7

CBSE

ENGLISH (Based on NCERT Textbooks)

Published by

9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 Phone: 011- 40556600 (100 Lines) Website: www.fullmarks.org E-mail: [email protected] © Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Branches v&KHQQDLv*XZDKDWL /CTMGVKPI1HſEGU v$KPHGDEDGv%HQJDOXUXv%KRSDOv'HKUDGXQv+\GHUDEDGv-DLSXUv-DODQGKDUv.RFKL v.RONDWDv/XFNQRZv0XPEDLv3DWQDv5DQFKL

NEW EDITION

“This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any existing copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for corrective action.”

Printed at:

Note from the Publisher FULL MARKS English-7 has been thoroughly revised as per the latest NCERT textbooks and CBSE guidelines. The book has been divided into four sections. Section A: Reading—This section comprises comprehension passages including poems with questions and answers and aims to enable the students to comprehend and describe DQ\ HYHQWV HIIHFWLYHO\ 7KH PHDQLQJV RI WKH GLIÀFXOW ZRUGV KDYH EHHQ JLYHQ LQ (QJOLVK as well as in Hindi. Section B: Writing—This section describes the art of writing notices, messages, dialogues, paragraphs, articles, speeches and formal and informal letters with a number of solved and unsolved examples. Section C: Grammar—This section contains Detailed Resource Material for grammar with a number of exercises and their solutions. Section D: Literature—This section contains the NCERT Literature and Supplementary 5HDGHU7KHVXPPDU\RIHDFKOHVVRQSRHPRIWKHWH[WERRNDQGWKHPHDQLQJVRIGLIÀFXOW words of the important passages have been given in both English and Hindi. All NCERT textual questions and varieties of additional questions have been given with their answers for the sound practice of students. The book meets the need of a high quality, up-to-date, dependable and learner-friendly resource. The support website www.fullmarks.orgLVDQDGGHGEHQHÀWIRUWKHXVHUVZKHUH one can get much more and also an opportunity to share one’s academic complexities.

(iii)

CONTENTS SECTION-A: READING SKILLS 1. Reading-I ...................................................................................................................................8 2. Reading-II ................................................................................................................................22

SECTION-B: WRITING SKILLS 1. Short Composition ...................................................................................................................30 2. Long Composition ...................................................................................................................39

SECTION-C: GRAMMAR 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

The Sentence ...........................................................................................................................56 Subject and Predicate ..............................................................................................................59 Punctuation ..............................................................................................................................61 Noun ........................................................................................................................................64 Pronoun ....................................................................................................................................68 Verb ..........................................................................................................................................72 Adverb .....................................................................................................................................75 Adjective ..................................................................................................................................78 Question Tag ............................................................................................................................82 Subject-Verb Agreement..........................................................................................................84 Tenses ......................................................................................................................................88 Voice ......................................................................................................................................101 Prepositions ...........................................................................................................................107 Conjunctions ..........................................................................................................................111 Reported Speech ....................................................................................................................114 Synonyms and Antonyms......................................................................................................120 Idioms and Proverbs..............................................................................................................124 Gap Filling .............................................................................................................................128 Editing ...................................................................................................................................130 Omission ................................................................................................................................132 Jumbled Words ......................................................................................................................135

(v)

SECTION-D: TEXTBOOKS I. HONEYCOMB (Textbook) ......................................................................................... 138-286 1. Three Questions .....................................................................................................................138 + The Squirrel .......................................................................................................................150 2. A Gift of Chappals ................................................................................................................152 + The Rebel ..........................................................................................................................167 3. Gopal and the Hilsa-Fish ......................................................................................................172 + The Shed............................................................................................................................180 4. The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom.......................................................................................184 + Chivvy ...............................................................................................................................198 5. Quality ...................................................................................................................................202 + Trees ..................................................................................................................................214 6. Expert Detectives ..................................................................................................................217 + Mystery of the Talking Fan ..............................................................................................230 7. The Invention of Vita-Wonk .................................................................................................232 + Dad and the Cat and the Tree ...........................................................................................240 8. Fire: Friend and Foe ..............................................................................................................245 + Meadow Surprises .............................................................................................................255 9. A Bicycle in Good Repair .....................................................................................................260 + Garden Snake ....................................................................................................................272 10. The Story of Cricket..............................................................................................................275 II. AN ALIEN HAND (Supplementary Reader) ............................................................ 287-364 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

