MCQs in Psychology

MCQs in Psychology For Nursing and Allied Sciences

K Nagaraja Rao MD B Shamshad Begum PhD CY Sudarshan MD Department of Psychiatry JJM Medical College Davangere Karnataka, India

JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi

Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672 Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683 e-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.jaypeebrothers.com Branches • 2/B, Akruti Society, Jodhpur Gam Road Satellite Ahmedabad 380015 Phone: +91-79-30988717 e-mail: [email protected] • 202 Batavia Chambers, 8 Kumara Krupa Road, Kumara Park East Bangalore 560 001, Phones: +91-80-22285971, +91-80-22382956, +91-8030614073 Tele Fax : +91-80-22281761 e-mail: [email protected] • 282 IIIrd Floor, Khaleel Shirazi Estate, Fountain Plaza, Pantheon Road Chennai 600 008, Phones: +91-44-28262665, +91-44-28269897 Fax: +91-44-28262331 e-mail: [email protected] • 4-2-1067/1-3, Ist Floor, Balaji Building, Ramkote Cross Road Hyderabad 500 095, Phones: +91-40-55610020, +91-40-24758498 Fax: +91-40-24758499 e-mail: [email protected] • 1A Indian Mirror Street, Wellington Square, Kolkata 700 013 Phones: +91-33-22456075, +91-33-22451926 Fax: +91-33-22456075 e-mail: [email protected] • 106 Amit Industrial Estate, 61 Dr SS Rao Road, Near MGM Hospital Parel, Mumbai 400 012 Phones: +91-22-24124863, +91-22-24104532, +91-22-30926896 Fax: +91-22-24160828 e-mail: [email protected] • “KAMALPUSHPA” 38, Reshimbag Opp. Mohota Science College, Umred Road, Nagpur 440 009 (MS) Phones: +91-712-3945220, + 91-712-2704275 Fax: +91-712-2704275 e-mail: jpmednagpur @rediffmail.com MCQs in Psychology for Nursing and Allied Sciences © 2006, K Nagaraja Rao, B Shamshad Begum, CY Sudarshan All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by authors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and authors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. First Edition: 2006 ISBN 81-8061-782-3 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., A-14, Sector 60, Noida

Preface Psychology is the study of internal and external behavior. It helps in understanding mental processes, experiences and behavior. Such understanding helps to nurture sensitivity and skills to facilitate personal growth and effectiveness. The knowledge further acts as a catalyst to promote healthier lifestyle, develop effective coping strategies and build strong social relationships. The relevance of psychology is being acknowledged increasingly day by day. Educational, occupational, interpersonal and forensic aspects of psychology have considerable impact on our life. This is being reflected in introduction of psychology as a subject of study in different Management and Vocational courses such as Medicine, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Teachers training, etc. It is also one of the optional paper in civil service examination. MCQs in Psychology helps in recalling important and pertinent points at the shortest time. It also helps in quick revision and self-evaluation of the subject. This book mainly deals with basic principles of different aspects of General Psychology arranged chapterwise. The authors hope that this book will be well received and serves its purpose. K Nagaraja Rao B Shamshad Begum CY Sudarshan

Contents 1. Introduction to Psychology .................................................... 1 2. Methods of Psychology ........................................................ 10 3. Physiological Basis of Behavior .......................................... 18 4. Social Basis of Behavior ....................................................... 35 5. Development of Human Behavior ..................................... 42 6. Emotions ................................................................................ 52 7. Motivation .............................................................................. 61 8 . Perception .............................................................................. 69 9. Thinking ................................................................................ 78 10. Memory .................................................................................. 88 11. Learning ................................................................................. 96 12. Intelligence .......................................................................... 106 13. Personality ........................................................................... 114

