31

loZJs"B dgkfu;ka izsepan

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

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31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka by Premchand ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this book may be reproduced in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording and or without permission of the publisher. Published by

MAPLE PRESS PRIVATE LIMITED office: A-63, Sector 58, Noida 201301, U.P., India phone: +91 120 455 3581, 455 3583 email: [email protected] website: www.maplepress.co.in Reprinted in 2019 Printed and bound in Noida, India ISBN: 978-93-50336-60-1

vuqØe 1- nks cSyksa dh dFkk 2- bZnxkg 3- iap ijes'oj 4- iwl dh jkr 5- eqÝr dk ;'k 6- tknw 7- ujd dk ekxZ 8- m¼kj 9- fuokZlu 10- dkS'ky 11- {kek 12- euq"; dk ije /eZ 13- xq#&ea=k 14- fofp=k gksyh 15- ckckth dk Hkksx 16- lkSHkkX; ds dksMs+ 17- lH;rk dk jgL; 18- pksjh 19- nÝrjh 20- foèoal

5 19 35 48 55 64 68 77 86 93 98 108 114 117 124 127 142 150 159 166

21- LoRo&j{kk 22- iwoZ&laLdkj 23- nqLlkgl 24- ckSM+e 25- xqIr/u 26- ,d vk¡p dh dlj 27- viuh djuh 28- ijh{kk 29- eafnj vkSj efLtn 30- ued dk nkjksxk 31- ySyk

171 178 186 195 204 212 218 230 234 247 257

nks cSyksa dh dFkk tkuojksa esa x/k lcls T;knk cqf¼eku le>k tkrk gSA ge tc fdlh vkneh dks igys ntsZ dk csodwiQ dguk pkgrs gSa] rks mls x/k dgrs gSaA x/k lpeqp csodwiQ gS ;k mlds lh/siu] mldh fujkin lfg".kqrk us mls ;g inoh ns nh gS] bldk fu'p; ugha fd;k tk ldrkA xk; lhax ekjrh gS] C;kgh gqbZ xk; rks vuk;kl gh flaguh dk :i /kj.k dj ysrh gSA dqÙkk Hkh cgqr xjhc tkuoj gS] ysfdu dHkh&dHkh mls Hkh Øks/ vk gh tkrk gS] fdUrq x/s dks dHkh Øks/ djrs ugha lquk] uk ns[kkA ftruk pkgks xjhc dks ekjks] pkgs tSlh [kjkc] lM+h gqbZ ?kkl lkeus Mky nks] mlds psgjs ij dHkh vlarks"k dh Nk;k Hkh ugha fn[kkbZ nsxhA oS'kk[k esa pkgs ,dk/ ckj dqysy dj ysrk gS] ij geus rks mls dHkh [kq'k gksrs ugha ns[kkA mlds psgjs ij LFkkbZ fo"kkn LFkk;h :i ls Nk;k jgrk gSA lq[k&nq%[k] gkfu&ykHk fdlh Hkh n'kk esa mls cnyrs ugha ns[kkA Íf"k;ksa&eqfu;ksa ds ftrus xq.k gSa] os lHkh mlesa ijkdk"Bk dks igq¡p x, gSa] ij vkneh mls csodwiQ dgrk gSA ln~xq.kksa dk bruk vuknj! dnkfpr lh/kiu lalkj ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gSA nsf[k, uk] Hkkjrokfl;ksa dh vizQhdk esa D;k nqnZ'kk gks jgh gS\ D;ksa vejhdk esa mUgsa ?kqlus ugha fn;k tkrk\ cspkjs 'kjkc ugha ihrs] pkj iSls dqle; ds fy, cpkdj j[krs gSa] th rksM+dj dke djrs gSa] fdlh ls yM+kbZ&>xM+k ugha djrs] pkj ckrsa lqudj xe [kk tkrs gSa fiQj Hkh cnuke gSaA dgk tkrk gS] os thou ds vkn'kZ dks uhpk djrs gSaA vxj os bZaV dk tokc iRFkj ls nsuk lh[k tkrs rks 'kk;n lH; dgykus yxrsA tkiku dh felky lkeus gSA ,d gh fot; us mls lalkj dh lH; tkfr;ksa esa x.; cuk fn;kA ysfdu x/s dk ,d NksVk HkkbZ vkSj Hkh gS] tks mlls de gh x/k gS vkSj og gS ^cSy*A

