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* bl iqLrd esa izdkf'kr lwpuk,¡ ,oa rF; iwjh rjg ls lR;kfir fd, x, gSaA ;fn dksbZ tkudkjh ;k rF; xyr izdkf'kr gks x;k gks rks izdk'kd] laiknd vFkok eqnzd ml lkexzh ls lacafèkr fdlh O;fDr&fo'ks"k vFkok laLFkk dks igq¡ph {kfr ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha gksxkA * izdk'kd dh fyf[kr iwokZuqefr ds fcuk bl iqLrd dh fo"k;&lkexzh dks fdlh Hkh :i esa iQksVksLVsV] bysDVªksLVsV] Vad.k] lqèkkj izzfØ;k bR;kfn rjhdksa ls iqu% iz;ksx dj mldk laxzg.k] izlkj.k ,oa forj.k iw.kZr% oftZr gSA * lHkh fooknksa dk fuiVkjk fnYyh U;kf;d {ks=k esa gksxkA

izdk'kd

izHkkr izdk'ku izk- fy- dk miØe 4@19 vkliQ vyh jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110002 iQksu & 232289555 • 23289666 • 23289777 • gsYiykbu@ 7827007777 b&esy % [email protected]  osc fBdkuk www.prabhatexam.com

lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr

v-ek-iq-l-

978-93-5488-306-4

 NCERT OBJECTIVE

BHARTIYA RAJVYAVAsTHA Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh, IAS (AIR-49) ISBN 978-93-5488-306-4

iii

fo"k;&lwph 1- Hkkjr dk laoS/kfud fodkl -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1-5 2- lafo/ku ij fons'kh izHkko@lafo/ku lHkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6-8 3- lafo/ku esa vuqPNsn@vuqlwph@lafo/ku la'kks/u ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9-20 4- mísf'kdk@jk"Vªh; izrhd ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21-23 5- 'kklu iz.kkyh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24-25 6- jkT;@la?k jkT; {ks=k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 26-29 7- ukxfjdrk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30-31 8- ewy vf/dkj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32-38 9- funs'kd rRo@ewy dÙkZO; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39-42 10- jk"Vªifr@mijk"Vªifr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43-53 11- iz/kuea=kh@dsUnzh; eaf=kifj"kn~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54-58 12- egkU;k;oknh@dSx@fuokZpu vk;ksx@foÙk vk;ksx@uhfr vk;ksx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59-65 13- laln@fo/kueaMy --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66-95 14- eq[;ea=kh@jkT;iky@jkT; eaf=keaMy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96-101 15- loksZPp U;k;ky;@mPp U;k;ky;@v/huLFk U;k;ky; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102-116 16- dsUnz&jkT; lEcU/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117-121 17- vkikr mica/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122-124 18- yksdiky o vU; vk;ksx ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 125-125 19- pquko vk;ksx@jktuhfrd ny@pquko izfØ;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 126-133 20- jktHkk"kk------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134-135 21- iapk;rh jkt@lkeqnkf;d fodkl ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136-140 22- oqQN oxks± osQ fy, fo'ks"k mica/------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 141-142 23- fofo/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143-167

1



1- 1853 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,& 1. blus xouZj tujy dh ifj"kn osQ fo/k;h vkSj dk;Zdkjh dk;ks± dks i`Fkd dj fn;kA 2. blus flfoy lsodksa osQ p;u osQ fy, [kqyh izfr;ksfxrk vkjEHk dhA 3. blus cacbZ vkSj enzkl osQ xouZjksa dks mudh fo/k;h 'kfDr;ksa ls oafpr dj fn;kA mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3

