fcgkjh lrlbZ

(fcgkjh lrlbZ ds Js"B nksgksa dk ladyu)

laiknu ,oa ladyu

vkjrh xka/h

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iz d k'kdk/hu

izdk'kd% Mk;eaM ikWdsV cqDl (izk-) fyX-30, vks[kyk baMfLVª;y ,fj;k] iQst&II ubZ fnYyh&110020 iQksu % 011&4071200 bZ&esy % [email protected] osclkbV % www.diamondbook.in

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ Bihari Satsai Edited By : Aarti Gandhi

Hkwfedk fcgkjh us Ük`axkj ds nksuksa i{kksa dk ltho o.kZu fd;k gS ysfdu Ük`axkj dk la;ksx i{k muds lkfgR; esa fo'ks"k :i ls mHkjdj lkeus vk;k gSA fo;ksx i{k mruk mHkj dj lkeus ugha vk ik;k gSA fcgkjh dks nwljs fo"k;ksa dk Hkh Kku FkkA izd`fr gks] L=kh gks ;k dksbZ vU; phT+k mldks fcgkjh us cgqr gh O+kQjhc ls eglwl fd;k vkSj mls vius nksgksa dh 'kDy nh] mls viuh ekSfydrk iznku dh vkSj vius euksHkkoksa ls ltkdj mls foy{k.k cuk fn;kA ,slk djuk fliQZ fcgkjh tSls dfo ds gh o'k dh ckr gSA fcgkjh ewyr% dfo Fks] og Hkh Ük`axkfjd dfoA ^lrlbZ* bldk thrk&tkxrk mnkgj.k gSA dgk tk ldrk gS] tks Hkko&xkaHkh;Z fcgkjh ds nksgksa esa gS] og xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus tSlk gh gSA blfy, rks muds ckjs esa dgk x;k gSµ lrlS;k ds nksgjs] T;ksa ukod ds rhjA ns[kr esa NksVu yxSa] ?kko djSa xaHkhjAA ;gh otg gS fd ^lrlbZ* dks fgUnh lkfgR; esa bruh izflf¼ feyh vkSj dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa bldk vuqokn Hkh gqvkA µlaiknd

thou ifjp; fgUnh lkfgR; ds jhfr dkyhu dfo;ksa esa fcgkjh yky dk uke egÙoiw.kZ gSA mUgksaus vius dkO; esa vius thou pfjr ds ckjs esa dqN ugha dgk gSA fcgkjh ds thou pfjr dk fuekZ.k eq[;r% fdonafr;ksa vkSj le;≤ ij fo}kuksa }kjk fy[kh xbZ fcgkjh&lrlbZ Vhdkvksa ds vk/kj ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA fcgkjh dk tUe laor 1652 esa Xokfy;j esa gqvk FkkA bl laca/ esa fcgkjh us Lo;a fy[kk gSµ tUe Xokfy;j tkfu,] [kaM cqansys ckyA r#ukbZ vk;h lq?kj eFkqjk cfl llqjkyAA mijksDr nksgs ls ;g lkiQ gks tkrk gS fd fcgkjh dk tUe Xokfy;j esa gqvk vkSj mudk cpiu cqansy[kaM esa chrkA fcgkjh dh llqjky eFkqjk esa Fkh vkSj viuh ;qokoLFkk esa os eFkqjk esa gh jgsA bl laca/ esa ,d vU; nksgk fcgkjh dk gh fy[kk bl izdkj gSµ laor tqxlj jl jfgr] Hkwfejhfr fxu yhUgA dkfrd&lqfn cq/ v"Veh tue gefga fof/ nhUgAA ;kuh fcgkjh dk tUe 1652 esa dkfrZd 'kqDy v"Veh cq/okj dks gqvk FkkA fcgkjh ds firk dk uke ds'ko jk; FkkA fcgkjh vius ekrk&firk dh rhljh vkSykn FksA buls cM+s ,d HkkbZ vkSj cgu FkhA fcgkjh vHkh NksVs gh Fks fd rHkh mudh eka dk nsgkar gks x;kA buds 'kksdkdqy firk dk eu dkiQh mf}Xu vkSj cspuS jgus yxk rks og X+kexhu ekgkSy ls futkr ikus ds fy, cqna y s [k.M esa vk cls vkSj ;gha ij ?kj cukdj jgus yxsA vc fcgkjh dh ckY;koLFkk cqna y s [k.M esa chrus yxhA fcgkjh "kkSE;xks=kh; Jksf=k; ?kjckjh ekFkqj pkScs FksA