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

ftl vFkZ esa ge ^x/k* 'kCn dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] dqN mlh ls feyrs&tqyrs vFkZ esa ^cfN;k ds rkÅ* dk Hkh iz;ksx djrs gSaA dqN yksx cSy dks 'kk;n csodwiQh esa loZJs"B dgsaxs] exj gekjk fopkj ,slk ugha gSA cSy dHkh&dHkh ekjrk Hkh gS] dHkh&dHkh vfM+;y cSy Hkh ns[kus esa vkrk gSA vkSj Hkh dbZ jhfr;ksa ls viuk vlarks"k izdV dj nsrk gS] vr,o mldk LFkku x/s ls uhpk gSA >wjh ds ikl nks cSy Fks& ghjk vkSj eksrhA ns[kus esa lqanj] dke esa pkSdl] Mhy esa Å¡psA cgqr fnuksa lkFk jgrs&jgrs nksuksa esa HkkbZpkjk gks x;k FkkA nksuksa vkeus&lkeus ;k vkl&ikl cSBs gq, ,d&nwljs ls ewd Hkk"kk esa fopkj&fofue; fd;k djrs FksA ,d&nwljs ds eu dh ckr dks dSls le>k tkrk gS] ge dg ugha ldrsA vo'; gh muesa dksbZ ,slh xqIr 'kfDr Fkh] ftlls thoksa esa Js"Brk dk nkok djus okyk euq"; oafpr gSA nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks pkVdj lw¡?kdj viuk izse izdV djrs] dHkh&dHkh nksuksa lhax Hkh feyk fy;k djrs Fks] foxzg ds ukrs ls ugha] dsoy fouksn ds Hkko ls] vkReh;rk ds Hkko ls] tSls nksuksa esa ?kfu"Brk gksrs gh /kSy&/Iik gksus yxrk gSA blds fcuk nksLrh dqN iQqliQlh] dqN gYdh&lh jgrh gS] fiQj T;knk fo'okl ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ftl oDr ;s nksuksa cSy gy ;k xkM+h esa tksr fn, tkrs vkSj xjnu fgyk&fgykdj pyrs] ml le; gj ,d dh ps"Vk gksrh fd T;knk&ls&T;knk cks> esjh gh xnZu ij jgsA fnu&Hkj ds ckn nksigj ;k laè;k dks nksuksa [kqyrs rks ,d&nwljs dks pkV&pwV dj viuh Fkdku feVk fy;k djrs] ukan esa [kyh&Hkwlk iM+ tkus ds ckn nksuksa lkFk mBrs] lkFk ukan esa eq¡g Mkyrs vkSj lkFk gh cSBrs FksA ,d eq¡g gVk ysrk rks nwljk Hkh gVk ysrk FkkA la;ksx dh ckr] >wjh us ,d ckj xksbZ dks llqjky Hkst fn;kA cSyksa dks D;k ekywe] os dgk¡ Hksts tk jgs gSaA le>s] ekfyd us gesa csp fn;kA viuk ;ksa cspk tkuk mUgsa vPNk yxk ;k cqjk] dkSu tkus] ij >wjh ds lkys x;k dks ?kj rd xksbZ ys tkus esa nkarksa ilhuk vk x;kA 6