The Tiny Teacher ...................................................................................................................287 Bringing up Kari ...................................................................................................................293 The Desert .............................................................................................................................301 The Cop and the Anthem .....................................................................................................306 Golu Grows a Nose ...............................................................................................................316 I Want Something in a Cage .................................................................................................322 Chandni ..................................................................................................................................330 The Bear Story ......................................................................................................................339 A Tiger in the House .............................................................................................................345 An Alien Hand.......................................................................................................................354

(vi)

6ඍඋගඑ඗ඖ$ 5ඍඉඌඑඖඏ6ඓඑඔඔඛ

1

5HDGLQJ, (Prose)

Reading Comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a text. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written and how one applies one’s knowledge and imagination outside the text/message. Value points: 1. Read the passage thoroughly. 2. Be judicious in highlighting points. 3. Think in pictures. 4. Be to the point and precise while answering questions. 5. Enrich your vocabulary by reading newspapers and good books. Read the following passages carefully:

PASSAGE 1 My next pet was a pigeon. He was still very young. He was the most revolting bird to look at, with his feathers pushing through the wrinkled scarlet skin, mixed with the horrible yellow down that covers baby pigeons and makes them look as though they have been peroxiding their hair. Because of his repulsive and obese appearance, Larry suggested we call him Quasimodo and, liking the name without realizing the implications, I agreed. Owing to his unorthodox upbringing, and the fact that he had no parents to teach him the IDFWVRIOLIH4XDVLPRGREHFDPHFRQYLQFHGWKDWKHZDVQRWDELUGDWDOODQGUHIXVHGWRÁ\ Instead, he walked everywhere. If he wanted to get onto a table, or a chair he stood below it, ducking his head and cooking in a rich contralto until someone lifted him up. He was always eager to join us in anything we did, and would even try to come for walks with us. This, however, we had to stop, for either you carried him on your shoulder, which was risking an accident to your clothes, or else you let him walk behind. If you let him walk, then you had to slow down your own pace to suit his, for should you get too far ahead you would hear the most frantic DQGLPSORULQJFRRVDQGWXUQDURXQGWRÀQG4XDVLPRGR running desperately after you, his chest pouted out with indignation at your cruelty. Gerald Durrell: My Family and other animals

Word-Notes: Revolting–extremely unpleasant or offensive, foIyo djusokykA Scarlet–a bright red colour, xgjk yky jaxA Peroxiding–to colour with hydrogen peroxide, iSjkDlkbM ls jaxukA Repulsive–detestable, ?k`.kkLinA Obese–weighty, LFkwyA Implications– something that is suggested, fufgrkFkZA Unorthodox–not supporting or believing what other people think to be true, vijaijkxrA Upbringing–bringing up, fostering, ikyu&iks"k.kA Frantic–frenzied, very excited, mRrsftrA Indignation–outrange, Øks/A On the basis of your reading of the passage, choose the correct option: (a) The narrator describes the pigeon as a ‘revolting bird’ because: (i LWFRXOGQRWÁ\ (ii) it had to be carried everywhere.

8

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(iii) it had wrinkled skin covered with yellow feathers. (iv) it was fat. If Quasimodo had parents, he would have: (i) known he was a bird. (ii) behaved like a bird. (iii OHDUQWWRÁ\  iv) not walked so much. We know that Quasimodo was always eager to go on walks because: (i) he walked everywhere. (ii KHGLGQRWNQRZKRZWRÁ\ (iii) he protested loudly if he was not taken along. (iv) he always copied whatever humans did. Quasimodo considered the humans cruel when: (i) they tried to leave him at home. (ii) they lifted him on their shoulders. (iii) they took him for a walk. (iv) they walked too fast. The word ‘unorthodox’ means: (i) following generally accepted beliefs. (ii) strict and disciplined. (iii) different from what is usual or accepted. (iv) active and outgoing.

Answers (a )—(iii)

(b)—(iii)

(c )—(i)

(d )—(iv)

(e)—(iii)

