Music therapy and Ayurveda

Publication details

Copyrights details : © All the rights are reserved. Publisher : Notion Press (Notionpress.com) Edition : 1 st Publication Date : 6th January 2021 Language : English ISBN : 978-1637811368 Author name : Dr. Yashashri Arun Vitonde, BAMS, MD (Kayachikitsa), Sangeet Visharad. Email: [email protected] Contact no. : 9423649578

Price : Rs. 200/-

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The subject matter has been gathered from different Samhita granthas, Sangrahas, and other books for this I am ever greatful to Ayurveda Acharyas of ancient times as well as to modern authors. I am very much greatful to Dr. S.G. Deshmukh sir, Dean, Faculty of Ayurveda, MUHS, Nashik also Principal, CSMSS Ayurved mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad for inspiring me for this work. I am also thankful to my Music Guru Pandit Shri. Vishwanath Dasharathe, for his kind and insightful foreword. I am greatful to Dr. A.K. Burley sir, Dr. N.R. Nimbalkar sir who gave me valuable suggestions for improvement of content. I am always thankful to my Husband Dr. Umakant Karmalkar, who ever believe into me and boost me for every task.

Dr. Yashashri Vitonde – Karmalkar BAMS, MD Kayachikitsa CSMSS Ayurved Mhavidyalaya, Aurangabad

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

FOREWORD

Dr. Yashashri Arun Vitonde (M.D. Kayachikitsa), Associate Professor, CSMSS Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad has done very worthwhile project by writing a book on Music therapy and Ayurveda as non drug treatment on Mental health, which is an important component of the overall health of any individual. This was long recognized in ancient India, where in addition to the medical dimension, philosophical, religious, moral and ethical dimensions shaped and provided the ground for normal physical as well as mental health and contributed to an integrated healing and welfare of mankind. The Vedic times provided a broadly conceptualized model of mental health and illness, supported by an ethos of nurturance, support, caring and family responsibility in treatment and rehabilitation of many psychological illness. In the modern age, we are now living with increasing stress owing to various factors. In my view this book will put forth the multidimentional angel towards the management of mental disorders. The book begins with an overview of a rich body of theory and research from sociology, psychology, social psychiatry and neuroscience, considering arguments concerning “mind-body dualism” and presenting a conceptual framework for studying how Music is associated with human mental wellbeing. This publication is a further expression of our commitment to the promotion of physical as well as mental well being. I feel confident that the approach she has adopted in eliciting and interpreting music therapy and Ayurveda will be valuable for students of BAMS, MD Kayachikitsa and MD Manas roga, Public health, Sociology and Anthropology of health and illness. I Heartily congratulate Dr. Yashashri Arun Vitonde on this efforts.

Dr. S. G. Deshmukh, Dean, Faculty of Ayurveda, MUHS, Nashik , Principal, CSMSS Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad .

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

FOREWORD

As we all know, Music as a whole is well recognized for its entertainment value but depending upon the nature of music or Raag, it could induce Joy / Sorrow, Anger / Peace and also controls emotions. Music therapy is evidence based relaxation technique which improves one’s quality of life. Dr. Yashashri Vitonde – Karmalkar has done wonderful blending of Music therpy and Ayurveda, through this book. I hope, it will definitely beneficial to mankind.

Pandit Shri. Vishwanath Dashrathe

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

Vaidik Prathana यज्जाग्र॑तोदू॒ रमू॒ दै ततू॒ दैवू॒ तद॑ सू॒ प्तस्यू॒ तथैू॒ वैतत॑। दू॒ रू॒ङ्गू॒ मज्योतत॑षाू॒ज्योततू॒ रेकू॒ तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।१।। येनू॒कमाम॑ण्यू॒ पसो॑मनीू॒षषणो॑यू॒ज्ञेकू॒ ण्वननत॑षवू॒ दथे॑षू॒ धीरा॑: । यद॑ पू॒ वंयू॒क्षमू॒ नतःप्रू॒ जानाू॒तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।२।। यत्प्प्रू॒ ज्ञान॑मू॒ तचेतोू॒धतत॑श्चू॒ यज्ज्योतत॑रू॒नतरू॒मत॑प्रू॒ जास॑।

