11

CBSE

lekt'kkL=k (CBSE ikB~;Øe ij vk/kfjr)

[k.M (v) µ lekt'kkL=k ifjp; [k.M (c) µ lekt dk cks/

Full Marks Pvt Ltd (Progressive Educational Publishers)

New Delhi-110002

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izkDdFku lekt'kkL=k&11 NCERT }kjk fu/kZfjr ikB~;iqLrd ,oa CBSE }kjk tkjh ikB~;Øe ij vkèkkfjr uohu laLdj.k gSA ikB~;iqLrd osQ lHkh ikBksa esa egRoiw.kZ rF;] egRoiw.kZ 'kCnkoyh] ikB~;iqLrd ls gy iz'u bR;kfn uohu :i ls izLrqr fd, x, gSaA vU; gy iz'u 'kh"kZd osQ varxZr ikB ij vk/kfjr vfrfjDr iz'u Nk=kksa osQ fy, ykHkizn gSaA blesa v|ru vad i¼fr osQ vuqlkj iz'uksRrj fn, x, gSaA ekufp=k dkS'ky ,oa ifj;kstuk dk;Z ij vk/kfjr iz'uksa dk Hkh lek;kstu mfpr rjhosQ ls fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vykok vH;kl gsrq oqQN iz'u Hkh fn, x, gSaA bl izdkj ;g iqLrd Nk=kksa osQ fy, ,d laiw.kZ vè;;u lkexzh izLrqr djrk gS vkSj Nk=kksa osQ vanj ,d xgu vkRefo'okl iSnk djrk gSA FULL MARKS

FULL MARKS Ük`a[kyk

dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡

lHkh Lrj osQ cqn~f/&dkS'ky okys Nk=kksa n~okjk vè;;u izfØ;k ,oa ijh{kk esa csgrj fLFkfr izkIr djus osQ fy, lrr la?k"kZ osQ nkSjku vyx&vyx eglwl dh xbZ dfBukb;ksa dh igpku ,oa leqfpr] larqfyr ,oa laiw.kZ funkuA

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NCERT/CBSE ikB~;iqLrdksa osQ lHkh iz'uksa dk larqfyr gyA

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(iii)

SYLLABUS One Paper Theory

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80 No. of Periods

Marks

1. Sociology, Society and its relationship with other Social Science disciplines

18

8

2. Terms, concepts and their use in Sociology

16

8

3. Understanding Social Institutions

20

10

4. Culture and Socialization

16

8

5. Doing Sociology: Research Methods

20

6

90

40

6. Social Structure, Stratification and Social Processes in Society

18

10

7. Social Change and Social order in Rural and Urban Society

20

10

8. Environment and Society

12

4

9. Introducing Western Sociologists

20

8

10.Indian Sociologists

20

8

Total

90

40

Total

180

80

40

20

Units A

Introducing Sociology

Total B

Understanding Society

Project Work

A. INTRODUCING SOCIOLOGY

40 Marks

Unit 1: Sociology, Society and its Relationship with other Social Sciences 18 Periods • Introducing Society: Individuals and collectivities. Pluralities and Inequalities among societies. • Introducing Sociology: Emergence. Nature and Scope. • Relationship with other Social Science disciplines. Unit 2: Terms, Concepts and their use in Sociology • Social Groups and Society • Social Stratification • Status and Role • Society & Social Control

(iv)

16 Periods

Unit 3: Understanding Social Institutions • Family, Marriage and Kinship • Work & Economic Life • Political Institutions • Religion as a Social Institution • Education as a Social Institution

20 Periods

Unit 4: Culture and Socialization • Defining Culture • Dimensions of Culture • Socialization • Agencies of Socialisation

16 Periods

Unit 5: Doing Sociology: Research Methods • Objectivity and Subjectivity in Sociology • Research Methods: Participant Observation, Survey • Tools and Techniques: Observation, Interview, Questionnaire • The Significance of Field Work in Anthropology & Sociology

20 Periods

B. UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY

40 Marks

Unit 6: Social Structure, Stratification and Social Processes In Society • Social Structure • Social Stratification • Social Processes: Cooperation, Competition, Conflict

18 Periods

Unit 7: Social Change and Social Order in Rural and Urban Society 22 Periods • Social Change: Types, Causes and Consequences • Social Order: Domination, Authority and Law; Contestation, Crime and Violence • Concepts: Village, Town and City • Social Order and Social Change in Rural and Urban Areas Unit 8: Environment and Society • Ecology and Society • Environmental Crises and Social Responses • Sustainable Development

10 Periods

Unit 9: Introducing Western Sociologists • The Context of Sociology • Karl Marx on Class Conflict • Emile Durkheim : Division of Labour in society • Max Weber:Interpretive Sociology, Ideal Type & Bureaucracy

