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CLASS 3

Rajni Saxena Authors: Dr Neera Sharma, Anubhuti Mehta, Ankita Kaul Series Editor:

MY WORLD MY EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CLASS 3

Series Editor

Rajni Saxena Authors

Dr Neera Sharma, Anubhuti Mehta, Ankita Kaul

© Avant Publishing Services Private Limited Published by Avant Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd. F-350, Lado Sarai, M G Road, New Delhi - 110030, India www.avant.co.in, e-mail: [email protected] In association with Allied Publishers Private Limited 1/13-14 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi-110002 Ph.: 011-23239001 • E-mail: [email protected] Lucknow: Ph.: 0522-2209942 • E-mail: [email protected] Kolkata: Ph.: 033-22129618 • E-mail: [email protected] Mumbai: Ph.: 022-42126969 • E-mail: [email protected] Nagpur: Ph.: 0712-2234210 • E-mail: [email protected] Ahmedabad: Ph.: 079-26465916 • E-mail: [email protected] Chennai: Ph.: 044-28523938 • E-mail: [email protected] Bangalore: Ph.: 080-22262081 • E-mail: [email protected] Hyderabad: Ph.: 040-24619079 • E-mail: [email protected]

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First Edition published in 2014 Reprint 2015 ISBN: 978-81-928193-7-2

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PRE F ACE My World My Earth series aims to familiarise students with different aspects of the world around them. These books are recommended for students of classes 1 to 5, as they introduce concepts of social interaction, encourage scientific thoughts and make children aware of the diversity in the world at large. The lessons are structured to ensure all-round development of the child. The chapters are interactive, yet informative, encouraging the child to relate abstract concepts to their own lived experiences. The exercises help reinforce the child’s textual learning and at the same time, encourage critical thinking. The activities are linked organically to the concepts being taught, and teach the children to organise and present their thoughts coherently through group discussions, presentations and creative experiments. The books are equally useful for teachers, equipping them with excellent teaching tools and classroom activities, thereby helping them make learning fun as desired by NCF 2005. Some of the highlights of the series are: • Learning objectives summarise the concepts that the chapter will cover. • Introductory Activity at the beginning of the chapter introduces the student to the lesson. • Concept Sharing ensures that technical knowledge is presented in a way that is level-appropriate and engaging at the same time. • Knowledge Beyond Classroom shares fun facts, piquing the students’ interest and encouraging a wider perspective. • Value Added Concepts ensure that students learn important values and life skills linked to the concepts they are being taught. • Hands on Activities and Projects have been designed keeping in mind skill development and the interest of the students. • Let’s Conclude summarises and highlights the key learning of each chapter. • To know more, just click are fun links for students to read more and augment their classroom learning. • Evaluation Corner offers Formative and Summative test exercises, based on the CCE framework. • Assessment Sheets provide term-wise questions on problem solving assessment (PSA) and value added questions. We hope these books create a strong knowledge base for the students, at the same time igniting within them the desire to learn more! –Authors



CON T E N T S

Unit I: LIFE SCIENCES 1. Plant Life 2. Animal Life 3. Birds 4. Human Body Unit II: RELATIONSHIPS 5. My Family 6. People Who Help Us Unit III: TRAVEL AND COMMUNICATION 7. Means of Transport 8. Means of Communication Unit IV: OUR HOME OUR COUNTRY 9. Shelter 10. The Earth 11. Our Country—India 12. Maps and Globes Unit V: OUR UNIVERSE 13. The Solar System 14. Exploring Moon 15. Water and Weather Assessments 1-4

1-10 11-21 22-29 30-35 36-41 44-49 50-56 57-62 63-69 70-77 78-86 87-91 92-97 98-102 103-110 111-124

UNIT 1

LIFE SCIENCES

CHAPTER 1: PLANT LIFE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We learn about • Plants around us and their classification • Parts of flowering plant • Root and shoot system • Leaf, flower and seed Activity Meera was making a drawing when she got confused and mixed up the parts. Help her to correct the drawing. Give numbers to match the different parts, starting from the top of the plant.

What was she trying to draw? She was trying to draw a plant.

Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

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CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

Here are some plants commonly found in our country. Identify the plants given below and match the following. Trees

Name Pumpkin

Gourd

Mango

Rose

Banyan

How many did you get correct? ______________________________

INTRODUCTION Plants grow everywhere. They cover the land, float in water and are found on mountains. All living things depend on plants. A plant is a living thing which grows like humans and animals. A plant • can prepare its own food. • can grow throughout its life span. • cannot move from its place on its own. 2

Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

Parts of a plant A plant is mainly divided into two parts: a root system and a shoot system. The part that grows below the ground is called the root system. The part that grows above the ground is called the shoot system.

STRUCTURE OF A PLANT There are a variety of plants around us. They all differ in some way or the other. They may differ • in their root system. • in their shoot system. • in the arrangement of leaves.

ROOT SYSTEM The roots grow below the ground and this is known as the root system. A root • fixes the plant into the soil. • absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

TYPES OF ROOTS Roots are mainly of two types, tap root and fibrous root. Tap root: It is a type of root that grows downwards, is tapering, straight and bears many branches. This is called the main root. Fibrous root: Fibrous root spreads widely in the ground and does not have a main root.

SHOOT SYSTEM The part of the plant above the ground is known as the shoot system and consists of different parts like leaves, stem, flowers and fruits. Stem: The main function of the stem is to collect water from the root and pass it to the leaves. A stem • provides support to the plant. • helps the leaves to face the sun. • stores food in some plants. • transports food to the leaves. Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

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CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

TYPES OF STEMS All plants do not look the same, they look different. Some are big, some are small, some have strong stem and some plants have weak stems that need support. 1. Trees: Tall plants which have a thick long woody stem (trunks) are called trees. Examples: Peepal, neem, mango etc.

Peepal

Neem

Mango

2. Shrubs: Tall plants which have a thin woody stem and many branches are called shrubs. Examples: Rose, lemon, cotton etc.

Rose

Lemon

Cotton

3. Herbs: Plants which have a soft and green stem and are small in size are called herbs. Examples: Tulsi, mint, grass etc.

Tulsi

Mint

Grass

4. Climbers: Some plants have a weak stem. They cannot stand straight. They need support of bigger plants, sticks or walls to climb up. These are called climbers. Examples: Money plant, morning glory, grapevine etc. 4

Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

Money plant

Morning glory

Grapevine

5. Creepers: These plants have a very weak stem. They grow along the ground, hence are called creepers. Examples: Pumpkin, watermelon, gourd etc.

Pumpkin

Watermelon

Gourd

Flowers: The flower is usually the colourful and attractive part of the plant. Flowers get

transformed into fruits.

Fruit: Fruits are eaten and also protect seeds inside them. Seed: The seed is found inside the fruit and remains protected. It grows into a new plant. Leaves: Most plants have many green coloured leaves.

Peepal

Neem

Banana

Different plants have different type of leaves. Some leaves are big and some are small. Leaves come in many sizes and shapes, they • help the plant to breathe and • make food for the plant.

Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

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ACTIVITY

PLANT LIFE

Activity 1 Label the parts of a plant 

Activity 2 

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Collect four different kinds of leaves. Paste them in the given space. Observe the different shapes and sizes of leaves. Try to identify and write the names of the plants.

Name:

Name:

Name:

Name: Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

FOOD FACTORY OF THE PLANT Plants look green because the leaves have a pigment called chlorophyll in them. This pigment helps the plant to prepare its own food. This is why the leaf is called the food factory of the plant. In the presence of sunlight, green leaves combine water and carbon dioxide to prepare food. This process is called photosynthesis.

Value Added Concept

Spinach is used as a vegetable.

Neem is used as a medicine. Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

We should not burn dry leaves as it produces a lot of smoke and causes air pollution. We should prepare manure with dry leaves. Plants—Our Friends 1. Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis. 2. Plants give us shade. 3. Plants keep the air clean and fresh. 4. Plants like mint, spinach, and coriander, etc., are used as vegetables. 5. Plants like tulsi, neem, etc., are used as medicines. 6. Plants give us many things like paper, wood, food etc.

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CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

Knowledge beyond classroom Cactus is a modified stem. The stem • makes food. • stores food and water for a long period. It is known as plant of desert and can survive in hot and dry places.

SUMMARY • Plants grow everywhere. All living things depend on plants. • Plants prepare their own food. • A plant is divided into two parts: a root system that grows below the ground and a shoot system that grows above the ground. • Leaves come in many sizes and shapes. • The pigment chlorophyll gives green colour to the leaves and helps them to prepare food. • In the presence of sunlight, green leaves combine water and carbon dioxide to prepare food. This process is called photosynthesis. Hence, leaf is called the food factory of the plant. • Fallen leaves are used for preparing manure, which makes the soil fertile.