PASSAGE 2 Sympathy The idea of euthanasia, of hastening the death of someone from motives of compassion, FRYHUVWZRPDLQVLWXDWLRQV7KHÀUVWLVZKHUHVRPHRQHLVFORVHWRGHDWKDQGFDQEHNHSW DOLYHEULHÁ\RQO\ZLWKLQWHQVLYHPHGLFDOFDUH,QWKLVFDVHLWRXJKWSHUKDSVWREHVWDUWHG explicitly in law that a doctor is not bound in all circumstances to use all conceivable means of prolonging DSDWLHQW·VOLIH7KHRIÀFLDOUHDVRQIRUWKHXVHRIHYHU\SRVVLEOHWHFKQLTXHRQ patients for whom there seems, to the lay eye, no hope is that we never know that there is no hope of at least a brief recovery. The second situation, in which it is proposed to end the life of someone who is not expected to die at once from natural causes, is more morally doubtfull. In so far as the suggestion may be based on the notion of the ‘quality of life’ experienced by the patient, this is an inadequate approach to human beings, whatever their capacities. At one extreme we may be dealing with a birth that cannot be called ‘human’ at all: such a being likely to live at the most for only a few hours. Many people would feel WKDWGXULQJWKLVWLPHLWRXJKWWREHJLYHQRUGLQDU\QXUVLQJFDUH%XWLWZRXOGEHGLIÀFXOW to condemn anyone who took the opposite view. At anything less this extreme, the bringing to an end of the life of say, a spastic child, by the deliberate refusal of the fullest medical care seems morally indefensible. Adapted from: MICHAEL KEELING: Morals in a Free Society

Word-Notes: Word-Notes: Euthanasia–mercy killing, lq[ke`R;q] bPNke`R;qA Compassion– pity, lgkuq H kw f rA Hastening–speeding up, tYnh djrs gq , A Explicitly–very clear and complete, Li"Vr;kA Conceivable–able to be imagined, lkspus ;ksX;] dYiuh;A Condemn–to VD\LQVWURQJDQGGHÀQLWHZD\¯unk djukA Spastic–related to spasm, detksj ,oa vikfgtA READING-I Q

9

On the basis of your reading of the passage, choose the correct option: (a) In line 6, ‘lay eye’ means: (i) wasted. (ii) inexperience. (iii) lying idle. (iv) blind eye prolonging. (b) Euthanasia means: (i) a place in Asia. (ii) bringing about gentle and easy death. (iii) enthusiasm. (iv) the youth in Asia. (c) The writer finds it morally indefensible that: (i) a spastic child should be refused medical care. (ii) a spastic child should be given medical care. (iii) we should not bother ourselves with this issue. (iv) it cannot be defended morally. (d) The writer finds it morally doubtful to: (i) end the life of someone who is not expected to die at once from natural causes. (ii) end the life of a spastic child. (iii) end the life of an infant who is likely to live only for a few hours. (iv) end the life of a human being. (e) The word ‘notion’ in line 9 means: (i) suggestion. (ii) idea. (iii) belief. (iv) principle.

Answers (a )—(ii)

(b)—(ii)

(c )—(i)

(d )—(i)

(e)—(ii).

PASSAGE 3 One sport in the country with tremendous potential but pathetic performance is swimming. 7KHFRXQWU\LVÁRRGHGZLWKWDOHQWHGVZLPPHUVDQGFRDFKHVZKRVHSRWHQWLDOLVQRWIXOO\ utilized due to red-tapism and bureaucratic hurdles)URPWKHÀUVWGD\LQVFKRRODFDGHPLF subjects take precedence over the rest of the child’s activities. In spite of being a country full of rivers and canals, swimming has failed to capture the imagination of Indians at large. The government, on its part, has done very little to boost the sport. Sports being the last on the list of agenda, the sponsorship and funds are invariably directed towards games, which have hogged the limelight. All those persons, who are interested in swimming, realize that bad quality of water is one rampant problem with almost 90% of swimming pools. As for schools, it requires exorbitant sums of money and the schools cannot afford it. A handful of the privileged few, who enjoy this luxury, fall in the category of the elite. These are out of reach for the common man. Where do the Indian stand today in comparison with international swimmers? The history of swimming in India has not been too bright. Only a couple of Indians have made it to the Asian Games, winning a bronze. International winner have excellent facilities in terms of coaching, nutrition, tactics, positive attitude and hard work. Paucity of high caliber international coaches is one setback Indians have suffered in all the arenas of sports. Thanks to the petty gains and trivial politics, the good ones are dropped like a hot potato and blue eyed ones have taken over for participating in international matches. Except for the metros, the country is deprived of good Olympic size swimming pools.

10

Q ENGLISH–VII

A person, who is genuinely interested in pursuing swimming as a career, may be forced to reconcile WRDQRWKHUSURIHVVLRQGXHWRÀQDQFLDOFRQVWUDLQWV7KHVSRUWVPHQODFNSURSHU GLUHFWLRQ*RRGVZLPPHUVGRQRWWDUJHWRQHVSHFLÀFUDFHZKLFKPDNHVDORWRIGLIIHUHQFHV LQWHUPVRIWKHRXWFRPHRIWKHUDFH$SURSHUWHFKQLTXHKDVWREHGULOOHGLQWRWKHLUPLQGV 7KH*RYHUQPHQWDQGVSRUWVRUJDQL]DWLRQVZLOOKDYHWRPDNHVHULRXVHIIRUWVWRWUDQVIRUP WKHIXWXUHRI,QGLDQVSRUWV7LOOWKHQLWLVDORQJORQJZDLW

