (2) 1823 (3) 1829 (4) 1825 27. When was the construction work for the first Railway line started ? (1) 1821 (2) 1819 (3) 1823 (4) 1824 28. When was the first train of the world started ? (1) 1820 (2) 1823 (3) 1825 (4) 1829 29. Who played an important role to bring Railway services in Bengal ? (1) R.M. Stephenson (2) Jesak (3) Williams (4) George Stephens 30. When was George Clark submitted his report ? (1) 1840 (2) 1843 (3) 1844 (4) 1844 31. How many people participated in the meeting in the Town Hall ? (1) 50 (2) 70 (3) 200 (4) 100 32. For whom, horse ridden cart was beneficial? (1) Coal mines (2) Transportation (3) Heavy goods (4) Other vehicle 33. When did the big revolution happened in the history of Railway ? (1) 1801 (2) 1814 (3) 1815 (4) 1851 34. At which place the British rulers were planning for the prosperity of India ? (1) Delhi (2) Bombay (3) Calcutta (4) London 35. In whi ch year Mr. R.M. Stephenson was borned ? (1) 1801 (2) 1803 (3) 1808 (4) 1810

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS 36. Who was the founder of East India Railway Company ? (1) R.M. Stephenson (2) Newton (3) George Stephenson (4) Williams 37. What was the base of the decision of R.M. Stephenson ? (1) Politics (2) Policy (3) Business (4) Communication 38. When did Mr. R.M. Stephenson die ? (1) 1890 (2) 1893 (3) 1895 (4) 1899 39. Who was the first person that thinked about rail lines in our country ? (1) George Stephenson (2) R.M. Stephenson (3) Jesak (4) Williams 40. Where was the first thought comparison of canals and railways related to finance and technology was made ? (1) Delhi (2) Calcutta (3) London (4) Madras 41. On the basis of what railway had to be driven ? (1) Engine (2) Human being (3) Horses (4) Pony 42. In which year the efforts were made to introduce railways ? (1) 1840 (2) 1839 (3) 1844 (4) 1846 43. Vardhaman is famous for : (1) Coal mines (2) Occupation (3) Business (4) Eastern railway company 44. From which place was the first railway line started ? (1) Bijnor to Vardhaman (2) Vardhaman to Calcutta (3) Calcutta to Bijnor (4) Vardhaman to Bijnor 45. Which was the biggest business centre in India in the ancient times ? (1) Delhi (2) Madras (3) Bombay (4) Calcutta 46. Kural Janhe national way was thought by — (1) George Clark (2) George Stephenson (3) R.M. Stephenson (4) Williams 47. When was the first meeting held in town hall ? (1) 16 April, 1845 (2) 19 April, 1845 (3) 21 May, 1845 (4) 5 June, 1845

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

48. What is the present name of Janhe station ? (1) Thane (2) Victoria terminus (3) Mahim (4) Dadar 49. What was the decision made in the meeting held in the town hall ? (1) Bombay Great Eastern Railway formed (2) G.I.R. disolved (3) Discussion (4) Janhe inspection 50. What was the new name given to G.I.R. ? (1) Bombay Great Eastern Railway (2) I.R.A. (3) G.R.P.R. (4) Inland railways 51. Which company was merged after the making of the Great Indian Peninsula railway ? (1) G.I.R (2) E.R.R (3) B.G.I.R (4) England railway association 52. Mr John chapman, Major White and Vorat came together to form which company ? (1) E.R.R (2) G.I.R (3) England railway (4) The Great Indian peninsula railway company 53. When did Mr Chapman send to India for research on railways ? (1) 1840 (2) 1842 (3) 1848 (4) 1845 54. Who was the chairperson of the committee which sent Chapman in India ? (1) White (2) Vorat (3) Stuart vortal (4) Stevenson 55. Where did Chapman form the committee ? (1) Glassgo (2) London (3) Edimbara (4) Lords 56. What was the main source of earning of railways ? (1) goods fair (2) passenger fair (3) catering (4) None of these 57. The court of directors were related to which company ? (1) I.R.R. (2) G.I.R. (3) East India Company (4) Bombay eastern railway 58. In which year the directors accepted the necessity of the railways and wrote the first official letter ?

