1st EDITION

ISBN SYLLABUS COVERED

YEAR 2021-22 “978-93-5463-710-0”

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION DELHI

PUBLISHED BY

COPYRIG HT

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Oswaal Books has exercised due care and caution in collecting all the data before publishing this book. In spite of this, if any omission, inaccuracy or printing error occurs with regard to the data contained in this book, Oswaal Books will not be held responsible or liable. Oswaal Books will be grateful if you could point out any such error or offer your suggestions which will be of great help for other readers. (2)

TABLE OF CONTENTS  Latest CBSE Circular & Syllabus released on 22 July, 2021 for Academic Year 2021-22 6 - 13 (CBSE Cir. No. Acad 53/2021)



In each chapter, for better understanding, questions have been classified according to the typology issued by CBSE as : R

- Remembering

U

- Understanding

A

- Applying

AE - Analysing & Evaluating

C

- Creating

PART - A : INTRODUCTORY MACROECONOMICS Unit 2 : Money and Banking 1. Money and Banking

1 - 7

Unit 4 :Government Budget and the Economy 2. Government Budget and the Economy

8 - 16

Unit 5 : Balance of Payments 3. Balance of Payments

17 - 23

4. Foreign Exchange Rate

24 - 28

PART - B : INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Unit 6 :Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms Since 1991 5. Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms Since 1991

29 - 52

Unit 7 :Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy 6. Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy

53 - 71

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TWIST IN THE TEST How will this special scheme benefit the students? 2020 was a year that has fundamentally changed the world as we knew it. Every sector underwent a transformation, none more so than education. Students and teachers alike adapted to online learning, examinations and new teaching learning methodologies.

The Special Assessment Scheme CBSE’s Special Assessment Scheme has radically transformed the evaluation landscape. This novel decision has unequivocally changed the perception of board examinations in India. This change has made our examination systems compatible with semester-based systems followed in higher education institutions in the country and across the globe. As per the Special Assessment Scheme, the Academic Session 2021-22 will be divided into two terms with approximately 50% syllabus in each term, thereby helping the students in achieving the learning objectives over a more structured and progressively flexible curriculum.

This announcement, right at the start of the new academic year, gives teachers and students ample time to prepare and plan for the year. This timely announcement will enable students to have a clear understanding of what they need to study for their Terms – I & II for their board examinations.

How to prepare for Term – I board? There is a lot of focus on MCQs in the assessment policy as they are a robust assessment technique for evaluating learning outcomes. MCQs are an excellent way to test conceptual understanding. They offer the advantages of versatility (can be used to assess application & problem solving), and are a much more reliable test of understanding. The Term – I examination will be of 90 minutes’ duration and the question paper will have Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) including case-based MCQs and MCQs on assertion-reason type. This focus on MCQs will make students mentally more ready for facing competitive examinations in the future. Oswaal CBSE Chapter-wise Question Banks for Term – I are strictly based on the new term-wise syllabus for Board examinations to be held in the Academic Session 2021-22. For extensive practice of MCQs based questions and for deep understanding of core-concepts. These Question Banks include:

1. Multiple Choice Questions based on latest typologies introduced by the board like: a. Stand-alone MCQs b. MCQs based on Assertion-Reason c. Case-based MCQs 2. Revision Notes, Mnemonics, Mind Maps, Answers with Explanations & Concept videos, all of which enhance learning experiences and improve learning outcomes. 3. Questions from CBSE official Question Bank (released in April 2021) for exam-oriented preparation. Our Heartfelt Gratitude Finally, we would like to thank our authors, editors, and reviewers. We promise to always strive towards ‘Making Learning Simple’ for all of you. Wish you all Happy Learning! Wish you all Happy Learning and a Successful 2021-22!!

