Weedflora An Illustrative Insight To Non Garden Floras Of Peninsular India - 2

SAM KUZHALANATTU

NOTION PRESS

NOTION PRESS India. Singapore. Malaysia. ISBN 978-1-68487-441-5 This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. No part of this book shall be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The Author of this book is solely responsible and liable for its content including but not limited to the views, representations, descriptions, statements, information, opinions and references [“Content”]. The Content of this book shall not constitute or be construed or deemed to reflect the opinion or expression of the Publisher or Editor. Neither the Publisher nor Editor endorse or approve the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability, accuracy or completeness of the Content published herein and do not make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose. The Publisher and Editor shall not be liable whatsoever for any errors, omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause or claims for loss or damages of any kind, including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage arising out of use, inability to use, or about the reliability, accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in this book.

Dedicated to all nature lovers.

Sincere thanks to Admin. J. M. Garg ji, experts Saroj ji, Paradesi ji, Santhosh ji, Mahadeswara ji and all Members at www.efloraofindia.com those who have identified my plants with continuous appreciation and encouragement. All my work with comments, suggestions and more images can be had from this website.

Cover photo: Sonerila sahyadrica of Melastomataceae Photographed (all images) by Sam Kuzhalanattu Location & Altitude (all plants): near Reserve Forest, Chathamattom, Ernakulam District, (Kochi) Kerala PIN:686671 (1400fsl)

Contents Foreword Preface Family Common Names Local Names 1 Acampe praemorsa 2 Acmella ciliata 3 Actephila excelsa 4 Aeginetia indica 5 Allmania nodiflora var. aspera 6 Allophylus cobbe 7 Ampelocissus indica 8 Andrographis paniculata 9 Aporosa cardiosperma 10 Argostemma quarantena 11 Bacopa monnieri 12 Begonia malabarica 13 Boerhavia erecta 14 Boesenbergia tiliifolia 15 Breynia androgyna 16 Canthium angustifolium 17 Cissus latifolia 18 Cleisostoma tenuifolium 19 Clerodendrum infortunatum 20 Clidemia hirta 21 Commelina suffruticosa 22 Cosmostigma racemosum 23 Cucumis maderaspatanus 24 Cyanotis axillaris 25 Dentella repens 26 Dioscorea bulbifera 27 Dioscorea hispida 28 Elaeocarpus serratus 29 Emilia sonchifolia 30 Eriocaulon xeranthemum 31 Evolvulus glomeratus 32 Globba marantina 33 Gomphandra coriacea 34 Grewia umbellifera 35 Gymnostachyum febrifugum

vi vii ix x xii 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 112 115 118 121 124 127

36 Holarrhena pubescens 37 Impatiens minor 38 Indigofera tinctoria 39 Ipomoea triloba 40 Ixora malabarica 41 Justicia neesii 42 Leea indica 43 Leucas biflora 44 Leucas zeylanica 45 Lindernia ciliata 46 Lindernia oppositifolia 47 Lindernia ruellioides 48 Luisia zeylanica 49 Meiogyne ramarowii 50 Melicope lunu-ankenda 51 Miquelia dentata 52 Murdannia loriformis 53 Murdannia pauciflora 54 Mussaenda frondosa 55 Ocimum × Africanum 56 Ocimum gratissimum 57 Phalaenopsis deliciosa 58 Physalis angulata 59 Plectranthus idukkianus 60 Pyrrosia heterophylla 61 Rhopalephora scaberrima 62 Salacia fruticosa 63 Senegalia pennata 64 Smilax wallichii 65 Sonerila sahyadrica 66 Spermacoce articularis 67 Stemodia verticillata 68 Strobilanthes hamiltoniana 69 Tetracera akara 70 Thottea duchartrei 71 Theriophonum infaustum 72 Xanthophyllum flavescens 73 Utricularia striatula 74 Zehneria bodinieri 75 Zingiber nimmonii Reference

130 133 136 139 142 145 148 151 154 157 160 163 166 169 172 175 178 181 184 187 190 193 196 199 202 205 208 211 214 217 220 223 226 229 232 235 238 241 244 247 250

Foreword I appreciate Mr. Sam Kuzhalanattu for his efforts to prepare a good reference book on non-cultivated medicinal plants. His efforts on exploring wild plants and the ability to capture their images as full foliage is something that deserves much praise. Images are very beautiful, attractive and arranged appropriately. It is his second book in this series. May God be with him in every steps he takes. My sincere wishes to strive forward. K. S. Sreekala, Senior English Lecturer, SNMVHSS, Vannappuram, Thodupuzha, Kerala, 20th October, 2021.