RSN–9

(1) 1845 (2) 1841 (3) 1849 (4) 1853 59. The Ancient Kosinga station todays famous as — (1) Kurla (2) Kalyan (3) Thane (4) Kosawa 60. In different geogrpahic situations what all steps were taken out to overcome them at time of crisis ? (1) Private company (2) Government control (3) Increasing the Gaze of the Railway line (4) Change of design 61. The first Western Indian railway line suggestion was given for which railway line ? (1) Bombay – Koringa (2) Bombay – Kurla (3) Bombay – Dadar (4) Bombay – Mahim 62. In todays time what is the length of broad gauge of the railway line ? (1) 5 Feet (2) 5.5 Feet (3) 6 Feet (4) 6.5 Feet 63. The first Indian Railway was named as— (1) G.I.P (2) I.R.R. (3) G.I.R. (4) Inland railways 64. Who was the incharge of the I.R.R. and G.I.P railway company ? (1) Indian (2) East India Company (3) Britishers (4) British Parliament 65. When was there a tie up between Government and private company ? (1) 1841 (2) 1857 (3) 1849 (4) 1841 66. The control of railway construction was under— (1) Government (2) Non-Government (3) Semi-Government (4) Private Company 67. In which year the first locomotive came into force ? (1) 1851 (2) 1857 (3) 1852 (4) 1855 68. When was Madras affected due to Railways ? (1) 1839 (2) 1832 (3) 1841 (4) 1830 69. When did Madras railway company forwarded their request ? (1) 1845 (2) 1854 (3) 1843 (4) 1841

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS 70. What was the total distance between Boribandar to Janhe? (1) 20 miles (2) 25 miles (3) 21 miles (4) 24 miles 71. Who did the construction work of the rail way l i ne from Boribandar to Janhe ? (1) James J. Berkel (2) Jesak (3) Williams (4) Newton 72. What was the day on 16th April, 1853 in the history of Railways ? (1) Sunday (2) Tuesday (3) Thursday (4) Saturday 73. On 16th April, 1853 in Bombay which station was decorated to welcome the people ? (1) Boribandar (2) Thane (3) Kurla (4) Dadar 74. What was the total duration of distance covered by first Railway engine ? (1) 1 hour (2) 1.2 hour (3) 57 minutes (4) 50 minutes 75. What was Sahib–Sindh–Sultan ? (1) Name of a station (2) Name of the passenger (3) Name of the three steam engines (4) Name of a place 76. What was the number of compartments in the first railway engine ? (1) 12 (2) 9 (3) 10 (4) 14 77. At what time the first Indian Railway started ? (1) Afternoon – 3 PM (2) Afternoon – 5 PM (3) Afternoon 3.35 PM (4) Afternoon 4.30 PM 78. Where was the welcome given to the passengers travelling in the first railway engine ? (1) Jaulie station (2) Boribandar (3) Bandra (4) Borriville 79. When did Madras railway get the acceptance to their proposal ? (1) After five years (2) After seven years (3) After nine years (4) After eleven years 80. Which private company was under the strict government control ? (1) I.I.R (2) G.I.P (3) Peninsula (4) Great Bombay Eastern Railway

