Recent Advances in

FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY

Recent Advances in

FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY V O L U M E

Editor

Gautam Biswas  MD

Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India

Forewords Padma Bhushan Prof. P Chandra Sekharan Prof. Anil Aggrawal

The Health Sciences Publishers

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Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Volume 1) First Edition: 2015 ISBN: 978-93-5152-558-5

Printed at Repro India Limited

Dedicated to

Late Dr (Maj. Gen.) Ajit Singh Philosopher, guide and mentor

Late Mr Gurupada Biswas (Dad) Inspiration and admiration

And

My dear wife Anupama and son Gaurav for making each moment worth living…

Contributors

Shouvanik Adhya Assistant Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology College of Medicine and JNM Hospital West Bengal University of Health Sciences Kalyani, West Bengal, India [email protected] Chapter: 21

Swapnil S Agarwal Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Pramukhswami Medical College and Shree Krishna Hospital Anand, Gujarat, India [email protected] Chapter: 9

Gautam Biswas Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] Chapters: 1, 6, 8, 17

Tapas Kumar Bose Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Calcutta National Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal, India [email protected] Chapter: 21

Prabhas Chandra Chakraborty (Ex) Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Nilratan Sircar Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal, India [email protected] Chapter: 20

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Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Abhishek Das Assistant Professor Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Gangtok, Sikkim, India [email protected] Chapter: 20

Suresh K Dhattarwal Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Haryana, India [email protected] Chapter: 16

Sarvpreet Singh Grewal Professor and Head Department of Neurosurgery Christian Medical College (CMC) and Brown Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] Chapter: 13

Punit Gupta Senior Resident Department of Neurosurgery Christian Medical College (CMC) and Brown Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] Chapter: 13

Bhupesh Khajuria Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Government Medical College, Jammu Jammu and Kashmir, India [email protected] Chapter: 14

Contributors

Anil Kohli Reader Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital New Delhi, India [email protected] Chapters: 4, 10

Pradeep Kumar MV Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital Bengaluru, Karnataka, India [email protected] Chapter: 7

Jagadeesh Narayanareddy Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Bengaluru, Karnataka, India [email protected] Chapter: 15

Vijay Vasudev Pillay Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Amrita School of Medicine Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi, Kerala, India [email protected] Chapter: 3

Sandeep Puri Professor and Head Department of Medicine Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] Chapters: 11, 12

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Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

N Srinivasa Ragavan Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected] Chapter: 22

Nageshkumar G Rao Medicolegal Consultant Director, Medilegal Point, Manipal Former Professor, Head and Director Department of Forensic Medicine Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Manipal and Mangalore Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS) Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute (MMCRI)  Kanchipuram, Meenakshi University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS) Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

[email protected] Chapter: 18

Prateek Rastogi District Medicolegal Consultant and Associate Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical College Mangalore (Manipal University), Karnataka, India [email protected] Chapter: 19

Virendar Pal Singh Associate Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology DMC and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India [email protected] Chapter: 6

Aditi Verma Senior Lecturer Kalka Dental College Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] Chapter: 5

Contributors

Satish Kumar Verma Professor Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital New Delhi, India [email protected] Chapter: 5

Mukesh Yadav Professor and Head Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medical Sciences and Research Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India [email protected] Chapter: 2

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Foreword There are not many good and useful books on forensic medicine and toxicology for Indian students, researchers and practitioners of both medicine and law. In this context, Dr Gautam Biswas’s Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Volume 1) is a welcome one. The book is a compilation of well-written chapters, each chapter bearing an interesting topic and being handled by renowned expert(s) in that field. Vijay Vasudev Pillay’s chapter Euthanasia: Legal, Social and Humanitarian Aspects ponders on the ethical issues involved in the procedure and the current legal status around the world. Bhupesh Khajuria’s chapter An Approach to a Case of Near-hanging and Attempted Strangulation deals with the tricky problems of ‘homicide or suicide’ decisions, and is a necessary update. The treatise on Dyadic Deaths by Nageshkumar G Rao is a novel one, not usually dealt with in books on forensic medicine. This is an interesting topic to be read by all those interested in forensics. Grievous hurt which is concerned with opining the nature of injuries has been dealt admirably by Anil Kohli. Some chapters are handled by experienced clinicians while the editor himself has dealt with diverse topics ranging from consent, court room procedures, medical records to judicial hanging. All the chapters are useful and written in lucid technical language along with necessary illustrations and photographs. Dr Gautam’s updated book on Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Volume 1) is highly commendable and recommended as a guide not only to forensic practitioners in medicine and law but also to students aspiring for higher studies and research in forensic medicine.

Padma Bhushan Prof. P Chandra Sekharan Consultant-in-Chief, Forensics International Fellow, American College of Forensic Examiners Institute Honorary Professor, Dr Ambedkar Law University, Chennai Guest Faculty, National Law School of India University Bengaluru, Karnataka, India [Formerly, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, National Law University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan Emeritus Fellow, University of Madras UGC Professor, Faculty Forensic Engineering, Anna University Professor-Director, Forensic Sciences Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India]

Foreword It is a pleasure and an honor to write a foreword for Gautam Biswas’s Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Volume 1). We all are aware of the stupendous success his textbook Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology enjoys. I myself refer to his book for my lectures and court work. However, whenever I had an occasion to talk to him, I always goaded him to write a textbook on forensic medicine for postgraduate students. Such a book currently does not exist and our postgraduates have to run from pillar to post in order to get material for their examinations. There are a few excellent books for postgraduates published in the US and UK, but they mainly cater to foreign milieu, and do not deal with Indian situation and law at all. For instance, one would not find an advanced text on forensic medicine, dealing with, say, latest changes in rape law, euthanasia, medical records, age, sex verification, or issues regarding grievous hurt for that matter. Gautam has been kind enough to send me the proofs of all 22 chapters in his book. Initially, we had mutually decided that I would write an epilogue to each chapter and this idea sounded very attractive to me, because then I would get a chance to express my opinion on each chapter, which was my fond dream. However, due to my own limitations, I could not do that. And thankfully Gautam, magnanimous as he is, did not mind that. I have gone through each chapter in great detail and find each chapter well written. Each chapter includes, as one would expect in a book of this nature, latest advances in the subject that the chapter deals with. Each chapter is written by a stalwart in his own field—Gautam himself writing as many as four chapters. As I am an inveterate fan of Gautam, I read those chapters first, and immediately came to the conclusion that he has written an instant best seller! Thanks a ton for fulfilling my wish and the wish of thousands of your fans, including postgraduates in this country and abroad. I have not an iota of doubt in my mind that this text would become a standard reference for our postgraduates as well as faculties. He would keep writing sequels to this volume, where he would keep dealing with advanced and newer topics. Ultimately, after 6–7 volumes, when we will combine all of them together, we will have a true postgraduate encyclopedia of forensic medicine and toxicology. Good luck to you and do not fail our expectations!! As for our faculty and postgraduates, I can unhesitatingly say, “Go and read this book. You will enter into a journey you will never forget.”

Anil Aggrawal Director-Professor Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi, India

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