R

Objective

Environmental

Sciences A comprehensive book for UGC/ICAR-NET, UPSC, PCS, Banking, CPCB and other Recruitment and Entrance Examinations

Dr. B.B. Singh

R. Gupta’s®

Objective

A Comprehensive Book for UGC-NET, FCI, SSC, RRB, UPSC, PCS, Banking, CTET and Other Recruitment and Entrance Examinations

by Dr. B.B. Singh

Published by O.P. Gupta for Ramesh Publishing House Admin. Office 12-H, New Daryaganj Road, Opp. Officers’ Mess, New Delhi-110002 23261567, 23275224, 23275124 E-mail: [email protected] For Online Shopping: www.rameshpublishinghouse.com Showroom Balaji Market, Nai Sarak, Delhi-6 23253720,23282525 4457, Nai Sarak, Delhi-6, 23918938 © Reserved with the Publisher No Part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any transformation storage and retrieval system without written permission from the Publisher. Indemnification Clause: This book is being sold/distributed subject to the exclusive condition that neither the author nor the publishers, individually or collectively, shall be responsible to indemnify the buyer/user/possessor of this book beyond the selling price of this book for any reason under any circumstances. If you do not agree to it, please do not buy/accept/use/ possess this book.

Book Code: R-1203 ISBN: 978-81-7812-908-2 15th Edition: June, 2021 HSN Code: 49011010

CONTENTS 1. General Environmental Sciences ............................................... 3–28 2. Population and Biotic Community ........................................... 29–56 3. Biosphere .................................................................................. 57–68 4. Ecosystem: Structure and Function ........................................ 69–92 5. Biotic Resources ..................................................................... 93–111 6. Ecology and Ecological Factors .......................................... 112–134 7. Ecological Succession.......................................................... 135–149 8. Energy and Environment ...................................................... 150–162 9. Water Pollution ..................................................................... 163–171 10. Air Pollution .......................................................................... 172–185 11. Soil: Characteristics and its Pollution ................................ 186–205 12. Noise Pollution ...................................................................... 206–207 13. Waste and its Management .................................................. 208–211 14. Pesticide Pollution ................................................................ 212–217 15. Radiation and Environment .................................................. 218–223 16. Biodiversity and its Conservation ....................................... 224–250 17. Environmental Biotechnology .............................................. 251–278 18. Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Auditing and Statistics ............................... 279–291 19. Environmental Legislation ................................................... 292–294 (iii)

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OBJECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

1 GENERAL : ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 1. Environmental Studies are very important for : (a) getting clean drinking water (b) hygienic living conditions (c) clean and fresh air (d) All of the above

(a) 1986 (c) 1999

(b) 1988 (d) 2004

8. The criteria for the selection of species under ex-situ conservation is/are : (a) vulnerability of the species of extinction (b) ecological importance of the species (c) economic and aesthetic importance of the species (d) All of the above

2. Which of the following is telling us what we should and should not do–what is right and wrong, good and bad–within the context of a certain ethical system? (a) Philosophical ethics (b) Normative ethics (c) Descriptive ethics (d) None of the above

9. The establishment of national parks and sanctuaries came under : (a) in-situ conservation of biodiversity (b) ex-situ conservation of biodiversity (c) Natural development Plan of Biodiversity (d) All of the above

3. The different levels of environmental and conservation awareness are : (a) Pollution and Environmental degradation (b) Consumption overpopulation (c) Sustainable earth (d) All of the above

10. Which is NOT a controlling method of Eutrophication? (a) The wastewater must be treated before its discharge into water streams (b) It can be minimised by removing nitrogen and phosphorus at the source (c) Physico-chemical methods can be adopted (d) Algal bloom release toxic chemicals during eutrophication

4. Which is not correctly matched regarding the use of total energy? (a) Transportation o 31.2% (b) Domestic works o 13.7% (c) Agriculture o 62.3% (d) All of the above 5. Which of the following is still a very important source of energy for millions of Indians living in villages? (a) Oil (b) Coal (c) Fossil fuels (d) Fuel wood

11. Major pollutants of motor vehicular emission in India are : (a) Oxides of nitrogen and lead (b) Diesel particulates and carbon monoxide (c) Ozone and carbon dioxide, other toxics (d) All of the above

