LLL

&/0(',$3 /7' Edition : 2 020-21 © P UBLISHER

Administrative and Production Offices

No part of this book may be reproduced in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning and or without the written permission of the publisher.

Published b y : &/0HGLD3 /WG $ 0RKDQ &RRSHUDWLYH ,QGXVWULDO $UHD 1HDU 0RKDQ (VWDWH 0HWUR 6WDWLRQ 1HZ'HOKL Marketed b y  *.3XEOLFDWLRQV3 /WG

ISBN

: 

Typeset by : CL Media DTP Unit

$ 0RKDQ &RRSHUDWLYH ,QGXVWULDO $UHD 1HDU 0RKDQ (VWDWH 0HWUR 6WDWLRQ 1HZ'HOKL

)RUSURGXFWLQIRUPDWLRQ ISBN  9LVLWwww.gkpublications.com RUHPDLOWR[email protected]

3UHIDFH 7KHJXLGLQJSULQFLSOHLQZULWLQJWKLVERRNZDVWRFUHDWHDWH[WERRNIRUVWXGHQWV²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

Y

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

YL

Contents Unit 1 : Basic Understanding of Organic Chemistry



6HFWLRQ   ,QWURGXFWLRQ RI 2UJDQLF &KHPLVWU\



6HFWLRQ   :KDWLV2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\



6HFWLRQ   5HSUHVHQWDWLRQ RI 2UJDQLF &RPSRXQGV



6HFWLRQ   5HDVRQIRUWKH)RUPDWLRQRI/DUJH1XPEHURI2UJDQLF&RPSRXQGV



6HFWLRQ   )XQFWLRQDO *URXSV



6HFWLRQ   +RPRORJXH +RPRORJRXV6HULHV



6HFWLRQ   1DWXUHRI&+ )XQFWLRQDO*URXSV



6HFWLRQ   6DWXUDWHG  8QVDWXUDWHG 0ROHFXOHV ZLWK ,PSRUWDQW 3RLQWV



6HFWLRQ   +\EULGL]DWLRQ



6HFWLRQ   &ODVVLILFDWLRQ RI 2UJDQLF &RPSRXQGV



6HFWLRQ   %DH\HU·V6WUDLQ7KHRU\



([HUFLVH   6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV



$QVZHUV  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ



$SSURDFK  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK ([HUFLVH



$SSURDFK  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ([HUFLVH



Unit 2 : Nomenclature of Organic Compounds



6HFWLRQ   $ON\O*URXSV



6HFWLRQ   %DVLF &RQFHSW RI ,83$& 1RPHQFODWXUH



6HFWLRQ   3RLQWVWR:ULWH,83$&1RPHQFODWXUH



6HFWLRQ   3RLQWVWR:ULWH,83$&1RPHQFODWXUHIRU0XOWLSOH%RQGV 5LQJV



YLL

6HFWLRQ   3RLQWVWR:ULWH,83$&1RPHQFODWXUHRI&RPSRXQGVZLWK)XQFWLRQDO*URXSV



6HFWLRQ   1RPHQFODWXUHRI%LF\FOLF 6SLUR&RPSRXQGV



6HFWLRQ   6RPH&RPPRQ1DPHV8VHGLQ2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\



6HFWLRQ   'HJUHH RI 8QVDWXUDWLRQ



6HFWLRQ   &KHPLFDOO\'LIIHUHQW+\GURJHQ



([HUFLVH   6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV



$QVZHUV  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV



$SSURDFK  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK ([HUFLVH



$SSURDFK  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV([HUFLVH



7HVW 

 %DVLF 8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 2UJDQLF &KHPLVWU\ ,83$& 1RPHQFODWXUH



7HVW 

 %DVLF 8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 2UJDQLF &KHPLVWU\ ,83$& 1RPHQFODWXUH



7HVW 

 %DVLF 8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 2UJDQLF &KHPLVWU\ ,83$& 1RPHQFODWXUH



$QVZHUV  7HVW



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU

 

Unit 3 : Study of Isomerism 6HFWLRQ   %DVLF&RQFHSWRI,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   &KDLQ,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   3RVLWLRQDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   )XQFWLRQDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   0HWDPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   %DVLF&RQFHSWRI7DXWRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   HQRO &RQWHQW



6HFWLRQ   7\SHVRI7DXWRPHULVP



YLLL

6HFWLRQ   %DVLF&RQFHSWRI*HRPHWULFDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   1RPHQFODWXUH8VHGLQ*HRPHWULFDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   %DVLF&RQFHSWRI2SWLFDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   1RPHQFODWXUH8VHGLQ2SWLFDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   7HUPV8VHGLQ2SWLFDO,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   &RPSRXQG6KRZLQJ2SWLFDO,VRPHULVP$ORQJZLWK&DOFXODWLRQRI1XPEHU RI6WHUHRLVRPHUV



6HFWLRQ   &RQIRUPDWLRQDO ,VRPHULVP



6HFWLRQ   &RQIRUPDWLRQ RI &\FORKH[DQH



6HFWLRQ   ,QWHUFRQYHUVLRQRI2QHIRUPRI0ROHFXOHLQWR$QRWKHU



6HFWLRQ   )LQGLQJ5HODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ3DLURI&RPSRXQGV



