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àmMrZ ^maVmMm amOH$s` B{Vhmg ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡Ywar, AZwdmXH$ : S>m°. gXm{ed AmR>dco, S>m°. _YwgyXZ ~monS>uH$a Political History of Ancient India Hemchandra Raychowdhari Trans. Dr. Sadashiv Aathawale, Dr. Madhusadan Bopardikar © ^maVr` B{Vhmg AZwg§YmZ n[afX, {X„r. © (Indian Council of Historical Research, Delhi) ISBN 81-89724-04-5

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à_wI {dVaH$ S>m`_§S> ~wH$ S>onmo 661 Zmam`U noR>, Aßnm ~id§V Mm¡H$ nwUo-411 030 ( 020-24480677 `m nwñVH$mMo àH$meZ ^maVr` B{Vhmg AZwgY§ mZ n[afX, Zdr {X„r, `m g§ñWoÀ`m B{Vhmg{df`H$ à{gÕ B§J«Or J«§WmÀ`m ^maVr` `moOZoA§VJ©V nwañH¥$V. `m nwñVH$mV ì`º$ Pmbobr _Vo gd©ñdr boIH$mMr AmhoV. Ë`mÀ`mer g§nmXH$ AWdm àH$meH$ gh_V AgVrbM Ago Zmhr. This book has been Sponsored by Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi, under its project Translation of Wellknown English History book in the Indian Languages.

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Preface

The Council with the view to provide adequate historical material in different Indian languages for students, teachers, research scholars, etc., had initiated a programme of translating core books of History into regional languages. The basic idea was to reach out to scholars in their mother tongue. The selection of the titles was made after applying two principles, namely (i) to what extent the historian has used the modern historical and scientific methodology; and (ii) to what extent the work was an authentic piece of research. We are really proud to present the work of H. Raychaudhary entitled 'Political History of Ancient India' We are extremely grateful to Professor. A. R. Kulkarni who has made this publication possible. I also would like to extend my thanks to the publisher, Shri Pashte Dattatraya G.. for making an attempt to publish this important work into Marathi. D.N. Tripathi (Chairman) Indian Council of Histortical Reasearch

