kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw

cinimayum yadhardhyavum editor vijayakrishnan first chintha edition september 2012 typesetting chasimar, thiruvananthapuram published chintha publishers, thiruvananthapuram printed repro india ltd, mumbai cover ambeesh price rupees eighty only

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hnX-cWw

tZim-`n-am\n _p°v lukv H O Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035 www.chinthapublishers.com [email protected] {_m©p-Iƒ slÕm-^okv Ip∂p-Ipgn Hmh¿{_nUvPv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Be-∏p-g sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw a®n-߬ sebv≥ Xriq¿ sF Pn tdmUv tImgnt°m-Sv sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ tImgn-t°mSv F≥ Pn H bqWn-b≥ _n¬UnMv IÆq¿ sk≥{S¬ _kv sS¿an-\¬ tImwπIvkv Xmh-°c IÆq¿

CO - 1826 / 3018

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw

FUn-‰¿

hnP-bI - r-jvW≥

Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035

hne : ` 80

hnP-bI - r-jvW≥ Ne- ® n- { X- \ n- c q- ] - I ≥, kwhn- [ m- b - I ≥, IYm- I r- Ø v . km¿Yhm-l-I-kwL-w, A\pbmbn XpS-ßnb t\mh-epIƒ, tjIvkv]n-bdpw ao≥Im-cn-bpw, Ing-h≥ am¿Ømfis‚ IpXnc XpS-ßnb IYm-k-am-lm-c-߃, _mekm-ln-Xyw, Ne-®n-{X-km-ln-Xyw, kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]Ww Dƒs∏sS ap∏-Øn-b-©n¬∏cw ]pkvX-I-߃. 1982 se G‰hpw anI® Ne- ® n{X{KŸ- Ø n- \ p≈ tZiob Ahm¿Uv Ne-®n{X kao-£-bv°v. 1984, 1985, 1986, 1991, 2005 h¿j-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ Ne-®n{X kmln-Xy-Ir-XnIƒ°v kwÿm\ Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p. Hcn-S-sØm-cn-°¬, IYm-kw-K-aw, ]t´m-e-s∏m∂v F∂o Sn hn kocn-be - p-Iƒ°v kwÿm\ Sn hn Ahm¿Uv e`n®p. `qX-Øm≥ Ip∂v kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Ahm¿Uv t\Sn. kwÿm\ Ne-®n{X ]pkvXI Ahm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bp-sSbpw kwÿm\ Sn hn Ahm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bpsSbpw sNb¿am-\m-bn-cp∂p. sk≥{S¬ t_m¿Uv Hm^v ^nenw k¿´n- ^ n- t °- j - \ nepw kwÿm\ kn\nam Ahm¿Uv IΩn-‰n-bnepw AwK-am-bn-cp-∂n-´p-≠v. Ne-®n{X A°m-Z-an-bn¬ ap≥ Pn kn AwKw, Sn hn {]h¿Ø-IcpsS kwL-S-\-bmb tIm¨Sm-IvSns‚ {]kn-U‚ v. \n[n-bpsS IY, Ze-a¿a-cß - ƒ, DΩ F∂nh {][m\ Nn{X߃. Hcn-S-sØm-cn-°¬, IYm-kw-K-aw, Na-bw, ]t´m-es∏m-∂v, t{]bkn XpS-ßnb Sn hn kocn-b-ep-Ifpw \nch[n tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Ifpw sSen-^n-en-ap-Ifpw kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. `mcy a°ƒ hnemkw

: Bi : {ipXn, bZp : Bi-bw, AºmSn sebv≥ ]qP-∏p-c, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw C sabn¬ : [email protected]

D≈-S°w H∂mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hpc c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hpc

7 8

`mKw H∂v Un°≥kpw {Kn^nØpw kn\n-abpw sk¿Kn sFk≥kvss‰≥ A`n-\bw: \mS-I-Ønepw kn\n-a-bnepw skshm-temZv ]ptUm-^vIn≥ Ne-®n-{Xhpw bmYm¿Yyhpw dptUmƒ^v B≥low \ntbm-dn-b-enÃv kn\n-abv°v Hcp am\n-s^tÃm knksd kmh-´n\n \ntbm-dn-b-en-khpw cm{„o-bhpw B{µn _ko≥

11 19 26 33 39

`mKw c≠v Ihn-Xbpw kn\n-abpw eqbn _yp\p-h¬ 45 kn\na Hcp Ie-bmtWm? jm≥ sd\zm¿ 52 Hcp Pkyq´v ]ptcm-ln-X-\p≈ IØv s^U-dnt°m s^√n\n 62

