Livestock Products Technology

Essential Objective Questions of Abattoir practices and Meat Science

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY

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Livestock Products Technology

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO MY FATHER MR. DIGPAL SINGH RAWAT & MY MOTHER SMT. SATESHWRI DEVI WHO ARE CONSTANT SOURCE OF MY MOTIVATION, COURAGE AND DETERMINATION IN LIFE. I TRULY INSPIRING BY SUPPORT OF MY MOTHER WHO ALWAYS GIVE ME STRENGTH IN LIFE

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Livestock Products Technology

Preface This is a second objective question bank of Livestock products technology. The previous book “Essential objective questions of milk products technology and wool science” was appreciated by many colleagues, students, senior and batch mates that motivated me to write another objective question bank of abattoir practices and animal byproducts technology and meat science. This book hold all important questions of unit 3 & unit 4 at BVSc & AH level. I have devoted my time and put all my effort in designing and framing a new patterns of objective questions that asked in different state and competitive examination. I hope that this book will also get the same love and support as of previous one and it would helpful for all readers and enhance their knowledge. I would always be ready to appreciate for any improvement, suggestions and guidance by any of the professional.

Best Regards Dr. Brijmohan Singh Rawat M.V.Sc Livestock Products Technology Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology- Pantnagar Udham Singh Nagar Pincode: 263145 Email: [email protected]

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Livestock Products Technology

Abattoir Type of Abattoir S. No

Type of Abattoir

Size

Livestock Unit

1

Small size abattoir

1- 2 Acre

30,000LU/year

2

Medium size abattoir

2 – 4 Acre

50,000LU/year

3

Large size abattoir

4 – 6 Acre

1,00,000LU/year

Terminology S. No

Animal

Term

1

Steer/ Bullock

A Castrated male bovine at 6 -12 weeks of age

2

Stag

Male bovine castrated late in life

3

Hogget

Lamb in its second year with two permanent incisor

4

Tup/ Ram

A Uncastrated male sheep

5

Wether

A castrated male sheep

6

Gimmer

Female sheep has not yet born a lamb

7

Gilt

Female pig age between after puberty and before farrowing

8

Poussins

A young bird having 0.5kg weight and 23- 28days old

9

Boiling fowl

Bird at the end of their laying life

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Livestock Products Technology

Meat of Different Animals S. No

Animal

Meat

1

Cattle

Beef

2

Buffalo

Cara beef

3

Sheep

Mutton

4

Goat

Chevon

5

Calf

Veal

6

Deer

Venison

7

Horse

Chevaline

8

Pig

Pork

9

Dog

Fragrant

10

Fish

Fish meat

11

Poultry

Chicken

12

Rabbit

Game

20th Livestock Census S. No

Animal

Highest Population

1

Cattle

West Bengal

2

Buffalo

Uttar Pradesh

3

Sheep

Telangana

4

Goat

Rajasthan

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Pig

Assam

6

Poultry

Tamil Nadu

7

Horses & Ponies

Uttar Pradesh

8

Donkey

Rajasthan

9

Mules

Uttarakhand

10

Yak

Jammu & Kashmir

11

Mithun

Arunachal Pradesh

12

Camel

Rajasthan

20th Livestock Census Population of Animals S. No

Animal

Population

1

Total Livestock population in India

536.76 million

2

Total cattle population

193.46 million

3

Total buffalo population

109.85 million

4

Total sheep population

74.26 million

5

Total goat population

148.88 million

6

Total pig population

9.06 million

7

Total poultry population

851.81 million

8

Total horses and ponies

3.4 lakh

9

Total donkey population

1.2 lakh

10

Total mule population

84 thousand

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Total yak population

58 thousand

12

Total mithun population

3.9 lakh

13

Total camel population

2.5 lakh

Age of Slaughter of Different Animals S. No

Animal

Age

1

Cattle

15 – 24 month

2

Buffalo

18 – 24 month

3

Sheep

➢ 12 month

4

Goat

6 month

5

Pig

6 – 7 month

6

Poultry

42 days

7

Calf

< 3 month

8

Bull

24 – 30 month

Breed of Different Animal for Meat Purpose S. No

Poultry

Pig

Goat

1

Cornish

Middle White Yorkshire

Sirohi

(Best in the world)

(Excellent pork breed)

(most heat resistant)

Aseel

Landrace

Malabri

2

(Highest bacon quality)

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Livestock Products Technology

