By Virendra Kumar (Assistant Professor)

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

© Publishers Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002 Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Fax : (0562) 4053330 E-mail : [email protected], Website : www.upkar.in Branch Offices : 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi—110 002 Phone : 011–23251844/66

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ISBN : 978-93-5013-547-1

Price : 150·00 (Rs. One Hundred Fifty Only) Code No. 1853

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

Preface This book is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction and knowledge of Computer Science subjects for all kinds of competitive examinations. This book contains all the major subjects of computer science stream, which are asked in many competitive exams. Now Computer Science is included as main subject in all state, central and private schools curriculum, for which they have to need of Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) and Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT), PRT. Especially this book is useful for Post Graduate Teacher (PGT) and Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT) recruitment like Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Haryana TET (HTET), Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board (DSSSB TGT), Goa TET and many other state and central government schools teachers. It also covers the contents for many other examinations like Bank Specialist Officer, Probationary Officer, Clerk, RBI, Prasar Bharti, Intelligence Bureau, SSC etc. My special thanks to my loving son Reyansh, father Mr. Indra Deo Bharti (Assistant Engineer) Indian Telephone Industries Limited Raebareli, Mother Mrs. Dhanavati Devi, Wife Mrs. Vineeta for their emotional support. I also thankful to Dr. Sanjay Singh (Director, Aerospace Engineering Department) Amity University Noida, Mr. Shekhar Suman (Cabinet Secretariat), Mr. Nishant Hind (Assistant Professor) NIET Greater Noida, and my all other colleagues and friends. I take this opportunity to convey my gratitude to the Editorial Team Upkar Prakashan Agra, for painstaking and sincere efforts in bringing out this edition in an excellent form and in very short time. Although every effort has been made to keep the book error free, yet some printing errors might have been overlooked. If you notice any mistake, error or discrepancy, I would be extremely thankful if the same is brought to our notice. —Author

Contents 1. Computer Introduction …………………...………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 2. Microsoft Window and MS DOS ……………...……..…………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 3. Internet & Web Technology …………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 4. MS Word/MS Access/Excel …………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 5. Digital Electronics……………………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 6. Programming in C Language …………………………….….………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 7. Data Structure ………………………………………………..………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 8. Computer Network & Communication ……………………..………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 9. Object Oriented Programming Concept Using C++ …………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 10. Computer Graphics ………………………………………….………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 11. Database Management System ………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 12. Computer Hardware …………………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 13. Operating System ……………………………………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. 14. Computer Organization & Architecture ……………………………… * Multiple Choice Questions …………………...……………………………. ● Abbreviation …………………………………………………………… ● Computer Terminology ………………...………………………………

3–12 8

13–25 21

26–36 31

37–51 47

52–63 59

64–73 70

74–85 80

86–93 90

94–110 105

111–119 116

120–129 124

130–146 141

147–162 156

163–182 176

183–184 185–207

Computer Science

1

Computer Introduction

Computer

History and Generations of Computers

Computer is miracle of 20th century, it is an electronic computing device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes ENIAC The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), designed and constructed under the supervision of Jonh Mauchly and John Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, was the world’s first general-purpose electronic digital computer. The project was a response to U.S. wartime needs. Mauchly, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and Eckert, one of his graduate students, proposed to build a general-purpose computer using vacuum tubes. In 1943, this proposal was accepted by the Army, and work began on the ENIAC. The resulting machine was enormous, weighting 30 tons, occupying 15,000 square feet of floor space, and containing more than 18,000 vacuum tubes. When operating, it consumed 140 kilowatts of power. It was faster than any electronicmechanical computer, being capable of 5000 additions per second.

Commercial Computers

Area of Computer applications ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Education Scientific Research Industrial Application Computer Aided Designing Astronomy & Astrophysics Aviation Robotics E-Governance Online shopping

The 1950s was the birth of the computer industry with two companies, Sperry and IBM, dominating the marketplace. In 1947, Eckert and Mauchly formed the Eckert-Maunchly computer Corporation to manufacture computers commercially. Their first successful machine was the UNIVAC-I (Universal Automatic Computer), which was commissioned by the Bureau of the Census for the 1950 calculations. The Eckert-Maunchly Computer Corporation became part of the UNIVAC division of SperryRand Corporation, which went on to build a series of successor machines.