Ne-®n-{X-I-ebpw a\p-jy\pw ssa°-em-RvPtem At‚m-Wn-tbmWn 65 Fs‚ kao-]\w jm≥epIv sKmZm¿Zv 70 tKmZm¿Zv Nn{X-ß-sf-∏‰n Ico\ A∂ 75 `mKw aq∂v ssien-sb-∏‰n Hcp hnNn-¥\w ]o‰¿ lm¿tIm¿´v 78 Ne-®n-{X-\n-cq-]Ww Fs‚ Zr„n-bn¬ {^m≥kz {Xqt^m 88 Ne-®n-{X-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw Ne-®n-{X-Ønse bmYm¿Yyw hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ 96

H∂mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hpc \√ Ne-®n-{XsØ ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - p-t]mseXs∂ \√ Ne®n-{X-km-ln-XysØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw {]m[m-\y-ta-dnb Hcp {InbbmWv. \ΩpsS Ne-®n-{X-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-∏-‰nbpw Zu¿_-ey-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw t_m[-ap-W¿Øm\pw AXp ]cym-]vX-am-Ipw. bmYm¿YysØ Ne-®n-{X-Ie Fßs\ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mh-kv^p-c-W-߃ F∂ \ne-bv°p≈ teJ\-ß-fmWv ChnsS kam-l-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. {]mXn-\n-[y-kz-`m-h-ap≈ cN\-I-fpsS Zu¿e`yw h√mØ t¢i-߃ kr„n-®n-´p-≠v. Cu kam-lmcsØ AXp ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]pkvXIw aq∂p `mK-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. H∂mw `mKØn¬ ssk≤m-¥n-I-cpsS cN-\-I-fmWv. bmYm¿Yyw Fßs\ BhnjvI-cn-°-s∏-SWw F∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n® Nne kqN-\-Iƒ Ah \¬Ip-∂p. c≠mw `mK-Øn¬, {]kn-≤-cmb Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ XßfpsS Nn{X-ß-fn¬ bmYm¿Yyw F{]-Imcw \n_-‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂psh∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. aq∂mw `mK-Øn¬ \ncq-]-W-]-c-amb teJ\-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. hnJymX Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS cN\-I-fn¬ kv^pSoI-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ bmYm¿YysØ hni-I-e-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv teJ-I¿. Cu teJ-\ß-fpsS hnh¿Ø\w `wKn-bmbn \nd-th-‰n-Ø∂ Fs‚ kplr-Øp-°-tfmSv Rm≥ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 10˛12˛'84

hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hpc \hNe-®n-{Xm-h-t_m[w Icp-Øm¿Pn®p h∂ Bbn-c-Øn-sXm≈m-bn-cØn F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bn-emWv Ne-®n-{Xhpw bmYm¿Yyhpw Rm≥ Xbm- d m- ° p- ∂ - X v (BZy- ] - X n- ∏ ns‚ t]cv ) . A∂sØ \nebv°v hniz{]i-kvX-cmb C{Xbpw Ne-®n-{X-Im-c-∑mcpsS cN-\-Iƒ kam-l-cn-°pI {ia-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ kplrØpw Ihn-bp-amb {io. tPmkv shtΩ-en-bmWv A∂v ]pkvXIw {]km-[\w sNbv X - X v . am¿°- ‰ n- ß ns‚ A]- c ym- ] v X X \nanØw A¿l- a mb {]Nmcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ]pkvX-I-Øn\p Ign-bmsX t]mbn. Gsd h¿j߃°ptijw ]pkvX-I-Øn\v ho≠p-samcp ]Xn∏p-≠m-hp-∂Xv Ne-®n-{X-km-lnXy {]km-[-\-Øn¬ H∂mw ÿm\Øp \n¬°p∂ "Nn¥' ]ªn- t j- g v k ns‚ t{]c- W bpw {]tNm- Z - \ hpw sIm≠m-Wv. "Nn¥'bv°p \µn. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