6HFWLRQ   3K\VLFDO3URSHUWLHVRI2UJDQLF&RPSRXQGV



([HUFLVH   6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV



$QVZHUV  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQV



$SSURDFK  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK ([HUFLVH



$SSURDFK  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ([HUFLVH



7HVW 

 &RQFHSWRI,VRPHULVP



7HVW 

 &RQFHSWRI,VRPHULVP



7HVW 

 &RQFHSWRI,VRPHULVP



$QVZHUV  7HVW



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



L[

Unit 4 : Electronic Effect & It’s Application



6HFWLRQ   *HQHUDO &RQFHSW RI 2UJDQLF 5HDFWLRQV



6HFWLRQ   ,QGXFWLYH (IIHFW



6HFWLRQ   %DVLF &RQFHSW RI 5HVRQDQFH



6HFWLRQ   3RLQWV WR 'UDZ 5HVRQDWLQJ 6WUXFWXUHV



6HFWLRQ   SRLQWVWR&KHFN6WDELOLW\RI5HVRQDWLQJ6WUXFWXUHV



6HFWLRQ   0HVRPHULF(IIHFW



6HFWLRQ   +\SHUFRQMXJDWLRQ



6HFWLRQ   (OHFWURPHULF (IIHFW



6HFWLRQ   2UJDQLF 5HDFWLRQ ,QWHUPHGLDWHV



6HFWLRQ   &DUERFDWLRQV



6HFWLRQ   6WDELOLW\ RI &DUERFDWLRQ



6HFWLRQ   5HDUUDQJHPHQW RI &DUERFDWLRQV



6HFWLRQ   &ODVVLILFDWLRQ RI &DUERFDWLRQ



6HFWLRQ   &DUEDQLRQV



6HFWLRQ   )UHH 5DGLFDO



6HFWLRQ   &DUEHQHV



6HFWLRQ   1LWUHQH



6HFWLRQ   %HQ]\QH



6HFWLRQ   $MQLVK5XOH ,W·V$SSOLFDWLRQLQ2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\



6HFWLRQ   *HQHUDO&RQFHSWRI$FLG %DVH



6HFWLRQ   &RQFHSWWR'HFLGH5HODWLYH$FLGLF6WUHQJWK



6HFWLRQ   &RQFHSWWR'HFLGH5HODWLYH%DVLF6WUHQJWK



([HUFLVH   6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  6XEMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



([HUFLVH   2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



[

([HUFLVH   :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ



$QVZHUV  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK



$QVZHUV  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ



$SSURDFK  2EMHFWLYH $SSURDFK ([HUFLVH



$SSURDFK  :RUOGRI&RPSHWLWLRQ([HUFLVH



7HVW 

 (OHFWURQLF(IIHFW ,W·V$SSOLFDWLRQ



7HVW 

 (OHFWURQLF(IIHFW ,W·V$SSOLFDWLRQ



7HVW 

 (OHFWURQLF(IIHFW ,W·V$SSOLFDWLRQ



$QVZHUV  7HVW



7HVW 

 7RROVRI2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\



7HVW 

 $QVZHUV



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU



$SSURDFK  7HVW3DSHU 



5HFHQW -(( 0DLQV 4XHVWLRQV 



‰‰‰

[L

%DVLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIRUJDQLFFKHPLVWU\

8QLW



%DVLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\ 7KLVXQLWLVGHVLJQHGWROD\WKHIRXQGDWLRQIRU\RXURUJDQLFFKHPLVWU\+HUH\RXZLOOOHDUQZKDWLV RUJDQLFFKHPLVWU\KRZRUJDQLFFRPSRXQGVDUHUHSUHVHQWHGZKDWLVWKHUHDVRQIRUIRUPDWLRQRIODUJH QXPEHURIRUJDQLFFRPSRXQGVIXQFWLRQDOJURXSVKRPRORJXHVQDWXUHRIFDUERQ K\GURJHQVDWXUDWLRQ DQGXQVDWXUDWLRQK\EULGL]DWLRQFODVVLILFDWLRQRIRUJDQLFFRPSRXQGVDQG%DH\HU·VVWUDLQWKHRU\

:HZURWHWKLVERRNIRURQHVLPSOHUHDVRQ:HORYHZULWLQJ:HJHWJUHDW SOHDVXUHDQGVDWLVIDFWLRQIURPWDNLQJDFRPSOLFDWHGVXEMHFWWXUQLQJLWDURXQG XQWLO ZHVHH LW FOHDUO\ IURPD QHZ DQJOHDQG WKHQ H[SODLQLQJ LWLQ VLPSOH ZRUGV:HZULWHWRH[SODLQFKHPLVWU\WRVWXGHQWVWRGD\WKHZD\ZHZLVKLW KDGEHHQH[SODLQHGWRXV\HDUVDJR

2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\LVHDV\



%DVLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIRUJDQLFFKHPLVWU\

6HFWLRQ



,QWURGXFWLRQRI2UJDQLF&KHPLVWU\ +DYH\RXHYHUWKRXJKWWKDWZKHQ\RXUHDGDQ\WKLQJIURP´DQ\ERRNµ\RXUH\HVXVHDQRUJDQLF FRPSRXQGUHWLQDO WRFRQYHUWYLVLEOHOLJKWLQWRQHUYHLPSXOVHV:KHQ\RXSLFNXSWKLVERRNIURPDQ\ SODFH\RXUPXVFOHVGRFKHPLFDOUHDFWLRQVRQVXJDUVWRJLYH\RXHQHUJ\$V\RXUHDGWKHZRUGVDQG VHQWHQFHVRIWKLVERRNJDSVEHWZHHQ\RXUEUDLQFHOOVDUHEHLQJEULGJHGE\VLPSOHRUJDQLFPROHFXOHV QHXURWUDQVPLWWHUDPLQHV VRWKDWQHUYHLPSXOVHFDQEHSDVVHGDURXQG\RXUEUDLQDQG\RXFDQXQGHUVWDQG DOOPDWWHUVFRUUHFWO\DQG\RXGLGDOOWKDWZLWKRXWFRQVFLRXVO\WKLQNLQJDERXWLW