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

81. When was the I.I.R train first started ? (1) 1859 (2) 1854 (3) 1857 (4) 1853 82. When did the railway track for Jaulie to Kalyan get ready ? (1) 1853 (2) 1859 (3) 1854 (4) 1856 83. When was the first railway started between Howrah and Hugli ? (1) 15 Aug, 1854 (2) 26 Jan, 1854 (3) 27 May, 1854 (4) 16 April, 1854 84. What was the time when train between Howrah and Hugli get started ? (1) Morning 7 am. (2) Morning 8 am. (3) Morning 9 am. (4) Morning 8.30 am. 85. Why were the britishers surprised ? (1) Popularity of railways (2) Unity of people (3) End of doubts (4) Rigidity of the community 86. When was Madras rail route get started ? (1) 1853 (2) 1856 (3) 1855 (4) 1854 87. What was the total distance of first Madras rail route ? (1) 64 miles (2) 70 miles (3) 61 miles (4) 63 miles 88. When did the first World was happen ? (1) 1914 (2) 1909 (3) 1911 (4) 1905 89. What is the total length of Narel Mathren railway line ? (1) 10 mile (2) 15 mile (3) 17 mile (4) 12.5 mile 90. What is the total amount spend on the construction of Kalka to Shimla railway line ? (1) 1 crores (2) 2 crores (3) 3 crores (4) 1 crores 76 lakhs 91. What is the total height of Kalka to Shimla railway line ? (1) 7 thousand feet (2) 5 thousand feet (3) 6 thousand feet (4) 4 thousand feet 92. What is the total length of the tunnels situated on the Kalka to Shimla railway line ? (1) 3625 feet (2) 3752 feet (3) 5263 feet (4) 3002 feet

RSN–10

93. When did Kalka to Shimla railway line open ? (1) 1900 (2) 1903 (3) 1901 (4) 1904 94. For which hilly area was the first railway line made ? (1) Darjelling (2) Kashmir (3) Dalhaujee (4) Ladakh 95. How many members did the railway board had ? (1) 3 (2) 5 (3) 4 (4) 6 96. When was the B.B.C.I. locomotive get started ? (1) Jamalpur (2) Parel (3) Boriville (4) Hyderabad 97. Which company made the first engine in India ? (1) G.I.P (2) B.B.C.I (3) E.R.R (4) East India Company 98. In 1890 what was the name given to the railway law ? (1) Railway act (2) Inspection board (3) New law (4) Transportation law 99. When did the government purchase the E.R.R. Company ? (1) 1879 (2) 1862 (3) 1865 (4) 1871 100. In which year there was war in Afghans ? (1) 1875 (2) 1878 (3) 1880 (4) 1873 101.In which year the Sabarmati railway line was made ? (1) 1870 (2) 1871 (3) 1869 (4) 1865 102. When did the railway line from Balsar to Baroda get start ? (1) 1858 (2) 1860 (3) 1856 (4) 1861 103. In which year the Surat broad line get started ? (1) 1853 (2) 1855 (3) 1856 (4) 1858 104. In which year B.B.C.I railway was formed ? (1) 1852 (2) 1855 (3) 1853 (4) 1854 105. When was Bombay to Calcutta railway line joined together ? (1) 1855 (2) 1865 (3) 1869 (4) 1870 106. When was the first Meter Gauge Loco formed ? (1) 1895 (2) 1893 (3) 1897 (4) 1890 107. What is the name of the beautiful station in Mumbai ? (1) Bombay central (2) Boriville

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS (3) Victoria Terminus (4) Thane 108. When was Victoria terminal made ? (1) 1888 (2) 1885 (3) 1890 (4) 1887 109. How much amount of money was spent on the making of Victoria terminals ? (1) 10 Lakhs (2) 15 Lakhs (3) 16 Lakhs (4) 20 Lakhs 110. Which among the following engineer have made the Victoria terminal ? (1) Wilson Balle (2) Mayor Clark (3) Victoria (4) Newton 111. What was the cause of the failure of the Revolt – 1857 ? (1) religion and caste system in India (2) better understanding of the English (3) lack of able leader (4) lack of brave soldiers 112. Sacrifice of the warrior of the revolt – 1857 was ineffectual, due to – (1) sickness of motherland (2) lack of a better vision and management (3) pact between Bahadurshah and Laxmibai (4) None of these 113. What was the cause of delay in rail construction work ? (1) Sepoy mutiny (2) Unstability of East India Company due to revolt of 1857 (3) Lack of money (4) Indian educated persons were not in favour 114. When did the Queen Victoria started to rule over the India? (1) 1885 (2) 1857 (3) 1858 (4) 1859 115. Who reviewed the delay of rail construction work ? (1) British Parliament (2) Queen Victoria (3) Review Committee (4) Indian princely states 116. When was the construction work of Bhor Ghat started ? (1) 1861 (2) 1863 (3) 1862 (4) 1864 117. How much time was taken in the Bhor Ghat construction work ? (1) One year (2) Two years