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CBSE CIRCULAR 2021-22 dsUÊh; ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

NO.: F.1001/CBSE-Acad/Curriculum/2021

Date: July 22, 2021 Circular No: Acad- 53/2021

All the Heads of Schools affiliated to CBSE Subject:

Term wise syllabus for Board Examinations to be held in the academic session 2021-22 for Secondary and Senior Secondary classes and guidelines for the conduct of the Internal Assessment/Practicum/Project.

This is in continuation to Board’s circular number Acad 51/2021 dated July 05, 2021 regarding Special Scheme of Assessment for Board Examination for Classes X and XII for the Session 2021- 22. The syllabus for the two terms mentioned in the scheme in all subjects for classes IX to XII are hereby notified vides this circular. In addition to syllabus for term end board examinations, guidelines for the conduct of Internal Assessment/Practicum/Project are also enclosed. Schools are requested to share the term wise syllabus and guidelines for the conduct of board examinations and Internal Assessment / Practicum / Project available on CBSE Academic Website http://www.cbseacademic.nic.in at the link http://cbseacademic.nic.in/Term-wise-curriculum_2022.html with all their teachers and students.

(Dr. Joseph Emmanuel)

Director (Academics)

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SYLLABUS

Latest Syllabus for Academic Year (2021-22)

Theory : 40 Marks

ECONOMICS (Code No: - 030) CLASS-XII - TERM-WISE CURRICULUM

TERM 1 - MCQ BASED QUESTION PAPER Part A

Marks

Periods

Money and Banking

6

8

Government Budget and the Economy

6

15

Balance of Payments

6

7

18

30

Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:  Indian Economy on the eve of Independence  Indian Economy (1950-90)  Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation : An Appraisal

12

28

Current Challenges facing Indian Economy  Poverty  Human Capital Formation  Rural development

10

17

Sub Total

22

45

Total

40

75

Project Work (Part 1)

10

Introductory Macroeconomics

Sub Total Part B

Time : 90 minutes

Indian Economic Development

Students would prepare only ONE project in the entire academic session, which is divided into 2 terms i.e. Term I and Term II.

Term- I Part A : Introductory Macroeconomics Unit 2 : Money and Banking

8 Periods



Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.



Money creation by the commercial banking system.



Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker’s Bank, Control of Credit

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SYLLABUS Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

15 Periods



Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.



Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.



Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5 : Balance of Payments

7 Periods



Balance of payments account - meaning and components;



Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.

Part B : Indian Economic Development Unit 6 : Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991

28 Periods



A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.



Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.



Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural



strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.



Economic Reforms since 1991 :



Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST.

Unit 7 : Current challenges facing Indian Economy

17 Periods



Poverty : Absolute and relative; main programmes for poverty alleviation: a critical assessment.



Human Capital Formation : How people become resource; role of human capital in economic development.



Rural development : Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification.

Theory : 40 Marks

Time : 2 Hours

TERM 2 - SUBJECTIVE QUESTION PAPER Part A

Part B

Marks

Periods

National Income and Related Aggregates

10

23

Determination of Income and Employment

12

22

Sub Total

22

45

12

18

Introductory Macroeconomics

Indian Economic Development Current challenges facing Indian Economy  Employment  Infrastructure  Sustainable Economic Development (8)

SYLLABUS Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours Comparative Development Experience of India and its Neighbours

6

12

Sub Total

18

30

Total

40

75

Project Work

10

Term- II Part A : Introductory Macroeconomics Unit 1 : National Income and Related Aggregates

23 Periods



What is Macroeconomics?



Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.



Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.



Aggregates related to National Income :



Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP. GDP and Welfare



Unit 3 : Determination of Income and Employment

22 Periods



Aggregate demand and its components.



Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).



Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.



Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.



Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes ingovernment spending, taxes and money supply through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Part B : Indian Economic Development Unit 7 : Current challenges facing Indian Economy

18 Periods



Employment : Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies



Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment;



Sustainable Economic Development : Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8 : Development Experience of India :

A comparison with neighbours:



India and Pakistan

12 Periods

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SYLLABUS

India and China



Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators

Part C : Project in Economics

15 Periods

Prescribed Books: 1. Statistics for Economics, NCERT 2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT 3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT 4. Macroeconomics, NCERT 5. Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE Guidelines for Project Work in Economics

20 Marks

Only ONE Project is to be done throughout the session. 1. The objectives of the project work Objectives of project work are to enable learners to:  Probe deeper into personal enquiry, initiate action and reflect on knowledge and skills, views etc. aquired during the course of class XI-XII.  Analyse and evaluate real world scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments.  demonstrate the application of critical and creative thinking skills and abilities to produce an indepen ent and extended piece of work.  follow up aspects in which learners have interest.  develop the communication skills to argue logically. 2. Role of the teacher : The teacher plays a critical role in developing thinking skills of the learners. A teacher should:  Help each learner select the topic after detailed discussions and deliberations of the topic;  play the role of a facilitator to support and monitor the project work of the learner through periodic discussions;  guide the research work in terms of sources for the relevant data;  ensure that students must understand the relevance and usage of primary evidence and other sources in their projects and duly acknowledge the same; 

ensure that the students are able to derive a conclusion from the content; cite the limitations faced during the research and give appropriate references used in doing the research work.

 educate learner about plagiarism and the importance of quoting the source of the information to ensure authenticity of research work.  Prepare the learner for the presentation of the project work.  Arrange a presentation of the project file.

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SYLLABUS 3. Steps involved in the conduct of the project: Students may work upon the following lines as a suggested flow chart : Choose a title/topic 

Collection of the research material/data 

Organization of material/data 

Present material/data 

Analysing the material/data for conclusion 

Draw the relevant conclusion 

Presentation of the Project Work  The project work can be in the form of Power Point Presentation/Exhibition/Skit /albums/files/song and dance or culture show /story telling/debate/panel discussion, paper presentation and so on. Any of these activities which are suitable to visually impaired/differently-abled candidates can be performed as per the choice of the student. 4. Expected Checklist :

     



Introduction of topic/title Identifying the causes, events, consequences and/or remedies. Various stakeholders and effect on each of them. Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified. Short-term and long-term implications of strategies suggested in the course of research. Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and for presentation in the project file. Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file.

 Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc. 5. Term-Wise Assessment of Project Work:  Project Work has broadly the following phases: Synopsis/ Initiation, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Conclusion.  The aspects of the project work to be covered by students can be assessed during the two terms.  20 marks assigned for Project Work can be divided in to two terms in the following manner:

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SYLLABUS TERM-I PROJECT WORK (Part 1): 10 Marks The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term I in the following manner: Month

Periodic Work

Assessment Rubrics

Marks

1-3 JulySeptember

Instructions about Project Guidelines, Background reading Discussions on Theme and Selection of the Final Topic, Initiation/ Synopsis

Introduction, Statement of Purpose/Need and Objective of the Study, Hypothesis/Research Question, Review of Literature, Presentation of Evidence, Key Words, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection.

5

4-5 OctoberNovember

Planning and organisation: Significance and relevance of the topic; chalforming an action plan, lenges encountered while conducting feasibility or baseline study, the research. Updating/modifying the action plan, Data Collection

5

OctoberNovember

Mid-term Assessment by internal examiner

10

TERM-II PROJECT WORK (Part 2): 10 Marks The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term II in the following manner: Month

Periodic Work

Assessment Rubrics

6-7 DecemberJanuary

Content/data analysis and interpretation.

Content analysis and its relevance in the current scenario.

Conclusion, Limitations, Suggestions, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation of the project.

Conclusion, Limitations, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation.

8 January/ February

Final Assessment and VIVA by both Internal and External Examiners

External/ Internal Viva based on the project

Total

Marks

5

5 10

6. Viva-Voce 

At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner.  The questions should be asked from the Research Work/ Project File of the learner.  The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by the learner is his/her own original work.  In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified. Expected Checklist:



Introduction of topic/title. Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies.  Various stakeholders and effect on each of them.  Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified.  Short-term and long-term implications of strategies suggested in the course of research. 