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Kadaknath

Large White Yorkshire (Heaviest breed of pig)

4

Black Bengal (India’s best chevon breed)

Chittagong

Zalawadi

Method of Slaughter S. No

Type of Slaughter

Method

1

Scientific method

Stunning Sticking

2

Ritual method

Sikh/ Jhatka Muslim/ Halal Jews

Method of Stunning Mechanical

Electrical

Chemical

Captive bolt pistol

Alternating current

Oval tunnel method

Free bullet

Water bath stunning

Dip lift system

Concussion stunner

Elther apparatus

Ferris wheel method

Value of Electric Current in Different Animals S. No

Animal

Strength of Current

1

Bulls

430 WS

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2

Cows

285 WS

3

Horse

285 WS

4

Sheep

135 WS

5

Goat

135 WS

Time Required to Insensible by Chemical Method S. No

Animal

Time

1

Sheep

2- 7 sec.

2

Pigs

12 – 30 sec. (Average -18)

3

Cattle

20 – 102 sec. (Average - 55)

Bleeding Time of Different Animals S. No

Animals

Bleeding Time

1

Cattle

6- 9 min.

2

Buffalo

6 – 9 min.

3

Sheep

2 -5 min.

4

Goat

5 min.

5

Pig

6 min.

6

Poultry

45 sec – 2 min.

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Livestock Products Technology

Equipment Used in Meat Industry S. No

Instrument

Uses

1

Elther apparatus

To make unconscious to animal

2

Captive bolt pistol

To desensitized the animal

3

Chicken portioning machine

To make small portion of chicken carcass

4

Meat cutting machine

To cut large animals bone meat pieces

(Band saw) 5

Bowl chopper

To make emulsion and mince of meat

6

Meat grinder

To make coarse particle of meat

7

Bleeding cone

Used to make stable to bird during sticking

8

Meat slicer

Slicing of meat pieces

Water Requirement for Different Animal S. No

Species

Requirements

1

Cattle/Bovine

272 Liter/day/animal

2

Sheep

45 Liter/day/animal

3

Pig

454 Liter/day/animal

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Light Intensity Requirement in Abattoir S. No

Area

Requirement

1

Inspection area & packaging area

540 flux light (50ft candle)

2

Dressing area & working area

220 flux light (20ft candle)

3

Other areas and chilling room area

110 Flux light (10ft candle)

Different Railing System S. No

Type of Line Dressing System

Rate

1

Gravity rail system

10 – 40 animal/hr.

2

Intermittent power system

10 – 75 animal/hr.

3

Continuous powered system

40 -120animal/hr.

4

Canpak system

50 -150 animal/hr.

Ante Mortem Examination S. No

Type of Examination

Judgment

Example

1

General examination

-

PR, HR, RR, RT

2

Detailed examination

Fit for Slaughter (F)

Free from disease

Unfit for slaughter (UF)

TB, Rabies, Tetanus

Suspect (S)

Suspected for critical illness

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Detained animal (D)

Toxic residue

Emergency slaughter (E)

Obturator paralysis, Prolapse, Fracture, Bloat

Ante Mortem Examination S. No

Name of Diseases

Judgment of Veterinarian

1

Tetanus

Unfit (Total Condemned)

2

Rabies

Unfit (Total condemned)

3

Tuberculosis

Unfit (Total condemned)

4

Actinobacillosis

Suspect

5

Actinomycosis

Suspect

6

FMD

Unfit

7

Mastitis

Suspect

8

Black quarter

Unfit for slaughter

9

Salmonellosis

Unfit for slaughter

10

Listeriosis

Acute case- unfit & recovered case- suspect

Judging Scale Points for Beef Examination S.No

Cattle/Buffalo

Points

Goat/Sheep

Points

1

General

40

General

40

2

Hind quarter

33

Hind quarter

23

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3

Fore quarter

22

Fore quarter

12

4

Head

5

Body

20

5

-

-

Head and Neck

5

Total =100

Total =100

Dressing Percentage of Different Animals S. No

Animal

Percentage

1

Poultry

80

2

Pig

65- 70desi & 70 – 75 cross breed

3

Buffalo

57

4

Cattle

55

5

Sheep

48 - 50

6

Goat

43 – 48

Scalding Temperature S. No

Animal

Temperature

Preferable Scalding

1

Poultry

54 - 58

Horizontal

2

Pig

60 – 62

Vertical

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