The Second Generation : Transistors The first major change in the electronic computer came with the replacement of the

4 | Computer Sc. (T. & P.) vacuum tube by the transistor. The transistor is smaller, cheaper, and dissipates less heal than a vacuum tube but can be used in the same way as a vacuum tube to construct computers. Unlike the vacuum tube, which requires wires, metal plates, a glass capsule, and a vacuum, the transistor is a solid-state device, made from silicon.

● ●

Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU)

The Third Generation : Integrated Circuits (IC) A single, self-contained transistor is called a discrete component. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, electronic equipment was composed largely of discrete components—transistors, resistors, capacitors, and so on. Discrete components were manufactured separately, packaged in their own containers, and soldered or wired together onto circuit boards, which were then installed in computers, oscilloscopes, and other electronic equipment. Whenever an electronic device called for a transistor, a little tube of metal containing a pinhead-sized piece of silicon had to be soldered to a circuit hoard. The entire manufacturing process, from transistor to circuit board, was expensive and cumbersome. In 1958 came the achievement that revolutionized electronics and started the era of microelectronics: the invention of the integrated circuit. It is the integrated circuit that defines the third generation of computers. Perhaps the two most important members of the third generation are the IBM System/360 and the DEC PDP-8.

Fourth Generations : Very Large Scale Integration There have been a fourth and a fifth generation, based on advances in integrated circuit technology. With the introduction of large-scale integration (LSI), more than 1000,000 components can be placed on a single integrated circuit chip. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) achieved more than 1000,000,000 components per chip, and current VLSI chips can contain more than 1000.000 components.

Functional Units of Computer Computer allocates the task between its various functional units. The computer system is divided into three separate functional units for its operation. They are : ● Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Basic block diagram of a computer

Central Processing Unit ( CPU) The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central processing unit. You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. It is just like brain that takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of calculations and directs different parts of the computer functions by activating and controlling the operations.

Arithmetic Logical Unit ( ALU) After you enter data through the input device it is stored in the Primary storage unit. The actual processing of the data and instruction are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required. After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further processing or getting stored.

Control Unit (CU) The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion. The control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board operator when several users access the computer simultaneously.

Computer Sc. (T. & P.) | 5

Processor It is also called Central Processing Unit (CPU) or Brain of Computer system. The main unit inside the computer is the CPU, it is also called the brain of the computer system. This unit is responsible for all events inside the computer. It controls all internal and external devices, performs arithmetic and logic operations. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the device that interprets and executes instructions.

Computer Languages and Scripting Languages (a) Low Level Language (i) Machine Language (ii) Assembly Language (iii) High Level Language

(i) Machine Language These language instructions are directly executed by CPU .It is in the form of ‘0’ and ‘1’ means in binary language.

(ii) Assembly Language The endeavor of giving machine language instructions a name structure that means bit strings of instructions of machine language are given name here.

(iii) High Level Language The user friendly language more natural language than assembly language. Like C++, Java, COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC etc.

Assembler Software Software, simply are the computer programs. The instructions given to the computer in the form of a program is called Software. Software is the set of programs, which are used for different purposes. All the programs used in computer to perform specific task is called Software.

It is a program written in a computer language which convert assembly language into machine language.

Complier It is also a program written in a computer language, which convert high level to machine language.

Types of Software 1. System software (a) Operating System Software : Operating system is an example of system software ,which provide the platform to the application softwares. DOS, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Unix/Linux, MAC/OS X etc. (b) Utility Software : Windows Explorer (File/Folder Management), Windows Media Player, Anti-Virus Utilities, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Clean, BackUp, WinZip, WinRAR etc…

2. Application software (a) Package Software : Ms. Office 2003, Ms. Office 2007, Macromedia (Dreamweaver, Flash, Freehand), Adobe (PageMaker, PhotoShop). (b) Tailored or Custom Software : SAGE (Accounting), Galileo/Worldspan (Travel) etc.

Types of Computer on the Basis of Working Principle (a) Analog Computer An analog computer (spelt analogue in British English) is a form of computer that uses continuous physical phenomena such as electrical,

6 | Computer Sc. (T. & P.) mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.

Analog Computers

(b) Digital Computer A computer that performs calculations and logical operations with quantities represented as digits, usually in the binary number system.

(c) Hybrid Computer : (Analog + Digital) A combination of computers those are capable of inputting and outputting in both digital and analog signals. A hybrid computer system setup offers a cost effective method of performing complex simulations.