Preface It is a great thing in our life to identify medicinal plants. but it is quite difficult, and enjoying the flowers of these plants is interesting. It is my second book in this series to know better about non garden medicinal plants. We need more curiosity to explore medicinal plants from flowering to seeding, with grace of God, I could observe all these. However, most of the medicinal plants are wild and declining from our sightings because of various reasons. These wild plants' contribution in keeping the environment stable is very vast. In the past era, wild medicinal plants were an integral part of our ancestors. Their ailments were cured by using these wild plants, so they had great knowledge about medicinal values of almost all plants and widely planted them. The sad thing is that the new generation is unaware of the value of medicinal plants, even its names. In these circumstances we have taken keen interest to know about medicinal plants and must propagate them very carefully. The book is foreword by the eldest daughter of wellknown writer Hon' Sri. Pala Sreedharan (1938-1987). Text matter of this book is very simple and lucid. It is set up with family names, common names and local names with botanical names of plants for easy access. CAUTION: Medicinal uses are those included in traditional practices such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Marma, Massage, Folklore etc. are meant only for

information; NOT FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSE, if used without proper advice, may lead to health hazards. I hope that everyone can enjoy this book, thank you. Sam Kuzhalanattu, 20th October, 2021.

Family Names 1. Acanthaceae 2. Amaranthaceae 3. Annonaceae 4. Apocynaceae 5. Araceae 6. Aristolochiaceae 7. Asteraceae 8. Balsaminaceae 9. Begoniaceae 10. Celastraceae 11. Commelinaceae 12. Convolvulaceae 13. Cucurbitaceae 14. Dilleniaceae 15. Dioscoreaceae 16. Elaeocarpaceae 17. Eriocaulaceae 18. Fabaceae 19. Icacinaceae 20. Lamiaceae 21. Lentibulariaceae 22. Linderniaceae 23. Malvaceae 24. Melastomataceae 25. Nyctaginaceae 26. Orchidaceae 27. Orobanchaceae 28. Phyllanthaceae 29. Plantaginaceae 30. Polypodiaceae 31. Rubiaceae 32. Rutaceae 33. Sapindaceae 34. Smilacaceae 35. Solanaceae 36. Stemonuraceae. 37. Vitaceae 38. Xanthophyllaceae 39. Zingiberaceae

8,35,41,68 5 49 22,36 71 70 2,29 37 12 62 21,24,52,53,61 31,39 23,74 69 26,27 28 30 38,63 51 19,43,44,55,56,59 73 45,46,47 34 20,65 13 1,18,48,57 4 3,9,15 11,67 60 10,16,25,40,54,66 50 6 64 58 33 7,17,42 72 14,32,75

Common Names Aerial Yam African Basil Air Potato Angel Grass Anil Asian Zehneria Asiatic Bitter Yam Assam Indigo Bandicoot Berry Beijing Grass Bengal Indigo Bitter Oleander Bristly Bryony Bristly Buttonweed Brittle Tiger Orchid Button Fern Catbriers Cavessi Bark Ceylon Leucas Ceylon Olive Chakrani Chinese Rain Bell Climbing Acacia Climbing Wattle Clove Basil Common Begonia Common Leucas Common Small Justicia Coneru Creat Creeping Cradle Plant Creeping Lickstoop Cupid’s Shaving-brush Curved-stem Ginger Cylindrical Leaf Luisia Dayflower Dewflower Dhobi Tree Duckbill Pimpernel Dwarf Morning Glory Dysentery Rose Bay Easter Tree Elamabei Emile Bodinieri Zehne.

26 56 26 52 38 74 27 68 42 52 38 36 23 66 1 60 64 36 44 28 70 68 63 63 56 12 44 41 36 8 24 25 29 75 48 53 53 54 47 31 36 36 59 74

Narrow Leaved Cant.. 16

Erect Boerhavia Erect Spiderling Erect Tar Vine Feather Acacia Fever Gymnostachyum Flag Bush Flora’s Paintbrush Forest Ghost Flower Fringed False Pimpernel Fringedpod Toothache Plant Ghat Crossberry Golden Berry Greenbriers Green Chiretta Green Milkweed Creeper Green Penny Fern Ground Berry Guatemalan Indigo Hairy Slitwort Herb of Grace Hill Glory Bower Hoary Basil Husk Tomato Indian Blue Bell Indian Broomrape Indian Echinacea Indian Indigo Indian Pennywort Intoxicating Yam Ivory Tree Japanese Beard Fern King Of Bitters Koster’s Curse Koster’s Curse Kurchi Bark Lemon Basil Lesser Balsam Little Bell Madras Pea Pumpkin Malabar Fingersop Malabar Ixora Maranti's Swan Flower Matchbox Tree Moneywort

13 13 23 63 35 54 29 4 45 2 34 58 64 8 22 60 58 38 45 11 19 55 58 68 4 8 38 11 27 36 60 8 20 20 36 55 37 39 23 49 40 32 50 11

