BIOLOGY
(1)
3rd EDITION YEAR 2020-21
ISBN
SYLLABUS COVERED
“978-93-5423-181-0”
ICSE - INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
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2011
HYDERABAD
TELANGANA
CONTENTS l Further Reduced Syllabus issued by CISCE for Academic Year 2020 - 21 l Topics/Concepts Found Difficult or Confusing by Candidates l Suggestions for Students
9 - 12 13 - 14 15 - 16
Mind Maps
1 - 10 11 - 45
On Tips Notes Sample Question Papers (Solved)
Sample Question Paper - 1 (Examination Paper-2019) 46 - 61 With Topper's Answers Sample (Specimen-2019) Question Paper - 2 (Issued by CISCE) 62 - 72 With Solutions Sample Question Paper - 3 73 - 78 Sample Question Paper - 4 79 - 84 Sample Question Paper - 5 85 - 89
Self Assessment Papers*
90 - 95 96 - 100 101 - 105 106 - 111 112 - 117
Self Assessment Paper - 1 Self Assessment Paper - 2 Self Assessment Paper - 3 Self Assessment Paper - 4 Self Assessment Paper - 5
Solutions
118 - 123 124 - 128 129 - 134
Sample Question Paper - 3 Sample Question Paper - 4 Sample Question Paper - 5
Hints of Self Assessment Papers 1-5
135 - 136
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FURTHER REDUCED SYLLABUS (2020-21)
Biology CLASS 10
There will be one paper of two hours duration of 80 marks and Internal Assessment of practical work carrying 20 marks.
• Concept of transpiration and its importance to plants
The paper will be divided into two sections, Section I (40 marks) and Section II (40 marks).
• Experiments related to transpiration:
(a) Loss in weight of a potted plant or a leafy shoot in a test tube as a result of transpiration.
Section I (compulsory) will contain short answer questions on the entire syllabus.
• Mechanism of stomatal transpiration on the basis of potassium ion exchange theory.
Cell cycle – Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitotic phase.
• Adaptations in plants to reduce transpiration.
Cell Division :
• A brief idea of guttation and bleeding.
• Mitosis and its stages.
• A basic understanding of Meiosis as a reduction division (stages not required).
• A brief idea of homologous chromosomes and crossing over leading to variations.
(iii) Photosynthesis : the process and its importance to life in general; experiments to show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, formation of starch and release of oxygen; carbon cycle.
Section II will contain six questions. Candidates will be required to answer any four of these six questions. 1. Basic Biology
(i) Cell Cycle and Cell Division.
• Significance and major differences between mitotic and meiotic division.
(ii) Structure of chromosome.
Basic structure of chromosome with elementary understanding of terms such as chromatin, chromatid, gene structure of DNA and centromere.
2. Plant Physiology
(i) Absorption by roots, imbibition, diffusion and osmosis; osmotic pressure, root pressure; turgidity and flaccidity; plasmolysis and deplasmolysis; the absorption of water and minerals; active and passive transport (in brief); The rise of water up to the xylem; Forces responsible for ascent of sap.
• Understanding of the processes related to absorption of water by the roots.
• Characteristics of roots, which make them suitable for absorbing water.
• Structure of a single full-grown root hair.
• A general idea of Cohesive, Adhesive forces and transpirational pull.
• Experiments to show the conduction of water through the xylem.
(ii) Transpirationprocess and significance. Ganong’s potometer and its limitations. The factors affecting rate of transpiration. Experiments on transpiration. A brief idea of guttation and bleeding.
(b) Use of cobalt chloride paper to demonstrate unequal rate of transpiration in a dorsiventral leaf.
• The process and significance of Photosynthesis.
• The internal structure of chloroplast to be explained to give an idea of the site of light and dark reactions.
• Opening and closing of stomata based on potassium ion exchange theory.
• Overall balanced chemical equation to represent photosynthesis.
• Introduction of the terms "photochemical" for light phase and "biosynthetic" for dark phases.