20 Periods

Unit 10: Indian Sociologists • G.S. Ghurye on Caste and Race • D.P. Mukherjee on Tradition and Change • A.R. Desai on the State • M.N. Srinivas on the Village

20 Periods

(v)

PROJECT WORK PERiOds: 40

Max. Marks: 20

Time allotted: 3 hours

A. Project undertaken during the academic year at school level

15 Marks

1. Introduction – 2 Marks 2. Statement of Purpose – 2 Marks 3. Research Question – 2 Marks 4. Methodology – 3 Marks 5. Data Analysis – 4 Marks 6. Conclusion – 2 Marks 05 Marks

B. Viva – based on the project work

Time: 3 Hours S. No. 1.

2.

3.

QuEsTiOn PaPER dEsign

Max. Marks: 80

Competencies

Total Marks

% Weightage

Knowledge & Understanding: Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. Demonstrate understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas

30

37.5%

Application of Knowledge and Concepts: Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way. Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations, Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set of criteria.

32

40%

Formulate, Analyse , Evaluate & Create: Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.

18

22.5%

80

100%

TOTAL

As per the Revised CBSE Syllabus 2020-21 the following Topics has been Deleted Book

Chapter Deleted

Introducing Sociology

1. Doing Sociology: Research Methods

Understanding Society

1. Social Structure, Stratification And Social Processes In Society 2. Environment and Society

(vi)

vuqØef.kdk [k.M (v)µ lekt'kkL=k ifjp; 1- lekt'kkL=k ,oa lekt ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2- lekt'kkL=k esa iz;qDr 'kCnkoyh] ladYiuk,¡ ,oa mudk mi;ksx ------------------------------------------ 23 3- lkekftd laLFkkvksa dks le>uk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 4- laLÑfr rFkk lekthdj.k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 5- lekt'kkL=kμvuqla/ku i¼fr;k¡ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77 [kaM (c)µ lekt dk cks/ 1- lekt esa lkekftd lajpuk] Lrjhdj.k vkSj lkekftd izfØ;k,¡ -------------------------------------- 96 2- xzkeh.k rFkk uxjh; lekt esa lkekftd ifjorZu rFkk lkekftd O;oLFkk ------------------------ 107 3- i;kZoj.k vkSj lekt ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 4- ik'pkR; lekt'kkL=khμ,d ifjp; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125 5- Hkkjrh; lekt'kkL=kh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137

(vii)

(viii)

1

[k.M (v)µlekt'kkL=k ifjp;

lekt'kkL=k ,oa lekt

 egÙoiw.kZ rF; (Facts that Matter)

• lekt O;fDr;ksa dk ,d lewg gSA bu O;fDr;ksa dh laLÑfr le:i gksrh gS ,oa ,d fuf'pr Hkw&Hkkx esa fuokl djrs gSa vkSj ,d leku bfrgkl } kjk ,d&nwljs ls c¡/s gksrs gSaA • lekt dk Lo:i ljy ,oa tfVy gks ldrk gSA ;g euq";ksa osQ fy, LokHkkfod gSA ge lHkh lkekftd izk. kh gSaA lekt osQ fcuk gekjk thfor jguk vlaHko gSA euq"; vius mís';ksa dh izkfIr vosQyk ugha dj ldrkA gesa lekt dh vko';drk gksrh gSA lekt gesa lqj{kk] ukrsnkjh] igpku (fof'k"Vrk) ,oa viukiu dk Hkko iznku djrk gSA • lekt u osQoy thfor jgus osQ fy,] cfYd vPNs thou osQ fy, Hkh vfuok;Z gSA • lekt ,d fujarj izfØ;k gSA ;g O;fDr;ksa ij Fkksik ugha x;k gSA ;g fdlh izkÑfrd izfØ;k dh rjg vkxs ck tk ldrk gSA • lekt dh eq[; fof'k"Vrk ijLij fuHkZjrk] lg;ksx o fojks/] vkilh le>] lekurk o fofo/rk] laca/ osQ lanHkZ esa fujis{krk rFkk izkÑfrd xfr'khyrk gSA • O;fDr ,oa lekt izR;{k :i ls ,d&nwljs ls lacaf/r gSaA nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ laiwjd gSaA ckè;rk osQ dkj. k ugha] cfYd vfuok;Zrk osQ dkj. k O;fDr tulkewfgd fØ;k&dykiksa esa viuk thou O;rhr djrk gSA euq"; ,oa mlosQ lekt esa varl±ca/ gS] tcfd lHkh O;fDr ueu'khy ,oa fonzksgh] ikjaifjd vkSj vikjaifjd] fouez ,oa vkØked gSaA tSlsµfojks/ksa osQ eè; lHkh izdkj osQ varfoZjks/ ,oa izdk;ZA • tSfod] ikfjfLFkfrd] euksoSKkfud rFkk lkekftd dkjd egRoiw. kZ :i ls ge lHkh dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA ;s izHkko O;fDr;ksa esa vlekurk mRiUu djrs gSa ,oa lkaLÑfrd miknkuksa (factors) esa lHkh lekurk osQ ckotwn izR;sd O;fDr fofHkUu 'kkjhfjd ,oa euksoSKkfud fof'k"Vrk osQ lkFk fofo/ cu tkrk gSA • lHkh ekuo lkekftd izk. kh gSaA ge lHkh dk fdlh&u&fdlh laLÑfr ls laca/ gS] tks O;fDrRo fodkl osQ fy, O;fDr;ksa dh thou&fuokZg izfØ;k dks fu/kZfjr djrh gSA lekt fdlh [kkl izfØ;k dks fo'ks"k :i ls c ls fdl izdkj vyx gS\ 12