Star Gooseberry

15

Narrow-le. Soap Pod 63 Nilgiri Actephila 3 Nilgiri Fingerroot 14 Nilgiri Orchid Ginger 14 Node Flower Allmania 5 Oblong Leaf Salacia 62 Pink Convolvulus 39 Pink Strobilanthes 68 Pipewort 30 Pona Berry 58 Prickly-ivys 64 Purple Sow Thistle 29 Ram Tulsi 56 Redst.Wild Grapevine 7 Red Tasselflower 29 Rough Dayflower 61 Sandpaper Vine 69 Saraswaty’s Leaf 19 Sarsaparilla 64 Schizo Mussaenda 54 Severalflower Dewflo. 52 Shrubby Basil 56 Shrubby Dayflower 21 Siamese Yellowleaf 72 Small-leaved Indigo 38 Soapbush 20 South-Indian Argoste. 10 Spiderwort 53 Spindlepod 13 Spreading Dayflower 24

Sticky Glory Bower 19 Strap Leaf Dewflower 52 Striped Bladderwort 73 Sun Berry 58 Sweet Leaf Bush 15 Tellicherry Bark 36 Tender Leaf C. Mouth Orchid 18 Terete Leaf Luisis 48 The Delicate Phalaenopsis 57 Three-lobed Morning Glory 39 Thyme-leaved Gratiola 11 Tiger Root Yam 27 True Indigo 38 Two-Flowered Leucas 43 Vein Leaf Acanthus 68 Vitamin Green 15 Water Hyssop 11 Waterwillow 41 White Angel 36 White Flag 54 White Lady 54 White Rag Plant 54 Whorled Twintip 67 Wild Basil 56 Wild Cucumber 74 Wild Indigo 38 Wild Mussaenda 54 Wild Olive Tree 28 Woody Salacia 62 Yellow Dancing Girl Ginger 32

Local Names HINDI Aankuribankuri Bedina Bhant Biswal Gwalakakri Harachirayata Hirankhuri Indrajau Kadukanda Kana Karukand

4 54 19 63 23 8 29 36 26 24 27

Kukurjihwa Madanaghanti Musmusa Nilika Nirbrahmi Ram Tulsi Ramtulsi Shankupushpi Shweta Tulatipati Vishnukraanthi

42 66 74 38 11 56 55 31 13 58 31

KANNADA Athakunge Belloti Bilisuri Chakraani Chitikigadde Elikivisoppu Gadhapatri Gharahoovugida Guddehannu Hamdigenasu Hasirubuddesoppu Hennuneeli Hucchuthumbe Ibbane Kaaduseege Kaadushunti Vajigandha

28 54 34 15 35 29 42 22 58 26 5 38 44 19 63 75 39

Kirubrahmi Koodsaloo Madanagamti Manitonde Marabale Maralu Mugali Murelebemde Negalukannesoppu Nelabevu Nimmatulasi Ramkasturi Sambharaballi Sarali Shankupushpi Sonehoo Vishnukraanthi

11 36 66 23 1 72 50 6 24 8 56 55 7 9 31 37 31

MALAYALAM Alpam Avil Bhasmavalli Bolankandi Brahmi Chakkimaram

70 28 34 27 11 33

Mukkannanpeazhu Mukkappiri Mulakumaram Mushumushukkaaya Muyalcheviyan Naashakam

6 23 6 23 29 50

Chembravalli Chenkummaatti Cheriyanjarinjanpuli Cherukuravu Cherumaneli Chottamaram Chuckrumanicheera Chunnambuvalli Eachil9Njazhuka Eakanayakam Janaamkolli Kaaramavu Kaarinja Kaattappa Kaattuchempakam Kaattuchethi Kaattukaachill Kaattukaara Kaattuthrithavu Kaattuthulasi Kalpuli Kambilichedi Kampili Kanala Karappachotti Karelvegam Karppurathulasi Kayyalapuli Keeripoo Kiriyathu Kodasheari Kokkivalli Kotili Kottavalli Krishnapoovu Kudakapaala Kudalchurukki Kuppamaniyan Kurinji Kuttivayana Maavumaravaazha Madakka

7 23 12 40 25 33 15 17 42 62 12 28 63 59 50 40 26 16 56 56 65 33 50 50 69 70 55 12 4 8 70 34 9 69 73 36 66 2 68 70 18 72

Naattachuri Naavuneetti Nallakaara Nannalvalli Neelayamari Nilamuthiyila Nilaveppu Njallu Njottanjodiyan Onathaaru Paarakoorkka Paarapoovu Pachachedi Palluvedanachedi Pannikizhangu Panthalmaram Parathaali Pattuvally Peerippoo Peruku Podikkizhanghu Ponkarandi Punarnava Rakthasuri Ramathulasi Rudraksham Shankupushpi Thaalimaravaazha Thaalipullu Tharuthavel Thavasimuringa Thazhuthaama Theeppettimaram Theyincha Thiruthaaii Thumba Upputhaali Vattapperuvalam Vattolam Vattuvalli Vellackacheera Vellamkudi

66 35 28 69 38 35 8 42 58 37 59 73 10 2 26 49 54 69 69 19 27 62 13 12 56 28 31 1 21 66 70 13 50 63 39 44 1 19 22 22 5 37