• Light reaction - activation of chlorophyll followed by photolysis of water, release of O2, formation of ATP (photophosphorylation) and NADPH.
• Dark reaction - only combination of hydrogen released by NADP with CO2 to form glucose. (detailed equations are not required).
• Adaptations in plants for photosynthesis.
• Experiments with regard to the factors essential for photosynthesis; emphasis on destarching and the steps involved in starch test.
• A diagrammatic representation of “carbon cycle”.
3. Human Anatomy and Physiology (i) Circulatory System: Blood and lymph, the structure and working of the heart, blood vessels, circulation of blood (only names of the main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, liver and kidney will be required). Lymphatic system.
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• Composition of blood (structure and functions of RBC, WBC and platelets).
...CONTD.
• Brief idea of tissue fluid and lymph.
• Increase in efficiency of mammalian red blood cells due to absence of certain organelles; reasons for the same.
• Reference to the distribution of white and gray matter in Brain and Spinal cord.
• Voluntary and involuntary actions – meaning with examples.
• A brief idea of blood coagulation.
• Structure and working of the heart along with names of the main blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, the liver and the kidney.
• Diagrammatic explanation of the reflex arc, showing the pathway from receptor to effector.
• Concept of systole and diastole; concept of double circulation.
• Brief idea of pulse and blood pressure.
• Blood vessels: artery, vein and capillary to be explained with the help of diagrams to bring out the relationship between their structure and function.
• A brief idea of the peripheral and autonomic nervous system in regulating body activities. • Differences between natural and acquired reflex. • External and Internal structure and functions of the Eye and Ear and their various parts. • A brief idea of stereoscopic vision, adaptation and accommodation of eye. • Defects of the eye (myopia, hyperopia hypermetropia, presbiopia, astigmatism and cataract) and corrective measures (diagrams included for myopia and hyperopia only) • The course of perception of sound in human ear. • Role of ear in maintaining balance of the body.
• Brief idea of the lymphatic organs: spleen and tonsils.
• ABO blood group system, Rh factor.
• Significance of the hepatic portal system.
(ii) Excretory System: A brief introduction to the excretory organs; parts of the urinary system; structure and function of the kidneys; blood vessels associated with kidneys; structure and function of nephron
(iv) Endocrine System: General study of the following glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid and Pituitary. Endocrine and Exocrine glands.
• A brief idea of different excretory organs in the human body.
• External and internal structure of the kidney;
• Parts of the urinary system along with the blood vessels entering and leaving the kidney; functions of various parts of the urinary system (emphasis on diagram with correct labelling). A general idea of the structure of a kidney tubule/ nephron.
• A brief idea of ultra-filtration (emphasis on the diagram of malpighian capsule); selective reabsorption and tubular secretion in relation to the composition of blood plasma and urine formed.
• Differences between Endocrine and Exocrine glands. • Exact location and shape of the endocrine glands in the human body. • Hormones secreted by the following glands: Pancreas: insulin and glucagon; Thyroid: only thyroxin; Adrenal gland: Cortical hormones and adrenaline; Pituitary: growth hormone, tropic hormones, ADH and oxytocin. • Effects of hypo secretion and hyper secretion of hormones. • A brief idea of Feedback mechanism with reference to TSH.
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICAL WORK
(iii) Nervous system: Structure of Neuron; central, autonomous and peripheral nervous system (in brief); brain and spinal cord; reflex action and how it differs from voluntary action.
The practical work is designed to test the ability of the candidates to make an accurate observation from specimens of plants and animals.
Sense organs – Eye: Structure, functions, defects and corrective measures: Ear: Parts and functions of the ear.
(i) Observation of permanent slides of stages of mitosis.
• Parts of a neuron.
• Various parts of the external structure of the brain and its primary parts: Medulla Oblongata, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus and Pons; their functions.
• Diffusion : using potassium permanganate in water.