`mKw H∂v

10

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

11

Un°≥kpw {Kn^nØpw kn\n-abpw sk¿Kn sFk≥kvss‰≥

{Kn ^nØn- t ‚- X m- b n- c p∂p G‰hpw Bth- i - I - c - a mb cq]w, Fs¥-∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ IrXnI-fn-emWv kn\na Hcp IuXp-Itam t\c- t ºmt°m F∂- X n- \ - ∏ pdw A\p-`-h-am-b-Xv. Ata-cn-°≥ kn\na-bpsS ka¿Y-amb ]pXn-b -co-XnI-sf-ºmSpw At±-l-Øns‚ kn\na- b n¬ Zriyam- h p∂p. IY- b psS sshIm-cn-I-X-tbm-sSm∏w; am\p-jnI-amb A`n-\b `wKn-tbm-sSm-∏w Nncn°pw IÆo-cn-∂p-sam-∏w; Ne-®n{X-]-c-amb Du¿P-kz-e-Xbpw HuPzeyhpw ]cn- c - £ n®psIm≠mWv At±-l-anXp \n¿h-ln-®-Xv, Zn t{K sk¿Kn sFk≥kvss‰≥ jmtUmbnepw Zn am¿°v Hm^v tkmtdmbnepw Zn lukv Hm^v tl‰nepw ImWp-∂-t]m-se. {Kn^nØns‚ k¿Km-flI {]h¿Ø\w \ap°p Nne ]mT-߃ \¬Ip∂p˛kn\n-abv°v AXp-ey-amw-hn[w al-Ø-c-am-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂v, apfsb-SpØp hcp∂ tkmhn-b‰v kn\n-abv°v AXns\ ASn-ÿm\ ZuXyam-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂v. "I¨kv{S-£s‚bpw coXn-I-fpsSbpw' B Ime-L´w \ap°p \¬In-bn-´p≈ Hu’pIyw al-Ømb Ata-cn-°≥ Nn{X-ß-fnse

12

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

G‰hpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb LS-I-ßsf A\m-bm-k-ambn \n¿W-bn-®p. AtX-hsc A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp afi-e-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂, Ie-bpsS cwKhp-ambn _‘-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂, F≥Pn-\o-b-dnßn-s‚bpw sshZyp-tXm-]I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw cwKsØ ]cn-Nn-X-am-b, Hcp kwKXn kn\n-am-t´m{Km^n F∂ Ie-bpsS G‰hpw ]ptcm-K-an® hn`m-KsØ kv]¿in-°pI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu afi-ew, Cu coXn, _n¬Unßn-s‚bpw I¨kv{S£s‚bpw Cu XXzw-˛-C-XmWv "sam≠mjv.' Cu sam≠m-jns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine-I-fn-´Xv Ata-cn-°≥ Ne®n{X kwkvIm-c-am-Wv. F∂m¬ AXns‚ ]q¿Whpw k^-ehpw t_m[-]q¿h-hp-amb {]tbmKw \S-ØnbXpw AXn\v temImw-Ko-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-ØXpw \ΩpsS Nn{X-ß-fm-Wv. sam≠m-jns‚ D¬∏Øn F∂pw {Kn^n-Øns‚ \ma-hp-ambn Cg]ncn-bmsX \n¬°pw. {Kn^nØns‚ k¿K-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G‰hpw Ne-\m-fl-I-amb ]¶v hln®Xv sam≠m-jm-Wv. At±-l-Øn\v G‰hpw i_-fm-`-amb hnP-b-߃ kΩm-\n-®Xpw sam≠m-jm-Wv. kam-¥c - {Inb F∂ coXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv {Kn^nØv AXn¬ FØn-s∏-´-Xv. HSp-hn¬, A\n-hm-cy-am-bpw, AXn¬Ø-s∂-bm-W-t±lw XS™p-\n-∂-Xpw. F¥m-bm-epw, hnj-bsØ hn´p- I-S∂pt]mtI-≠-˛-\ap-°n-t∏mƒ Cu tNmZyw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-˛-sam-≠mjv Fßs\ {Kn^nØnte°p h∂p, AY-hm, {Kn^nØv Fßs\ sam≠m-jn-te°p h∂p? {Kn^nØv sam≠m-jn-te°p h∂Xv kam-¥-c-{Inb hgn-bmWv. At±lw kam-¥-c-{Inb F∂ Bi-b-Øn-te°v \bn-°-s∏-´-tXm-˛-Un°≥kv hgnbpw......! Un°≥kns‚ t\mh-ep-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-I¿°v, At±-lØ - ns‚ hmb-\° - m¿°v F¥m-bn-cp∂p? DØ-ca - n-XmWv: \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ kn\na Df-hm-°p∂ {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv A∂v B t\mhep-Iƒ Df-hm-°nbXv. AtX sshIm-cnI {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-te-°mWv Ah hmb-\-°m-cs\ \bn-®-Xv. kn\n-ab - psS BI¿j-Wß - f - mb AtX sshIm-cnI LS--\I - f - mWv Ah-bn-ep-ap-≈Xv (Ip-d™ ]£w ]pd-ta-s°-¶n-epw); Ah Hcp-t]mse Xn∑-tbmSv AlnXw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnc-ka - mb km[m-cW - X - z-Øn¬\n∂v A¤p-XI-chpw Akm-[m-cW - hpw kz]v\m-fl-I-hp-am-bXp kr„n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ah hnc-k-amb km[m-c-W-Xz-Øn-\p-ta¬ khn-ti-j-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ tae¶n AWn-bn°p-∂p. Cu shfn-®-Øm¬ {]Im-in-X-ambn, IY-bpsS taJ-e-bn¬\n∂v Pohn-XØ - n-te°p Xs∂ Xncn-™v, Cu km[m-cW - Xzw HcpXcw Im¬∏\nI ]cn-thjw ssIh-cn®p; sshc-ky-Øn-em-≠n-cp-∂ P\-߃, i‡amb Im¬∏-\nI cq]-ß-fpsS apJ-Z¿i\w km[y-am-°n-s°m-SpØ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-t\mSp IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