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

(3) Three years (4) Four years 118. How many rail companies were existing during the year 1886? (1) Two (2) Four (3) Five (4) Eight 119. How many rail lines were constructed upto the year 1886 ? (1) Twelve (2) Five (3) Seven (4) Nine 120. What was the total length of the rail lines in 1886 ? (1) 2500 mile (2) 3000 mile (3) 3500 mile (4) 4000 mile 121. What target was fixed for the construction of rail line upto 1870 ? (1) 5000 mile (2) 4500 mile (3) 6000 mile (4) 6500 mile 122. When was the railway bridge of Delhi made ? (1) 1863 (2) 1861 (3) 1866 (4) 1865 123. Railway route of Howrah to Delhi was opened in – (1) 1865 (2) 1862 (3) 1863 (4) 1866 124. When was the Bombay connected to the Calcutta railway route ? (1) 1855 (2) 1860 (3) 1865 (4) 1870 125. The B.B.C.I. Railway was came into force in – (1) 1852 (2) 1855 (3) 1853 (4) 1854 126. Who was the surveyor of Bombay-Agra rail line ? (1) B.B.C.I. (2) Western Railway (3) Northern Railway (4) Southern Railway 127. Surat-Bharonch line was started in – (1) 1853 (2) 1855 (3) 1856 (4) 1858 128. When was the Balsar–Baroda rail route completed ? (1) 1858 (2) 1860 (3) 1856 (4) 1861 129. Which station was connected by the grand rail route ? (1) Baroda (2) Balsar (3) Surat (4) Bharonch 130. When was the Sabarmati railway line completed ? (1) 1870 (2) 1871 (3) 1869 (4) 1865 131. When was the Bombay to Madras Railway trunck route get completed ?

RSN–11

(1) 1869 (2) 1867 (3) 1871 (4) 1866 132. By which rail route being constructed, the Madras trunck rail route was completed? (1) Surat – Bharonch (2) Balsar – Baroda (3) Sabarmati – Madras (4) Raichur – Madras 133. Which system was suggested as most suitable for the area of low population and low transport by the engineers ? (1) Broad gauge (2) Metre gauge (3) Narrow gauge (4) Wide gauge 134. When was the first Metre gauge loco made ? (1) 1895 (2) 1893 (3) 1897 (4) 1890 135. What was the result of the consideration of fixing the width of gauge ? (1) 5 feet (2) 3.5 feet (3) 3 feet (4) 4.5 feet 136. Which gauge was fixed for trunck rail routes ? (1) Broad gauge (2) Narrow gauge (3) Metre gauge (4) Five feet gauge 137. Why did the government adoption came into force in railway system ? (1) increasing tax burden on Indians (2) over expenditure in rail companies (3) railway companies running on deficit (4) Wave of charge 138. When did the government adopt Calcutta and South-East railway company ? (1) 1 April, 1868 (2) 30 April, 1868 (3) 16 April, 1868 (4) 1 January, 1868 139. Which part of India was suffered by dreadful famine ? (1) Eastern India (2) Northern India (3) Western India and Southern India (4) Southern India 140. How many years this dreadful famine lasted ? (1) One year (2) Two years (3) Four years (4) Five years 141. How much people were lost during this famine ?