6. The characteristic/s of a community is/are : (a) diversity (b) periodicity (c) dominance (d) All of these

12. Environmental GIS describes the use of : (a) data on atmospheric absorption of radiation

7. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) was established in : 3

4 + Objective Environmental Sciences (b) locations based data management tools to assist in the decision making processes (c) electromagnetic waves in specific regions (d) None of the above 13. MIC and Chemobyl tragedies occurred at : (a) Bhopal 1984, Ukraine 1990 (b) Bhopal 1984, Ukraine 1988 (c) Bhopal 1984, Ukraine 1986 (d) Bhopal 1986, Russia 1988 14. Exposure to UV radiations cause : (a) damage to eye sight (b) sun burn (c) cancer of skin (d) All of the above 15. Sewage water treatment that involves bacteria is called : (a) Primary treatment (b) Activated sludge treatment (c) Tertiary treatment (d) Cyclic treatment 16. Indoor Pollution is due to : (a) Lead from newspaper and ceramic crockery (b) Formaldehyde from furniture (c) Ozone and acid aerosols in smog (d) All of the above 17. Sewage water is purified for recycling by the action of : (a) Light (b) Micro-organisms (c) Eichhornia aquatic plants (d) Fishes 18. Disappearance of fish from water bodies indicate excess of......... in water. (a) Zn (b) Hg (c) Fluoride (d) P 19. The most common indicator organism that represents polluted water is : (a) Escherichia coli (b) Vibrio cholerae (c) Entamoeba coli (d) Entamoeba histolytica 20. Positive pollution of soil is due to : (a) reduction in soil productivity

(b) addition of wastes in soil (c) excessive use of fertilizers (d) All of the above 21. Air pollution effects are mostly found on : (a) leaves (b) flowers (c) stems (d) roots 22. Which one among the following chemicals is used for causing defoliation of forest trees? (a) Amo 1618 (b) Phosphon D (c) Malic Hydrazide (d) 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 23. Which chemicals are washed out in large amounts by fertilizers in water supply? (a) Nitrites (b) Nitrates (c) Sulphates (d) Phosphates 24. Most important causative pollutant in soil is : (a) Plastic (b) Glass junk (c) Iron Junk (d) Detergents 25. Use of lichens and Nerium in case of pollution is : (a) Treatment of polluted water (b) Promote Pollution due to SO2 (c) Bioindicators of SO2 Pollution (d) Green muffler 26. In leaded petrol, antinocking agent is tetramethyl/tetraethyl lead. In unleaded petrol, this agent is : (a) Methyl-ethyl ether (b) Propane (c) Methyl tertiary butyl ether (d) Dibromomethane 27. Lead in petroleum is present in the form of tetraethyl and tetramethyl lead in automobile exhausts, it is released as (a) nitrates of lead (b) oxides of lead (c) pure lead (d) chlorides of lead 28. Green Petrol is : (a) Leaded petrol (b) Unleaded petrol (c) Gasohol (d) Low sulphur Diesel

General : Environmental Sciences +5 29. Photochemical smog related to air pollution is related to : (a) oxides of sulphur (b) oxides of nitrogen (c) oxides of oxygen (d) oxides of carbon 30. Ecofriendly detergents do not contain : (a) PO4 and bleaches (b) alcohols (c) water softners (d) Fluorescers 31. Choose the correct pair : (a) CNG : Ecofriend (b) Land scape pollution by throwing garbage and rubbish over land: Third pollution (c) Ground water pollution due to seepage of sewage and toxic chemicals. Third poison (d) All of these 32. Ganga Action Plan to restore the quality of the river Ganga was launched in : (a) 1988 (b) 1992 (c) 1985 (d) 1981 33. When was NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act) enforced in India? (a) 1968 (b) 1969 (c) 1985 (d) 1959 34. The newspaper contains one of the following toxic materials : (a) Cd (b) Pb (c) Mg (d) Hg 35. The first indoor pollutant from furniture of which the masses became aware? (b) Formaldehyde (a) CO2 (c) Radon (d) Ozone 36. Which is the major source of harmful radiations in the house? (a) Tubelight (b) Colour TV (c) Oven (d) Heater 37. Ceramic crockery of substandard quality could become a source of pollutant if food taken in it. This pollutant is :

(a) Cd (c) Cr 38.