fcgkjh us [kqn vius xks=k o tkfr ds ckjs esa fy[kk gSµ tUe fy;ks f}tjkt dqy lqcl cls czt vk;A es j h gjks dys l lc ds ' ko ds ' kojk;AA fcgkjh ds firk cqansy[kaM esa dqN le; rd jgus ds ckn vksjNk ujs'k ds ;gka vk x,A vksjNk dk 'kklu mu fnuksa banzthr flag ds gkFkksa esa FkkA dfo ds'ko bUgha jktk banzthr flag ds njckj esa jgrs FksA vksjNk esa ^gfjnkl laiznk;* ds ujgfjnkl uked ,d fo[;kr egkRek Hkh jgrs FksA fcgkjh ds firk vkSj ckyd fcgkjh vDlj xq# ujgfjnkl dh dqfV;k esa tk;k djrs FksA bUgha ujgfjnkl us fcgkjh dks f'k{kk&nh{kk Hkh nh FkhA bUgha egkRek ds ;gka dfo ds'ko dk Hkh vkuk&tkuk FkkA 'kk;n ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd ckyd fcgkjh vkSj ds'ko ds chp xgjk fj'rk cu x;k] ftldh Nki ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* ij iM+hA

z vksjNk ls o`n a kou

fcgkjh ds firk vksjNk esa vf/d le; rd ugha jg ldsA jktuhfrd nkaoisp a dh otg ls fcgkjh ds firk vksjNk NksMd + j o`na kou vk x,A oan` kou esa gh fcgkjh dh izkFkfed f'k{kk iwjh gqb]Z blds lkFk gh mUgksaus laxhr dh Hkh f'k{kk yhA o`na kou esa mu fnuksa egkRek ljlnso dk cgqr uke FkkA fcgkjh vkSj muds firk egkRek ljlnso ls cgqr gh izHkkfor Fks vkSj ljlnso ls muds lac/ a Hkh cgqr Lusfgy FksA egkRek ljlnso us gh fcgkjh dh cgu dk fookg ij'kqjke uked ,d ekFkqj czkã.k ds lkFk djok;kA fgUnh ds fo[;kr vkpk;Z dqyifr feJ bUgha ij'kqjke ds iq=k FksA cgu ds fookg ds ckn fcgkjh viuh llqjky pys x,A eFkqjk esa jgrs gq, /hjs&/hjs fcgkjh us ,d dfo ds :i esa [;kfr izkIr dj yhA oSls fcgkjh dHkh&dHkkj o`na kou vo'; vkrs jgrs FksA vc egkRek ujgfjnkl Hkh o`na kou esa vkdj jgus yxs FksA o`na kou vkus dk eq[; dkj.k d`".k dh ikou LFkyh o`na kou dk iq.;izrki gkfly djuk FkkA ;g la;ksx gh Fkk fd mUgha fnuksa 'kkgtgka vkSj ckn'kkg tgkaxhj ujgfjnkl ls feyus o`na kou vk x,A 'kkgtgka egkRek ujgfjnkl ls cgqr gh izHkkfor Fkk vkSj og muls feyus ds fy, gh vk;k FkkA ujgfjnkl dh dqfV;k esa gh 'kkgtgka vkSj fcgkjh dh igyh ckj eqykO+kQkr gqbAZ