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS (1) Ten Lakhs (2) Fifteen Lakhs (3) Thirty Lakhs (4) Forty Lakhs 142. By which reason the railway construction work was obstructed ? (1) Afghan war (2) Dreadful famine (3) Death of forty lakh men (4) Agitation of farmers 143. When did the famine commission repeat the importance of railway ? (1) 1875 (2) 1880 (3) 1877 (4) 1879 144. When did the Afghan war held ? (1) 1880 (2) 1875 (3) 1873 (4) 1878 145. How much long rail line was necessary for construction work of transport ? (1) 15,000 mile (2) 20,000 mile (3) 10,000 mile (4) 17,000 mile 146. Due to Afghan war, which policy was changed in railway construction work ? (1) Route for military importance (2) Two medium was adopted for the railway construction work (3) Government policy (4) Private companies 147. Which type of rail was fixed in the government policy ? (1) Private rails (2) Commercial rails (3) Rails for the military importance (4) Rails for the general transport 148. How much railway route was completed upto the year 1880. (1) 7,000 mile (2) 10,000 mile (3) 9,000 mile (4) 11,000 mile 149. How much railway route was formed by the government in Gross 9,000 mi le rai lway route ? (1) 5000 mile (2) 4000 mile (3) 2500 mile (4) 3600 mile 150. How much the total length of railway line was made by the local rulers ? (1) 400 mile (2) 440 mile (3) 500 mile (4) 550 mile 151. In which part of country important government railway line was formed ?

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

(1) Punjab and Sindh (2) Assam and Bengal (3) Middle zone (4) Southern India 152. When was the construction work of Siyaldah station became completed ? (1) 1879 (2) 1862 (3) 1865 (4) 1871 153. When did the government buy E.R.R. company ? (1) 1879 (2) 1881 (3) 1876 (4) 1874 154. How much railway line branches were completed upto the year 1990 ? (1) 20,000 mile (2) 22,000 mile (3) 16,000 mile (4) 13,500 mile 155. When was the Delhi-Metro Rail Started ? (1) Jan. 2003 (2) Nov. 2002 (3) Dec. 2002 (4) Oct. 2002 156. When was the construction work of Victoria terminus completed ? (1) 1888 (2) 1885 (3) 1890 (4) 1887 157. How much money were invested in the construction of Victoria terminus ? (1) 10 lakhs (2) 15 lakhs (3) 16 lakhs (4) 20 lakhs 158. Who was the chief engineer in construction of Victoria terminus ? (1) Wilson Bail (2) F.W. Stevenson (3) M. Bush (4) Z. Clark 159. Who was the director of Victoria terminus ? (1) J. Fleming (2) Stephenson (3) C. John (4) F.W. Stevenson 160. What is the main feature of Victoria terminus ? (1) Main dome (2) Statue of a woman with flambeau (3) Architecture of archs and towers (4) All of the above 161. Which style was adopted by Stevenson for construction of Victoria terminus ? (1) General style (2) Mughal style (3) Italian gothic style (4) Nagar style

RSN–12

162. By which name the act of 1890 was known ? (1) Railway act (2) Inspection act (3) New legislature act (4) Transport act 163. What was the effect of railway act on rail construction work ? (1) suggestion for starting new section (2) order for issuing certificate (3) operating related order (4) government inspection and certificate became necessary 164. Which company made the first rail engine in India ? (1) G.I.P. (2) B.B.C.I. (3) E.R.R. (4) East India Company 165. Manufacturing work of the first l ocomotive engine was started at– (1) Thane (2) Boribandar (3) Bhaikhala (4) Jamalpur 166. Manufacturing of locomotive engine was started in – (1) 1865 (2) 1867 (3) 1870 (4) 1873 167. From which place B.B.C.I. started factory for locomotive ? (1) Jamalpur (2) Parel (3) Bhaikhala (4) Borivili 168. When did the first locomotive engine form in Jamalpur factory ? (1) 1899 (2) 1889 (3) 1879 (4) 1871 169. How much long railway line was completed for operating, before entering in the 20th century ? (1) 20,000 mile (2) 25,000 mile (3) 27,000 mile (4) 26,000 mile 170. How many rail administration was active for operating twenty six thousand mile long rail route ? (1) 25 (2) 30 (3) 33 (4) 37 171. Which person was appointed special commissioner for Indian rails to review administration, work method and fixing management for future ? (1) Willson (2) Stevenson (3) Thomas Robertson (4) M. Clark 172. In which year Thomas Robertson was appointed special commissioner ?