Word-Notes: Tremendous–to a great extent, vR;fèkdA Pathetic²FDXVLQJIHHOLQJ of sadness, n;uh;A Red-tapism–bureaucratic constraints, nÝrj dh dkx”kh dk;ZokghA hurdles–hinderances, ck/k,¡A precedence–priority, izkFkfedrkA Invariably²FRQVWDQWO\ loZnkA Hogged–dominate, vf/d izHkko'kkyh gSA Limelight²SXEOLFH\H izflf¼A Rampant– existing, O;kIrA Exorbitant–huge, cgqr T;knkA Setback²SUREOHP ckèkkA Petty²QRWYHU\ important or serious, de ntsZ dkA Reconcile²VHWWOH laf/ djukA Genuinely²DFWXDO WUXO\lpeqp esaA 1. On the basis of your reading of the passage choose the correct option: (a $VSRUWWKDWKDVWUHPHQGRXVSRWHQWLDOEXWSDWKHWLFSHUIRUPDQFHLQ,QGLDLV (i %R[LQJ ii 6ZLPPLQJ iii +RFNH\ iv &ULFNHW (b )URPWKHYHU\ILUVWGD\LQVFKRRO« (i DFDGHPLFVXEMHFWVWDNHSUHFHGHQFH (ii DFDGHPLFVXEMHFWVWDNHDUHDUVHDW (iii JDPHVWDNHSUHFHGHQFH (iv VSRUWVLVWKHODVWRQWKHDJHQGD (c ,QRIVZLPPLQJSRROV (i H[RUELWDQWVXPVRIPRQH\DUHUHTXLUHG (ii IHZDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQVZLPPLQJ (iii EDGTXDOLW\RIZDWHULVDZLGHVSUHDGSUREOHP (iv RQO\WKHSULYLOHJHGIHZFDQDIIRUGWRHQMR\WKLVOX[XU\ (d ,QDGGLWLRQWRWKHH[LVWLQJSUREOHPWKHDXWKRUIHHOVWKDWVZLPPHUVODFN (i JRRG2O\PSLFVL]HGVZLPPLQJSRROV (ii DGHTXDWH)XQGV (iii SURSHUFRDFKLQJDQGQXWULWLRQ (iv SURSHUGLUHFWLRQDQGWHFKQLTXH (e ,QSDUDJUDSKWKHZRUG¶3DXFLW\·PHDQV (i DEVHQFH ii KLQGUDQFH iii VFDUFLW\ iv DQRPDO\

Answers 1.

(a)—(ii)

(b)—(i)

(c )—(iii)

(d )—(iv)

(e)—(iii 

PASSAGE 4 A Smile 6PLOHZKDWDVLPSOHDQGinnocuous ZRUG%XWKRZPHDQLQJIXODQGSRZHUIXOLWLV6PLOH PHDQVPRUHWKDQLWDSSHDUVWRWKHYLHZHU7KHZRUG¶VPLOH·UHPLQGVPHRI0RQD/LVD·V enigmatic VPLOH$VPLOHRQWKHIDFHFDQEHgenial or ironicalSOHDVLQJRUcontemptuous%XW KHUHZHDUHFRQFHUQHGZLWKDJHQLDODQGKHDOWK\VPLOHWKDWunarms HYHQWKHPRVWKRVWLOH When one is depressed or in pensive mood, faced with a gruelling RUSDLQIXOVLWXDWLRQ

READING-I Q

11

it is the smile only that unloads the tension weighing on the head of a person. It is the enlightened individual only who will give genuine expression to a genial smile for he has learnt to count the blessings that God has bestowed on him; tons of favours that He has done to him; innumerable gifts that He has showered on him bounteously. Each day brings a new hope, a new message and a new life. I admire every sunrise and I WU\P\EHVWWRÀWLQWKHPRVWGXULQJWKHKRXUVDKHDG'R\RXNQRZZK\"%HFDXVH,KDYH OHDUQWWRFRXQWWKHEOHVVLQJVEHVWRZHGXSRQPHE\*RGDQG,VPLOHÀHU\DUJXPHQWVZLWK DIULHQGKHDWHGWHPSHUVDORVWPDWFKDQXQQHFHVVDU\FRQÁLFWRYHUWULÁHV—how come that I am still alive? I smile. That was the top secret of my life but now it is an open secret. 'R\RXNQRZZK\,VPLOH"