यस्माू॒ननऋू॒तेककचू॒ नकमम॑करू॒ यतेू॒तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।३।। येनू॒ द े भू॒ तभव॑नभषवू॒ ष्यत्प्परर॑ गहीतमू॒ मते॑नू॒ सवम॑म ्।

येन॑यू॒ज्ञस्ताू॒यते॑सू॒ प्तहो॑ताू॒तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।४।। यनस्मू॒ ननचू॒ : सामू॒ यज॑षषू॒ यनस्मू॒ नप्रतत॑नष्ितारथनाू॒भाषव॑वाू॒राः। यनस्मम॑नश्चू॒ त्तसवमू॒मोत॑प्रू॒ जानाू॒तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।५।। सू॒ षाू॒रू॒थथरश्वा॑तनवू॒ यनम॑नू॒ ष्याू॒ननेनीू॒यतेू॒ऽभी ॑शभवामू॒नजन॑इव। हू॒त्प्प्रतत॑ष्िू॒ यद॑ नजू॒ रजषव॑ष्िू॒ तनमेू॒ मन॑: श ू॒ वस॑ङ्कल्पमस्त।।६।।

Shuklayajurveda 34/1-6

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

PREFACE As mentioned in Bhagvatgeeta, Arjun asked to lord Krishna, चञ्चलंहिमन: कृष्णप्रमाथिबलवद्दृढम ् | तस्यािंननग्रिंमन्येवायोरिवसद ु ष्ु किम ् || 34|| Bhagvat Geeta 6/34

The mind is very restless, turbulent, strong and obstinate, O Krishna. It appears to me that it is more difficult to control than the wind. In today’s era every one is affecting by psychological problem that is stress, from the childhood to last of his or her life. Stress is a main cause which is affecting all, for example: children’s are having stress for their studies, females are more beauty conscious if any bad thing happens then they will be feel depressed, men are tensed to maintain their socio economic status. So if there's any disturbance in these things, they are soon stressed and depressed. All these factors lead to mental illness. As said in our literatures, equilibrium of Mana, indariya, satva, aatma is called shariram. समदोषःसमानननश्चसमधातमलःकरयाः। प्रसननात्प्मेननियमनःस्वस्थइततअशभधीयते॥ Sushrut Samhita Sutrasthana 15/10 Ayurveda mentioned, person is said to be healthy (swasthya), when they enjoy balance between sharirika and manasika dosha, of energies produced in the body (samaganischa), tissues in the organs (samadhatu) combined with proper elimination of mala from our body (malakriya), a happy atma (prasannatma), happy of functioning mind (prasanna manaha) and proper functioning of five senses (sama indriyas). The shloka from the ancient Ayurvedic text Sushrut Samhita begins to give us some interesting tools when looking at our health. This shloka can be divided into two sections and states that both the physical body and the human spirit must both be established in balance in order for true health. WHO says the definition of health, it is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease. So, both the science says that physical health as well as mental health should be considered, then only person can live healthy life. The concept of Manas (mind) is existing since pre-Vedic period in India. In ancient science the basic approach to the concept of health was basically psychosomatic in nature which was related to the state of 6