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS (1) 1901 (2) 1900 (3) 1902 (4) 1905 173. When did Thomas Robertson submit his report about rail operating matters ? (1) 1904 (2) 1903 (3) 1902 (4) 1901 174. When did the railway board form ? (1) 1901 (2) 1905 (3) 1903 (4) 1904 175. How many members were in Railway Board ? (1) Three (2) Five (3) Four (4) Six 176. When did the government purchase G.I.P. Railway ? (1) 1895 (2) 1899 (3) 1897 (4) 1900 177. How did the 20th century affect Indian railway system ? (1) The government purchased important rail routes (2) The government acquired all railway system (3) Under lease system (4) Supremacy of private companies 178. For which hilly area the first train was started ? (1) Darjeeling (2) Jammu and Kashmir (3) Shimla (4) Dehradun 179. How much long route was constructed for the first train of hilly areas ? (1) 65 mile (2) 60 mile (3) 56 mile (4) 51 mile 180. Which gauge line was experimented for mountainer rail ? (1) Broad gauge (2) 2 feet (3) 3.5 feet (4) 5 feet 181. When did the Kalka-Shimla route open ? (1) 1900 (2) 1903 (3) 1901 (4) 1904 182. Which gauge was introduced in Kalka-Shimla route ? (1) 2 feet (2) 2.5 feet (3) 3 feet (4) 4 feet 183. How much height was travelled by Darjeeling rail ? (1) 5,000 feet (2) 6,000 feet (3) 7,000 feet (4) 8,000 feet 184. What was the height of KalkaShimla rail route ?

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

(1) 7,000 feet (2) 5,000 feet (3) 6,000 feet (4) 4,000 feet 185. What was the main feature of Kalka-Shimla rail route ? (1) Vast length of rail line (2) Hilly Scene (3) Spiral turning (4) 103 small-big tunnels 186. The longest tunnel in KalkaShimla rail route is – (1) 3625 feet (2) 3752 feet (3) 5263 feet (4) 3002 feet 187. The height of Neral-Matheran rail route is – (1) 2500 feet (2) 3000 feet (3) 3500 feet (4) 4000 feet 188. What was the construction cost of Kalka-Shimla rail route ? (1) 1 crore (2) 1.5 crore (3) 1.75 crore (4) 1.76 crore 189. The Mettapalayam-Ooty rail route is situated at – (1) Himgiri (2) Vindhyachal (3) Neelgiri (4) Ratnagiri 190. When was the MettapalayamOoty rail route completed ? (1) 1900 (2) 1902 (3) 1906 (4) 1908 191. What is the length of Mettapalayam-Ooty rail route : (1) 19 mile (2) 29 mile (3) 39 mile (4) 49 mile 192. What is the hei ght of Mettapalayam-Ooty rail route ? (1) 7000 feet (2) 6000 feet (3) 6500 feet (4) 7500 feet 193. When was the Neral–Matheran rail route completed ? (1) 1907 (2) 1909 (3) 1911 (4) 1913 194. What is the length of NeralMatheran rail route ? (1) 10 mile (2) 11 mile (3) 11.5 mile (4) 12.5 mile 195. What is the feature of Neral– Matheran rail route ? (1) 2,500 feet height (2) The slope is of 1:20 (3) Its cost was 10 lakh (4) Natural beauty 196. How many gauge is Neral– Matheran rail route ? (1) 1.5 feet (2) 2 feet (3) 3 feet (4) 5 feet