PLANT LIFE
(ii)
Experiments demonstrating:
• Osmosis : Thistle Funnel experiment and potato osmoscope,
( 10 )
• Absorption: using a small herbaceous plant.
...CONTD. (iii) Experiments on Transpiration: • Demonstration of the process using a Bell Jar. • Demonstration of unequal transpiration in a dorsiventral leaf using cobalt chloride paper. • Demonstration of uptake of water and the rate of transpiration using Ganong’s potometer. (iv) Experiments on Photosynthesis: • To show the necessity of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll for photosynthesis. • To show the release of O2 during photosynthesis using hydrilla / elodea. ANIMAL LIFE (i) Identification of the structures of the urinary system, heart and kidney (internal structure) and brain (external view) through models and charts (ii) The identification of different types of blood cells under a microscope. (iii) Identification of the internal structure of the Ear and Eye (Through models and charts). (iv) Identification and location of selected endocrine glands: Adrenal, Pancreas, Thyroid and Pituitary glands with the help of a model or chart.
EVALUATION The practical work/project work are to be evaluated by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner. (The External Examiner may be a teacher nominated by the Head of the school, who could be from the faculty, but not teaching the subject in the relevant section/ class. For example, a teacher of Biology of Class VIII may be deputed to be an External Examiner for Class X, Biology projects.) The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will assess the practical work/project work independently. Award of marks
(20 Marks)
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner)
10 marks
External Examiner
10 marks
The total marks obtained out of 20 are to be sent to the Council by the Head of the school.
The Head of the school will be responsible for the entry of marks on the mark sheets provided by the Council. qq
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Follows instructions to perform a single operation at a time. Safety awareness. Familiarity with apparatus & materials.
Follows some instructions to perform a single practical operation. Casual about safety. Manages to use apparatus & materials.
Not able to follow instructions or proceed with practical work without full assistance. Unaware of safety.
Grade IV (1 mark)
Grade V (0 marks)
Follows instructions to perform experiment with step-by-step operations. Awareness of safety. Familiarity with apparatus, materials and techniques.
Grade II (3 marks)
Grade III (2 marks)
Follows instructions (written, oral, diagrammatic) with understanding; modifies if needed. Familiarity with and safe use of apparatus, materials, techniques.
Preparation
Grade I (4 marks)
Criteria
Presentation is reasonable, but disorganised in some places. Overwriting; rough work is untidy. Presentation is poor and disorganised but follows an acceptable sequence. Rough work missing or untidy.
Processes data approximately with a detailed format provided. Draws observations qualitative conclusions as required. Even when detailed format is provided, struggles or makes errors while processing data. Reaches conclusions with help.
Detailed instructions needed to record observations. Format required to record results.
Format required to record observations/ readings, but tends to make mistakes in recording.
Even when format is given, Cannot process results, nor Presentation draw conclusions, even recording is faulty or unacceptable; irrelevant. disorganised, untidy/ with considerable help. poor. Rough work missing.
Struggles through the experiment. Follows very obvious experimental strategy. Cannot proceed with the experiment without help from time to time.
Presentation is adequate. Appropriate techniques are used.
Processes data appropriately as per a given format. Draws qualitative conclusions consistent with required results.
Makes relevant observations. No assistance is needed for recording format that is appropriate.
Specifies sequence of operation; gives reasons for any change in procedure. Can deal with two variables, controlling one. Develops simple experimental strategy. Trial and error modifications made to proceed with the experiment.
Presentation is accurate and good. Appropriate techniques are well used.
Processes data without format. Recognises and comments upon sources of error. Can deal with unexpected results, suggesting modifications.
Records data/ observations without being given a format. Comments upon, recognises use of instruments, degree of accuracy. Recording is systematic.
Analyses problem systematically. Recognises a number of variables and attempts to control them to build a logical plan of investigation.
Presentation
Inference/Results
Observation
Procedure/Testing
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE - GUIDELINES FOR MARKING WITH GRADES
...CONTD.
