FOR 2021 EXAM
ICSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS CLASS 10
commercial studies WITH FURTHER REDUCED SYLLABUS For the Academic Year 2020-21 Exam
Latest Specimen Paper
Latest Solved Paper
Hybrid Edition Print+ Online Support
Mind Maps & Ontips Notes
(1)
3th edition year 2020-21
I SB N
SYLLABUS COVERED
“978-93-5423-189-6”
ICSE - INDIAN CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
Published by OSWAAL BOOKS & LEARNING PVT. LTD.
COP YR IG HT
RE S ER V E D
1/11, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, Agra - 282002, (UP) India
BY THE PUBLISHERS
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without written permission from the publishers. The author and publisher will gladly receive information enabling them to rectify any error or omission in subsequent editions.
1/1, Cambourne Business Centre Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB 236DP, United kingdom
0562-2857671 0562-2527781
[email protected]
www.OswaalBooks.com
DI SC L AIMER Oswaal Books has exercised due care and caution in collecting all the data before publishing this
book. In spite of this, if any omission, inaccuracy or printing error occurs with regard to the data contained in this book, Oswaal Books will not be held responsible or liable. Oswaal Books will be grateful if you could point out any such error or offer your suggestions which will be of great help for other readers. (2)
Oswaal ICSE 9th, 10th & ISC 11th, 12th Order Form ICSE Question Banks Class 9
ISC SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS
ISC Question Banks
Rate
Class 12
Rate
Class 11
Rate
1. Physics
` 249
1. Hindi
` 449
1. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 149
2. Chemistry
` 299
2. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 399
2. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 149
3. Mathematics
` 399
3. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 219
3. Physics
` 149
4. Biology
` 249
4. Physics
` 399
4. Chemistry
` 199
5. Economics
` 199
5. Chemistry
` 449
5. Mathematics
` 199
6. Commercial Studies
` 199
6. Mathematics
` 499
6. Biology
` 199
7. Geography
` 199
7. Biology
` 559
7. Business Studies
` 149
8. History & Civics
` 299
8. Accounts
` 349
8. Computer Science
` 149
ICSE Question Banks Class 10 1. Hindi
9. Economics
` 199
9. Commerce
` 149
Rate
10. Commerce
` 349
10. Economics
` 149
` 399
11. Business Studies
` 299
11. Accounts
` 199
ISC SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS
2. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 299
12. Computer Science
` 399
3. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 299
13. Physical Education
` 199
4. Physics
` 349
1. Hindi
` 199
5. Chemistry
` 399
Class 9
Rate
2. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 199
6. Mathematics
` 399
1. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 199
3. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 199
7. Biology
` 249
2. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 199
4. Physics
` 299
8. Economics
` 219
3. Physics
` 199
5. Chemistry
` 299
9. Economics Applications
` 179
4. Chemistry
` 199
6. Mathematics
` 299
10. Commercial Studies
` 199
5. Mathematics
` 199
7. Biology
` 299
11. Commercial Applications
` 229
6. Biology
` 199
8. Accounts
` 299
12. Geography
` 329
7. History & Civics
` 199
9. Economics
` 299
13. History & Civics
` 349
8. Geography
` 199
10. Commerce
` 199
14. Physical Education
