The Gen X Series

CYBER OLYMPIAD Useful for Cyber Olympiads Conducted

at School, National & International Levels Author

Shraddha Singh Peer Reviewer

Navneet Mehra

[M.Sc. (IT), B.Tech. (CSE), B.Sc. (IT)]

Strictly According to the Latest Syllabus of Cyber Olympiad

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Published by:

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DISCLAIMER While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher makes no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided. All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only, without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book, by way of citation or as a source of additional information, doesn’t imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book. Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher. It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The buyer of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement/transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.

Publisher’s Note The current decade has firmly established V&S Publishers as one of the Leading Publishers of General Trade Mass Appeal Books across popular genres along with Academic Books for school children. Having been in publishing trade for over 40 years we understand the need of the hour when it comes to Books. After successfully publishing over 600 titles in a rather short time span of 5 years and establishing a pan India network of booksellers & distributors including ecommerce platforms viz – Amazon, Flipkart etc; an extensive market research lead us to publishing our Bestselling Series ever – OLYMPIAD BOOKS. The Olympiad Series launched 4 years back under our GEN X SERIES Imprint gained widespread popularity amongst students and teachers immediately owing to its rich, high quality content and unique presentation. Published for Classes 1-10 across subjects English, Maths, Science & Computers, these books are holistic in nature and unlike run of the mill workbooks in the market, which are mere replicas of one another, these books deal with the content in a much comprehensive manner. Recourse to the ‘Principles of Applied Psychology of Student Learning’ has been utilised to upgrade levels of conceptual understanding in all designated subjects among class 1 to 10 students. Encouraged by this huge acceptability of our Olympiad Series among parents and students and after revolutionising the way Olympiad books were written and published, we at V&S Publishers decided to take this to the next level. We present to you Brand New Edition of our book – CYBER OLYMPIAD CLASS 6. Each book originally written by Subject Matter Expert, is now further Peer Reviewed by top School Teachers and HODs to eliminate the slightest of errors that were present earlier. Furthermore to ensure authenticity and accuracy of content the book is now completely revised and reformatted as per the guidelines of the examining body. The New and Revised Olympiad Book is now suited to Olympiad examinations conducted at School Level, National Level or International Level by any and all organisations/companies. The New Edition of this Cyber Olympiad Class 6 is written in a Guide like pattern with images and illustrations at every step & is divided into different sections. Each chapter comes with Basic Theory and Solved Examples. Multiple Choice Questions with their Answer Keys and Solutions are liberally included. Amalgamation of Technology with Content has always been at the forefront for V&S Publishers and our new Student Portal for Olympiad Practice–www.vsexamprep.com is further testimony to that. We recommend students logging in and using it to their benefit. While every care has been taken to ensure correctness of content, if you come across any omission or mistake please notify us for immediate rectification in subsequent edition. P.S. While every care has been taken to ensure correctness of content, if you come across any error, howsoever minor, anywhere in the book, do not hesitate to discuss with your teachers while pointing that out to us in no uncertain terms. We wish you All The Best!

Contents SECTION 1: COMPUTERS AND IT 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Evolution of Computer Fundamentals of Computer MS Windows 7 MS Word 2010 MS PowerPoint 2010 Introduction to QBASIC Internet and E-mail Latest Developments in IT

9 15 20 25 30 34 37 43

SECTION 2: LOGICAL REASONING 1 Analogy 2 Odd One Out 3 Alphabet Test 4 Blood Relation Test 5 Direction Sense Test 6 Seating Arrangment 7 Syllogism and Venn Diagram 8 Mirror Images and Water Images 9 Embedded Figures 10 Figure Matrix

48 50 52 54 59 63 68 77 81 85

SECTION 3: ACHIEVERS’ SECTION Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) 

92

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

95

MODEL TEST PAPERS – 1

97

MODEL TEST PAPERS – 2

102

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

107

SECTION 1

COMPUTERS AND IT

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Evolution of Computer Chapter Outline: ˆˆ Key Points ˆˆ Multiple Choice Questions

Let’s have a look at the journey of a computer from a mechanical abacus to present day ultra fast computer.