(b) Pb (d) Hg

Some times secondary pollutants like Ozone, PAN (Peroxy acyl nitrate), HNO3 , H2SO4 formed from primary pollutants are more toxic than primary pollutants. This phenomenon of increased toxicity in pollutants is called : (a) Biomagnification (b) Eutrophication (c) Synergism (d) Green house effect

39. Which one is not produced as exhaust of vehicle? (b) CO2 (a) SO2 (c) CO (d) flyash 40. In air pollution, industries are : (a) line sources (b) point sources (c) area sources (d) diffuse sources 41. Carbon monoxide is a pollutant as it : (a) Inactivates nerves and cause numbness (b) Inhibits Glycolysis (c) Combine with oxygen and shift oxygen dissociation curve (d) Combines with Haemoglobin and cause haemolysis 42. Which of the following pollutant forms a toxic and stable substance in blood by combining with haemoglobin? (a) CO2 (b) CO (d) O2 (c) CH4 43. Carbon monoxide is harmful for man because : (a) it is carcinogenic (b) it damages kidney (c) it competes with oxygen in blood (d) it changes pH of body 44. CO2 contents in air is about : (a) 0.34% (b) 4% (c) 3.34% (d) 0.034% 45. Level of CO2 in atmosphere has increased from : (a) 270 to 340 ppm (b) 250 to 300 ppm (c) 300 to 350 ppm (d) 330 to 350 ppm

6 + Objective Environmental Sciences 46. One of the important effects of SO2 and its transformation products on plants is : (a) Plasmolysis (b) Destruction of chlorophyll (c) Destruction of Golgi bodies (d) Destruction of cell wall 47. Taj Mahal is threatened due to the effect of : (a) chlorine (b) sulphur dioxide (c) oxygen (d) hydrogen 48. Lichen deserts indicate : (a) Air pollution due to CO (b) Air pollution due to SO2 (c) Pollution due to smoke (d) Noise pollution 49. Lichens are best ecological indicator of : (a) air pollution (b) water pollution (c) noise pollution (d) All of these 50. Lichens have disappeared from cities because they are highly susceptible to : (b) O3 (a) CO2 (c) NO2 (d) SO2 51. Rao and Le Balance found that SO2 destroy lichens and moss completely. It lowers pH and causes loss of Mg++ from chlorophyll. This forms a compound which results in chlorosis. This compound formed after loss of Mg++ is called : (a) Etiolin (b) Protochlorophyll (c) Phaeophytin (d) Leucoplast 52. Nowadays, the buses of Delhi are running on : (a) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) (b) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) (c) Compressed Lead Gas (CLG) (d) High Speed Diesel (HSD) 53. The composition of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is : (a) CH4, C2H6 and C4H8 and other gases (b) CH4, (CO + H2) (c) CO + N2 (d) LPG + H2 54. The favourable points of CNG over LPG is/are : (a) CNG is stored at high pressure whereas LPG is stored at very low temperatures

(b) Liquefication of LPG makes this fuel more complex to store whereas storage and distribution of CNG is easy (c) CNG is less expensive than LPG (d) All of the above 55. Which of the following is promoting natural disasters over 70%? (a) Pollution (b) Urbanisation (c) Delhi Metro (d) Rivers overflowing 56. The most efficient cause/s of wastage and degeneration of fresh water resources is/are : (a) Reckless over-consumption and misuse (b) Pollution and Natural water and its Eutrophication (c) Pollution and depletion of underground water table (d) All of the above 57. Match the following : Column A A. Biological digestion

1.

B. Pyrolysis

2.

C. Composting

3.

Codes : A (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3

B 2 3 1 2

Column B Process of conversion of cellulosic materials to useful byproduct Destructive dissolution Biological decomposition

C 3 1 3 1

58. The important steps which are to be followed in Rainwater harvesting from roof : (a) Collection of rain water (b) Separation of first rain flush (c) Filtration and storage of rain water and then distribution (d) All of the above

General : Environmental Sciences +7 59. Human activities that are responsible for polluting the stratospheric ozone : (a) Combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter (b) Excessive use of nitrogen fertilisers (c) Excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons (d) All of the above 60. Land use planning must aim at : (a) minimal loss (b) acceptable income (c) both of the above (d) None of the above 61. The Ministry of Environment and Forests classified how many categories of biomedical waste? (a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 51 62. A synergistic chemical is : (a) that pose a major danger in combustion (b) that do not major danger (c) that pose dangers in combination with water (d) a highly combustible chemical 63. The most important cause for the loss of biodiversity is : (a) global warming (b) climate change (c) ozone depletion (d) None of these 64. A nation’s natural resources often determine its wealth and status in world economic system by determining its : (a) industrial development (b) wealth (c) air pollution (d) political influence 65. Critical information for land use planning is : (a) depth of the soil (b) materials used (c) slope of the land (d) drainage features 66. The important tool for controlling soil erosion : (a) cropping system (b) vegetation (c) water fall in year (d) underground soil