Super Computer

The major difference between a super computer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many programs concurrently.

(b) Mainframe Computer Mainframe Computer is very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor (in watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to super computers at the top, mainframes are just below super computers. In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But super computers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.

Hybrid Computers

Computer Types on the Basis of Size (a) Super Computer The fastest type of computer. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, and petroleum exploration.

Mainframe Computer

(c) Mini Computer A mid-sized computer. In size and power, mini computers lie between workstations and mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction

Computer Sc. (T. & P.) | 7 between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

(iii) Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary/Notebook/PDAs : A hand-sized computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an input and output device.

(d) Micro Computer (i) Desktop Computer : A personal or micromini computer sufficient to fit on a desk.

Palmtop

Desktop Computer

(ii) Laptop Computer : A portable computer complete with an integrated screen and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer and larger than a notebook computer.

Notebook

(e) Workstations

Laptop

It is a terminal or desktop computer in a network. In this context, workstation is just a generic term for a user's machine (client machine) in contrast to a "server" or "mainframe."

Workstations

Booting The process of loading the system files of the operating system from the disk into the computer memory to complete the circuitry requirement of the computer system is called booting.

8 | Computer Sc. (T. & P.)

Multiple Choice Questions 1. The radian of a number system— (A) Is variable (B) Has nothing to do with digit position value (C) Equals the number of its distinct counting digits (D) Is always an even number 2. The section of the CPU that selects, interprets and monitor the execution of program instructions— (A) Memory (B) Register unit (C) Control unit (D) ALU 3. The term referring to evacuating the content of some part of the machine is known as— (A) Dump (B) Enhancement (C) Down (D) Compiler 4. A single packet on a data link is known as— (A) Path (B) Frame (C) Block (D) Group 5. The examination and changing of single bits or small groups of bits within a word is called— (A) Bit (B) Byte (C) Bit manipulation (D) Bit slice 6. The symbols used in an assembly language are— (A) Codes (B) Mnemonics (C) Assembler (D) All of the above 7. The average time necessary for find the correct sector of a disk to arrive at the read write head is ? (A) Down time (B) Seek time (C) Rotational delay (D) Access time 8. ASCII stands for— (A) American standard code for information interchange (B) All purpose scientific code for information interchange (C) American security code for information interchange (D) American Scientific code for information interchange

9. Which device of computer operation dispenses with the use of the keyboard ? (A) Joystick (B) Light pen (C) Mouse (D) Touch 10. Any storage device added to a computer beyond the immediately usable main storage is known as— (A) Floppy disk (B) Hard disk (C) Backing store (D) Punched card 11. The brain of any computer system is— (A) ALU (B) Memory (C) CPU (D) Control unit 12. What difference does the 5th generation computer have from other generation computers ? (A) Technological advancement (B) Scientific code (C) Object Oriented Programming (D) All of the above 13. The tracks on a disk which can be accused without repositioning the R/W heads is— (A) Surface (B) Cylinder (C) Cluster (D) All of the above 14. Which of the following is the 1's complement of 10 ? (A) 01 (B) 110 (C) 11 (D) 10 15. Which part interprets program instructions and initiate control operations— (A) Input (B) Storage unit (C) Logic unit (D) Control unit 16. A computer program that converts assembly language to machine language is— (A) Compiler (B) Interpreter (C) Assembler (D) Comparator 17. The time required for the fetching and execution of one simple machine instruction is— (A) Delay time (B) CPU cycle (C) Real time (D) Seek time 18. The time for which a piece of equipment operates is called— (A) Seek time (B) Effective time (C) Access time (D) Real time

Computer Sc. (T. & P.) | 9 19. Any type of storage that is used for holding information between steps in its processing is— (A) CPU (B) Primary storage (C) Intermediate storage (D) Internal storage 20. A program component that allows structuring of a program in an unusual way is known as— (A) Correlation (B) Coroutine (C) Diagonalization (D) Quene 21. Which output device is used for translating information from a computer into pictorial form on paper— (A) Mouse (B) Plotter (C) Touch panel (D) Card punch 22. The list of coded instructions is called— (A) Computer program (B) Algorithm (C) Flowchart (D Utility programs 23. A device designed to read information encoded into a small plastic card is ? (A) Magnetic tape (B) Badge reader (C) Tape puncher (D) Card puncher 24. A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one master is— (A) Cylinder (B) Cluster (C) Surface (D) Track 25. The first generation was based on the processors ? (A) 4 (C) 16

of computers available How much bit micro (B) 8 (D) 64

26. The complete picture of data stored in database is known as ? (A) Record (B) Schema (C) System flowchart (D) DBMS 27. Which is a unit representing the Bit rate— (A) Baud (B) Byte (C) Bit (D) All of the above