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ihNs ls gk¡drk rks nksuksa nk,¡&ck,¡ Hkkxrs] ixfg;k idM+dj vkxs ls [khaprk rks nksuksa ihNs dh vksj tksj yxkrsA ekjrk rks nksuksa lhaxs uhph djds gq¡dkjrsA vxj bZ'oj us mUgsa ok.kh nh gksrh rks >wjh ls iwNrs& rqe ge xjhcksa dks D;ksa fudky jgs gks\ geus rks rqEgkjh lsok djus esa dksbZ dlj ugha mBk j[khA vxj bruh esgur ls dke uk pyrk Fkk vkSj dke ys ysrsA gesa rks rqEgkjh pkdjh esa ej tkuk dcwy FkkA geus dHkh nkus&pkjs dh f'kdk;r ugha dhA rqeus tks dqN f[kyk;k] og flj >qdkdj [kk fy;k] fiQj rqeus gesa bl tkfye ds gkFk D;ksa csp fn;k\ laè;k le; nksuksa cSy vius u, LFkku ij igq¡psA fnuHkj ds Hkw[ks Fks] ysfdu tc ukan esa yxk, x, rks ,d us Hkh mlesa eq¡g ugha MkykA fny Hkkjh gks jgk FkkA ftls mUgksaus viuk ?kj le> j[kk Fkk] og vkt muls NwV x;kA ;g u;k ?kj] u;k xk¡o] u, vkneh mUgsa csxkus&ls yxrs FksA nksuksa us viuh ewd Hkk"kk esa lykg dh] ,d&nwljs dks duf[k;ksa ls ns[kk vkSj ysV x;sA tc xk¡o esa lksrk iM+ x;k rks nksuksa us tksj ekjdj ixgk rqM+k Mkyk vkSj ?kj dh rjiQ pysA ixgs cgqr etcwr FksA vuqeku uk gks ldrk Fkk fd dksbZ cSy mUgsa rksM+ ldsxk] ij bu nksuksa esa bl le; nwuh 'kfDr vk xbZ FkhA ,d&,d >Vds esa jfLl;k¡ VwV xbZaA >wjh izkr%dky lksdj mBk rks ns[kk fd nksuksa cSy pjuh ij [kM+s gSaA nksuksa dh xjnuksa esa vk/k&vk/k xjkao yVd jgk FkkA ?kqVus rd ikao dhpM+ ls Hkjs gSa vkSj nksuksa dh vk¡[kksa esa fonzksge; Lusg >yd jgk gSA >wjh cSyksa dks ns[kdj Lusg ls xn~xn gks x;kA nkSM+dj mUgsa xys yxk fy;kA izsekfyaxu vkSj pqEcu dk og n`'; cM+k gh euksgj FkkA ?kj vkSj xk¡o ds yM+ds tek gks x,] vkSj rkfy;k¡ ctk&ctkdj mudk Lokxr djus yxsA xk¡o ds bfrgkl esa ;g ?kVuk vHkwriwoZ uk gksus ij Hkh egRoiw.kZ Fkh] cky&lHkk us fu'p; fd;k] nksuksa i'kq&ohjksa 7

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

dks vfHkuUnu i=k nsuk pkfg,A dksbZ vius ?kj ls jksfV;k¡ yk;k] dksbZ xqM+] dksbZ pksdj] dksbZ HkwlhA ,d ckyd us dgk& ¶,sls cSy fdlh ds ikl uk gksaxsA¸ nwljs us leFkZu fd;k& ¶bruh nwj ls nksuksa vdsys pys vk,A¸ rhljk cksyk& ¶cSy ugha gSa os] ml tUe ds vkneh gSaA¸ bldk izfrokn djus dk fdlh dks lkgl ugha gqvkA >wjh dh L=kh us cSyksa dks }kj ij ns[kk rks ty mBhA cksyh& ¶dSls ued&gjke cSy gSa fd ,d fnu ogk¡ dke uk fd;k] Hkkx [kM+s gq,A¸ >wjh vius cSyksa ij ;g vk{ksi uk lqu ldk& ¶ued&gjke D;ksa gSa\ pkjk&nkuk uk fn;k gksxk rks D;k djrs\¸ L=kh us jksc ds lkFk dgk& ¶cl] rqEgha rks cSyksa dks f[kykuk tkurs gks vkSj rks lHkh ikuh fiyk&fiykdj j[krs gSaA¸ >wjh us fp x, fd bl oDr Vky tkuk gh Hkyeulkgr gSA 9