New Delhi

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ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡Ywar (1892-1957) {X. 4 _o 1957 amoOr gm`§H$mir H$cH$Ë`mV ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡Yaw r øm§Mo XohmdgZ Pmco. Ë`m Wmoa {dÛmZmÀ`m Xw…IX {ZYZmZo Or hmZr Pmcr, {VMo ñdê$n \$maM WmoS>çm ^maVr`m§Zm g_Oco Agoc. nU Oo Ë`m§Zm ì`{º$e… qH$dm Ë`m§À`m A_moc J«W§ m§déZ AmoiIrV hmoV,o Ë`m§Zm _mÌ Vo XrK©H$mc amoJnr{S>V hmoVo Am{U Ë`m§VZy ~ao hmoÊ`mMr Amem OdiOdi ZìhVrM, ho _mhrV AgyZhr hr dmVm© åhUOo EH$ {dcjU Y¸$mM hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡YwatMo _hmà`mU OmUdUo AQ>iM hmoV.o H$maU é½Ueæ`oda nS>cc o o AgVmZmhr Vo B{VhmgmÀ`m àm_m{UH$ A^`mgH$m§Zm gVV ñ\y$Vu XoV am{hco hmoV.o H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mZo à{gÕ Ho$coë`m Ë`m§À`m "Political History of Ancient India' øm J«W § amOmÀ`m àma§^rM ""Hw$Um Ww{g{S>S>rg dm Q>{° gQ>gZo nwT>rc {nT>çm§gmR>r àmMrZ ^maVmMm Añgc B{Vhmg _mJo R>do cocm Zmhr,'' Ago åhUyZ ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡Yaw tZr ñdV…M H$m_{Jar hmVr KoVcr. pñ_WÀ`m Jm¡adnmÌ R>acoë`m "Early History of India' _Yrc gwédmVrÀ`m ^mJmnojm A{YH$ VnercdmanUo øm hadcoë`m B{VhmgmMr nwZa©MZm H$aÊ`mMo Ë`m§Zr A§{JH$maco. pñ_WZo B.g. nyd© 600 nmgyZÀ`m H$mimda H$mhr n¥ð>o IMu KmVcr Agcr, Va àË`jmV B.g. nyd© 327 B.g. ny. 324 _Yrc AcoŠPm§S>aÀ`m ñdmarnmgyZMm nwT>Mm B{Vhmg gm§JUo AgmM Ë`mMm à`ËZ Amho. na§Vw am`Mm¡Yaw tZr B{VhmgH$mcmMm àma§^ B.g. nyd© Zddo eVH$ BVH$m _mJo Zocm. Ë`m§Zr _m§S>cëo `m H$mcJUZoà_mUo ømM eVH$mV n[a{jV hm Wmoa Hw$éZ¥n{V hmoD$Z Jocm. àmMrZ ^maVr` gm{hË`mVrc na§naoV Añgc B{Vhmg _wir ZmhrM Ago Zmhr, ho XmIdyZ Am{U Ë`m gm{hË`mMo H$miOrnydH© $ {dícofU H$éZ am`Mm¡Yaw tZr Amnë`m _hmZ H¥$VrÀ`m n{hë`m ^mJmV q~{~gmanydH© $mimMm AmT>mdm KoVcm Amho. ho H$mhr gmono H$m_ ZìhVo. doXdoXm§J, _hmH$mì`o, nwamUo Am{U Ë`mMà_mUo g§ñH¥$VmVrc d àmH¥$VmVrc AmUIr {H$Ë`oH$ J«§W d ~m¡Õ O¡Zm§Mo Y_©gyÌ J«§W `m§Mohr Ë`m§Zm n[aercZ H$amdo cmJco. VWm{n Aem VèhoZo O_{dcoë`m àM§S> _m{hVrMm `mo½` Cn`moJ H$aUo ho A{YH$ H$R>rU Amho. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr {deof Aer Hw$emJ«~wÕr nm{hOo. øm H$m`m©cm am`Mm¡Yaw r AË`§V nmÌ hmoV.o 1923 _Ü`o à{gÕ Pmë`mnmgyZ AmVmn`ªV Ë`mÀ`m ghm Amd¥Ë`m {ZKmë`m, øm dê$Z Ë`m§Mm Political History EH$

of Ancient India (From the accession of Parikshit to the extinction of the Gupta Dynastry) øm J«W § mMr _hmZ cmoH${à`Vm ñnï>