28. The personnel who deals with the computer & its management put together are called— (A) Software (B) Humanware (C) Firmware (D) Hardware 29. Compilers and interpreters are themselves— (A) High-level language (B) Codes (C) Programs (D) Mnemonics 30. Compression of digital data for efficient storage is— (A) Buffer (B) CPU (C) Packing (D) Field 31. A memory that holds micro programs is ? (A) Core memory (B) ROM (C) RAM (D) Control memory 32. The organization and interconnection of the various components of a computer system is— (A) Architecture (B) Networks (C) Graphics (D) Designing 33. Which of the following is the coding of data so that is can't be easily understood if intercepted. (A) Barcode (B) Decoder (C) Encryption (D) Mnemonics 34. Which network is a packet switching network? (A) Ring network (B) LAN (C) Star network (D) EuroNET 35. Who is considered the ‘father’ of the minicomputer and one of the founder fathers of the modern computer industry world-wide? (A) George Tate (B) Kenneth H. Olsen (C) Seymour Cray (D) Blaiz Pascal 36. Where have the program and data to be located before the ALU and control unit of a computer can operate on it ? (A) Internal memory (B) Secondary memory (C) Microprocessor (D) Magnetic tapes 37. Control Unit of a digital computer is often called the— (A) Clock (B) Nerve center (C) ICs (D) All of the above

10 | Computer Sc. (T. & P.) 38. Time during which a job is processed by the computer is— (A) Delay time (B) Real time (C) Execution time (D) Down time

46. The memory which is ultraviolet light erasable and electrically programmable is— (A) ROM (B) PROM (C) RAM (D) EPROM

39. The software used to convert source program instructions to object instruction is known as— (A) Compiler (B) Assembler (C) Interpreter (D) Language processor

47. A hashing scheme is used with— (A) sequential file organization (B) direct file organization (C) indexed sequential file organization (D) partitioned file organization

40. An instruction that transfers program control to one or more possible paths is known as— (A) Utility program (B) System software (C) Broadband channel (D) Application program 41. A ………is simply multiple disk drives drive to the user. (A) disk (C) bunch of disks

an arrangement where appear as a single disk (B) disk array (D) disk pack

42. Which of the following holds data and processing instructions temporarily until the CPU needs it ? (A) ROM (B) Control unit (C) Main memory (D) Coprocessor chips 43. The language that is an input for statement translation is called— (A) Assembly language (B) Source language (C) High-level language (D) Object language 44. Before a disk drive can access any sector record, a computer program has to provide the record's disk address. What information does this address specify ? (A) Track number (B) Sector number (C) Surface number (D) All of the above 45. A high speed device used in CPU for temporary storage during processing is called— (A) A register (B) A bus (C) A databus (D) All of the above

48. The time taken for the read/write head to move to the correct track on the magnetic disk is called— (A) epoch delay (B) latency delay (C) seek time (D) approach time 49. Computer Operators— (A) Write computer programs for specific problems (B) Operate the devices which input and output data from the computer (C) Normally require a college degree in computer science (D) All of the above 50. Why is the width of the data bus so important to the processing speed of a computer ? (A) The narrower it is, the greater the computer's processing speed (B) The wider it is, the more data that can fit into main memory (C) The wider it is, the greater the computer's processing speed (D) The wider it is, the slower the computer's processing speed 51. Which of the following are the two main components of the CPU ? (A) Control Unit and Registers (B) Registers and Main Memory (C) Control unit and ALU (D) ALU and bus 52. The two basic types of record access methods are— (A) Sequential and random (B) Sequential and indexed (C) Direct and immediate (D) Online and real time