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Topics Found Confusing / Difficult By candidates Examination Paper 2019 l Parts of eyeball and their functions. l Gases causing depletion of ozone layer. l Difference between carbaminohaemoglobin and Carboxyhaemoglobin. l Discoveries of Mendel, Watson, and Crick, Lamarck and Darwin. l Parts of brain and their functions. l Experiments on Photosynthesis and significance of Photosynthesis. l Number of Cranial and Spinal nerves. l Chromosomes in sperm. l Disorders caused due to Hypo and Hypersecretion of hormones. l Genetic diseases. l Abbreviations. l Difference between Stimulus and Tropic movement. l Location of Testis and Corpus callosum. l Functions of blood vessels and male accessory glands. l Diagram of Stomatal apparatus. l Organism for industrial melanism. l Monohybrid and dihybrid cross. l Placement of Cytons and Axons in brain and spinal cord. l Fertilization and Implantation in female reproductive system.
Examination Paper 2018 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Number of Chromosomes in somatic cells and gametes. Layers of eyeball and their associated structures. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable substances. Antiseptics and Disinfectants. Greenhouse gases and gases causing depletion of ozone layer. Significance of each step in Starch test of leaf. Blood vessels supplying the organs and the kind of blood they carry. Difference between Plant cell and Animal cell. Internal structure of testis. Structures of the male reproductive system. Exact location of structures and organs. Implantation and Gestation. Factors affecting Photosynthesis. Placement of Cytons and Axons in brain and spinal cord. Nucleosome and Nucleotide. Birth rate, Death rate, Growth rate. Significance of each part of Nephron in Urine formation. Biological abbreviations. Efficiency of RBCs in transporting Oxygen to tissues. Factors affecting Transpiration Monohybrid and Dihybrid Cross. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance.
Examination Paper 2017 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Distinction between Myopia and Hyperopia and their correction. Medulla Oblongata from spinal cord. Monohybrid and Dihybrid cross. Activities of WHO and Red Cross. Functions of WBCs. Male Accessory glands – location and functions. Parts of Membranous labyrinth. Nuclear changes in Mitosis. Brain and Spinal cord with reference to arrangement of neurons. Plasmolysed cell – Labelling and causes. Arrangement of terms in logical sequence. Identifying odd term and mentioning the category of the rest. Tonicity of solution and its effect on cells. Biological abbreviations and expansions. Internal structure of human heart and its working. Structural differences between artery and vein. Types of immunity. Mendel's Laws. ( 13 )
...contd Topics Found Confusing / Difficult By candidates Examination Paper 2016 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Parts and function of male and female reproductive system in man. Menstrual cycle. Identifying experiments associated with Transpiration from those of Photosynthesis. Stating the exact location of structures/organs in the body of plants and animals. Internal structure of heart, valves and blood vessels associated with heart, left and right side of heart. Distinguishing Phenotype and Genotype, F1 & F2 generations. Laws of Mendel. Parts of eye and ear and their functions. Defects of eye, Accommodation and Adaptation of eye. Explanations of biological terms. Giving appropriate reasons for biological statements. Stages of Mitosis, difference between chromosome and chromatid. Identifying the odd term and mentioning the category of the rest. Effect of hypertonic solution on root hairs. Hyposecretion and hypersecretion of hormones.
Examination Paper 2015 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Male reproductive system, accessory glands. Structure of human heart, location and functions of associated structures. Mendel's Laws, Monohybrid ratios of F1 and F2 generation. Interdependence of Photosynthesis and Respiration. Ear – parts and functions. Location of structures and organs in plants and animals. Definitions of Mutation, Photosynthesis, Pulse, Natality, Turgor Pressure Disorders due to Hypo and Hyper secretion of hormones. Identifying stages of Mitosis, Number of chromosomes in Somatic cells and gametes. Vaccines and the diseases prevented. Green House Effect and the gases that cause it. Acid rain and its effect on environment. Sulfa drugs and their action. Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable wastes. Drawing and labelling Malpighian capsule.