n

lekt'kkL=k-XI

mÙkjµ 1- lekt lkekftd laca/ksa dk tky gSA 2- esdkboj (Maciver) vkSj is”k (Page) osQ vuqlkj] ^^lekt jhfr;ksa] dk;Z&iz. kkfy;ksa] vf/ dkj ,oa ikjLifjd lg;ksx] vusd lewg vkSj muosQ foHkkxksa] ekuo O;ogkj osQ fu;a=k. kksa vkSj Lora=krkvksa dh O;oLFkk gSA 3- lekt'kkL=k dh ;g ifjHkk"kk bl rF; ij cy nsrh gS fd lekt dh eq[; fof'k"Vrk,¡] jhfr;k¡] dk;Z&fof/] izkfèkdkj] vkilh lg;ksx] lewg rFkk milewg vkSj Lora=krk,¡ gSaA 4- jhfr;ksa dk ljksdkj] lekt osQ LohÑr izfrekuksa ls gSA 5- dk;Z&fof/ dk rkRi;Z lkekftd laxBuksa ls gSA mnkgj. kkFkZ] ifjokj rFkk fookg tks lkekftd var%laca/ksa dh jpuk osQ fy, egRoiw. kZ gSaA 6- izkf/dkj dk rkRi;Z ,d O;oLFkk ls gS] tks lekt dh bdkb;ksa dks fu;af=kr djrh gS vkSj lkekftd tky dk iks"k. k djrh gSA



7- lewgksa rFkk oxks± dk laca/ lewgksa vkSj milewgksa ls gS] ftlesa O;fDr var%fØ;k djrs gSa ,oa lkekftd izfrekuksa dk Kku izkIr djrs gSaA 8- ekuoh; O;ogkj osQ fu;a=k. k dk ljksdkj fyf[kr ;k vfyf[kr izfrekuksa osQ lanHkZ esa O;fDr;ksa osQ lkekftd fu;a=k. k vkSj Lora=krk ls gS] tks lkekftd tkyksa osQ fufoZ?u (Smooth) fØ;kUo;u (lqpk# :i ls lapkyd) osQ fy, egRoiw. kZ gSA 9- esdkboj (Maciver) vkSj is”k (page) osQ vuqlkj] mijksDr of. Zkr rF; lekt osQ fofHkUu ifjn`'; rFkk lkekftd laca/ksa osQ tky gSaA izú3-  ppkZ dhft, fd vktdy vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa  esa ijLij ysu&nsu fdruk ”;knk gSA mÙkjµ Nk=k vkil esa Lo;a ppkZ djsaA izú4-  viuh ;k vius nksLr vFkok fj'rsnkj dh fdlh  O;fDrxr  leL;k  dks  fpfÉr  dhft,A  bls  lekt'kkL=kh;  le>  } kjk  tkuus  dh  dksf'k'k  dhft,A mÙkjµ Nk=k Lo;a djsaA

vU; gy iz'u

[MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED] I. vfr y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u 

(2 vad)

izú1-  lekt'kkL=k D;k gS\ mÙkjµ 1- lekt'kkL=k lexz lekt dk ckSf¼d vè;;u gSA 2- lekt'kkL=k ,d o. kZukRed rFkk fo'ys"k. kkRed fo/k gS] ftldk ljksdkj ekuo&lekt osQ lajpukRed i{kksa ls gSA 3- lekt'kkL=k ekuoh; laca/ksa dk foKku gSA izú2-  lekt D;k gS\ mÙkjµ lekt jhfr;ksa] dk;Z&iz. kkfy;ksa] vf/dkj ,oa ikjLifjd lg;ksx] vusd lewg vkSj muosQ foHkkxksa] ekuo&O;ogkj osQ fu;a=k. kksa vkSj Lora=krkvksa dh O;oLFkk gSA ;g lkekftd laca/ksa dk tky gSA lekt fujarj ifjorZu'khy gSA izú3-  ekuo&lekt i'kq&lekt ls  fdl izdkj fHkUu  gS\  (HOTS) mÙkjµ 1- izkf. k;ksa dks Hkkstu] jR;kRedrk (sex) ,oa lqj{kk dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA ekuo vkSj i'kq nksuksa lqj{kk dh vko';drk] iztuu] vuqHkwfr] ekufld izfØ;k] jDr&lapkyu vkSj jksxksa osQ lanHkZ esa leku gSaA