fcgkjh us 'kkgtgka dks viuh dfork lqukbZA 'kkgtgka muls cgqr gh izHkkfor gqvk vkSj [kqys eu ls Lohdkj fd;k muds vlk/kj.k dkO; izfrHkk dksA bl eqykdkr dks ysdj fcgkjh us fy[kk gSµ Jh ujgfj ujukg lkSa nhUgha ckagxgkbA lqxqu vkxjSa vkxjSa jgr Hkkb lq[k ikbAA ;kuh fcgkjh vkxjk esa vkdj jgus yxsA ;gka ij mUgksua s iQkjlh Hkk"kk dk vè;;u fd;kA vkxjk esa fcgkjh dks 'kkgtgka dh vksj ls dkiQh lEeku feykA fcgkjh mlds fo'oluh; O;fDr;ksa esa 'kkfey gks x,A laor 1678 esa eqxyksa ds iz'kklfud foHkkx esa dkiQh iQsj&cny gq,A uwjtgka ds dkj.k 'kkgtgka dks 'kklu gfFk;kus rd vkxjk ls ckgj gh jguk iM+k D;ksafd mu fnuksa tgkaxhj vkSj 'kkgtgka esa dkiQh erHksn mRiUu gks x;s FksA fcgkjh dks Hkh bl erHksn ds dkj.k vkxjk ls ckgj jguk iM+kA 'kkgtgka ds 'kkld cu tkus ds ckn fcgkjh fiQj ls eqxy njckj esa vk x,A

z fcgkjh ds thou ls lacfa /r ?kVuk,a

egkdfo fcgkjh ,d cgqr gh lkglh vkSj lân; O;fDr FksA muds thou ls lacfa /r ?kVuk,a muds O;fDrRo dk lgt gh :i ls c[kku djrh gSAa fcgkjh ds thou dh igyh ?kVuk laor~ 1692 dh gSµfcgkjh viuh okf"kZd o`fÙk ysus vkesj igqaps rks vkesj ujs'k jktk t; flag viuh uofookfgrk iRuh ds lkFk jkuhokl esa Fks vkSj iRuh ds :i&lkSan;Z ds izfr brus vklDr Fks fd jktdkt dh Hkh ijokg mUgsa ugha FkhA iztk vkSj njckjh] jktk ds bl O;ogkj dks ysdj dkiQh nq%[kh vkSj fparkeXu FksA iztk vkSj njckfj;ksa dks fparkeXu ns[kdj fcgkjh us ,d nksgk fy[kdj jktk t; flag ds ikl fdlh rjg igqapk fn;kµ ufga ijkx ufga e/qje/q] ufga fodkl ;fg dkyA vyh dyh gh lkSa fcaè;ksa] vkxs dkSu gokyAA oSls fcgkjh us ,slk djds jktk t; flag ds lq[k&,s'o;Z esa ck/k Mkyh] ysfdu mu ij bl nksgs us ea=k tSlk dke fd;kA bl nksgs dks i ikuk dfBu gh ugha vlaHko Hkh gSA Üka`xkj jl ls Hkhxs nksgksa dks fy[kus okyk ;g egku dfo vius thou dh vkf[kjh voLFkk esa lkalkfjd eksg&ek;k ls vyx gksdj izHkq lqfeju esa vuojr eXu jgkA fcgkjh okLro esa gh ,d vlk/kj.k 'k[l FksA og bZ'oj dh lÙkk dks vPNh rjg ls tkurs&le>rs FksA z fcgkjh dh jpuk,a fcgkjh dh ,dek=k jpuk ^lrlbZ* gSA ^lrlbZ* ,d eqDrd dkO; gS] blesa 719 nksgs gSAa ^fcgkjh lrlbZ* kÜ x`a kj jl dh vR;ar vuks[kh vkSj vn~Hkqr Ñfr gSA bldk ,d&,d nksgk fganh lkfgR; ds txr dk ,d&,d vueksy jRu gSA

z dkO;xr fo'ks"krk,a

egkdfo fcgkjh dh dfork dk eq[; fo"k; Üka`xkj gSA fcgkjh us Ük`axkj ds la;ksx vkSj fo;ksx nksuksa gh i{kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS] ysfdu kÜ xa` kj i{k dh rjg fo;ksx i{k mHkj dj lkeus ugha vk ik;k gSA la;ksx i{k esa fcgkjh us O;fDr ds gko&Hkko vkSj vuqHkoksa dk cM+h gh ckjhdh ls fp=k.k fd;k gS vkSj mlesa fny dks Nw tkus okyh ekfeZdrk gSA Ük`axkj ds la;ksx i{k dk ,d uewuk nsf[k,µ crjl ykyp yky dh eqjyh /jh yqdk;A lksg djs] HkkSaguq gals nSu dgS] ufV tk;AA fcgkjh lrlbZ