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Psychology 1. Greek philosophers defined psychology as: A. Study of soul B. Study of mind C. Study of mind and body D. Both A and B E. None of the above 2. “Psychology is the science of mental life, both of its phenomenon and of their conditions. The phenomenons are such things as we call feelings, desires, cognitions, reasoning, decisions and the like”. This definition was given by: A. John B Watson B. William James C. Norman Munn D. Gustav Fechner E. James Angell 3. “First psychology lost its soul, then its mind, then it lost its consciousness. It still has behavior of sort”. This statement was made by: A. JB Watson B. William Mc Dougall C. RS Woodworth D. Walter Bowers Pillsbury E. Gustav Fechner 4. Which of the following sciences deals with the formation and development of anatomical structure and social problems of primitive men including their culture: A. Philosophy B. Sociology C. Psychology D. Anthropology E. None of the above

1D

2B

3C

4D

2 MCQs in Psychology for Nursing and Other Students 5. The pioneer of structuralism was: A. William James B. Watson C. Kurt Koffka D. Wilhelm Wundt E. Wolfgang Kohler 6. Edward Titchener belongs to which school of psychology: A. Structuralism B. Functionalism C. Behaviorism D. Gestalt psychology E. Comparative psychology 7. Ivan Pavlov influenced which school of psychology: A. Structuralism B. Functionalism C. Behaviorism D. Gestalt psychology E. None of them 8. Psychology which deals with extrasensory perceptions is called: A. Physiological psychology B. Parapsychology C. Geo-psychology D. Experimental psychology E. General psychology 9. Behaviorism was propagated by: A. William James B. Edward Titchener C. John B Watson D. John Dewey E. Aristotle 10. Gestalt school of psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer and assisted by: A. Kurt Koffka B. Wolfgang Kohler C. John B Watson D. Both A and B E. None of the above 11. According to Freud, the basic instinct is: A. Hunger B. Thirst C. Aggression D. Sex E. None of the above 12. Much of man’s behavior is determined by innate instincts that are largely unconscious. This is proposed by: A. BF Skinner B. JB Watson C. Sigmund Freud D. HS Sullivan E. None of the above 5D

6B

7C

8B

9C

10 D

11 D

12 C

Introduction to Psychology 3 13. Fundamentals of physiological psychology was published by Wundt in the year: A. 1864 B. 1874 C. 1970 D. 1890 E. 1885 14. Who among the following propounded the structural school of psychology: A. Kurt Koffka B. JB Watson C. Edward Titchener D. Ernst Weber E. None of the above 15. A developmental psychologist is concerned with: A. Learning and teaching B. Human growth and factors that shape behavior from birth to old age C. Work with students in high schools or universities giving advice D. Both A and B E. None of the above 16. Who was the follower of Freud in the beginning, but later on differed from Freud and was separated from him: A. Alfred Adler B. Harry Sullivan C. CG Jung D. James Angell E. JB Watson 17. The word Gestalt is derived from the language: A. Latin B. Spanish C. German D. French E. Greek 18. Leipzig lab was established by: A. William James C. RB Cattell E. All of them

B. EL Thorndike D. Wilhelm Wundt

19. Which of the following is a branch of pure psychology: A. Abnormal psychology B. Educational psychology C. Clinical psychology D. Legal psychology E. Child psychology 13 B

14 C

15 B

16 C

17 C

18 D

19 A

4 MCQs in Psychology for Nursing and Other Students 20. Analytical psychology was established by: A. Karen Horney B. Harry Stack Sullivan C. Carl Jung D. Sigmund Freud E. Alfred Adler 21. First person to define psychology was: A. William James B. Wilhelm Wundt C. William Mc Dougall D. Ernest Weber E. None of the above 22. Modern definition of psychology is: A. The scientific study of behavior B. A science to control the behavior of the organism C. An investigation of human and animal behavior D. The science of human behavior E. The science of animal behavior 23. Legal psychology is a branch of: A. Experimental psychology C. Basic psychology E. Abnormal psychology

B. Applied psychology D. Clinical psychology

24. Clinical psychology is now the largest field of specialization. Whose concept it is: A. Cates and Lockman B. CT Morgan and RA King C. William James D. Alfred Adler E. Sigmund Freud 25. Psychological methods which can help to solve the practical problems: A. Relaxation training B. Record keeping C. Positive self-statements D. All of the above E. None of the above 26. Which of the following was the first school of psychology: A. Functionalism B. Structuralism C. Gestalt school D. Behaviorism E. Psychoanalysis 20 C