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

vkt nksuksa ds lkeus fiQj ogh lw[kk Hkwlk yk;k x;k] nksuksa pqipki [kM+s jgsA ?kj esa yksx Hkkstu djus yxsA ml oDr NksVh&lh yM+dh nks jksfV;k¡ fy, fudyh vkSj nksuksa ds eq¡g esa nsdj pyh xbZA ml ,d jksVh ls budh Hkw[k rks D;k 'kkUr gksrh] ij nksuksa ds ân; dks ekuks Hkkstu fey x;kA ;gk¡ Hkh fdlh lTtu dk okl gSA yM+dh HkSjks dh FkhA mldh ek¡ ej pqdh FkhA lkSrsyh ek¡ mls ekjrh jgrh Fkh] blfy, bu cSyksa ls ,d izdkj dh vkReh;rk gks xbZ FkhA nksuksa fnu&Hkj tkrs] MaMs [kkrs] vM+rs] 'kke dks Fkku ij cka/ fn, tkrs vkSj jkr dks ogh ckfydk mUgsa nks jksfV;k¡ f[kyk tkrhA izse ds bl izlkn dh ;g cjdr Fkh fd nks&nks xky lw[kk Hkwlk [kkdj Hkh nksuksa nqcZy uk gksrs Fks] exj nksuksa dh vk¡[kksa esa] jkse&jkse esa fonzksg Hkjk gqvk FkkA ,d fnu eksrh us ewd&Hkk"kk esa dgk& ¶vc rks ugha lgk tkrk ghjk!¸ ¶D;k djuk pkgrs gks\¸ ¶,dk/ dks lhaxksa ij mBkdj isaQd nwaxkA¸ ¶ysfdu tkurs gks] og I;kjh yM+dh] tks gesa jksfV;k¡ f[kykrh gS] mlh dh yM+dh gS] tks bl ?kj dk ekfyd gS] ;g cspkjh vukFk gks tk,xhA¸ ¶rks ekyfdu dks isaQd nw¡] ogh rks bl yM+dh dks ekjrh gSA¸ ¶ysfdu vkSjr tkr ij lhax pykuk euk gS] ;g Hkwy tkrs gksA¸ ¶rqe rks fdlh rjg fudyus gh ugha nsrs] crkvks] rqM+kdj Hkkx pysaA¸ ¶gk¡] ;g eSa Lohdkj djrk] ysfdu bruh eksVh jLlh VwVsxh dSlsA¸ ¶bldk ,d mik; gS] igys jLlh dks FkksM+k pck yksA fiQj ,d >Vds esa tkrh gSA¸ jkr dks tc ckfydk jksfV;k¡ f[kykdj pyh xbZ rks nksuksa jfLl;k¡ pckus yxs] ij eksVh jLlh eq¡g esa uk vkrh FkhA cspkjs ckj&ckj tksj yxkdj jg tkrs FksA 10

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lglk ?kj dk }kj [kqyk vkSj og yM+dh fudyhA nksuksa flj >qdkdj mldk gkFk pkVus yxsA nksuksa dh iw¡Nsa [kM+h gks xbZaA mlus muds ekFks lgyk, vkSj cksyh& ¶[kksy nsrh gw¡] pqids ls Hkkx tkvks] ugha rks ;s yksx ekj MkysaxsA vkt ?kj esa lykg gks jgh gS fd budh ukdksa esa ukFk Mky nh tk,A¸ mlus xjkao [kksy fn;k] ij nksuksa pqi [kM+s jgsA eksrh us viuh Hkk"kk esa iwNk& ¶vc pyrs D;ksa ugha\¸ ghjk us dgk& ¶pysa rks] ysfdu dy bl vukFk ij vkiQr vk,xh] lc blh ij lansg djsaxsA¸ lglk ckfydk fpYykbZ& ¶nksuksa iwQiQk okys cSy Hkkxs tk jgs gSa] vks nknk! nksuksa cSy Hkkxs tk jgs gSa] tYnh nkSM+ksA¸ x;k gM+cM+kdj Hkhrj ls fudyk vkSj cSyksa dks idM+us pykA os nksuksa HkkxsA x;k us ihNk fd;kA vkSj Hkh rst gq,A x;k us 'kksj epk;kA fiQj xk¡o ds dqN vknfe;ksa dks Hkh lkFk ysus ds fy, ykSVkA nksuksa fe=kksa dks Hkkxus dk ekSdk fey x;kA lh/s nkSM+rs pys x,A ;gk¡ rd fd ekxZ dk Kku uk jgkA ftl ifjfpr ekxZ ls vk, Fks] mldk ;gk¡ irk uk FkkA u,&u, xk¡o feyus yxsA rc nksuksa ,d [ksr ds fdukjs [kM+s gksdj lkspus yxs] vc D;k djuk pkfg,A ghjk us dgk& ¶eq>s ekywe gksrk gS] jkg Hkwy x,A¸ ¶rqe Hkh csrgk'kk Hkkxs] ogha mls ekj fxjkuk FkkA¸ ¶mls ekj fxjkrs rks nqfu;k D;k dgrh\ og vius /eZ NksM+ ns] ysfdu ge viuk /eZ D;ksa NksM+sa\¸ nksuksa Hkw[k ls O;kdqy gks jgs FksA [ksr esa eVj [kM+h FkhA pjus yxsA jg&jgdj vkgV ys ysrs FksA dksbZ vkrk rks ugha gSA tc isV Hkj x;k] nksuksa us vktknh dk vuqHko fd;k rks eLr gksdj mNyus&dwnus yxsA igys nksuksa us Mdkj yhA fiQj lhax feyk, vkSj ,d&nwljs dks Bsdus yxsA eksrh us ghjk dks dbZ dne ihNs gVk fn;k] ;gk¡ rd fd og [kkbZ esa fxj x;kA rc mls Hkh Øks/ vk x;kA 11