mÙkj (a) dFku 1 lgh gSA blus igyh ckj xouZj tujy dh ifj"kn (Governor General’s council) osQ fo/k;h vkSj dk;Zdkjh dk;ks± dks foHkkftr fd;kA blus ifj"kn esa N% u, lnL;ksa dks lfEefyr djus dk izko/ku iznku fd;k vkSj bu lnL;ksa dks ifj"kn dk fo/ku ik"kZn (legislative councillors to the council) dgk x;kA vU; 'kCnksa esa] blus xouZj tujy dh ,d i`Fkd fo/ku ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk dh ftls Hkkjrh; (osQUnzh;) fo/ku ifj"kn [Indian (Central) Legislative Council] osQ uke ls tkuk tkus yxkA ifj"kn dh bl fo/k;h 'kk[kk us fczfV'k laln osQ leku dk;Zfof/;ksa dks viukdj feuh&laln (mini-Parliament) dh Hkkafr dk;Z fd;kA bl izdkj fof/&fuekZ.k dks igyh ckj fo'ks"k e'khujh vkSj fo'ks"k izfØ;k dh ekax djus okys] ljdkj osQ fo'ks"k dk;Z osQ :i esa O;oâr fd;k x;k FkkA dFku 2 lgh gSA 1853 osQ vf/fu;e us flfoy lsodksa osQ p;u vkSj HkrhZ dh [kqyh izfrLi/kZ dh iz.kkyh dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA bl izdkj izlafonkc¼ flfoy lsok,a Hkkjr osQ yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh [kksy nh x;hA

Hkkjr dk laoS/kkfud fodkl dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA ;g izko/ku 1853 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ varxZr ugha cfYd 1833 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ varxZr FkkA 1833 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e us caxky vkSj enzkl osQ xouZj dks mudh fo/k;h 'kfDr;ksa ls oafpr dj fn;kA Hkkjr osQ xouZj tujy dks laiw.kZ fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ fy, vuU; fo/k;h 'kfDr;k¡ nh xbZ FkhaA

fczfV'k dkyhu Hkkjrh; izns'kksa ,oa fj;klrksa dks lfEefyr dj vf[ky Hkkjrh; la?k gsrq izko/kuA vYila[;dksa osQ fy, lqj{kk mik;ksa ,oa lqj{kk midj.kksa dk foLrkj fd;kA fo"k;ksa dk rhu lwfp;ksa esa foHkktu ,oa lkaiznkf;d vk/kj ij fuokZpd eaMy dks cuk, j[kukA

2- fczfV'k Hkkjr osQ ,d vf/fu;e ls lacf/r fuEufyf[kr izkoèkkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&

3- Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1858 osQ lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,& 1. blus fiV~l bafM;k ,DV] 1784 }kjk izkjEHk Hkkjr esa }S/ 'kklu dh iz.kkyh lekIr dj nhA 2. blus Hkkjr osQ xouZj tujy dk inuke ifjofrZr djosQ Hkkjr dk ok;ljk; dj fn;kA 3. blus Hkkjr osQ fy, jkT; lfpo dk u;k in l`ftr fd;k tks fczfV'k eaf=keaMy dk lnL; gksrk FkkA mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3



1.

blus ,d vf[ky Hkkjrh; ifjla?k dk izko/ku fd;k Fkk ftlesa izkar vkSj fj;klrsa lfEefyr gksrhA

2.

blus izkarksa esa }S/ 'kklu O;oLFkk dks lekIr dj fn;k vkSj izkarh; Lok;Ùkrk izkjaHk dhA

3.

blus Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1858 }kjk LFkkfir Hkkjr ifj"kn (Council of India) dks Hkax dj fn;kA

mi;qZDr izko/ku fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl vf/fu;e ls lacaf/r gS\

(a) Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1909



(b) Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1919



(c) Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1935



(d) Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vf/fu;e] 1861

mÙkj (c) Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1935 dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ bl izdkj Fkh% izkarh; }S/ 'kklu dh lekfIr ,oa osQUnz esa }S/ 'kklu dk vkjEHkA Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1858 }kjk LFkkfir Hkkjr ifj"kn (Council of India) dks lekIr dj fn;kA jkT; lfpo (secretary of State) dks lykgdkjksa dh Vhe iznku dh xbZA





mÙkj (d) dFku 1 lgh gSA fu;a=k.k eaMy

(Board of Control) ,oa funs'kd eaMy (Court

of Directors) dks lekIr djosQ bl vf/fu;e

us }S/ 'kklu dh iz.kkyh dks lekIr dj fn;kA dFku 2 lgh gSA bl vf/fu;e ds }kjk Hkkjr ds xouZj tujy dk inuke ifjofrZr djds Hkkjr dk ok;ljk; dgk tkus yxkA ykWMZ oSQfuax Hkkjr ds izFke ok;ljk; FksA dFku 3 lgh gSA bl vf/fu;e us Hkkjr osQ jkT; lfpo (Sectrtary of State for India) dk u;k in cuk;k] ftlesa Hkkjrh;