Examination Paper 2014 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Parts of ear and their functions. Location of structures/organs in plants and animals. Definitions of Photophosphorylation, Hormones, antiseptic and disinfectant. Identifying the odd term and mentioning the category of the rest. Disorders in human body due to Hyposecretion and Hypersecretion of hormones. Stages of Mitosis, number of chromosomes in daughter cells as a result of Mitosis and Meosis. Right and left sides of heart and the associated structures. Exact location of accessory glands of male reproductive system, yellow spot in eye. Number of spinal and cranial nerves. Reasons for myopia and hyperopia and their correction. Names of blood vessels in general circulation of blood in body. Importance of Hepatic portal vein. Tonicity of solutions and their effect on cells. Various steps involved in starch test while testing a lead for starch and their importance. Significance of destarching before beginning an experiment on photosynthesis. Reflex arc and the neurons associated with it. Functions of Rods and Cones in Retina. Compounds formed by CO2 and CO with haemoglobin. Effect of CO poisoning. Diagram of duplicated chromosome. Name of vaccines and the diseases they prevent. Structure of Nephron and the reason for ultrafiltration. Mendel’s Laws and definitions in Genetics. Distinguishing reasons for population explosion in India and in the world.
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Suggestions for the Students ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð
Read the scope and syllabus prescribed for ICSE Biology. Revise the topics repeatedly for better understanding of concepts. Prepare a list of abbreviations you come across the syllabus, absorb them mentally. Learn the keywords/biological terms/definitions with conceptual clarity. Practise drawing neat and labelled diagrams. Give importance to biological and technical terms. Revise previous years question papers. Use the 15 minutes reading time to understand and assimilate the questions. Read the rubric attentively and choose the questions as per the rubrics, plan and organize your thoughts accordingly to give your best. Follow carefully the instructions given for each question. Attempt only the number of questions asked for in the question paper. Write the correct question number before answering. Be methodical and organized while answering. Do not separate the subsections of the question. Write in a neat and legible handwriting. Be confident and rely only on yourself. Avoid selective study. Learn definitions and highlight key words. Learn symbols of elements and their valencies. Practice writing balanced chemical equations with necessary conditions. Practice drawing of dot diagrams. Practice drawing of Structural formulae of organic compounds. Create charts with a comparative study on Hydrocarbons – alkanes, alkenes and alkynes including the equations and conditions and various industrial processes. Learn trends in properties across a period and draw a group. Be thorough with observations in practical chemistry and use colours to highlight observations along with tests to differentiate between substances. In a chemical equation, write an acid with its strength(dilute/concentration) Name organic chemical compounds only using IUPAC nomenclature. Select only one reagent when distinguishing between substances and state the result with each substance. Follow confirmatory test for colourless gases. Focus on observations such as specific smell or specific colour of precipitate or change in colour between reactants and products. Understand the role of substances used in the extraction of metals in metallurgy. Practice numerical problems regularly, solve numericals stepwise with correct formula and write the answer with correct unit. Pay special attention to reactions involving variations in products formed when conditions change using the same reactants. Solve the previous years’ papers to become familiar with the mode of questioning and marking system. Read the questions carefully and then answer accordingly what has been asked. Read the scope and syllabus prescribed for ICSE Biology. Revise the topics repeatedly for better understanding of concepts. Maintain a list of abbreviations related to the syllabus. Learn the keywords/biological terms/ definitions with conceptual clarity. Practise drawing neat and labelled diagrams. Give importance to biological and technical terms. Make the best use of the 15 minutes reading time to understand and assimilate the questions. Make your choice of question as per the rubrics and plan and organize your thoughts. Select the four questions you know the best in Section II. Follow carefully the instructions given for each question. Write the correct question number before answering. Be methodical and organized while answering. Do not separate the subsections of the question. Handwriting must be neat and legible. Do not attempt more questions than asked for in the question paper. ( 15 )