67. Sewage infection of water can be demonstrated by presence of cysts of : (a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Escherichia coli (c) Entomoeba coli (d) Plasmodium vivax 68. Which pigment protects plants from UV radiation damage? (a) chlorophyll (b) xanthophyll (c) carotenoids (d) phycocyanin 69. Ecofriendly method is : (a) Energy plantation (b) Use of CNG (c) Van Mahotsava (d) All of the above 70. Euro I and Euro II (also called Bharat II in India) designates are given to petrol driven cars from June 1999 and April 2000 respectively. They are related to following : (a) hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide (b) carbon monoxide (c) particulate matter (d) All of the above 71. Ozone Day, World Environment Day and National Pollution Prevention Day are celebrated respectively : (a) June 5, Sept. 16, Oct. 21 (b) June 5, Sept. 16, Dec. 2 (c) Sept. 16, June. 5, Dec. 28 (d) Sept. 16, June. Dec. 2 72. Chlorofluorocarbons are major depleter of ozone layer in stratosphere. They split to release chlorine. One atom of chlorine converts how many molecules of ozone into oxygen? (a) 1 lakh (b) 2 lakh (c) 40 lakh (d) 1 million 73. Green Muffler is planting of trees and shrubs to reduce noise pollution. It is done : (a) on wastelands (b) along roads (c) along canals (d) on the slopes of hills 74. Yamuna Action plan was started in : (a) Dec. 1997 (b) Dec. 1999 (c) Dec. 1996 (d) Dec. 2001

8 + Objective Environmental Sciences 75. Kyoto Conference in Japan on 11.12.1997 on climate changes summit was related to : (a) reduce automobile emission (b) to cut emission of green house gases (c) to reduce soil pollution due to plastics (d) to reduce chances of Gulf wars 76. Reasons of lung cancer is : (a) Asbestos (b) Calcium fluoride (c) Cement factory (d) Bauxite mining 77. Melanin protects from : (a) UV rays (b) visible rays (c) Infra red rays (d) X-rays 78. Which of the following is absent in polluted water : (a) hydrilla (b) water hyacinth (c) larva of stone fly (d) blue green algae 79. Escherichia coli is used as an indicator organism to determine pollution of water with : (a) industrial effluents (b) pollen of aquatic plants (c) heavy metals (d) faecal matter 80. Fluoride pollution mainly affects : (a) teeth (b) kidney (c) brain (d) heart 81. Cyclone collector is used to minimise : (a) radioactive pollution (b) air pollution (c) noise pollution (d) water pollution 82. Water pollution can be controlled by : (a) having septic tanks for each house (b) checking mixing of industrial waste with water bodies (c) use of degradable pesticides (d) All of the above 83. Green muffler is specific for : (a) reducing smog (b) sound insulation (c) preventing haze formation (d) reducing ground frost 84. Plantation of rows of trees along roads sides, rails, residential complexes, hospitals and institutes is known as :

(a) shelter belt (c) wind break

(b) green muffler (d) both (a) and (c)

85. Good urban land management consists in : (a) leaving large land depressions unfilled (b) creation of gardens and parks (c) growing broad green belts (d) All of the above 86. Bregoil is a product similar to saw dust prepared from waste of paper industry is used to control : (a) marine pollution (b) air pollution (c) land pollution (d) noise pollution 87. Good water management consists in : (a) Identification of aquifers and their judicious exploitation (b) Recycling sewage water (c) Prevention of flow of effluents into nearby water streams (d) All of the above 88. A crop helpful in Dryland reclamation is : (a) sunflower (b) paddy (c) sugarcane (d) cotton 89. Catalytic converter brought down air pollution by automobiles by : (a) converting CO to CO2 (b) N2O to N2 (c) Complete oxidation of hydrocarbons (d) All of the above 90. Pollutants originate from sources like : 1. Automobile exhausts 2. Fuel 3. Combustion of coal 4. Smog Tick out the source of emission of carbon monoxide (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) All of these 91. Due to attack of fumes of SO2 and H2SO4, the marble (CaCO3) of Taj Mahal and Red stone of Red Fort changed into calcium sulphate which is bulky and cause :

