BIOLOGY

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4 EDITION

IS B N SYLLABUS COVERED

“978-93-5463-506-9”

DEPARTMENT OF PRE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, KARNATAKA

PUBLISHED BY

C O P YR IG H T

RESERVED BY THE PUBLISHERS All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without written permission from the publishers. The author and publisher will gladly receive information enabling them to rectify any error or omission in subsequent editions.

OSWAAL BOOKS & LEARNING PVT. LTD. 1/11, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, Agra - 282002, (UP) India

1/1, Cambourne Business Centre Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB 236DP, United kingdom

0562-2857671 0562-2527781

[email protected]

www.OswaalBooks.com

D I S C L A IM ER Oswaal Books has exercised due care and caution in collecting all the data before publishing this book. In spite of this, if any omission, inaccuracy or printing error occurs with regard to the data contained in this book, Oswaal Books will not be held responsible or liable. Oswaal Books will be grateful if you could point out any such error or offer your suggestions which will be of great help for other readers. ) Printed at Upkar( iiPrinting Unit, Agra

LET THE ADVENTURE BEGIN

The new way of learning; Blended Learning The pandemic introduced us all to a phenomenon which now seems to be the way forward for learners & teachers alike, it is Blended Learning. In just a span of a year, we have witnessed a rapid advancement in e-learning. 0DQ\UHVHDUFKHUVVD\WKDWLQ no time e-learning will become mainstream. Oswaal Books LGHQWLÀHGWKLVDVDQRSSRUWXQLW\ and thus we decided to prepare students for this turbulent yet a very useful change, hence this book is a hybrid edition. Through this hybrid edition, we aim to help the students learn at their own pace. Hence, we wish to make learning adaptive in order to simplify it for every student.

India is currently one of the youngest economies in the world. Hence, it’s imperative for our education system to churn out more learners than ever before. It is this ‘learner’s mindset’ which will set us apart from the rest of the world. Through Education, we must VRZ WKH VHHGV RI &XULRVLW\ WRGD\ WR UHDS WKH EHQHÀWV RI ,QWHOOHFW tomorrow.

Why this book? This book prepares students for the new world & its new challengesit focuses on nurturing problem solving and thinking skills. ‡ ,W LV VWULFWO\ EDVHG RQ WKH ODWHVW 38( EOXHSULQW DQG GHVLJQ IRU  38&H[DPV ‡ ,WFRQWDLQVIXOO\VROYHGTXHVWLRQVIURP1&(57WH[WERRNLVVXHG  E\'HSDUWPHQWRI3UH8QLYHUVLW\(GXFDWLRQ ‡ 6WXGHQWVJHWDPSOHSUDFWLFHZLWKDOO7\SRORJLHVRI4XHVWLRQV  /LNH 96$ 4XHVWLRQV 9HU\ 6KRUW $QVZHU  6$ 4XHVWLRQV 6KRUW  $QVZHU 0&4V0XOWLSOH&KRLFH4XHVWLRQV DQG/$4XHVWLRQV  /RQJ$QVZHU  ‡ 7KH ERRN KHOSV VSHHG XS ODVWPLQXWH SUHSDUDWLRQV ZLWK synopsis given at the beginning of every chapter which covers all the essential points. ‡ (TXLSSHG ZLWK LQQRYDWLYH OHDUQLQJ WRROV OLNH ¶0LQG 0DSV· DQG  KLJKTXDOLW\ ÀJXUHV WKLV ERRN LV D JUHDW WRRO IRU TXDOLWDWLYH learning and developing a deeper understanding of concepts.

Our Heartfelt Gratitude! $WODVWZHZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQNRXUDXWKRUVHGLWRUVDQGUHYLHZHUV6SHFLDOWKDQNVWRVWXGHQWVZKRVHQG XVVXJJHVWLRQVDQGFRQVWDQWO\KHOSLPSURYHRXUERRNV:HSURPLVHWRDOZD\VVWULYHWRZDUGV¶0DNLQJ /HDUQLQJ6LPSOH·IRUDOORI\RX Wish you all Happy Learning and a Successful 2021-22!!

( iii )

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