The First Computer

Around 3000 B.C., the Mesopotamians invented the earliest form of bead-and-wire counting machine known as the Abacus. The Chinese improved the Abacus to do faster calculations.

Napier ‘Logs’ & ‘Bones’

John Napier (1550–1617) developed the idea of logarithms. He used logs to transform multiplication problems to addition problems.

Pascal’s Adding Machine

In 1662 Blaise Pascal, a French Mathematician, invented a machine which was made up of gears and was used for adding numbers quickly. This machine was known as Adding Machine or Pascaline that could add and subtract.

Leibnitz Calculator

Gottfried Leibnitz a German Mathematician improved the adding machine and constructed a new machine in 1671. This machine was able to perform multiplication and division as well. The new machine performed multiplication through repeated addition of numbers. Leibnitz’s machine used stepped cylinder each with nine teeth of varying lengths instead of wheels as was used by Pascal.

Jacquard’s Loom

Joseph Jacquard manufactured punched cards at the end of the American Revolution and used them to control looms in 1801. Thus, the entire control weaving process was automated. Evolution of Computer

Babbage’s Difference Engine

Charles Babbage, a professor of mathematics, developed a machine called difference engine in the year 1882. The difference engine could calculate various mathematical functions.

Babbage’s Analytical Engine

In 1833, Charles Babbage started designing an analytical engine which was a real ancestor of modern computer. The Analytical Engine was capable of performing all four arithmetic operations as well as comparison.

Hollerith’s Machine

In 1887, an American named Herman Hollerith fabricated what was dreamt of by Charles Babbage. He developed the first electro-mechanical punchedcard tabulator that used punched-cards for input, output and instructions.

Mark-I

In 1943 professor Howard Aiken from U.S. constructed an electromechanical computer named “MARK-I” which could multiply two 10 digit numbers in 5 seconds which was a record at that time. MARK-I was the first machine which could perform according to pre-programmed instructions automatically without any manual interface. This was the first operational general purpose computer.

Modern Computers

First Generation Computers

The first generation computers used vacuum tubes and machine language was used for giving instructions. The first generation computers used the concept of ‘stored program’. Those computers

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were very large in size and their programming was a difficult task. Some examples are following:

IBM 7094

ENIAC

This was the first electronic computer developed in 1946 by a team lead by Professor Eckert and Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania in U.S.A. This computer was called Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), which used high speed vacuum tube switching devices.

It is a small-medium sized computer. RCA 501

EDVAC

The binary arithmetic was used in designing the computer called the Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC), in 1950. With this computer the operation became faster since the computer could rapidly access both program and data.

EDSAC

It is a medium-sized computer that uses magnetic tapes to store data. UNIVAC 1108

The EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) was built by Professor M.V. Wilkes at Cambridge University in 1949, which used mercury delayed lines for storage. This allowed easy implementation of program loops.

UNIVAC-I

The commercial production of stored program electronic computer began in the early 50’s. The UNIVAC-I computer was built by UNIVAC division of Remington Rand in 1951. This computer also used vacuum tubes. UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computers.

The Second Generation Computers

The revolution in electronics took place with the invention of ‘Transistors’ made by Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley in 1946. Transistors were highly reliable as compared to tubes. They occupied very less space and required only 1/10th of the power required by the tubes and they were 10 times cheaper than the tubes.

Second Generation Computers IBM 1401

It is a large-sized computer which occupies a large room, it was the fastest at that time. This computer uses a CRT screen for display and magnetic tape to store programs.