2

iz'kklu ij iw.kZ vf/dkj vkSj fu;a=k.k fufgr FkkA Hkkjr dk jkT; lfpo (Sectary of State for India) fczfV'k oSQfcusV dk lnL; Fkk vkSj varr% fczfV'k laln osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h FkkA 4- 1833 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\ 1. bl vf/fu;e us bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh dh okf.kfT;d xfrfof/ lekIr dj nh vkSj mls egt iz'kklfud fudk; cuk fn;kA 2. blus caxky osQ xouZj tujy dks Hkkjr dk xouZj tujy cuk fn;k vkSj mlesa lHkh ukxfjd (vlSU;) vkSj lSU; 'kfDr;ka fufgr dj nhaA uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& (a) osQoy 1 (b) osQoy 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1] u gh 2 mÙkj (c) dFku 1 lgh gSA bl vf/fu;e us O;kolkf;d fudk; osQ :i esa bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh dh xfrfof/;ksa dks lekIr dj fn;k] vc ;g fo'kq¼ :i ls iz'kklfud fudk; cu x;hA blus izko/ku fufeZr fd;k fd Hkkjr esa oaQiuh osQ {ks=kksa dks dEiuh ^viuh egkjkuh] mlosQ okfjl vkSj mÙkjkf/dkfj;ksa osQ fo'okl osQ vk/kj ij izfr/kfjr djrh gSA dFku 2 lgh gSA bu vf/fu;e us caxky osQ xouZj tujy dks Hkkjr dk xouZj tujy cuk;k ,oa lHkh ukxfjd vkSj lSU; 'kfDr;ksa dks mlesa fufgr fd;kA bl izdkj] bl vf/fu;e us igyh ckj Hkkjr dh ljdkj dk xBu fd;k ftldk Hkkjr esa vaxzstksa osQ vfèkdkj osQ laiw.kZ izknsf'kd {ks=k ij izkf/dkj FkkA ykWMZ fofy;e csafVd Hkkjr osQ izFke xouZj tujy FksA 5- 1861 osQ Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vf/fu;e osQ lanHkZ esa uhps fn;k x;k dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugha gS\ (a) blus caxky vkSj iatkc osQ fy, u, fo/ku ifj"knksa dh LFkkiuk dk izko/ku fd;kA (b) blus fo/ku ifj"kn dh lgefr osQ fcuk ok;ljk; dks vè;kns'k tkjh djus dk vf/dkj fn;kA

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk



(c) blus izko/ku fd;k fd ok;ljk;

viuh fo/ku ifj"kn esa Hkkjrh;ksa dks euksuhr dj ldrk gSA (d) blus osQUnzh; yksd lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, izko/ku fd;kA

mÙkj (d) 1861 osQ vf/fu;e dh fo'ks"krk,a% blus Hkkjrh;ksa dks dkuwu cukus dh izfØ;k osQ lkFk lac¼ djosQ izfrfuf/ laLFkkvksa dks vkjEHk fd;kA bl izdkj blus izko/ku fufeZr fd;k fd ok;ljk; viuh foLrkfjr ifj"kn osQ xSj&ljdkjh lnL;ksa osQ :i esa oqQN Hkkjrh;ksa dks euksuhr dj ldrk gSA (mnkgj.k ds fy, 1862 esa] rRdkyhu ok;ljkW; ykWMZ oSQfuax us viuh fo/k;h ifj"kn esa rhu Hkkjrh;ksa (cukjl osQ jktk] ifV;kyk osQ egkjktk ,oa lj fnudj jko) dks euksuhr fd;kA blus cEcbZ ,oa enzkl izslhMsafl;ksa esa foèkk;h 'kfDr;ksa dks iquLFkkZfir dj foosQUnzhdj.k dh izfØ;k vkjEHk dhA bl izdkj] blus 1773 osQ fofu;eu vf/fu;e ls vkjEHk gqbZ vkSj 1833 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ varxZr vius f'k[kj ij igqaph osQUnzhdj.k dh izo`fÙk dks myV fn;kA fo/k;h voØe.k dh bl uhfr osQ ifj.kkeLo:i izkarksa dks 1937 esa yxHkx iw.kZ vkarfjd Lok;Ùkrk dk vuqnku izkIr gqvkA blus caxky] mÙkj&if'peh lhekr izkar (NWFP) vkSj iatkc osQ fy, ubZ fo/ku ifj"knksa dh LFkkiuk dk izko/ku Hkh fd;kA blus ifj"kn esa dkedkt dks vf/d lqfoèkktud cukus osQ fy, ok;ljk; dks fu;e cukus ,oa vkns'k tkjh djus dk vf/dkj iznku fd;kA blus ykWMZ oSQfuax }kjk 1859 esa vkjEHk dh x;h ^iksVZiQksfy;k* iz.kkyh dks Hkh ekU;rk iznku dhA blosQ varxZr ok;ljk; dh ifj"kn osQ ,d lnL; dks ljdkj osQ ,d ;k ,d ls vf/d foHkkxksa dk izHkkjh cuk;k x;k Fkk ,oa mls foHkkx@foHkkxksa dh vksj ls vafre vkns'k tkjh djus osQ fy, izkf/Ñr fd;k x;k FkkA blus ok;ljk; dks vkikr fLFkfr osQ nkSjku fo/ku ifj"kn dh lgefr osQ fcuk vè;kns'kksa dks tkjh djus dk vf/dkj fn;kA bl izdkj osQ vè;kns'k dh lek;kof/ N% eghus FkhA Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1919 us yksd lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dk izko/ku fd;kA vkxs] 1926 esa flfoy lsodksa dh HkrhZ osQ fy, osQUnzh; yksd lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA

6- 1909 osQ Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vf/fu;e osQ lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,& 1. blus Hkkjr es a lkEiznkf;d izfrfuf/Ro dh iz.kkyh izkjaHk dhA 2. blus ns'k esa f}lnukRed foèkku eaMy vkSj izR;{k pqukoksa dk 'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA 3. blus igyh ckj fo/k;h ifj"knksa dks ctV ij ppkZ djus dh 'kfDr iznku dhA mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 mÙkj (a) dFku 1 lgh gSA ^i`Fkd fuokZpdeaMy* dh vo/kj.kk Lohdkj dj bl vf/fu;e }kjk eqlyekuksa osQ fy, lkaiznkf;d izfrfufèkRo dh iz.kkyh vkjaHk dh xbZA blosQ varxZr] eqfLye lnL; osQoy eqfLye ernkrkvksa }kjk fuokZfpr gksus FksA bl izdkj] bl vf/fu;e us laiznk;okn dks dkuwuh :i fn;k vkSj ykWMZ feaVks dks lkaiznkf;d fuokZpu e.My osQ firk osQ :i esa tkuk tkus yxkA dFku 2 xyr gSA f}lnukRedrk vkSj izR;{k pquko dk 'kqHkkjaHk 1919 osQ vf/fu;e }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA dFku 3 xyr gSA ctV ij ppkZ djus dh 'kfDr igys gh 1892 osQ vf/fu;e esa Lohdkj dj yh xbZ FkhA 7- 1773 osQ jsX;qysfVax ,DV osQ lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,& 1. cacbZ vkSj enzkl izslhMsalh osQ xouZj] caxky osQ xouZj tujy osQ v/hu dj fn, x,A 2. blesa dydÙkk esa lqizhe dksVZ dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, izko/ku fd;k x;k FkkA 3. bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh osQ lsodksa dks futh O;kikj djus dh vuqefr nh xbZA mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 mÙkj (a) dFku 1 lgh gSA blus caxky osQ xouZj dk inuke ^caxky dk xouZj tujy*