9

ysfdu fcgkjh dk fo;ksx o.kZu vfr'k;ksfDr iw.kZ gS vkSj ;gh otg gS fd la;ksx dh rjg fo;ksx esa LokHkkfodrk ugha gSA fcgkjh dk ;qx ,s'o;Z vkSj foykl dk ;qx Fkk] lqjk vkSj lqanjh dk ;qx Fkk] jaxhfu;ksa vkSj jaxjsfy;ksa dk ;qx FkkA ml ;qx ds lekt dk vkn'kZ dsafnz; lÙkk/kjh 'kkld vkSj muds lkear] lwcsnkj vkfn gksrs FksA ;s 'kkld vkSj lkearkfn viuh&viuh MiQyh vius&vius jkx vykirs FksA viuh vkthfodk ds fy, fcgkjh tSls dfo;ksa dks bUgha 'kkldksa dh d`ik ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk FkkA ,sls okrkoj.k esa fcgkjh dh dkO;&izfrHkk Hkh Ük`axkj ds dsoy la;ksx i{k dk o.kZu djus esa gh /U; gqbZA ;g lp gS fd Ük`axkj ds la;ksx i{k dk dksbZ Hkh cksy fcgkjh dh iSuh n`f"V ls NwVk ugha gSA uk;d&ukf;dkvksa ds eè; gksus okyh izse&yhykvksa ds o.kZu esa fcgkjh us viuh ekSfyd vkSj vlk/kj.k izfrHkk dk iwjk ifjp; fn;k gSA fcgkjh us viuh vka[kksa ls yko.; Hkjh lqanfj;ksa ds eq[keaMy ij iM+s gq, ckyksa dh yVsa gh ns[kh Fkha] muds mBs gq, mjkstksa dk mHkkj gh ns[kk Fkk] muds fo'kky eksgd us=kksa esa jfr ØhM+ktU; g"kkZfrjsd gh ik;k Fkk] blfy, mudh dkO; jpuk esa bldh ckgqY;rk gSA fojfg.kh ukf;dk dh osnuk le>us ds fy, u rks muds ikl le; Fkk vkSj u gh mUgsa mldh dksbZ mi;ksfxrk gh fn[khA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fcgkjh jfpr bl nksgs dks ns[ksa] ftlesa fcgkjh us fojfg.kh ukf;dk ds fojgkfXu dk o.kZu fd;k gSA fojg esa ty jgh ukf;dk ds ikl mldh lgsyh Hkh tkus ls Mjrh gS] blfy, Hkhxs gq, diM+s /kj.k djds gh ukf;dk ds ikl og tkrh gSA lgsyh dks bl ckr dh vk'kadk gS fd dgha fojfg.kh ukf;dk dh xehZ ls og [kqn Hkh u >qyl tk;s---ty tk,A vkM+ s nS vkys clu] tkM+ s gw a dh jkfrA lkgl ddS lusg cl l[kh lcS fwyrs gq, mlds izk.kksa dks izÑfr us ubZ vk'kk vkSj u;k vFkZ iznku fd;k gSA fcgkjh us ftl lekt dks ns[kk Fkk] mlesa pkjksa rjiQ lqjk vkSj lqanfj;ksa dk jkT; FkkA ;gh otg Fkh fd mudh lewph fcgkjh lrlbZ

11

dkO;&izfrHkk ukf;dk ds u[k&f'k[k o.kZu esa gh yxh jghA jhfrdkyhu dfo;ksa dk izÑfr&fp=k.k izk;% ijaijkoknh gSA fcgkjh dh lrlbZ esa izÑfr ds :iksa dk ftruk fp=k.k gqvk gS] izÑfr ds vkyacu :i dk fp=k.k fdlh Hkh n`f"V ls de ugha dgk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fcgkjh dk ;g nksgk nsf[k,µ T;ksa&T;ksa c