` 199
9. Commercial Studies
` 199
11. Business Studies
` 199
15. Computer Applications
` 199
10. Economics
` 199
12. Computer Science
` 299
13. Physical Education
` 199
ISC Question Banks Class 11
ICSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS
ICSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS Rate
Class 10
Rate
Class 12
Rate
ICSE Pullout worksheets Class 10
Rate
1. Physics
` 399
1. Hindi
` 249
2. Chemistry
` 349
2. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 249
1. Hindi
` 399
3. Mathematics
` 499
3. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 249
2. English Paper-1 (Language)
` 299
4. Biology
` 499
4. Physics
` 249
3. English Paper-2 (Literature)
` 399
5. Accounts
` 399
5. Chemistry
` 249
4. Physics
` 399
6. Economics
` 299
6. Mathematics
` 249
5. Chemistry
` 399
7. Commerce
` 199
7. Biology
` 249
6. Mathematics
` 399
8. Business Studies
` 199
8. Economics
` 249
7. Biology
` 399
9. Computer Science
` 299
9. Geography
` 249
8. Economics
` 299
10. History & Civics
` 249
9. Geography
` 299
11. Commercial Studies
` 249
10. History & Civics
` 299
12. Commercial Applications
` 249
13. Economic Applications
` 249
14. Computer Applications
` 249
2811
Note:- Price are subject to change
To buy these books, you can scan the given code
(3)
Exclusive School Books Suppliers
VIZIANAGRAM HYDERABAD
ANDHRA PRADESH
Himansu Book Distributor, 9440629644, (08922) 225422
PUNE
TELANGANA
NAGPUR
Sri Balaji Book Depot , 9676996199, (040) 27613300
NAVI MUMBAI
KERALA
trivandrum
Academic Book House, (0471) 2333349, 9447063349, 8129499091 kolkata
tumkur
Palasandra Promoters, 9448214377, (0816) 2273220
GUNTUR
HYDERABAD
VIJAYAWADA
VISAKHAPATNAM
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
Y Renuka Devi, (0863) 2252308, 9490450750
MARGO
Unique Book World 9963698441, Sri Balaji Book Depot, (040) 27613300, 9866355473
MUMBAI
Sri Rajeshwari Book Link, (0891) 6661718, 9848036014
NAGPUR
Himalaya Book World, (040) 24732057, 7032578527,
Sri Kanka Durga Book Stall, 9603491009, 9849144007
NASHIK
ASSAM
Book Emporium, 9675972993, 6000763186
PATNA
Bokaro Student Friends, (0612) 2300600, 2618400,
PATIALA AHMEDABAD
BOKARO RANCHI
BENGALURU hubli
GOA
Golden Heart Emporium, (0832) 2725208, 9370273479
MAHARASHTRA
Shivam Books & Sta., (022) 28230897, 9892935799 Vidyarthi Sales Agencies, (022) 23851416, 9930460004 Rahul Book Centre, (0253) 2599608, 9970849681 Renuka Book Distributor, 9765986633.
Vijay Book Depot, (0712) 2534217, 2520496
Nova Publisher & Distributors, (0612) 2666404,
CUTTACK
A. K. Mishra Agencies, 9437025991, 9437081319
DELHI
BARIPADA
Trimurthi Book World, (0679) 2253336 9437034735
Prozo (Global Edu4 Share Pvt. Ltd), 9899037390, 8587837835,
LUDHIANA
Amit Book Depot., 9815807871,
CHANDIGARH
BARNALA
Navchetan Book Depot, 9779050692
GUJARAT
JAIPUR
Ravi Enterprises (0141) 2602517, 9828944479
CHENNAI
India Book House, (044) 24327784, 9094129595,
Gyan Ganga Ltd., 9117889900
TRICHY
Ruby Books, (044) 26425958, 9884519471 Trichy Book House, (0431) 2764198, 2766815, 9489764192. 9443238419
Sri Sai Ram Book traders, 9738881088,
AGARTALA
KERALA
AGRA
BIHAR
Mittal Books, (011) 23288887, 9899037390 9318395520
Adarsh Enterprises, Patiala, (0175) 2311431, 9814347613 Patel Book, 9898184248, 9824386112,
Uppal Brother, (0792) 2860529, 9426966986
JHARKHAND
Bokaro Student Friends, (0654) 2233094, 7360021503 Bokaro Student Friends, 9234628152,
KARNATAKA
Renuka Book Distributors, 836224414