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

laHkydj mBk vkSj eksrh ls fHkM+ x;kA eksrh us ns[kk fd [ksy esa >xM+k gqvk pkgrk gS] rks fdukjs gV x;kA vjs! ;g D;k\ dksbZ lkaM MkSadrk pyk vk jgk gSA gk¡] lkaM gh gSA og lkeus vk igq¡pkA nksuksa fe=k cxysa >k¡d jgs FksA lkaM iwjk gkFkh FkkA mlls fHkM+uk tku ls gkFk /ksuk gS] ysfdu uk fHkM+us ij Hkh tku cprh utj ugha vkrhA bUgha dh rjiQ vk Hkh jgk gSA fdruh Hk;adj lwjr gS! eksrh us ewd&Hkk"kk esa dgk& ¶cqjs iQ¡lsA tku cpsxh\ dksbZ mik; lkspksA¸ ghjk us fpafrr Loj esa dgk& ¶vius ?keaM esa iwQyk gqvk gS] vkjtw&fourh uk lqusxkA¸ ¶Hkkx D;ksa uk pysa\¸ ¶Hkkxuk dk;jrk gSA¸ ¶rks fiQj ;gha ejksA cank rks ukS nks X;kjg gksrk gSA¸ ¶vkSj tks nkSM+k,\¸ ¶rks fiQj dksbZ mik; lkspks] tYn!¸ ¶mik; ;g gS fd ml ij nksuksa tus ,d lkFk pksV djsaA eSa vkxs ls jxsnrk gw¡] rqe ihNs ls jxsnks] nksgjh ekj iM+sxh rks Hkkx [kM+k gksxkA esjh vksj >iVs] rqe cxy ls mlds isV esa lhax ?kqlsM+ nsukA tku tksf[ke gS] ij nwljk mik; ugha gSA¸ nksuksa fe=k tku gFksyh ij ysdj yidsA lkaM dks Hkh laxfBr 'k=kqvksa ls yM+us dk rtqjck uk FkkA og rks ,d 'k=kq ls ey&;q¼ djus dk vknh FkkA T;ksa&gh ghjk ij >iVk] eksrh us ihNs ls nkSM+k;kA lkaM mldh rjiQ eqM+k rks ghjk us jxsnkA lkaM pkgrk Fkk fd ,d&,d djds nksuksa dks fxjk ys] ij ;s nksuksa Hkh mLrkn FksA mls og volj gh uk nsrs FksA ,d ckj lkaM >Yykdj ghjk dk var dj nsus ds fy, pyk fd eksrh us cxy ls vkdj mlds isV esa lhax Hkksad fn;kA lkaM Øks/ esa vkdj ihNs fiQjk rks ghjk us nwljs igyw esa lhaxsa pqHkk fn;kA vkf[kj cspkjk t[eh gksdj 12

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Hkkxk vkSj nksuksa fe=kksa us nwj rd mldk ihNk fd;kA ;gk¡ rd fd lkaM csne gksdj fxj iM+kA rc nksuksa us mls NksM+ fn;kA nksuksa fe=k thr ds u'ks esa >wers pys tkrs FksA eksrh us lkadsfrd Hkk"kk esa dgk& ¶esjk th pkgrk Fkk fd cPpk dks ekj gh Mkyw¡A¸ ghjk us frjLdkj fd;k& ¶fxjs gq, cSjh ij lhax uk pykuk pkfg,A¸ ¶;g lc esa uk vkrk Fkk] ;g dSlk Lokeh gSA blls rks x;k fiQj Hkh vPNk FkkA ;gk¡ dbZ HkSals Fkha] dbZ cdfj;ka] dbZ ?kksM+s] dbZ x/s] ij fdlh ds lkeus pkjk uk Fkk] lc tehu ij eqnksaZ dh rjg iM+s FksA dbZ rks brus detksj gks x;s Fks fd [kM+s Hkh uk gks ldrs FksA lkjk fnu fe=k iQkVd dh vksj VdVdh yxk, jgrs] ij dksbZ pkjk ysdj vkrk fn[kkbZ uk fn;kA rc nksuksa us nhokj dh uedhu feV~Vh pkVuh 'kq: dh] ij blls D;k r`fIr gksrhA jkr dks Hkh tc dqN Hkkstu uk feyk rks ghjk ds fny esa fonzksg dh Tokyk ngd mBhA eksrh ls cksyk& ¶vc ugha jgk tkrk eksrh!¸ 13