WE CAN FIND OUT MORE www.biology4kids.com/files/plants_main.html

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Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

EXERCISES

PLANT LIFE

ASSESSMENT A. Multiple choice questions—Tick the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is required during photosynthesis? a) water b) carbon dioxide c) sunlight 2. Which of the following is a medicinal plant? a) ladyfinger b) grapes c) cabbage 3. Which part of plant is called the food factory? a) root b) stem c) leaf 4. Herbs live for a few ______________ . a) years b) months c) days 5. We all need ______________ to breathe. a) water b) air c) carbon dioxide

d) all d) neem d) bud d) hours d) soil

B. Match the following.

1. radish 2. mango 3. spinach 4. cauliflower 5. mustard

leaves root fruit seed flower

C. Write true or false. 1. Guava is a climber.

___________

2. The pigment called chlorophyll gives green colour to the leaves.

___________

3. The stem does not transport food to the plants.

___________

4. Mint and coriander are trees.

___________

5. We should burn dry leaves.

___________

D. Aswer the following questions. 1. Write five uses of plants. 2. How do plants prepare food? Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

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CHAPTER 1

PLANT LIFE

3. What is a herb? Write the name of herbs that are used as medicines. 4. Write two differences between climbers and creepers. 5. Draw a labelled diagram of a plant. E. Correct the following statements. 1. Leaves provide support to the plant. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Cactus needs cold climate for its growth. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Flower get transformed into stems. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Pumpkin is an example of a tree. _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Tall plants which have thin woody stem and many branches are called herbs. _____________________________________________________________________ F. Fill in the blanks. 1. A plant is a _______________ thing, which grows like humans and animals. 2. A plant can prepare its own _______________ . 3. The part of a plant that grows below the ground is called _______________ . 4. A root absorbs _______________ and _______________ from the soil. 5. Tulsi and mint are _______________ .

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Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 1

UNIT 1

LIFE SCIENCES

CHAPTER 2: ANIMAL LIFE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We learn about • Pet, wild and domestic animals • How do animals breathe • How do animals move • Animal food • Reptiles, insects and worms Activity 1. Write your pet’s name and birthday. Or, if you don’t have a pet, would you like to have a pet? Write the type of pet: cat/dog/rabbit/parrot etc.

Name _________________ Birthday _______________ Type of pet _____________

2. Paste a photograph of your pet or draw the image of the pet you want. All living things start their life as a baby and grow with time. They live for a number of years. The living world is full of wonderful creatures. It has plants, animals, insects, worms, birds and humans. These are all living things. All living things • move • grow • breathe and • reproduce. Animals form a very important part of the living world. Class 3 | Unit 1 | Chapter 2

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My World My Earth will enhance, encourage and excite children to touch, feel, learn and grow. Features l l l l l l l

Look forward, think about the topic before moving forward Know more, learn more, trivia and additional information that helps children in building their General Knowledge Challenge yourself, questions to help students to be inquisitive Test yourself, at the end of each chapter for easy revision Together time, engages the students with the topic creatively Activity, hands on practice and in-depth understanding of the topic Evaluation Corner as per CCE framework

Ms Rajni Saxena, is a senior teacher at DPS, R K Puram, New Delhi (Junior Wing). She has a rich and diverse background in the field of education spanning 30 years. She has both teaching and administrative experience and she is involved with traditional and as well as innovative teaching methodology. She is a teacher and continues to work closely with parents and children at all levels. Dr Neera Sharma is a senior Educational Consultant. She has a PhD in Education and is the former Assistant Commissioner, KVS and Principal, KV. She is also an Advisor to various public schools and is partners with Institute of Leadership Development. Anubhuti Mehta is a dedicated educationist, administrator and teacher with more than 21 years of teaching experience including 10 years in educational administration as Principal and Assistant Commissioner, KVS. Ms Mehta is well versed in student management, teacher training and she is also an adept coordinator. Ms Ankita Kaul, an Educationist and an MA in Medieval History, JNU has a passion for writing children's books. Previously a Consultant with the Policy and Jurisprudence Division of Ministry of Panchayati Raj. ISBN: 978-81-928193-7-2

9 788 192 81 937 2

Price D 164.00

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