3

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk dj fn;k vkSj mldh lgk;rk djus osQ fy, pkj lnL;ksa dh dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn dk l`tu fd;kA mYys[kuh; gS fd ,slk igyk xouZj tujy ykWMZ okjsu gsfLaVXl FkkA igys dh ,d nwljs ls Lora=k rhuksa izslhMsafl;ksa osQ foijhr] blus cacbZ vkSj enzkl izslhMsalh osQ xoZujksa dks caxky osQ xouZj tujy osQ v/hu dj fn;kA dFku 2 lgh gS] blesa dydÙkk esa lqizhe dksVZ dh LFkkiuk (1774) dk izko/ku fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa ,d eq[; U;k;/h'k vkSj rhu vU; U;k;/h'k gksrs FksA dFku 3 lgh ugha gS] blus oaQiuh osQ lsodksa osQ fy, fdlh Hkh futh O;kikj esa layXu gksuk ;k ^ewy fuokfl;ksa* ls migkj ;k fj'or Lohdkj djuk fuf"k¼ dj fn;kA 8- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlosQ varxZr izFke fof/ vk;ksx LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk\ (a) 1833 dk pkVZj ,DV (b) Hkkjr 'kklu vf/fu;e] 1858 (c) Hkkjrh; ifj"kn vf/fu;e] 1861 (d) 1853 dk pkVZj ,DV mÙkj (a) bl izdkj dk izFke vk;ksx ykWMZ eSdkys dh vè;{krk esa 1833 osQ pkVZj vf/fu;e osQ ekè;e ls 1834 essa LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk ftlus naM lafgrk] vkijkf/d izfØ;k lafgrk] osQ lafgrkdj.k ,oa oqQN vU; ekeyksa dh laLrqfr dhA 9- fuEu esa ls fdls] ok;ljk; dh dk;Zikfydk ifj"kn~ dk izFke Hkkjrh; lnL; cuk;k x;k& (a) lR;sUnz HkkbZ iVsy (b) foB~By HkkbZ iVsy (c) fprjatu nkl (d) lR;sUnz izlkn flUgk mÙkj (d) 1909 ds vf/fu;e ds varxZr igyh ckj fdlh Hkkjrh; dks ok;ljk; vkSj xouZj dh dk;Zifj"kn~ ds lkFk ,'kksfl,'ku cukus dk izko/ku fd;k x;kA lR;sUnz izlkn flUgk ok;ljk; dh dk;Zifydk ifj"kn~ ds izFke Hkkjrh; lnL; cusA mUgsa fof/ lnL; cuk;k x;kA 10- Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vf/fu;e] 1947 ykxw gksus osQ ckn ns'k esa D;k ifjorZu gq,\ 1. Hkkjr osQ xouZj tujy dks lao/ S kfud izeq[k osQ :i esa dk;Z djuk FkkA 2. lafo/ku lHkk dks fuokZpd vkSj fo/k;h 'kfDr;ka iznku dh xbZ FkhaA



3.

fczfV'k Økmu vc izkf/dkj dk Ïksr ugha jgkA uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& (a) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (b) osQoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) osQoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) osQoy 2

mÙkj (a) Hkkjrh; Lora=kk vf/fu;e] 1947% bl vf/fu;e osQ }kjk 15 vxLr] 1947 ls Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu dk lekiu dj fn;k x;k vkSj Hkkjr dks Lora=k ,oa laizHkq jkT; ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA blfy,] dFku 3 lgh gSA bl vf/fu;e esa Hkkjr osQ foHkktu vkSj fczfV'k jk"VªeaMy ls vyx gksus osQ vf/dkj osQ lkFk nks Lora=k vf/jkT;ksa (Mksfefu;u)] Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku osQ l`tu dk izko/ku fd;k x;kA bl vf/fu;e us ok;ljk; dk in lekIr dj fn;k vkSj izR;sd Mksfefu;u osQ fy,] ,d xouZj&tujy dk izko/ku fd;k] ftls Mksfefu;u dh eaf=keaMy dh lykg ij fczfV'k jktk }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tkuk FkkA fczVz us dh egkefge dh ljdkj dk Hkkjr ;k ikfdLrku dh ljdkj osQ lac/ a esa dksbZ mÙkjnkf;Ro ugha gksuk FkkA bl vf/fu;e us] nksuksa Mksfefu;u dh lafoèkku lHkkvksa dks vius lacaf/r jk"Vªksa osQ fy, dksbZ Hkh lafo/ku fuekZ.k ,oa Lora=krk vfèkfu;e lfgr fczfV'k laln osQ fdlh Hkh vf/fu;e dks fujLr djus dk vf/dkj fn;kA bl vf/fu;e us nksuksa Mkseksfu;u dh lafoèkku lHkkvksa dks u, lafo/ku dk izk:i rS;kj vkSj izofrZr djus rd vius lacaf/r {ks=kksa osQ fy, dkuwu cukus dk vf/dkj iznku fd;kA 15 vxLr] 1947 osQ ckn fczfV'k laln }kjk ikfjr dksbZ Hkh vf/fu;e rc rd nksuksa u, vf/jkT;ksa rd foLrkfjr ugha gksuk Fkk tc rd fd vf/jkt dh fo/kf;dk osQ dkuwu }kjk mldk foLrkj ugha fd;k tkrkA blfy,] dFku 2 lgh gSA bl vf/fu;e us Hkkjr osQ xouZj&tujy vkSj izkarh; xouZjksa dks jkT;ksa dk laoS/kfud (ukeek=k) izeq[k fufer fd;kA mUgsa lHkh izdj.kksa esa lacaf/r eaf=kifj"kn dh lykg osQ vuqlkj dk;Z djuk FkkA blfy,] dFku 1 lgh gSA