hmoVo. ~H$aJ§O {OëømVrc nmoZm~m{c`m øm IoS>oJmdmV {X. 8 E{àc 1892 amoOr ho_M§Ð am`Mm¡Ywar øm§Mm OÝ_ Pmcm. nmoZm~m{c`mMo O_rZXma _Zmoa§OZ am`Mm¡Yaw r Am{U Va§{JUr øm§À`m øm nwÌmcm d«O_mohZ g§ñWoV àmW{_H$ {ejU {_imco. ApídZrHw$_ma XÎm øm§Zr ~m°[agmc `oWo ñWmnZ Ho$coco ho Ë`m H$mimVco EH$ CËH¥$ï> {dÚmc` hmoV.o 1907 _Ü`o H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mMr àdoenarjm Vo nmg Pmco Am{U Vr Vo Ë`mdoiÀ`m nyd~© J§ mc Am{U Amgm_ øm àm§Vm§Vrc gd© {dÚmÏ`mªV n{hco Amco. Ë`mZ§Va Vo H$cH$Ë`mcm Amco Am{U àW_ OZac Ag|ãcrO BpÝñQ>Q>çQy > (Z§VaMo ñH$m°{Q>e MM}g H$m°cO o ) `oWo Aä`mg Ho$ë`mda _J ào{gS>Ýo gr H$m°cO o _YyZM 1911 _Ü`o J«°Á`wAoQ> Pmco. Ë`m dfu H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m gd© Am°Zg© J«Á° `wAQo >_Ü`o gd©àW_ `oD$Z Ë`m§Zr EeZ {eî`d¥Îmr {_i{dcr. 1913 _Ü`o Vo B{Vhmg {df`mV n{hco Amco. nwT>o 1919 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zm {J«{\$W nm[aVmo{fH$ {_imco Am{U 1921 _Ü`o Vo H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mMo nrAoM.² S>r. hr Pmco. Ao_². Ao. Pmë`mda Vm~S>Vmo~ am`Mm¡YwatZr AënH$mc (1913-14) H$cH$Ë`mÀ`m d§Jdmgr H$m°cO o mV A{Yì`m»`mVm åhUyZ ZmoH$ar Ho$cr. Z§Va Vo ~§Jmc EÁ`wH$o eZ gpìh©g_Ü`o {eaco d àW_ H$cH$Î`mÀ`mM ào{gS>Ýo gr H$m°cO o mV Ë`m§Zr VrZ df} (1914-1917) H$m_ Ho$co. 1916 _Ü`o Ë`m§Mr {MVJmdÀ`m gaH$mar _hm{dÚmc`mV ~Xcr Pmcr.ømM gw_mamg Ë`m§Mr nËZr AmOmar Pmcr d cdH$aM {VMm A§V Pmc. ømZo Ë`m§À`m _Zmda \$maM VmU Amcm Am{U ~Xcr_wio ÌmgmV AmUIrZM ^a nS>cr. gwXd¡ mZo Ë`m doir H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mV Zì`mZo gwê$ Pmcoë`m àmMrZ ^maVr` B{Vhmg d g§ñH¥$Vr øm {df`mgmR>r ga AmewVmof _wH$Ou øm§Zm ~w{Õ_mZ VéUm§Mr JaO hmoVr. Ë`m§Zr am`Mm¡Yaw tZm A{Yì`m»`mË`mMo nX XoD$ Ho$co Am{U am`Mm¡YwatZr VËH$mi ~§Jmc EÁ`wHo$eZ gpìh©g_Yrc Amnë`m nXmMm amOrZm_m XoD$Z 1917 _Ü`o H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mV Vo A{Yì`m»`mVo åhUyZ éOy Pmco. 1936 _Ü`o S>r. Ama. ^m§S>maH$a {Zd¥Îm Pmë`mda Ë`m§À`m OmJr H$ma_m`Ho$c àmÜ`mnH$ d àmMrZ ^maVr` B{Vhmg d g§ñH¥$Vr øm {d^mJmMo à_wI åhUyZ am`Mm¡Yaw r XmoZ