KADAVANTHRA
H & C Stores, (0484) 2203683, 2204683, 9446411997
ALIGARH
KOLLAM
H & C Store, (0474) 2765421, 9447574778
AZAMGARH
PALARIVATTOM
H & C Store, (0484) 2344337
JOMER SRINILAYAM H & C Store, (0484) 2351233
H & C Store, (0481) 2304351, Book Centre, (0481) 2566992
TRIVANDRUM
Academic Book House, (0471) 2333349, 9447063349,
ODISHA
PUNJAB
Bhatia Book Centre, 9815277131, 7901814043
RAJASTHAN
Saraswati Book House, (0141) 2610823, 9829811155
TAMIL NADU
Vijaya Stores, 9381037417
TRIPURA
Book Emporium, (0381) 2391509, 9436460399,
UTTAR PRADESH
Om Pustak Mandir, (0562) 2464014, 9319117771, , Panchsheel Books, 9412257961, 9412257962
Surya Book House, (0484) 2363721, 9847124217,
KOTTAYAM
Vardhman Education, (020) 24480357, 9860574354
BHUBANESHWAR M/s Pragnya, 8847888616, 9437943777
Academic Book House, (0484) 2376613
ALLAHABAD
Edumart, (0471) 2322223, 9539701180 Aman Book Stall, (0495) 2721282,
Mehrotra, (0532) 2266865, 9415636890 Sasta Sahitya Sadan, 9450029674
Rama Book Depot, (0522) 4080133, 9956922433 (Retail)
VARANASI
Bokaro Student Friends, (0542) 2401250, 8299344607
KOLKATA
MADHYA PRADESH
Shaligram & Sons, (0571) 2421887, 9412317800
LUCKNOW MEERUT
H & C Store, (0471) 2572010, 9446411996
Manav Book Distributor, 8126190990, 9358429663
Arun Prakashan, (0731) 2459448, 9424890785 Akash Pustak Sadan, 9826563047, SILIGURI
Ideal Book Depot, (0121) 4059252, 9837066307 Gupta Books, 9918155500, 8707225564
WEST BENGAL
Eureka Book, (033) 25934001, 9433089132
Oriental Publishers & Distributor (033) 40628367 Katha 'O' Kahani, (033) 22196313, 22419071, Saha Book House, (033) 22193671, 9333416484 United Book House, 9231692641, (033) 22418105 Agarwal Book House, (0353) 2535274, 9832038727
2011
INDORE JABALPUR
west bengal
Eureka Book Emporium, 9433089132 / 33-25934001
Natraj Book Depot., (020) 24485054, 9890054092,
ERNAKULAM
CALICUT
Ravechi Book Stationery, 022-27720445,
PUNE
Gyan Ganga Ltd., 9304826651
NOIDA
Vardhman Educational, 9834678521
Novelty Book Depot, (0712) 2534884
OUR DISTRIBUTORS
GUWAHATI
DELHI
MAHARASHTRA
(4)
CONTENTS l l l l
Further Reduced Syllabus issued by CISCE for Academic Year 2020 - 21 Topics/Concepts Found Difficult or Confusing by Candidates Suggestions for Students ICSE Solved Paper 2020 (Issued by CISCE)
8 - 9 10 - 11 12 - 12 13 - 23 1 - 10 11 - 15
Mind Maps On Tips Notes Sample Question Papers (Solved)
Sample Question Paper - 1 (Examination Paper-2019) 16 - 33 With Topper's Answers with Board Marking Scheme Sample (Specimen 2019) Question Paper - 2 34 - 46 With Answers Sample Question Paper - 3 47 - 48 Sample Question Paper - 4 49 - 50 Sample Question Paper - 5 51 - 52
Self Assessment Papers*
53 - 54 55 - 56 57 - 58 59 - 61 62 - 63
Self Assessment Paper - 1 Self Assessment Paper - 2 Self Assessment Paper - 3 Self Assessment Paper - 4 Self Assessment Paper - 5
Solutions
64 - 72 73 - 81 82 - 90
Sample Question Paper - 3 Sample Question Paper - 4 Sample Question Paper - 5
Hints of Self Assessment Papers 1-5
91 - 95
The Best Part? You can also evaluate yourself in English-1
https://qrgo.page.link/nqqqg
Scan the QR for complete access to
SCAN
2020 Board Solved Paper
*Solutions can be downloaded from www.oswaalbooks.com or by Scanning the QR Code inside.
LOOK OUT FOR 'HIGHLY LIKELY QUESTIONS'
These questions are selected by Oswaal Books Proprietary Artificial Intelligence Algorithm. They are highly likely to be asked in the upcoming examinations.