RSN–13

197. The first world war broke out in– (1) 1913 (2) 1914 (3) 1915 (4) 1916 198. What was the total length of rail route in 1920 ? (1) 30,000 mile (2) 40,000 mile (3) 37,000 mile (4) 20,000 mile 199. When did Eckworth Committee form ? (1) 1919 (2) 1920 (3) 1921 (4) 1931 200. How many Indians were selected for Eckworth Committee? (1) One (2) Two (3) Three (4) Four 201. How many total members are there in Eckworth Committee ? (1) Five (2) Seven (3) Nine (4) Ten 202. What was the main suggestion of Eckworth Committee ? (1) Budget grant (2) Autonomous central power (3) Accounting of income–expenditure (4) A separate budget for railway 203. When was the railway board reorganised on the suggestion of Eckworth Committee ? (1) 1920 (2) 1921 (3) 1922 (4) 1923 204. Who was the first Chief Commissioner of Railway board ? (1) Eckworth (2) Climent Hindle (3) C. Abraham (4) F. Mearse 205. When was the rail budget separated from general budget ? (1) 1924 (2) 1926 (3) 1935 (4) 1949 206. When was the E.I.R. and G.I.P. companies were adopted by the government ? (1) 1924 (2) 1925 (3) 1928 (4) 1932 207. In which year the proposal was passed for electrification of rail route from Kalyan to Birar ? (1) 1919 (2) 1921 (3) 1923 (4) 1925 208. What proposal was came from Bombay Municipal Corporation ? (1) Fast track (2) Cheap circulation (3) Electrification of rail route (4) Manufacturing of electric engine 209. When was the scheme of Harbour rail line passed ?

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS (1) 1922 (2) 1923 (3) 1926 (4) 1927 210. When was the new Harbour rail line inaugurated ? (1) 1925 (2) 1928 (3) 1931 (4) 1933 211. Who inaugurated the first electric train ? (1) Queen Victoria (2) Lecile Wilson (3) R. Stevenson (4) Z. Clark 212. The first electric train was run in Bombay between – (1) Victoria terminus – Kurla (2) Kurla – Boribandar (3) Victoria terminus – Bandra (4) Kurla – Thane 213. When was electric train started on Boriwilly ? (1) 1925 (2) 1926 (3) 1927 (4) 1928 214. What was the name of first Indian Delux train ? (1) Himalayan Queen (2) Fairy Queen (3) Deccan Queen (4) Victoria Queen 215. How many coaches were in Deccan Queen ? (1) 5 (2) 7 (3) 9 (4) 10 216. Which rail route was followed by Deccan Queen ? (1) Bombay – Puna (2) Bombay – Thane (3) Kurla – Bandra (4) Madras – Addyar 217. On which date the Deccan Queen was started ? (1) 16 April, 1930 (2) 1 June, 1930 (3) 15 August, 1930 (4) 2 October, 1930 218. On which station of Madras, the first electric train run ? (1) Madras beach to Tamabaram (2) Madras beach to Addyar (3) Madras beach to Madurai (4) Addyar to Madurai 219. When was the Burma separated from India ? (1) 1931 (2) 1935 (3) 1937 (4) 1947 220. When did the earning of railway decrease due to market depression ? (1) 1930 (2) 1931 (3) 1932 (3) 1933 221. The second world war broke out in – (1) 1939 (2) 1938 (3) 1944 (4) 1945

EXAM ORIENTED UNIQUE QUESTIONS

222. What was the length of rail route in India upto 1947 ? (1) 41,000 mile (2) 42,000 mile (3) 43,000 mile (4) 44,000 mile 223. What was the consequence of the freedom of India in 1947 on the railway system ? (1) Rail route was shut down (2) Rail route was divided (3) More railway stations were formed (4) None of these 224. When did the Chittaranjan locomotive work manufacture ? (1) 1947 (2) 1948 (3) 1949 (4) 1950 225. What was the target of Chittaranjan locomotive to make steam engine per year ? (1) 100 (2) 110 (3) 105 (4) 120 226. In which year Chittaranjan locomotive started to manufacture the electric locomotive ? (1) 1950 (2) 1962 (3) 1965 (4) 1969 227. When did the Janta Express trains start ? (1) 1947 (2) 1948 (3) 1949 (4) 1950 228. How many long rail route was left in India after Independence ? (1) 30,000 mile (2) 34,000 mile (3) 38,000 mile (4) 40,000 mile 229. How many rail systems were available in India upto 1948 ? (1) 40 (2) 41 (3) 42 (4) 43 230. How many rail system were under the government ? (1) 15 (2) 10 (3) 14 (4) 15