General : Environmental Sciences +9 (a) stone leprosy (c) corrosion

(b) stone mosaic (d) None of these

92. At petrol filling stations, workers feel headache, giddiness and sleeplessness. It is due to a chemical that emitted from petrol. It is : (a) Benzene (b) Ozone (c) Aldehydes (d) Chlorides 93. An ozone depleting agent being used in fire extinguishers is (a) Nitrogen oxide (b) Halon (c) Chlorofluoro carbon (d) Methyl bromide 94. Which of the following is pollutant as well as protectant (b) Ozone (a) CO2 (c) CFC (d) PAN 95. Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are important pollutants of : (a) air (b) water (c) both (a) and (b) (d) soil 96. Some of the chemicals commonly used these days are : 1. DDT 2. Dieldrin 3. DDE 4. Endrin Those which pass from mother to the foetus through placenta are : (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 and 1 97. Plants like Allium cepa. Zea mays, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivm and Medicago sativa absorb the natural pollutants. Which of the following pollutant(s) is absorbed by these : (b) CO (a) CO2 (d) SO2 (c) NO2 98. The types of gully erosion that create problems on agricultural lands are : (a) U-and V-gullies (b) X-and Y-gullies (c) runoff diversions (d) All of these

99. The effective planning of soil erosion control is : (a) developing the best source of action to reduce the movement of soil from crop fields (b) selecting the middle course of action (c) performing the complementary course of action (d) All of the above 100. The Sardar Sarovar Project will provide irrigation to : (a) 2 million hectares of land (b) 4 million hectares of land (c) 10 million hectares of land (d) 6 million hectares of land 101. The Sardar Sarovar Dam Project is located at : (a) Bhagirathi river (b) Narmada river (c) Bhramaputra river (d) Kaveri river 102. Planning for erosion control must have : (a) extent of erosion (b) runoff diversions (c) location of waterways and drainage (d) All of these 103. Who amongst the following formed Narmada Bachow Andolan? (a) S.L. Bahuguna (b) Medha Patkar (c) Arundhati Roy (d) Javed Ali 104. The true statement is/are : (a) India is not a signatory to Kyoto protocol (b) Sardar Sarovar Project will threaten the livings of more than 150,000 people (c) Tehri dam project envisages the generation of 2500 MW of electricity (d) All of the above 105. The opposite effects of Tehri dam is : (a) 110 villages have been affected (b) 35 villages in Koteshwar will be fully submerged (c) Relocation of Tehri dam (d) It envisages the generation of large amount of electricity 106. Which is a ozone depleting? (b) CFC-12 (a) N2 O (c) CFC-11 (d) All of these

10 + Objective Environmental Sciences 107. The Supreme Court of India issued a directive that requires all the buses of New Delhi will run on Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in the year : (a) 1998 (b) 1999 (c) 2000 (d) 2002

116. Sewage water can be made fit for drinkable/ recycling with the help of : (a) hydrophytes (b) microorganisms (c) fishes (d) alum and sodium hypochlorite

108. High concentration of pollution in India is due to : (a) absence for sound environmental legal regime (b) lack of environmental enforcement at local level (c) generation of high biomedical wastes (d) All of the above

117. In the treatment of waste water before discharge, which treatment stage involves biological treatment? (a) Primary stage (b) Secondary treatment stage (c) Reverse osmosis (d) Tertiary treatment stage

109. The highest premature deaths in India is mainly due to : (a) Outdoor air pollution (b) Indoor air pollution (c) Both of the above (d) None of the above 110. The Environmental Protection Act was enacted in : (a) 1986 (b) 1985 (c) 1987 (d) 1972 111. Fresh water achieves its greatest density at : (a) 4°C (b) 0°C (c) – 4°C (d) 100°C 112. The regional environmental problem is : (a) desertification (b) ozone depletion (c) climatic changes (d) All of these 113. The major stratospheric ozone layer over Antarctica was discovered in : (a) 1983 (b) 1985 (c) 1987 (d) 1980 114. The most rigorous global environmental issues are : (a) acid rain and air pollution (b) global warming and ozone depletion (c) noise and water pollution (d) All of the above 115. Biological treatment of water pollution is done by : (a) lichens (b) fungi (c) phytoplanktons (d) reforestation