31 loZJs"B dgkfu;ka

eksrh us flj yVdk, gq, tokc fn;k& ¶eq>s rks ekywe gksrk gS fd izk.k fudy jgs gSaA¸ ¶vkvks nhokj rksM+ MkysaA¸ ¶eq>ls rks vc dqN ugha gksxkA¸ ¶cl blh cwrs ij vdM+rs Fks!¸ ¶lkjh vdM+ fudy xbZA¸ ckM+s dh nhokj dPph FkhA ghjk etcwr rks Fkk gh] vius uqdhys lhax nhokj esa xM+k fn, vkSj tksj ekjk rks feV~Vh dk ,d fpIiM+ fudy vk;kA fiQj rks mldk lkgl cs bruk LokFkhZ le>rs gks] ghjk ge vkSj rqe brus fnuksa ,d lkFk jgs gSaA vkt rqe foifÙk esa iM+ x, gks rks eSa rqEgsa NksM+dj vyx gks tkÅa\¸ ghjk us dgk& ¶cgqr ekj iM+sxh] yksx le> tk,axs] ;g rqEgkjh 'kjkjr gSA¸ eksrh us xoZ ls cksyk& ¶ftl vijk/ ds fy, rqEgkjs xys esa ca/uk iM+k] mlds fy, vxj eq>s ekj iM+s] rks D;k fparkA bruk rks gks gh x;k fd ukS&nl izkf.k;ksa dh tku cp xbZ] os lc rks vk'khokZn nsaxsA¸ ;g dgrs gq, eksrh us nksuksa x/ksa dks lhaxksa ls ekj&ekjdj ckM+s ls ckgj fudkyk vkSj rc vius ca/q ds ikl vkdj lks x;kA Hkksj gksrs gh eqa'kh vkSj pkSdhnkj rFkk vU; deZpkfj;ksa esa dSlh [kycyh eph] blds fy[kus dh t:jr ughaA cl] bruk gh dkiQh gS fd eksrh dh [kwc ejEer gqbZ vkSj mls Hkh eksVh jLlh ls cka/ fn;k x;kA ,d lIrkg rd nksuksa fe=k ogk¡ ca/s iM+s jgsA fdlh us pkjs dk ,d r`.k Hkh uk MkykA gk¡] ,d ckj ikuh fn[kk fn;k tkrk FkkA ;gh mudk vk/kj FkkA nksuksa brus nqcZy gks x, Fks fd mBk rd ugha tkrk Fkk] BBfj;ka fudy vkbZa FkhaA 15

eqa'kh çsepan dk uke /uir jk; FkkA eqa'kh th dk tUe 31 tqykbZ lu~ 1880 dks cukjl ds ikl yegh uked xkao eas gqvk FkkA eè;e oxZ ifjokj esa tUe ysus ds dkj.k mUgksaus vHkko vkSj vlqfo/kvksa ds chp tu&thou dks cgqr gh xgjkbZ ls ns[kk vkSj viuk thou lkfgR; ds izfr lefiZr dj fn;kA mUgsa ,d egku miU;kldkj] dFkkdkj vkSj cgqr lh mikf/;kas ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 8 vDVwcj lu~ 1936 dks eqa'kh th dk chekjh ds dkj.k fuèku gks x;kA bl dFkk&laxzg esa izsepan us lekt O;oLFkk] /eZ] tkfr rFkk BsB nsgkrh thou dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ^nks cSyksa dh dFkk* dgkuh esa Hkkjrh; lekt esa i'kq dh egÙkk ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA ^bZnxkg* dgkuh esa ,d eklwe cPpk tks esys ns[kus ds fy, feys iSls ls viuh eka dks fpeVk [kjhn dj nsrk gSA ^iwl dh jkr* dgkuh esa ,d xjhc fdlku tks iwl dh jkr (BaM ekSle) esa dEcy ds vHkko esa [ksr dh j[kokyh djus ij etcwj gS] ij mlds [ksr dks uhy xk; u"V dj nsrh gSaA

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