Amco. OyZ 1952 n`ªV Vo øm ñWmZmda hmoV.o øm Zo_UwH$snydu 1928 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zr T>mH$m {dÚmnrR>mV ànmR>H$ Am{U B{Vhmg {d^mJà_wI åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$co hmoV.o _mUyg åhUyZ am`Mm¡Yaw r A{Ve` ào_i Am{U hiwdma ñd^mdmMo hmoV.o Ë`m§À`mer g§~Y§ Amcocm Hw$Urhr _mUyg Ë`m§À`m ñZoherc dmJUwH$sZo ^mamdyZ OmB©. nU Vo ~aoMgo EH$conUmMoM OrdZ OJco. VWm{n kmZcmcgo_i w o Ë`m§Zm {dlm§Vr Aer H$Yr cm^cr Zmhr. Ë`m§Zr Amncm gd© doi d gd© eº$s Aä`mgmVM ì`VrV Ho$cr. ho_M§Ðm§Zm nwñVH$mncrH$S>o H$mhr _mhrVM ZìhVo, Aem eãXm§V S>m.° Ama. gr. _wO_w Xma øm§Zr Ë`m§Zm lÕm§Ocr dm{hcr Amho. am`Mm¡YatMr {dÛÎmm OJÝ_mÝ` Pmcr hmoVr. Eo{Vhm{gH$ {df` {ddo{MÊ`mV Ë`m§Mr ñdV§Ì ~wÕr, {ZU©` KoÊ`mMm `mo½` nÕVr Am{U {dÛÎmm hr {ZpíMV {XgyZ `oVmV. nU H$mhr Zm{dÝ`nyU© {gÕm§VmÀ`m ZmXmZo Ë`m§Zr Amncm gmdY, {M{H$ËgH$ X¥{ï>H$moZ _mÌ H$YrM gmoS>cm Zmhr. IamoIar am`Mm¡YatMo Zmd åhUOo Á`mda ^adgm R>do mdm, Aem H¥$VrMr emídVrM. 1946 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zm "E{e`m{Q>H$ gmogm`Q>r Am°\$ ~|Jm°cMo, \o$cmo H$aÊ`mV Amco Am{U Ë`m§Zm àmMrZ ^maVr` B{Vhmg Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr `m§À`m Aä`mgmÀ`m joÌmV Ho$coë`m H$m_{Jar~Ôc 1951 _Ü`o g§ñWoMo "~r.gr.cm°.' gwdU©nXH$ XoÊ`mV Amco. 1941 _Ü`o h¡Xam~mX `oWo "B§{S>`Z {hñQ>ar H$m±Jgo« 'À`m EH$m {d^mJmMo Vo AÜ`j Pmco Am{U nwT>o 1950 _Yrc Ë`m H$m±Jgo« À`m ZmJnya `oWrc g§nUy © A{YdoeZmMo AÜ`j åhUyZ Vo {ZdSy>Z Joc.o am`Mm¡YatZr AJXr AndmXmË_H$ R>ado, BVHo$ {dnwc coIZ H$mhr Ho$coco Zmhr, ho cjmV `oV.o nU ^mam^a coIZmnojm H$gXma coIZmda Ë`m§Mm H$Q>mj hmoVm, ho ømMo H$maU hmo`. "Materials for the Study of the Early History of Vaishnava Sect ` hm Ë`m§Mm Xwgam J«W § H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mZo à{gÕ Ho$cm d Ë`mÀ`m XmoZ Amd¥Ë`m (1920 Am{U 1936) {ZKmë`m. d¡îUdn§WmMm gm§Jmonm§J Aä`mg H$aUmè`m gdmªZr hm J«W§ åhUOo A{e` Cn`wº$ Agm gmYZJ«W§ _mZcm Amho. am`Mm¡Yaw tZr g§emoYZmË_H$ {Z`VH$m{cH$m§VZy nwîH$i ñ\w$Q> coIZhr Ho$co. Vo gd© coI " Studies in Indian Antiquities (1932 & 1958) Ë`m_Ü`o g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Amcoco AmhoV. H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mZoM à{gÕ Ho$coë`m øm nwñVH$mMr Xwgar Amd¥Îmr Ë`m§À`m {ZYZmZ§Va EH$ dfm©Zo {ZKmcr. øm J«W§ mVrc {Z~§Ym§dê$Z Ë`m§À`m gwñnï> {dMmam§Mr Am{U ì`mnH$ ì`mg§JmMr Mm§Jcr H$ënZm `oV.o T>mH$m VrZ

{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m History of Bengal, Vol. I' (1942) Aemgma»`m J«W§ m§VZy hr Ë`m§Zr H$mhr àH$aUo {c{hcr. A§WéUmcm {Iicoco AgVmZmhr Ë`m§Zr Or `PXmZr ømZr g§nm{Xcoë`m "Early History of Deccan' øm J«WmgmR>r EH$ _hÎdmMo àH$aU {c{hco. "Advanced History of India' ho nmR>çnwñVH$ (~r.E.À`m {dÚmÏ`mªgmR>r) Ë`m§Zr Ama. gr. _Ow_Xma Am{U Ho$. Ho$. XÎm `m§À`m g_doV {c{hco. "àmÀ`{dÚmVa§{JUr' (àm. S>r.gr. gaH$ma g§n{XV H$cH$Îmm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m àmMrZ ^maVr` B{Vhmg d g§ñH¥$Vr {d^mJmÀ`m gwdU© _hmoËgdr J§W« 1969, n¥ð>o 301-304) `mdê$Z {edm`, nhm. " Journal of Ancient Indian History, Vol. I 1967-68' n¥.1 nmgyZ nwT>.o

Mma

g§jno ABBREVIATIONS

(gd© g§jno m§Mo _yi B§JO « r Amho VgoM R>do co AmhoV. \$º$ _yi g§ñH¥$V d àmH¥$V J«W§ m§Mr Zmdo nwT>o H§$gmV XodZmJarVhr Xe©{dcr Amho. Ë`mMo H$maU ^mfm§VaH$Ë`mªZr Amnë`m {ZdoXZmV ñnï> Ho$coco Amho.) A.B.