(5)
Hear it from the Toppers!
Exam season is here and it’s time for some expert tips to ace your exams. To watch the video,
Scan the QR (6)
(7)
FURTHER REDUCED SYLLABUS (2020-21)
Commercial Studies CLASS 10 There will be one written paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks. The paper will be divided into two sections A and B. Section A (Compulsory) will consist of questions requiring short answers and will cover the entire syllabus. There will be no choice of questions. Section B will consist of questions, which will require detailed answers. There will be a choice and candidates will be required to answer four questions from this section. 1.
Stakeholders in Commercial Organisations
(a) Meaning of stakeholder, types: Internal (shareholder, employee and employer – meaning of each) and External stakeholders (supplier, creditor, government and society – meaning of each); differences between internal and external stakeholders.
(b) Expectations of employers (owners and managers), employees, creditors and suppliers, government and society from a commercial organization.
2. Marketing and Sales
(a) Marketing
(b) Product and Service
Central Bank: Meaning and functions, Difference between the Central Bank and Commercial Banks.
(ii) Internet Banking
Advertising: Meaning, importance of advertising; merits and demerits, difference between advertising and publicity. Advertising Agency: meaning and functions only. Social Advertising Media : Concept and examples only.
Modes of transferring money / Net Banking: NEFT, RTGS, IMPS, mobile wallets: meaning only.
ATM, Credit & Debit cards- meaning & difference, caution to be taken while using these cards.
Sales Promotion – Meaning and techniques; difference between advertising and sales promotion.
Consumer Protection Act, 1986: Features of the Act, rights of a consumer. Consumer Exploitation: meaning and types. Importance of consumer awareness.
(f) E-commerce
(i) Central Bank
Meaning and objectives
(e) Consumer Protection
(d) Advertising and Sales promotion
Meaning and difference between a product and a service (with examples).
(c) Pricing
Meaning and objectives of marketing, difference between marketing and sales.
3. Finance and Accounting (a) Capital and Revenue Capital and revenue receipts, capital and revenue expenditure (meaning, difference and examples) deferred revenue expenditure (meaning and examples) (b) Final Accounts of Sole Proprietorship • Meaning and preparation of Trading account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet based on the given trial balance with the adjustment of closing stock only. • (Preparation of manufacturing account, profit and loss on sale of assets, intangible and fictitious assets, prepaid and accrued expenses and incomes are excluded.) (c) Sources of Finance (i) Capital Market Meaning and functions of Capital Market. (ii) Sources of raising capital Long term: Meaning of shares (Types: preference and equity) and debentures, differences between the two. Short term: Loans from commercial banks (cash credit, overdraft, discounting of bills – meaning only). 4. Banking
Introduction and benefits over traditional methods of transactions, E-tailing, E-advertising, E-marketing and E-security (meaning only). ERP and its modules (brief concept).
(iii) Financial fraudulent practices Credit card fraud, false accounting, insurance fraud, intellectual property fraud, internet and cyber fraud. A brief understanding of these types of financial fraud. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
A minimum of three assignments are to be done during the year, as assigned by the teacher. EVALUATION The project work is to be evaluated by the subject teacher and by an External Examiner. The External Examiner shall be nominated by the Head of the school and may
(8)
...contd Syllabus be a teacher from the faculty, but not teaching the subject in the relevant section/class. For example, a teacher of Commerce/Accounts of Class XI may be deputed to be the External Examiner for Class X Commercial Studies project work.
Award of marks
(20 Marks)
The Internal Examiner and the External Examiner will assess the candidate’s work independently.
The Head of the school will be responsible for the online entry of marks on the Council’s CAREERS portal by the due date.
Subject Teacher (Internal Examiner)
10 marks
External Examiner
10 marks
The total mark obtained out of 20 are to be sent to the Council by the Head of the school.