bl vf/fu;e us bXySaM osQ jktk dh jktlh info;ksa esa ls Hkkjr osQ lezkV dh inoh lekIr dj nhA 11- Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e] 1935 osQ laca/ esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls dFku lgh ugha gS\ (a) blesa efgykvksa osQ fy, i`Fkd fuokZpd eaMy iznku fd;k x;kA (b) blesa la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dk izko/ku fd;k x;k FkkA (c) blesa la?kh; U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk dk izko/ku fd;k x;kA (d) blesa lHkh izkarksa esa f}lnuh; i¼fr dks lekIr dj fn;k x;kA mÙkj (d) Hkkjr ljdkj vf/fu;e 1935% blus nfyr oxks± (vuqlwfpr tkfr)] efgyk o Jfed (dkexkjksa) osQ fy, i`Fkd fuokZpd eaMyksa dk izko/ku dj iwoZ ds lkEiznkf;d izfrfuf/Ro osQ fl¼kar dks vkxs cyd FkhA dFku 1 lgh gSA blesa izko/ku Fkk fd Hkkjr osQ lHkh yksxksa osQ fy, fopkj] vfHkO;fDr] fo'okl dh Lora=krk dh xkjaVh nh tk,xh vkSj j{kk dh tk,xhA dFku 2 lgh gSA blesa izko/ku Fkk] fd vYila[;dksa] fiNM+s vkSj tutkrh; {ks=kksa] nfyr o vU; fiNM+s oxks± osQ fy, i;kZIr j{kksik; iznku fd, tk,¡xs dFku 3 lgh gSA blesa izko/ku Fkk fd ^;g izkphu Hkwfe fo'o esa viuk lgh vkSj lEekfur LFkku izkIr djsxh vkSj fo'o 'kkafr rFkk ekuork osQ dY;k.k osQ lao/Zu esa viuk iw.kZ vkSj lg"kZ ;ksxnku nsxhA*

8- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lafo/ku lHkk dk@osQ lnL; ugha Fkk@Fks\ 1. egkRek xka/h 2. ,e- ,- ftUuk 3. ,p- lh- eq[kthZ uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& (a) osQoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 mÙkj (c) egkRek xk¡/h vkSj ,e- ,- ftUuk lafo/ku lHkk ds lnL; ugha FksA lHkk osQ vè;{k &MkW- jktsUnz izlkn mikè;{k & ,p- lh- eq[kthZ laoS/kfud ijke'kZnkrk & ch- ,u- jko 9- lwphµI (Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds en) dks lwphµII (ftl ns'k ls viuk;k x;k) ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft, vkSj lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn, x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,µ lwph I lwph II (Hkkjrh; lafo/ku (ftl ns'k ls ds en) viuk;k x;k) A. jkT; ds uhfr& 1. vkWLVªfs y;k funs'Z kd fl¼kar B. ewy&vf/dkj 2. dukMk C. la?k&jkT; 3. vk;jyS.M lEcU/ks a dh leorhZ lwph D. Hkkjr jkT;ks a dk 4. ;wukbVsM la?k gS rFkk fdaxMe la?k es a vf/d 'kfDr fufgr gS 5- la;Dq r jkT; vesfjdk owQV% A (a) 5

B 4

C 1

D 2

(b) 3 (c) 5

5 4

2 2

1 1

(d) 3

5

1

2

mÙkj (d) (Hkkjrh; lafo/ku (ftl ns'k ls viuk;k ds en)

x;k)

8

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk

jkT; ds uhfr&funsZ'kd & vk;jyS.M fl¼kar ewy vf/dkj

& la;Dq r jkT; vesfjdk

la?k jkT; lEcU/ksa dh & vkWLVªsfy;k leorhZ lwph Hkkjr jkT;ksa dk la?k gS & dukMk

rFkk la?k esa vf/d 'kfDr fufgr gSA 10- lafo/ku lHkk dh izk:i lfefr osQ vè;{k dkSu Fks\ (a) osQ-,e- eqa'kh (b) Mh- ih- [ksrku