2- ekuo dh viuh laLÑfr gS] ftles a mudh vuqHkwfr (Kku) fufgr gS rFkk ftlls i'kq oafpr gSAa 3- ekuo osQ laokn rFkk lapkj dh O;oLFkk tfVy gSA ge yksx le> ldrs gSa] vius gkFkksa dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa] tcfd i'kq ekuo osQ bl xq. k ls oafpr gSaA izú4-  lekt dh fof'k"Vrkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A mÙkjµ gSjh ,eú tkWUlu (Harry M. Johnson) osQ vuqlkj] fdlh lekt dh fuEufyf[kr fof'k"Vrk,¡ gSa % 1- fuf'pr  Hkw&Hkkx (Definite territary)µlekt dk fuokl&LFky ,d fuf'pr Hkw&Hkkx gSA blfy, bls ,d fuf'pr Hkw&Hkkxh lewg dgk tkrk gSA 2- lUrfr ;k lUrku (Progeny)µlekt osQ lnL;ksa dh mRifÙk O;fDr;ksa osQ lewgksa osQ eè; ekuoh; iztuu } kjk gqbZ gSA 3- laLÑfr (Culture)µlekt izk;% lkaLÑfrd n`f"Vdks. k ls vkRe&fuHkZj gksrk gSA 4- LokoyEcu (Independence)µleku fpjLFkk;h] vkRefuHkZj rFkk la?kfVr lewg gSA bl lewg osQ lnL; vU;ksU;kfJr (Interdependent) gSaA lekt'kkL=k ,oa lekt n

13

izú5-  lkekftd  rF;ksa  dh  ladYiuk  dh  O;k[;k  dhft,A mÙkjµ fparu vuqHko ,oa dk;Z osQ lk/u gSa] tksfd O;fDr;ksa } kjk cká o ck/d osQ :i esa vuqHkwfr fd, tkrs gSa rFkk ;s lkekftd lewgksa esa leku :i esa fo|eku gSaA bekby nq[kkZbe (Emile Durkheim) us lkekftd rF;ksa ij cy fn;kA mUgksaus O;fDr rFkk lkewfgd psruk dh ppkZ dhA lHkh izdkj osQ fopkj] ladYiuk ;k [kkst O;fDr;ksa } kjk fodflr dh xbZ gSaA tc os cM+s lewgksa } kjk LohÑr vkSj viuk, tkrs gSa] rc os lkewfgd psruk dk Hkkx cu tkrs gSaA mUgksaus O;Dr fd;k fd lekt O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, ckÞ; ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSaA ;g gekjs lexz thou dks izHkkfor djrk gSA ge lekt osQ Hkkx gSaA fdlh lkekftd O;oLFkk osQ varxZr gekjk viuk fof'k"V LFkku gSA izú6-  lekt fdl izdkj ,d fujarj izfØ;k gS\ mÙkjµ lekt ,d fujarj izfØ;k gSA ;g izkÑfrd fu;ekuqlkj dk;Z djrk gSA lekt O;fDr;ksa ij Fkksik ugha x;k gS] oju~ lekt osQ lnL;ksa } kjk bls viuk;k x;k gSA fofues; lekt osQ dk;kZUo;u esa lcls vf/d egRoiw. kZ Hkkx gSA lkekftd var%fØ;k osQ iQyLo:i lekt dk laxBu ,oa iqul±xBu gksrk gSA izú7-  lekt'kkL=k fdl izdkj ,d izxfr'khy foKku  (Progressive Science) gS\ mÙkjµ lekt'kkL=k vk/qfud lekt dh O;k[;k djrk gSA ;g ,d r#. k foKku gS] tksfd gky esa gh vius vfLrRo esa vk;k gSA v|ru ladYiuk,¡ lekt'kkL=k esa lekfgr dh xbZ gSa] ftUgksaus bl fo"k; dks vkt rd r#. k o rk”kk cuk, j[kk gSA lekt'kkL=k og foKku gS] tks lkekftd lewgksa ,oa laxBuksa osQ