: After the Buddha.

A.G.I.

: Ancient Geography of India,

A.H.D.

: Ancient History of Deccan.

A.I.H.T.

: Ancient Indian Historical Tradition

A.I.U.

: The Age of Imperial Unity (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavana)

Ait. Br.

: Aitareya Brahmana (A¡Vao` ~«m÷U)

Alex.

: Plutarchís Life of Alexander.

A.N.M.

: Age of the Nandas and Mauryas Pub. Motilal Banarasi Dass for the Bharatiya Itihasa Parishad.

Ang. ...

: Anguttara Nikaya (A§JÎw ma {ZH$m`)

Ann. Bhand. Ins

: Annals of the Bhandarkar oriental Research Institute.

Apas. Sr. Sutra.

: Apastambiya Srauta Sutra.

(AmnñVå~ lm¡VgyÌ) App.

: Appendix

Arch. Rep.

: Archaeological Survey Report.

A.R.

: Annual Report

A.R.I.

: Aryan Rule in India.

A.S.I.

: Archaeological Survey of India.

A.S.R. (Arch. Sur. Rep.)

: Reports of the Archaeological Survey of India.

nmM

A.S.W.I.

: Archaeological Survey of Western India.

A.V. ...

: Atharva - Veda. (AWd©dXo )

Baudh. Sr. Sutra.

: Bodhayana Srauta Sutra. (~m¡Õm`Z

lm¡VgyÌ) Bau. Sutra.

: Bodhayana Dharma Sutra. (~m¡Õm`Z

lm¡VgyÌ) Bhand. Com. Vol.

: Bhandarkar Commemoration Volume

B.K.S.

: Book of Kindred Sayings.

Bomb. Gaz.

: Bombay Gazetteer.

Br.

: Brahmana.

Brih. S.

(~«m÷U) : Brihat Samhita (~¥hËg§{hVm)

Brih. Up.

: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfeX²) Bud. Ind.

: Buddhist India

C.

: Central.

C.A.H.

: Cambridge Ancient History.

Cal. Rev.

: Calcutta Review.

Camb. Ed.

: Cambridge Edition.

Camb.Hist.(Ind) (C.H.I.)

: Cambridge History of India (Vol. I)

Camb. Short Hist.

: (The) Cambridge Shorter History of India.

Carm. Lee.

: Carmichael Lectures. 1918

Ch.

: Chapter.

Chap. Chh. Up.

: Chhandogya Upanishad

(N>m§Xmo½`mon{ZfX²) ghm

C.I.C.A.I.

: Catalogue of Indian Coins, Ancient India

C.I.I.

: Corpus Inscription Indicarum

Corpus. Com. Vol.

: Commemoration Volume.

Cunn.

: Cunningham

D.

: Digha Nikaya (XrK©{ZH$m`)

Dialogues.

: Dialogues of the Buddha.

D.P.P.N.

: Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. (Malalasekera.)

D.K.A.

: Dynasties of Kali Age.

D.U.

: Dacca University.

Ed.

: Edition.

E.H.D.

: Early History of the Dekkan.

E.H.I.

: Early History of India.

E.H.V.S.

: Early History of the Vaishnava Sect.

Ep. Ind.

: Epigraphia Indica.

Gandhara (Foucher)

: Notes on the Ancient Geography of Gandhara.

Gaz.

: Gazetteer.

G.B.I.

: The Greeks in Bactria & India.

GE.

: Gupta Era.

G.E.I.

: (The) Great Epic of India.

Gop. Br.

: Gopatha Brahmana. (JmonW~«m÷U)

G.O.S.

: Gaekwar Oriental Series.

Greeks.

: The Greeks in Bactria and India.

Hariv.

: Harivamsa.

H. and F.

: Hamilton and Falconerís Translationof Straboís Geography.

gmV

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