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26.(3)

27.(1)

28.(3)

221.(1)

222.(1)

223.(2) 224.(4)

29.(1)

30.(3)

31.(4)

32.(1)

225.(4)

226.(2)

227.(4) 228.(2)

33.(2)

34.(4)

35.(3)

36.(1)

229.(3)

230.(2)

37.(2)

38.(3)

39.(3)

40.(4)

❐❐❐

RSN–14

ADVICE-CUM-STUDY MATERIAL

STAFF NURSE

NURSING – HISTORY & ORIGIN INTRODUCTION Nursing is known as the oldest form of arts and the youngest of the profession. The word nurse evolved from the Latin word nutritious, which means nourishing. The roots of medicine and nursing are found in mythology, ancient eastern and western cultures and religion. Nursing defined by various authors at various times. Hansderson says “nursing is basically assisting the individuals (sick or well) in the performances of those activities, contributing or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. The unique contribution of nursing is to help the individual to be independent or such assistance as soon as possible. The International Council Of Nurses defines“ Nursing is to assist the individual, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or to its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help in gain independence as rapidly as possible. Nursing has its own body of knowledge scientifically based and humanitarianism that promises expanded benefits to people and society. It assists the individual or family to achieve their potential for self-direction for health. Nursing is not only an applied science, it is also an art, which provides skillful care for the sick in appropriate relationship with the patient, family, physician and with others who have related responsibilities. It is concerned equally with the prevention of illness and the conservation of health. Skillful nursing care embraces the whole person, body, mind and soul, his physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being (holistic approach).

the priest-physician was in charge of them. These temples were situated in a healthy location, in a cheerful and charming country-side with plenty of fresh air. Hippocrates, 100 BC known as “Father of Scientific Medicine” had a medical foundation to start with. He found that health and prevention of disease depends on certain laws of nature. He also established an Ethical code of conduct for all who practiced medicine.

ROME The Romans are best known for advances in public health. Rome had proper sanitation, drainage and sewage system, public baths and a type of public dispensary. The Roman noble women cared for the sick.

HEBREWS The writings of Hebrews in the Old Testament speak about laws and principles of sanitation in accordance with modern bacteriology. They mention about selection of food, sanitation, segregation of the sick, disinfection and midwifery.

CHINAAC The Chinese were well advanced in medicine and surgery. They had good knowledge of internal organs and knew about the circulation of the blood. They practiced dissecti on. They also practiced vacci nati on and physiotherapy. Much importance was given to cleanliness and hygiene.

INDIA

Pre-Historic Nursing One of the world’s oldest medical records, dating back to 1600 B.C. comes from Egypt. Sources of medical history, description of diseases and their treatment, surgery and drugs used are found in the “Hieroglyphic writings” on papyrus from the temples of ancient Egypt and from the Pyramids.

GREECE According to Greek mythology, Apollo the Sun God was their God of healing. Asclepius, the son of Apollo, was the Greek God of medicine. The Greeks prayed to Apollo and Asclepius, and the goddess of health, Hygiea the daughter of Apollo for magical cures for their illnesses. Temples, where people came to worship were also places for the treatment of the sick and

In India, we had the Ayurvedic system of medicine, which can be traced back to about 3000 B.C. Ayurveda stressed on hygiene, prevention of sickness, inoculation against small pox, sanitation, lavatories, good ventilation, kitchen, construction of hospitals, cultivation of medicinal plants and suitable building for housing animals. Atreya was the first great physician and teacher of Ayurveda. He lived about 800 B.C. During 700-600 B.C Sushruta and Charaka started practice of surgery and medicine. Sushruta Samhita is written by the great surgeon Sushruta, who says “the physician, the patient, the drugs and the nurse are four feet of ‘Padas’ of the medicine, upon which the cure depends”. He then explains how cash may be a true ‘Pada’ (Foot). The nurse is a pada when he is kindhearted, strong, trustworthy and mindful of the physician’s orders.

RSN–15