118. The best method to dispose night soil is : (a) incineration (b) compositing (c) sewage system] (d) pitting and trenching 119. In activated sludge method of sewage treatment, the BOD of the sewage after biological treatment is reduced by about : (a) 50% (b) 60% (c) 75% (d) 90% 120. For effective chlorination of water, free residual chlorine should be : (a) 0.1-0.2 ppm (b) 0.3-0.4 ppm (c) 0.5-0.6 ppm (d) 0.7-0.8 ppm 121. Of the following types of microbes, which one has been genetically altered to protect crops from frost, marine pollution, organic wastes etc? (a) Pseudomonas (b) Escherichia (c) Thiobacillus (d) Klebsiella 122. The ways to control pollution : (a) cyclones (b) electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers (c) dilution and treatment before disposal and plantation of trees (d) All of these 123. One of the best method to reduce air pollution is growing of plants capable of fixing oxides of nitrogen, C and S and radioactivity. Which plant has maximum power of absorbing CO2 and oxide of nitrogen in a polluted area?

General : Environmental Sciences +11 (a) (b) (c) (d)

Robinia pseudoacacia Phaseolus vulgaris Daucos carota Coleus indica

124. Nitrogen oxide can be absorbed by plants like : (a) Pinus (b) Quercus (c) Junipers (d) All of these 125. Carbon monoxide can be absorbed by plants like : (a) Bean (b) Coleus (c) Carrot (d) All of these 126. Which aquatic animal has been released on a large scale in the Ganga to rid it of waste flesh? (a) Gharial (b) Turtle (c) Dolphin (d) Fishes 127. Activated sludge process is concerned with waste management. It is a : (a) chemical treatment (b) biological treatment (c) mechanical means (d) nuclear means 128. Sewage is broken down in : (a) Primary treatment (b) Secondary treatment (c) Tertiary treatment (d) None of these 129. A sewage treatment process in which a portion of the decomposer bacteria present in the waste is recycled into the beginning of the process, is called : (a) Cyclic treatment (b) Primary treatment (c) Activated sludge treatment (d) Tertiary treatment 130. Superbug claimed to clean up oil slicks in ocean is : (a) Escherichia coli (b) Bacillus thuringenesis (c) Pastueralla pestis (d) Pseudomonas putida 131. NEERI is : (a) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

(b) National Ecological and Environmental Research Institute (c) National Eugenics and Ecological Research Institute (d) National Ethological and Ecological Research Institute 132. Most inhabitants of Kolkata suffer from bronchitis/asthma. It is due to excess of SO2 pollutants in : (a) air (b) water (c) soil (d) adulterated food 133. Death while sleeping in closed room with burning coal furnace is due to : (b) CO (a) CO2 (d) SO2 (c) CCl4 134. Pollution indicators plants are : (a) resistant to pollution (b) purifier of air pollutants (c) sensitive to pollutants (d) can indicate onset of disaster 135. Air (a) (b) (c) (d)

pollution is not caused by : pollen grains automobiles industries hydro-electric power

136. The effect of pollution is first and most marked on : (a) flora of a place (b) biogeochemical cycles (c) natural balance of our environment (d) fauna of an area 137. The major source of pollution upto 80% of total air pollution in metropolitan cities is : (a) automobiles (Traffic)/Transportation (b) coal based industries (c) pesticides (d) radioactivity and noise 138. Major air pollutant is : (b) N2 (a) CO2 (c) SO2 (d) CO 139. Most polluted city of India and world are : (a) Kolkata in India and Tokyo in world (b) Delhi in India and New York in world (c) Mumbai in India and Paris in world (d) None of these

ABOUT THE BOOK The present book ‘Objective Environmental Sciences’, in objective MCQ-format, has been specially developed keeping in mind the requirements of students, exam-aspirants and other readers with academic as well as competitions’ point of view. The book is especially useful for the aspirants of various competitive exams where this subject forms an essential part of the selection criteria. The main aim of the book is to present this specialised subject in an objective and readerfriendly manner to make the readers study and practice numerous questions on its various topics thoroughly which are solved by expert. The book comprises a wide spectrum of question-answers in MCQ form, covering all important topics and frequently asked in various exams. The book will act as an efficient tool to test your knowledge of the subject and preparation of exam. The book will definitely prove to be a boon to the inquisitive students, exam-aspirants, and other readers in improving and enhancing their knowledge of the subject and will immensely help them perform better in their respective exams and competitions. The book is highly recommended for self-practice of objective questions on the subject and to sharpen your problem-solving skills to a great-extent.

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