Music therapy and Ayurveda

equilibrium of physiobiochemical factors namely Dosha, Agni, Dhatu, Mala and a state of well being of mental and spiritual forces( Atma, Indriyas and Manas). Rajas and Tamas are the important factors affecting mind and vata, pitta and kapha are the morbid factors affecting the body. When they are in state of equipoise, the body and mental health is good but when these gunas becomes disturbed, the disease occurs. The Manas Roga Vigyan is a branch of Ayurveda which deals with manas, its disease and treatment. Kama (desire), Krodha (anger), moh(delusion), Bhaya (fear), Shoka (grief), chinta (worry), Irsha (envy), vilap (groaning), lobh (greed) etc. are the Manasika Bhavas which leads to imbalance of mind and intellect. Asatmya indiriya arth sanyog, pradnyapradha and parinaam are the causes of manas roga. These all factors directly or indirectly affects manas (mind) and our body and lastly cause disease. Roga can be shareerika or manashika. If we examine these aetiological factors properly, then we will get same factors in stress which are responsible for psychosomatic disorders also. So, the treatment like Daivavyapasraya Chikitsa, Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, Nidanaparivarjana, Naisthiki Chikitsa, yoga, Relaxation techniques by Music therapy etc. are mentioned in Ayurveda. Afterall, Stress-strain less and cheerful state of mind is necessary for good and healthy life. Ayurveda is a science of life and it is existing since ancient time. Atharva-Veda, describes that mental illness may result from divine curses. Ayurveda is made up with two word that Ayu -age and Veda which is the science that gives life to individuals, (here life should be considered as healthy life). Ayurveda not only deals with the body or physical symptoms but also it give complete knowledge about spiritual, mental and social health. So, it is a qualitative, holistic science of health and longevity, a philosophy and system of healing the whole person's body and mind. The ideal health according to this science is complete balance between the mind, body and soul. In my experience as a Music Therapist and Ayurvedic Health Counselor, I continually see this to be true. A person / patient come to this music therapy session or class with a specific physical ailment they want to address but often find that this work of “whole-being well-being” is operating at many levels.

Dr. Yashashri Vitonde – Karmalkar Date - 10/12/2020

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

CONTENT

NAME OF CHAPTER 1. Basic concept of Ayurveda

PAGE NO. 9-20

2. Concept of Mind (Manas) in Ayurveda 3. Causes of disease 4. Vaidik correlation of Manas and Ayurveda

21-25 26 – 29 30 – 35

5. Music therapy – Adravyabhut Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa

36 – 42

6. Introduction of Indian Classical Music

43 – 45

7. Swar Vigyan

46 – 50

8. Taal Vigyan

51

9. Gaan samay chakra and Mental health

52 – 58

10. Various Raaga’s in various diseases

59 – 62

11. Music and Spirituality

63 – 64

12. Role of Music on Hormonal imbalance

65 – 67

13. Role of Music as Vajikaran (Aphrodisiac)

68 – 70

14. Role of Music in Garbhasanskar (Embryonic development)

71 – 73

15. Role of Music in general well-being

74 – 77

16. Other benefits of Music

78 – 80

17. References

81

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

1. BASIC CONCEPT OF AYURVEDA Introduction Ayurveda (the science of life) is one of the branches of Vedas. It is regarded as upaveda of Atharvaveda but,reallyspeaking,it is a stream of the knowledge coming down from generation to generation since eternity parallel to the vedic literature that is why its emergence has been said to be from the creator (Brahma) himself prior to the creation.It is called eternal because nobody knows when it was not there. All this shows its long tradition and deep attachment to the Indian culture. About Ayurveda Ayurveda ‘the Science of Life’ is a holistic system of medicine from India, which evolved from Brahma sages of Ancient India some 5000 years ago.The principles and philosophy of Ayurveda view man as a complex whole, including our external and internal environments.The principles are derived from universal laws of nature that have changed little through time. With subjective, objective, and intuitive approaches to gaining knowledge, incorporated with a deep understanding of the unseen intelligence of the universe.The practices of Ayurveda have withstood the test of time. Ayurveda defines life ‘Ayuh’ as the intelligent coordination of our four parts, the soul, the mind, the senses, and the body, with the totality of nature and the cosmos. Health is not just a state of the body. We interact with the seasons, planetary changes of the earth, and moon, other planets, as well as orbiting relationships within our lives, our loved ones and friends, co-workers etc. We affect and are affected by every other animate and inanimate thing in existence. Bringing all of this into balance is the key to living healthy.In Ayurveda the whole life’s journey is considered to be sacred. Definition of Ayurveda Ayurasminvidyate----------------------------------------------------------. [S.S.-I/15] Ayurveda is that which deals with Ayuh(life) or promotes life-span Ayurveda is that which deals with good, bad, happy and unhappy life, its promoters and nonpromoters, span and nature Sarirendriyasatvatmasamyogodharijivitam------------------------------------------------. [C.S.-I/42]