(9)
qq
Topics/Concepts Found Difficult or Confusing by Candidates Examination Paper 2019 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Market and Marketing. Debit Card and Credit Card. Shares and Debentures. Price and Pricing. Advertising and Advertising agency. Discounting of bills of exchange. Capital Market and Normal Market. Semi-variable Cost. NEFT and RTGS. Health Insurance and Life Insurance. Employees and Employers. Industrial relations. Clearing house function of Central Bank. Principles of Insurance. Central Pollution Control Board & Environment (Protection) Act.
Examination Paper 2018 l
l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Distinction between Shut down costs and Sunk costs : Downward Communication and Upward Communication. Brand loyalty was considered an asset for the company. Examples of indirect material. ‘Contribution’ as a principle of insurance being confused with contribution of premium by the insured. Travellers’ cheques. Sustainable uses of water. Expectations of Suppliers from the business organization. Group life insurance Right to consumer education was confused with fundamental rights. Indirect material confused with indirect expenses. Bank draft confused with overdraft. Standardization and Grading confused with over all grading Sales promotion techniques confused with brand promotion. A few items like Fixtures & fittings, trade expenses, premise etc. incorrectly posted in final accounts.
Examination Paper 2017 l l l l l l l l l
Distinguish between – direct cost and indirect cost; private and public warehouses; overdraft and cash credit; gratuity and provident fund. Reason for use of survey methods. Convenience products. Semi-variable cost. Mural advertising. Role and concepts of eco-efficiency and eco-friendly technology. Usefulness of budget for management. Associates of business enterprise- confused with other stakeholders of business enterprise. Semantic barrier confused with other barriers.
( 10 )
...contd l l l l
Group life insurance and life insurance. Overcoming barriers of communication and barriers to communication. Off-the job training and on-the job training. Posting of entries like free hold premises, light and water, office expense etc. goes to profit / loss in the balance sheet.
Examination Paper 2016 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
Coupons and Premiums. Contain of Pay-in-slip. Financing facilitate the marketing. Modes of purchasing goods. Organisational barrier. Exchange functions of marketing. Limitations of television advertising. Utmost good faith and Doctrine of Subrogation. Environmental values. Verbal & Non- verbal communication with oral and written communication. Coupons and premium with insurance premium. Exchange function of marketing with exchange of goods. Main function of commercial bank with agency functions. Limitation of advertising and advantages of advertising. Inter-personal skills with process of communication.
Examination Paper 2015 l Publicity l Insurance l Environmental ethics l Code of conduct for advertisers l Sustainable use of resources l Entries in the Trading and Profit &
Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
Examination Paper 2014 l Promotion Mix. l Marketing l Brand Promotion. l Basic terms like Warehouse Receipt l Principles of Insurance. l Preparation of Final Accounts.
and Warrant, Discounting of Bills, etc.
( 11 )
Suggestions for Students ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð ð
Understand keywords/basic concepts and terms and then learn. Learn concepts with examples for better understanding. Utilize the 15 minutes reading time judiciously. Reading time must be utilized fully and carefully. Give to the point and precise answers in Section A. Write differences in a tabular form with the basis of distinction. Always give examples to support your answers. Pay attention in class and get all doubts clarified. Revise the concepts regularly. Solve ICSE question papers of previous years. Write answers neatly as presentation matters. Number the questions properly. Answer all sub parts of a question together. Write long answers with sub-headings explained in points. Go through the topic in detail according to scope of the syllabus. Write the distinctions in a tabular form with the basis of distinction. Practice writing answers point wise with a brief explanation and with suitable examples. Read the question carefully before answering. Avoid selective study. Revise thoroughly before submission of the answer script. Atleast two clear difference with basis of distinction must be written as per requirement. Answers must be supported with a brief explanation of each head or sub-heads accordingly. Answers must be written systematically with parts and sub-parts. Good presentation and group discussion helps to understand and create power point presentation of each topic. Draw charts and give examples wherever required. Main points should be highlighted by an UNDERLINE. Good and neat handwriting will be an added advantage. For topics like Banking, live projects to be made so as to understand the system better.
( 12 )
ICSE solved Paper 2020* Class X Commercial Studies (Two Hours) Answer to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper. The time given at the head of this paper is the time allowed for writing the answers. Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B. The Intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets[]. *Note : This Paper is Solely for Reference Purpose. The Syllabus has now been modified by CISCE for 2021 Exam.