Third Generation Computers

The third generation computer replaces transistors with integrated circuits popularly known as “Chips”. The Integrated Circuit or IC was invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments in 1958. An IC is a wafer of thin slice of extremely purified silicon crystals. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry encapsulated in a small capsule with many leads. Examples of some mainframe computers developed during this generation are: IBM 360 series, IBM 370/168, ICL 1900 series, ICL 2900, Honeywell Model 316, Honeywell 6000 series.

Fourth Generation Computers

The advent of microprocessor chip marked the beginning of the fourth generation computers. Medium Scale Integrated (MSI) circuits yielded to large and vary large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) packing about 50000 transistors in a chip.

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National Cyber Olympiad – 6

Semiconductor memories replaced magnetic core memories. The emergence of the Microprocessor (CPU on a single chip) led to the emergence of an extremely powerful personal computer. The cost of manufacturing a computer is decreasing rapidly. The faster accessing and processing speed and increased memory capacity helped in the development of much more powerful operating systems. World’s First Portable Computer by IBM (The IBM 5100, (September 1975)

Evolution of Computer

Fifth Generation Computers

The fifth generation computing devices are based on artificial intelligence and are still in development, though there are features like voice recognition, face recognition, fingerprint recognition, gesture recognition, etc. that are being used today. Applications like 6th sense technology are still in development. Every gadget you see today is a 5th generation computer i.e. laptops, mobile phones, tablets, videogame consoles, smart watches, digital cameras and even some high-tech pens.

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Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following was the 1st calculating device? (a) Napier Bones (b) Abacus (c) Jacquard Loom (d) Pascaline 2. Identify the device shown in the picture.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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(a) Analytic Engine (b) Jacquard Loom (c) Pascaline (d) Napier Bones Which one of the following technologies associates itself with the Fourth Generation Computers? (a) Artificial Intelligence (b) VLSI (c) Integrated Circuits (d) VALVE LOGO was developed and promoted by ______ as a programming language for young students. (a) John Mauchly (b) Ada Lovelace (c) Seymour (d) Bill Gates IBM-704 is associated with which era of computer hierarchy? (a) First Generation (b) Second Generation (c) Third Generation (d) Fourth Generation Apple computers were first developed in the 1970s. Who invented the first Apple computers? (a) Steve Jobs and Bill Gates (b) John von Neumann and Steve Wozniak (c) Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak (d) Steve Woznaik and Larry Page

7. The type of computer shown in the figure is ______.

8.

9.

10.

11.

(a) Analog computer (b) Digital computer (c) Hybrid computer (d) Calculating computer Analog and digital signals are processed by which of the following computers? (a) Analog Computer (b) Digital Computer (c) Pascaline (d) Hybrid Computer Identify the following: ™™ It was a software program. ™™ This program was developed in 1993. ™™ It was an advance in software development. ™™ It was a navigation tool for interactive material. (a) Mosaic (b) Internet explorer (c) Safari (d) DOS ______ were used in second generation computers. (a) Transistors (b) Integrated circuits (c) Vacuum tubes (d) Microprocessors ______ is an example of second generation computers. (a) Microcomputers (b) EDVAC (c) Mark 1 (d) IBM 1401

National Cyber Olympiad – 6

(a) Integrated Circuits (b) Silicon Chips (c) Transistors (d) Vacuum Tubes 14. Identify the components shown in the picture.

(a) Integrated Circuits (b) Silicon Chips (c) Transistors (d) Vacuum Tubes 15. Which was the electronic general purpose computer in the world? (a) UNIVAC (b) EDVAC (c) PDP-11 (d) ERA 1101 or UNIVAC 1 16. Which of the following was the first commercially produced computer? (a) EDSAC (b) ENIAC (c) PDP (d) ERA1101 or UNIVAC 1 17. Launched in ______, ______ was the world’s first minicomputer. (a) 1958, PDP-1 (b) 1960, IBM System/36 (c) 1961, PDP-11 (d) 1962, VAX 11/780 Evolution of Computer

18. Match the following.

(a)

(ii) Napier’s Bones

(b)

(iii) Pascaline

(c)

(iv) ENIAC

(d)



(i) Difference Engine



Column - II



Column - I



12. In which years were the second generation computers predominantly found? (a) 1980’s to present (b) 1960’s to 1970’s (c) 1940’s to 1950’s (d) 1950’s to 1960’s 13. Identify the vital component of the first generation computers shown below.