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

Definition of Ayuh (Life) Satvamatmasariram ca trayamaitattridandavat-----------------------------.[C.S.-I/46] Mind, self and body – these three make a tripod on which the living world stands. That (living body) is Purusa (person), sentient and its location is Ayurveda.

Definition of Sharira (Body) The science of Ayurveda has simplified the organizational layout of the human body into three basic components, Dosha (Body Humours), Dhatu (Tissue) and Mala (Impurities). Doshadhatumalamulam hi sariram----------------------------------------.[S.S.-XV/3] Body is originally composed of doshas, dhatus and malas and as such try to comprehend their characters being delivered hereafter. Pancamahabhootasaririsamayah-------------------------------------. [S.S.-I/22] In this scripture, Purusha is defined as combination of the five great elements and consciousness. The Ayurvedic philosophy says that an individual is bundle of 'spirit', desirous of expressing itself, uses subjective consciousness or Satva to manifest sense organs and a mind. Spirit and mind then project themselves into a physical body, created from the five (Panca) great (maha) eternal elements (bhutas) together called the Pancamahabhutas –which arise from Tamas.The entire science of Ayurveda is based on the “five great elements” (Pancamahabhuta) theory.The sense organs then using Rajas to project from the body into the external world to experience their objects. The body becoming the vehicle of mind, for gratification of senses. The Bhutas combine into 'tridoshas' or bioenergetic forces that govern and determine our health or physical condition. While the three gunas (Rajas; or activity, Tamas or inertia and Satva , which balances the first two) or psychic forces determine our mental and spiritual health. Ayurveda is thus a holistic system of health care that teaches us to balance these energies in order to achieve optimum health and well being. Definition of Health Samadoshahsamagniscasamadhatumalakriyah --------------------------------.[S. S.-XV/ 41] One whose Doshas, Agni and function of Dhatu and Malas are in the state of equilibrium and who has cheerful mind, intellect and sense organs is termed as “Swastha” (Healthy).

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

It is to be said that: Prayojanamcasyaswasthasyasvasthyaraksanamatursyavikaraprasamanam ca….[C.S.-XXX/26]

Aim of Ayurveda The objective of Ayurveda is to protect health of the body and to alleviate disorders in the diseased. Dharmarthakamamoksanamarogyam-------------------------------------------------------.[C.S.-I/16] Disease-free condition is the best source of virtue, wealth, gratification and emancipation while the disease is destroyer of this source , welfare and life itself Subject Matter of Ayurveda Hetulingaousadhgyanamswasthaturaparayanam-------------------------------------------.[C.S.-I/24] Ayurveda provides knowledge of aetiology,symptomatology and therapeutics, best way for both the healthy and the sick,tri-aphormismic, continuing since time immemorial and virtuous which was first known to Brahma the creator. Hitahitamsukhamdukhamayustasyahitahitam-------------------------------------------.[C.S.-I/41] ‘Ayuh’ means the conjunction of body , sense organs, mind and self and is known by the synonyms dhari, jivita, nityaga and anubandha. Salient Features of Ayurveda There are several aspects of this system of medicine which distinguish it from other approaches to health care: 1. Ayurveda describes three fundamental universal energies which regulate all natural processes on both the macrocosmic and microcosmic levels.That is, the same energies which produce effects in the various galaxies and star systems are operating at the level of the human physiology--in our own physiology. These three universal energies are known as the Tridosha. 2. Ayurveda is a complete medical system which recognizes that ultimately all intelligence and wisdom flows from one Absolute source (Paramatma).Health manifests by the grace of the Absolute, acting through the laws of Nature (Prakriti).Ayurveda assists Nature by promoting harmony between the individual and Nature by living a life of balance according to her laws. 3. It focuses on establishing and maintaining balance of the life energies within us,rather than focusing on individual symptoms. 11