21 C

22 D

23 B

24 B

25 D

26 B

Introduction to Psychology 5 27. Who among the following is/are Neo Freudian: A. Erik Fromm B. HS Sullivan C. Karen Horney D. Both A and B E. All of the above 28. Interaction between the physical world and human behavior was focused by which fields of psychology: A. Educational psychology B. Abnormal psychology C. Environmental psychology D. Physiological psychology E. All of the above 29. Who among the following made experiments on Weber’s Law of Sensory discrimination: A. John Locke B. Gustav Fechner C. David Hume D. Titchener E. HV Helmholtz 30. Who proposed theory of inferiority which is helpful in explaining neurosis in children: A. Freud B. Adler C. Jung D. Sullivan E. Weber 31. Which of the following concepts about human behavior developed from the ideas of existential philosophy: A. Psychoanalysis B. Behaviorism C. Cognitive psychology D. Functional school E. Humanistic school 32. Who among the following had stated that disturbed interpersonal relationship leads to fixity and rigidity and hence to neurotic symptoms: A. Karen Horney B. Harry Sullivan C. Erik Erikson D. Erik Fromm E. Otto Rank 33. Who among the following became famous for the outstanding contributions to the psychology of remembering and forgetting: A. C Spearman B. H Ebbinghaus C. I Pavlov D. BF Skinner E. H Eysenck 27 E

28 C

29 B

30 B

31 E

32 B

33 B

6 MCQs in Psychology for Nursing and Other Students 34. In which of the following we generate theories and discuss principles which find their practical shape in applied psychology: A. General psychology B. Basic psychology C. Developmental psychology D. Clinical psychology E. None of the above 35. Which of the following is a fairly recent but significant branch of present day psychology: A. Psychometric psychology B. Industrial psychology C. Developmental psychology D. Comparative psychology E. Animal psychology 36. Individual psychology was established by: A. Karen Horney B. Harry Stack Sullivan C. Carl Jung D. Alfred Adler E. Erik Erickson 37. Humanistic psychology gives importance to: A. Behavior B. Unconscious C. Free-will of person D. Social values E. Intellectualism 38. One of the founders of cognitive psychology is: A. Edward C Tolman B. Ivan Pavlov C. Karen Horney D. Sigmund Freud E. Alfred Adler 39. Psychology is the science of: A. Consciousness C. Emotion E. Nature

B. Action D. Reaction

40. First psychology lab was established by.: A. Sigmund Freud B. RS Woodworth C. Wilhelm Wundt D. Max Wertheimer E. Kurt Koffka 41. Dualism was advocated by: A. Rene Descartes C. Kant E. Kurt Lewin 34 B

35 D

36 D

37 C

B. John Locke D. Kurt Koffka

38 A

39 A

40 C

41 A

Introduction to Psychology 7 42. Free association is a term used in: A. Psychoanalysis B. Behaviorism C. Functionalism D. Cognitive psychology E. Structuralism 43. Altered states of awareness are studied in: A. Cognitive psychology B. Transpersonal psychology C. Humanistic psychology D. Behaviorism E. Gestalt psychology 44. John Dewey is recognized as one of the founders of which of the following approaches to psychology: A. Psychoanalysis B. Gestalt psychology C. Functionalism D. Structuralism E. Behaviorism 45. Attempt to apply the knowledge of psychology to the field of education is.: A. Educational psychology B. Emotional psychology C. Social psychology D. Comparative psychology E. Developmental psychology 46. Study of cognitive abilities in children was carried out by: A. Jean Piaget B. JB Watson C. Alfred Adler D. Carl Jung E. Max Wertheimer 47. Initially psychology was considered as a science of: A. Soul B. Heart C. Brain D. Action E. Mind 48. Education psychology is.: A. A physical science B. A biological science C. An applied branch of psychology D. A branch of basic psychology E. None of them 42 A

43 A

44 C

45 A

46 A

47 A

48 C