(a) (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a) (b) (i)-(a), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(d) (c) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(a) (d) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b) 19. Match the following. Column - I Column - II (i) 1st Generation (a) Vacuum Tubes Computing Device (ii) 1st Generation (b) ICs Computers (iii) 2nd Generation (c) Microprocessor Computers (iv) 3rd Generation (d) UNIVAC Computers (v) 4th Generation (e) Transistors Computers (a) (i)-(d), (ii)-(e), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(c), (v)-(b) (b) (i)-(d), (ii)-(e), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b), (v)-(c) (c) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(c), (v)-(b) (d) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(e), (iv)-(b), (v)-(c) 20. Which of the following computers is used for nuclear research and similar calculation intensive operations? (a) Microcomputer (b) Supercomputer (c) Minicomputer (d) Mainframe computer

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21. Match the following. Column - I (i) ENIAC

Column - II (a) Howard H. Aiken and Grace Hooper (ii) Mark 1 (b) Charles Babbage (iii) Difference (c) First mechanical calculating machine Engine (iv) Abacus (d) J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (a) (i)-(a), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b) (b) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(c) (c) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(b) (d) (i)-(a), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(b) 22. Which of the following is NOT true for third generation computers? (a) Integrated Circuits (b) Transistors were the main building blocks. (c) Relatively small and could be placed on a small table (d) 1960’s–1970’s 23. Match the following. Column - I Column - II (i) Lady Augusta (a) 1642 Lovelace (ii) Pascaline Machine (b) Charles Babbage

(iii) Analytical Engine (c) Transistors (iv) Herman Hollerith (d) The first program (v) 2nd Generation (e) Tabulating Computers Machine (a) (i)-(d), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c) (b) (i)-(e), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(d), (v)-(c) (c) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(e), (v)-(c) (d) (i)-(e), (ii)-(b), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(d), (v)-(a) 24. Who suggested the stored program concept? (a) Howard H. Aiken (b) John von Neumann (c) Dr. Herman Hollerith (d) George Boole 25. The first computer installed in India was at ______ in ______. (a) Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi; 1950 (b) Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai; 1955 (c) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; 1957 (d) Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta; 1955

vvv

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National Cyber Olympiad – 6

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Fundamentals of Computer Chapter Outline: ˆˆ Key Points ˆˆ Multiple Choice Questions

A computer is an electronic device that helps us to perform complicated calculations in a fraction of a second. The hardware of a computer can be physically seen or touched. The hardware includes input and output devices and processing unit. The software is a computer program that tells a computer hardware how to operate.

Digital camera

Output Devices Monitor

It looks and works a lot like a TV screen. The monitor is what makes text and images appear on the screen.

Printer

It transfers processed information to a printed page. A printed copy is also called a hard copy. Main types of printers are: InkJet; Laser and color laser; Multifunction; Dot matrix; and Plotter.

Speaker

Speakers allow you to hear the sounds produced by the sound card.

Parts of a Personal Computer Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the main chip which calculates and processes information. Its speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz) and Gigahertz (GHz).

Hard Disk

It lets you take pictures and transfer them to a computer. It has a memory card which can be inserted into the computer slot to transfer images.

It is the main, long-term storage device which is located in the cabinet along with the CPU.

Input Devices Mouse

Keyboard

It is a hand-held pointing device that controls actions of the cursor on the monitor. It lets you enter information and commands into a computer by pressing the keys.

Fundamentals of Computer

Software

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

GUI makes computers easier to operate by using pictures and icons and to represent files and programs.

Operating System

It loads automatically and controls everything on your computer.

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