Music therapy and Ayurveda

4. It recognizes the unique constitutional differences of all individuals and therefore recommends different regimens for different types of people. Although two people may appear to have the same outward symptoms, their energetic constitutions may be very different and therefore call for very different remedies. 5. Finally, the ancient Ayurvedic physicians realized the need for preserving the alliance of the mind and body and offers mankind tools for remembering and nurturing the subtler aspects of our humanity. Ayurveda seeks to heal the fragmentation and disorder of the mind-body complex and restore wholeness and harmony to all people. 6. To balance the elements and the doshas of the body and the senses, there are many treatments, therapies, and exercises available. To balance the elements of the mind, meditations, mantra, and exercises are often used. Massage and rasayana treatments, along with visualization, pranic breathing, and other practices,allow personal access to intuition, and the innate knowledge of the soul. 7. Ayurveda believes five basic elements Pancamahabhutas (space, air, fire, water and earth) manifest in the human body as three basic humours known as tridoshas(Vata,Pitta and Kapha). These three govern creation, maintenance and destruction of bodily tissues as well as the assimilation and elimination. Each person is born with a unique combination of these doshas which decides their basic constitution called Prakruti. Understanding of each person's Prakruti for deciding their personal diet and exercise pattern, supplements and medicinal herbs, cleansing and rebuilding therapies that is right for them are among the chief methods, Ayurveda employs for the maintenance and restoration of health. Astanga Ayurveda Ayurveda has Eight divisions such asTasyayurvedasyaanyastauh ------------------------------------------------.[C. S.-XXX/28 ] Kayachikitsa (Medicine), Shalakya (dealing with disease of supra-clavicular region- ENT. &Optha.), Shalyapahartrka (dealing with extraction of foreign bodies- Surgery) ,Visha- gara– vairodhika-prasaman (dealing with alleviation of poison, artificial poison and toxic symptoms due to in take of antagonistic substance – Toxicology ), Bhuta Vidya (dealing with Spirit or organisms- Psychiatry Medicine ), Kaumarabhrtya (Pediatrics ), Rasayana (dealing with promotive measures – Rejuvenates ) and Vajikarana ( dealing with Aphrodisiac) Viz. 1.Kayacikitsa (Medicine) 2.Shalakya (Ent. &Optha.) 3.Shalya (Surgery)

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

4.Visha Vigyan (Toxicology) 5.Bhuta Vidya (Psychiatry Medicine) 6.Kaumarabhrutya (Pediatrics) 7.Rasayana (Rejuvenates) 8.Vajikarana (Aphrodisiac)

These can be classified as follows : Promoting Health Rasayana Vajikarana

Curatives / Treatment of diseases Kayachikitsa Shalya Shalakya Kaumarbhritya Agadatantra Bhutavidya

Basic Principles of Ayurveda Basic Principles of Ayurveda comprise of : 1. The Tri GunasThree Fundamental universal energies : viz - Satva, Rajas and Tamas 2. The Pancha Mahabhutas Five basic elements viz.- Akasha (Space), Vayu (Air), Teja or Agni (Fire), Jala (Water) and Prithvi (Earth) 3. The Tri Doshas Three Body Humours viz.-Vata,Pitta and Kapha 4. The Sapta Dhatus Seven types of body tissues viz.- Rasa Dhatu (fluid) , Rakta Dhatu (blood), Mamsa Dhatu (muscle), Meda Dhatu (fat), Asthi Dhatu ( bones), Majja Dhatu (Nervous system) and Shukra Dhatu (Spermatology) 13