(c) MkW- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj (d) Vh- Vh- Ñ".kekpk;Z

mÙkj (c) 29 vxLr] 1947 dks lafo/ku lHkk us lafo/ku dk izk:i rS;kj djus osQ fy, 7 lnL;h; izk:i lfefr dk xBu fd;k ftlosQ vè;{k MkW- Hkhe jko vEcsMdj FksA qqq

Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk

3

lafo/kku esa vuqPNsn@ vuqlwph@lafo/kku la'kks/ku

1- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku dh fuEu nh xbZ vuqlwfp;ksa esa ls dkSu lh ,d jkT; ds ukeksa dh lwph rFkk mlds jkT; {ks=kksa dk C;ksjk nsrh gSA (a) igyh (b) nwljh (c) rhljh (d) pkSFkh mÙkj (a) igyh vuqlwph&jkT; ,oa la?k jkT; {ks=kksa ds ckjs esa mica/A nwljh vuqlwph&laoS/kfud izkf/dkfj;ksa ds osru ds ckjs esa mica/A rhljh vuqlwph&'kiFk dk izk:iA pkSFkh vuqlwph&jkT; lHkk esa LFkkuksa dk vkoaVu 2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ls 73osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e osQ fufgrkFkZ Fkk@Fks \ 1. jkT;ksa osQ fy, iapk;rksa dk xBu djuk vfuok;Z gks x;kA 2. iapk;rksa osQ fy, lHkh Lrjksa ij ikap o"kZ dh vof/ dk fu/kZj.k vfuok;Z fd;k x;k FkkA uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& (a) osQoy 1 (b) osQoy 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1] u gh 2 mÙkj (c) dFku 1 lgh gSA vf/fu;e osQ izkoèkkuksa osQ vuqlkj jkT; ljdkjksa ij ubZ iapk;rh jkt iz.kkyh dks vaxhdkj djus dh laoS/kfud ckè;rk,¡ gSA dFku 2 lgh gSA iapk;rksa osQ fy, lHkh Lrjksa ij ikap o"kZ dk dk;Zdky fu;r djuk ,d vfuok;Z izko/ku gSA 3- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdUgsa 73osa vkSj 74osa laoS/kfud la'kks/u vf/fu;eksa osQ vuqikyu esa xfBr fd;k x;k gS\

jkT; foÙk vk;ksx 2. jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx 3. ftyk fu;kstu lfefr;k¡ uhps fn, x, owQV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu,& (a) osQoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) osQoy 1 vkSj 3 (c) osQoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1] 2 vkSj 3 1.



mÙkj (d) jkT; dk jkT;iky] izR;sd ikap o"kks± osQ ckn iapk;r dh foÙkh; fLFkfr dh leh{kk djus osQ fy, ,d foÙk vk;ksx dk xBu djsxkA iapk;r gsrq fuokZpd ukekofy;ksa osQ fuekZ.k vkSj lHkh pqukoksa osQ v/h{k.k] fn'kkfunsZ'ku vkSj fu;a=k.k jkT; fuokZpu vk;ksx esa fufgr gksaxsA blesa jkT;iky }kjk fu;qDr fd;k tkus okyk ,d jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr lfEefyr gksrk gSA mldh lsok dh 'krs± vkSj in dk dk;Zdky Hkh jkT;iky }kjk fu/kZfjr fd, tk,axsA izR;sd jkT;] ftys esa iapk;rksa vkSj uxjikfydkvksa }kjk fufeZr dh xbZ ;kstukvksa osQ lesdu gsrq ftyk Lrj ij ,d ftyk ;kstuk lfefr dk xBu djsxkA 4- feyku djsa& I. la?kh; lwph a. 100 izo`f"V;ka II. jkT; lwph b. 61 izo`f"V;ka I. leorhZ lwph c. 52 izo`f"V;ka II III I (a) a b c (b) a c b (c) c a b (d) c b a mÙkj

(b) orZeku esa] lgh lwesyu gS&

la?kh; lwph & 100 izfof"V;ka jkT; lwph & 61 izfof"V;ka leorhZ lwph & 52 izfof"V;ka