Computer Sc. (T. & P.) | 11 53. A disadvantage of the laser printer is— (A) It is quieter than an impact printer (B) It is very slow (C) The output is of a lower quality (D) None of the above 54. Different components in the motherboard of a PC unit are linked together by sets of parallel electrical conducting lines. What are these lines called ? (A) Conductors (B) Buses (C) Connectors (D) Consecutives 55. The language that the computer can understand and execute is called— (A) Machine language (B) Application software (C) System program (D) All of the above 56. Which of the following is used as a primary storage device ? (A) Magnetic drum (B) PROM (C) Floppy disk (D) All of these 57. Which of the following memories needs refresh ? (A) SRAM (B) DRAM (C) ROM (D) All of above 58. Which of the following devices can be used to directly input printed text ? (A) OCR (B) OMR (C) MICR (D) All of above 59. The output quality of a printer is measured by— (A) Dot per cm (B) Dots per inch (C) Dots printed per unit time (D) All of the above 60. In analog computer— (A) Input is first converted to digital form (B) Input is never converted to digital form (C) Output is displayed in digital form (D) All of the above

61. Who designed the first electronics computer– ENIAC (A) Von Neumann (B) Joseph M Jacquard (C) J. P. Eckert and J. W. Mauchly (D) All of the above 62. Modern computers are very reliable but they are not— (A) Fast (B) Powerful (C) Infallible (D) Cheap 63. Which 8-bit chip was used in many of today’s TRS-80 computers ? (A) Z-8000 (B) Motorola 6809 (C) Z-8808 (D) Z-80 64. Personal computers used a number of chips mounted on a main circuit board. What is the common name for such boards ? (A) Daughterboard (B) Motherboard (C) Father board (D) Childboard 65. In most of the IBM PCs, the CPU, the device drivers, memory, expansion slots and active components are mounted on a single board What is the name of the board ? (A) Motherboard (B) Daughterboard (C) Bredboard (D) Fatherboard 66. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time is called a/an— (A) Interpreter (B) CPU (C) Compiler (D) Simulator 67. A computer Program that translates one program instruction at a time into machine language is called a/an— (A) Interpreter (B) CPU (C) Compiler (D) Simulator 68. The memory which is programmed at the time it is manufactured— (A) POM (B) RAM (C) PROM (D) EPROM 69. Which of the following memory medium is not used as main memory system? (A) Magnetic core (B) Semiconductor (C) Magnetic tape (D) Both (A) and (B)

12 | Computer Sc. (T. & P.) 70. Registers, which are partially visible to users and used to hold conditional, data are known as— (A) PC (B) Memory address registers (C) General purpose register (D) Flags 71. One of the main feature that distinguish microprocessors from micro-computers is— (A) Words are usually larger in microprocessors (B) Words are shorter in microprocessors (C) Microprocessor does not contain I/O devices (D) Exactly the same as the machine cycle time 72. The least significant bit of the binary number, which is equivalent to any odd decimal number, is— (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1 or 0 (D) 3 73. What type of control pins are needed in a microprocessor to regulate traffic on the bus, in order to prevent two devices from trying to use it at the same time ? (A) Bus control (B) Interrupts (C) Bus arbitration (D) Status

74. When was the world’s first laptop computer introduced in the market and by whom ? (A) Hewlett-Packard (B) Epson, 1981 (C) Laplink traveling software Inc. 1982 (D) Tandy model-2000, 1985 75. The first microprocessor built by the Intel Corporation was called— (A) 8008 (B) 8080 (C) 4004 (D) 8800

Answers 1. (C) 6. (B) 11. (C) 16. (C) 21. (B) 26. (B) 31. (B) 36. (A) 41. (B) 46. (D) 51. (C) 56. (B) 61. (C) 66. (C) 71. (C)

2. (C) 7. (B) 12. (A) 17. (B) 22. (A) 27. (A) 32. (A) 37. (B) 42. (C) 47. (B) 52. (A) 57. (B) 62. (C) 67. (A) 72. (C)

3. (A) 8. (A) 13. (B) 18. (B) 23. (B) 28. (B) 33. (C) 38. (C) 43. (B) 48. (C) 53. (D) 58. (A) 63. (D) 68. (A) 73. (C)

4. (B) 9. (C) 14. (A) 19. (C) 24. (A) 29. (C) 34. (D) 39. (D) 44. (D) 49. (B) 54. (B) 59. (B) 64. (B) 69. (C) 74. (B)

5. (C) 10. (C) 15. (D) 20. (B) 25. (A) 30. (C) 35. (B) 40. (C) 45. (A) 50. (C) 55. (A) 60. (B) 65. (A) 70. (D) 75. (C) KK

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