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SYLLABUS  Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and for presentation in the project file.  Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file.  Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc. Mode of presentation/submission of the Project: At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the Research Work/ Project File of the learner. The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by the learner is his/her own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified. SUGGESTIVE LIST OF PROJECTS: Class - XII 

Micro and Small Scale Industries



Food supply channel in India



Contemporary employment situation in India



Disinvestment policy of the government



Health expenditure (of any state)

 Goods

GDP

and Services Tax Act and its impact on



Human Development Index



Inclusive growth strategy



Self-help group



Trends in credit availability in India



Monetary policy committee and its functions



Role of RBI in control of credit



Government budget and its components



Trends in budgetary condition of India



Currency war – reasons and repercussions

 Exchange

techniques

rate determination – methods and



Livestock – backbone of rural India



Alternate fuel – types and importance



Sarwa Siksha Abhiyan – Cost Ratio Benefits



Golden Quadrilateral- cost ratio benefit



Minimum support prices

 Relation



Waste management in India – need of the hour

 Minimum



Digital India- step towards the future



Rain Water Harvesting – a solution to water crises



Vertical farming – an alternate way



Silk Route- revival of the past



Make in India – the way ahead



Bumper Production- boon or bane for the farmer



Rise of Concrete Jungle- trend Analysis



Organic Farming – back to the nature



Any other topic

 Any

between Stock Price Index and Economic Health of Nation tion

other newspaper article and its evaluation on basis of economic principles

Wage Rate – approach and applica-

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HEAR IT FROM OUR HAPPY READERS!

Daksh Gaba Teacher

If you are confident after solving 5 solved sample papers you can practice the 5 self-assessment papers which have QR code so you can see answers and they are kind to provide hints and I think this worked for me. Excellent preparation tool for my Boards!!

Good sample paper for preparation after revision. Once I finished my syllabus for boards, I used sample papers for practicing and found it really good and beneficial.

Very good test papers as per new CBSE pattern. Very good mind maps and chapter wise notes. Also, toppers answer papers for reference are extremely helpful.

Oswaal Sample Question Papers are great for practice because it contains a variety of questions synchronised with the latest syllabus. Kudos to the Oswaal Editorial Team!

Rajni Student

Ansh Teacher

Rohan Mehra Teacher

This is the best book of sample papers for 10th. Best material for the board preparation. Highly Recommended!!

This is the best till date, I completed all the sample papers and got a good practice of writing in examination, just go for it. Surely, it will help you a lot.

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Prem Student

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Soham Roshan Student

( 14 )

30 DAYS OF ONLY GRATITUDE! Take it as a challenge; practice gratitude every day. When you’ll look around yourself, you’ll find umpteen number of things to be grateful for. Practicing gratitude everyday will only multiply those things in your life & will ignite positive emotions in you. Here are a few things you could be grateful for.

#1 About your body.

#6 A Smell you love.

#11 A food you love.

#16 A person you look up to.

#2 What you find beautiful.

#7 Something that makes you smile.

#12 An ability of yours.

#17 A personality trait of yours.

#3

So, get started today!

#4

A song you love.

#8

An accomplishment of yours.

#9

A happy memory.

#13 A person.

Something you like about where you live.

#14 You’re looking forward to.

#18

#19

An item you use every day.

A freedom you are grateful for.

#24

#5 A friend.

#10 A person in your family.

#15 A life lesson.

#20 A holiday you love.

#21

#22

#23

A technology.

Something made you laugh.

Something nice.

#26

#27

#28

#29

#30

Something that brings hope.

A compliment you have received.

Something you are passionate about.

Something in nature.

A gift you received.

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A book magazine or podcast.

#25 Another person.