5- lafo/ku osQ 73osa la'kks/u vf/fu;e osQ lanHkZ esa] ,d xzke lHkk fuEufyf[kr dk lekos'k djus okyh fudk; gksrh gS& (a) iapk;r osQ varxZr vkus okys xzkeksa dh lEiw.kZ o;Ld tula[;kA (b) iapk;r osQ varxZr vkus okys xzkeksa dh ikap o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa dks NksM+ dj 'ks"k tula[;kA (c) iapk;r osQ varxZr vkus okys xzkeksa osQ iathÑr ernkrkA (d) mi;qZDr esa ls dksbZ ughaA

mÙkj (c) 73ok¡ la'kks/u vf/fu;e] iapk;rh jkt dh vk/kjf'kyk osQ :i esa ,d xzke lHkk dk izko/ku djrk gSA ;g xzke Lrj ij iapk;r osQ {ks=k osQ Hkhrj lekfgr xzke dh fuokZpd ukekoyh esa iathÑr O;fDr;ksa dk ,d fudk; gksrh gSA bl izdkj ;g iapk;r {ks=k esa lHkh iathÑr ernkrkvksa ls cuh ,d xzke lHkk gksrh gSA ;g jkT; dh foèkkf;dk }kjk fuèkkZfjr 'kfDr;ksa rFkk dk;ks± dk iz;ksx rFkk fu"iknu dj ldrh gSA 6- Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ vuqPNsn&352 osQ varxZr jk"Vªh; vkikr osQ lUnHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj djsa& 1. 44osa la'kks/u vf/fu;e esa jk"Vªh; vkikr dh ?kks"k.kk osQ dkj.kkssa esa ls ,d osQ :i eas ^l'kL=k fonzksg* uked 'kCnkoyh dks ^vkarfjd v'kkafr* ls izfrLFkkfir dj fn;k x;kA 2. 44osa la'kks/u vf/fu;e osQ iwoZ] bl ?kks"k.kk dks osQoy lkekU; cgqer ls ikfjr fd, tkus dh vko';drk FkhA 3. 42osa la'kks/u vf/fu;e us jk"Vªh; vkikr dks lekIr djus osQ fy, jkT; lHkk dks fo'ks"k vf/dkj iznku fd,A

10



Hkkjrh; jktO;oLFkk mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) osQoy 2 (c) osQoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) osQoy 2 vkSj 3

mÙkj (b) dFku 1 vlR; gSaA 44osa la'kks/u vfèkfu;e esa ^vkarfjd v'kkafr* uked 'kCn dks ^l'kL=k fonzksg* uked 'kCn ls izfrLFkkfir fd;k x;kA dFku 2 lR; gSA 44osa lafo/ku la'kks/u }kjk ,sls izLrkoksa dks ikfjr djus osQ fy, ^lkekU; cgqer* osQ izko/ku dk la'kks/u dj bls ^fof'k"V cgqer* es a ifjofrZr dj fn;k x;kA dFku 3 vlR; gSA 44osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e esa vkikrdky dh lekfIr osQ fy, dk;Zokgh vkjEHk djus osQ fy, yksd lHkk dks fof'k"V vf/dkj iznku fd, x,A 7- lafo/ku lHkk osQ lanHkZ esa] fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, % 1. igyh ckj lafo/ku lHkk dk fopkj ,e-,u- jkW; }kjk lkeus j[kk x;k FkkA 2. oSQfcusV fe'ku }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ;kstuk osQ rgr lafo/ku lHkk dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\ (a) osQoy 1 (b) osQoy 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1] u gh 2 mÙkj (c) dFku 1 lgh gSA o"kZ 1934 esa] Hkkjr esa lkE;oknh vkanksyu osQ vxznwr ,oa dV~VjiaFkh yksdra=kokn osQ leFkZd ,e- ,u- jkW; }kjk Hkkjr gsrq lafo/ku lHkk osQ fopkj dks izLrqr fd;k x;k FkkA 1935 esa] Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl (INC) us igyh ckj Hkkjr osQ lafo/ku dk xBu djus gsrq vkf/dkfjd rkSj ij ,d lafo/ku lHkk dh ekax dhA dFku 2 lgh gSA lafo/ku lHkk dk xBu uoEcj] 1946 esa oSQfcusV fe'ku ;kstuk }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ Ldhe osQ varxZr fd;k x;k FkkA 8- 42osa lafo/ku la'kks/u vf/fu;e }kjk lafo/ku esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk@ ls funs'kd izfo"V fd;k@fd, x;k@x, Fkk@Fks\



1.

leku U;k; dks c