Music therapy and Ayurveda

5. The Tridosha Agni Thirteen types of digestive dhatvagni and Pancamahabhutagni

fires

viz.-

Jatharagni (gastric

fire), Sapta

6. The Tri Malas Three types of Body Wastes :viz.- Purisha (faeces), Mutra (urine) and Sweda (sweat).

The PanchaMahabhutas “Mahabhutanikhamvayuragnirapahksitistatha ! shabdahsparsascarupam ca rasogandhaschatadgunah !!”[C.SA.- I/27] The five mahabhutas are Akasha,Vayu, Agni, Ap or jala and Prithvi . viz – Sound, Touch,Vision, Taste and Smell are their properties respectively . According to Ayurveda everything in Universe is composed of the Pancamahabhutas – Akasa (Space), Vayu (Air), Teja or Agni (Fire), Jala (Water) and Prithvi (Earth). Omnipresent, they are mixed in an infinite variety of relative proportions such that each form of matter is distinctly unique. Although each element has a range of attributes, only some get evident in particular situations. Constantly changing and interacting with each other, they create a situation of dynamic flux that keeps the world going. In a simple, single living cell for example the earth element predominates by giving structure to the cell.The water element is present in the cytoplasm or the liquid within the cell membrane. The fire element regulates the metabolic processes regulating the cell. While the air element predominates the gases therein. The space occupied by the cell denoting the Akasha. In the case of a complex, multi-cellular organism as a human being for instance, Akasha corresponds to spaces within the body (mouth, nostrils, abdomen etc.); Vayu denotes the movement (essentially muscular also nervous system ); Agni controls the functioning of enzymes (intelligence, digestive system, metabolism); Jala is in all body fluids (as plasma, saliva, digestive juices); and Prithvi manifests itself in the solid structure of the body (bones, teeth, flesh, hair etc) The Pancamahabhutas therefore serve as the foundation of all diagnosis & treatment modalities in Ayurveda and has served as a most valuable theory for physicians to detect and treat illness of the body and mind successfully.

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Music therapy and Ayurveda

The relationship Pancamahabhutas with Sense organs, its Properties and Actions are as follows :PancaMahabhutas Sense Sensory Organs Faculty Space Ears Sound Air

Fire Water

Earth

Skin

Touch

Properties

Actions

*Creates natural void in the *Produces body ,* No distinct taste softness,lightness and porosity *Light, clear and *Creates dry.*Governs inhalation, dryness,lightness and exhalation,opening and emaciation. closing of eyelids, extension and contraction of joints, locomotion and other motor functions.

*slightly bitter taste Eyes Visual(Sight) *Rough & bright,*Controls *Helps in digestion temperature and luster of ,maturation,improves body colour.*Pungent taste. eye sight Tongue Taste *Cold, heavy fluid,*Slimy, *Imparts fat and sweat by nature glossiness.*Enhances *Sweet &astringent,sour& fluid content & saline taste. purgative

Nose

Smell

*Acts as nutrient, emollient and purgative. *Heavy, immobile, compact *Increases firmness & rough.*Controls organs as & strength of the teeth, nails, flesh,skin, body tendons & muscles.*Sweet nutrient,emollient taste. and purgative

The TriGunas The three gunasSatva,Rajas and Tamas- are the three essential components or energies of the mind.Ayurveda provides a distinct description of people on the basis of their Manasa (psychological) Prakriti (constitution). Genetically determined, these psychological characteristics are dependent on the relative dominance of the three gunas. Trividhamkhalusatvam-suddham, rajasam,tamsamiti----------------------.[C.SA.-IV/36] The psyche is of three types –Pure or Satva, Rajas and Tamasa 15