SECTION A (40 marks) Attempt all questions from this Section
Question 1.
Distinguish between :
(a) Advertising and Publicity
[2]
(b) Capital and Revenue expenditure
[2]
(c) Equity shares and Preference shares
[2]
(d) Internal and External Stakeholders
[2]
(e) Central Bank and Commercial Bank
[2]
Question 2. (a) What is E-tailing?
[2]
(b) What are Fixed Costs?
[2]
(c) What is a Budget?
[2]
(d) Briefly explain Provident Fund.
[2]
(e) State two advantages of internal recruitment.
[2]
Question 3. (a) State two advantages of Campus Recruitment as an external source of rectruitment.
[2]
(b) What do you mean by E-security?
[2]
(c) What is meant by Industrial Relations?
[2]
(d) Briefly explain the principle of Utmost good faith of insurance.
[2]
(e) ‘The Central Bank is a banker’s bank.’ Explain in brief.
[2]
Question 4. (a) Briefly explain any two types of Selection tests.
[2]
(b) What are Bonded Warehouses?
[2]
(c) What do you mean by Insurance?
[2]
(d) State any two features of the Consumer Protection Act.
[2]
(e) Explain in brief Credit Card Fraud.
[2]
OSWAAL ICSE Sample Question Papers, commercial studies, Class-X
14
SECTION B (40 marks) Attempt any four questions from this Section
Question 5. (a) Explain any five objectives of Marketing.
[5]
(b) What is ERP? Explain any three modules of the ERP System.
[5]
Question 6. (a) State any five expectations of employees from a business organization.
[5]
(b) Describe any five utilities of a budget.
[5]
Question 7. (a) Explain any five merits of road transport.
[5]
[5]
(b) Explain :
(i) ATM (ii) Debentures Question 8. (a) Explain any five features of the Environment Protection Act.
[5]
(b) Briefly, explain any five benefits of advertising to producers.
[5]
Question 9. (a) What are the various ways by which consumers are exploited?
[5]
[5]
(b) Explain :
(i) NEFT (ii) RTGS Question 10.
From the following Trial Balance of A.B. Chandra as on 31st December, 2019 :
Trial Balance of A.B. Chandra
as on 31.12.2019 Particulars
Amount (Dr.)
Particulars
[10]
Amount (Cr.)
Cash in hand
2,000
Discount Received
Drawings
2,800
Capital
Opening Stock (01/01/2018)
4,000
Purchases Returns
Wages
2,000
Sales
83,000
Cash at Bank
3,500
Creditors
15,000
Bank Loan
10,000
Insurance Trade Expenses
700 1,200
Furniture
20,000
Buildings
61,000
750 40,000 1,250
Solved Paper - 2020
15
Salaries
5,000
Discount Allowed
750
Sales Returns
3,000
Purchases
31,250
Debtors
10,000
Telephone Charges
1,000
Bills Receivable
1,800
Total
1,50,000
Total
1,50,000
The closing stock was valued at ` 12,000.
You are required to prepare a Trading Account and a Profit & Loss Account for the year ending 31st December, 2019 and a Balance Sheet as on 31st December, 2019.
Answers
SECTION A
1. (a)
Difference between Advertising and Publicity Advertising
Publicity
To stimulate and create demand for products.
To create a favourable public opinion about the organization.
It is directly paid by the sponsor.
It is not paid by the sponsor.
(b)
Difference between Capital Expenditure and Revenue Expenditure Capital Expenditure
Revenue Expenditure
It is incurred for the acquisition or erection of It is incurred for day-to-day conduct of Fixed Assets. business. It increases the earning capacity of the business. It does not increase the earning capacity of the business. Benefit extends to more than one year.
Benefit extends upto one year.
It is shown in the Balance Sheet as an asset.
It is shown as an expense in the Trading and Profit & Loss Account.
It is of a non-recurring nature.
It is recurring in nature. [Any two]
(c)
Difference between Equity Shares and Preference Shares Equity Shares
Used as a method of long-term financing.
Preference Shares Used for both long-term and medium-term financing.