13

Un°≥kns‚ t\mh-ep-It- fmSpw, AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ kn\n-at- bmSp-ap≈ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn\v Hcp ]cn-[n-tbmfw CXpXs∂-bmWv Imc-Ww. Hcp-]s£ CXns‚ clkyw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv A\m-bm-k-ambn A¤pXw kr„n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Un°≥kns‚ (kn-\n-a-bp-sSbpw) ssh`-h-Øn-em-Imw. t\mh-ep-I-fnse \nco-£Ww Akm-[m-c-W-am-Wv˛-H∏w Ah-bpsS Zriy-]-camb KpW-\n-e-hm-c-hpw. C∂sØ kn\n-am\m-b-I-∑msct∏mse Xs∂ Un°≥kns‚ IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw AXn-itbm-‡n-bpsS kv]¿i-ap-≈-h-cm-Wv. hy‡-ambn Z¿in-°m-hp∂ kz`mh-tN-„-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv kn\n-a-bnse \mb-I-∑m¿ ImWn-I-fpsS C{µnb-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv; Nne {]tXy-I-Xcw apJ-`m-h-ß-fn-eqsS AXnse hn√-∑msc Xncn-®-dn-bm-\m-hp-∂p. kv{Io\n¬\n∂p ImWn-Ifn¬ h∂p ]Xn-°p∂ Ir{Xna {]Im-i-civanIfn-eqsS Hmtcm Ne-\ßfpw khn-ti-j-am-b-Xn-te°p tI{µo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]q¿Wambpw CXp-t]m-se-X-s∂-bmWv Un°≥kv Xs‚ IYm]m- { X- ß sf sa\- s ™- S p- Ø - X pw- ˛ - ] n°v h n°v , tUmºn, ^mKn≥, ‰m°nƒS¨ XpS-ßnb Xs‚ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf ]nghp]‰msX A\mbm-k-ambpw hy‡-ambpw Un°≥kv hc-s®-Sp-Ø-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv. Zr„m-¥ß - f - n-te°pw kmayI-¬∏-\I - f - n-te°pw IqSp-X¬ t]mtI≠-˛-AXp hnizm-ky-Xbpw BI¿j-I-Xzhpw \„-s∏-Sp-Øpw. No´p-Ifn-bnse kq{X-hn-Zy-Iƒt]m-se-bp≈ HcpXcw bm{¥n-I-X-bn-te°v AXp hgp-Xn-t∏m-sb∂pw hcpw. {Kn^n-Øn\p Un°≥kn-t\m-Sp≈ kmZr-iy-ß-fpsS hnizm-kyX \„-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv F\n°v AXy¥w tJZ-I-c-am-b-Xn-\m¬, Ch¿°p XΩn-ep≈ FÆ-a‰ kam\ {]Ir-Xßsf adn-I-S∂v \ap°v apt∂m´p t]mImw. Un°≥kn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ CØcw D]-Z¿i-\-߃ NnI-s™-Sp°p-∂Xv {Kn^n-Øns‚ sshb-‡n-I-amb Ne-®n{X Iem-\n-]p-W-X-tbmSp≈ (individual cinematic craftmanship) Xm¬∏-cysØ ]cn-an-X-s∏Sp-Øp-I-bpw, Ne-®n-{X-I-e-sb-∏‰n s]mXp-hm-sbmcp N¿®-bn-te-°p≈ hgn-Xp-d-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. C°m-c-W-ß-fm-emWv Un°≥kns‚ Ne®n-{X]c-amb -kq-N-\-I-fn-te°p Rm≥ IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ t]mIp∂Xpw {Kn^n-Øn-eqsS Ahsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw˛`m-hn-bnse Ne®n{X {]tbm-‡m-°-fpsS {]tbm-P-\-Øn\p th≠n. Un°≥kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬ DcphwsIm≠v, {Kn^n-Øns‚ k¿K{In-b-bn-eqsS Ne-®n-{X-kr-„n-bpsS LS-I-ß-fmbn hnImkw {]m]n® sam≠m-jns‚ ASn-ÿm\ LS-\-bn-te°p Xs∂ \ap°p Xncn-bmw. CXp-h-scbpw ad™pInS∂ Cu A\p-`-h-k-º-∂-X-Isf A¬∏-sa¶nepw A\m-h-cWw sNøm≥ \ap°v Hen-h¿ SznÃn te°p t\m°mw. Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ BZy-`mKw hmbn°mw:

14

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

apjn™ Hcp {]`m-X-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ sXcp-hn-te°p h∂Xv; i‡-amb Im‰pw agbpw; ho¿Øp-sI-´nb taL-ß-fpw. cm{Xn \\™p IpXn¿∂n-cp∂p; \nc-Øp-I-fn¬ sh≈w Xfw sI´n-°n-S-∂n-cp∂p; Iqc-Ifpw Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ]I-ens‚ Zp¿_-e-amb Hcp an∂-em´w BIm-iØn¬ Zriy-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw AXv A¥-co-£-Øns‚ æm\X eLq- I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\p ]Icw h¿[n- ∏ n- ° p- I - b m- W p- ≠ m- b - X v . \\™p apjn™ sXcp-hp-I-fntem ta¬°q-c-I-fntem A¬∏w sXfn™ {]Imiw sNmcn-bp-hm≥ B Ccp-≠- sh-fn-®-Øn\p Ign-™n-√. sXcp-hp-hn-f-°p-I-fpsS Ac≠ {]Im-i-sØ-°qSn AXp Ih¿∂p-I-f-™-tX-bp-≈q. ]´-W-{]m-¥-ß-fn-seßpw Bcp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. hoSp-I-fpsS P\ep-I-sf√mw AS®p ]q´n-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ IS-∂p-t]m-b- sXcp-hpI-sf√mw i–-c-ln-Xhpw hnP-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. s_Xv\m¬{Ko≥ tdmUn¬ Ah¿ FØn-b-t∏m-tg°pw ]pe¿®tbm-S-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw hnf-°p-Iƒ an°hmdpw AW™p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. Npcp°w Nne N°-Sm-h-≠n-Iƒ e≠-\n-te°v Cg-™p-\o-ßp∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CSbv-°nsS sNfn-sIm-≠p-aq-Snb Ht∂m ct≠m IpXn-c-h-≠n-Ifpw Hm^o-kns\ e£y-am°n ]m™p-sIm-≠ncp-∂p..... {ItaW IS-I-tfm-tcm∂pw Xpd∂p XpSßn; Aßn-ßmbn BfpI-sfbpw I≠p-Xp-S-ßn. ]n∂oSv ]Wn°p t]mIp∂ sXmgn-emfn kwL-ßf - psS hc-hmbn; ao≥sIm´-Ifpw Npa-∂p-sIm≠v BWp-ßfpw s]Æp-ßfpw h∂p XpS-ßn. ]®-°-dn-Iƒ \nd® IgpX h≠n-I-fpw...... Ah¿ \K-cØ - n-te°p IS-∂t- ∏m-tg°pw i–-tIm-em-le - ß - fpw hml-\-ß-fpsS Xnc°pw h¿[n-®n-cp-∂p. kvanXv ^o¬Un-s‚bpw tjm¿Un-®n-s‚bpw CS-bv°p≈ sXcphp-If - n¬ Ah¿ FØn-bt- ∏m-tg°pw AsXm-cmc-ha - mbn°gn-™ncp-∂p. N¥-Zn-hkw {]`mXw. sNfnbpw s]mSnbpwsIm≠v Xd- b msI aqSn- ° n- S - ∂ n- c p- ∂ p. \mdp∂ I∂p-Im-en-If - psS ico-cØ - n¬\n∂v XpS¿®-bmbn Bhn s]mßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Db¿∂p\n¬°p∂ ]pI-°p-g-ep-I-fnepw a‰pw Xßn-°n-S-∂n-cp∂ ]pI-a-™n-t\m-SXp ebn®p tN¿∂p.

kn\n-abpw bmYm¿Yyhpw hnP-bI - r-jW v ≥

15

{Kmao-W¿ Iim-∏p-Im¿ I∂p-I-®-h-S-°m¿ N¥°-®-h-S-°m¿ B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ I≈-∑m¿ Ae-k-∑m¿. Xmsg-°n-S-bn-ep≈ F√m-Øcw A`-bm¿Yn-Ifpw CS-I-e¿∂p Xnßn-\n-d-™n-cp-∂p. 5 I∂p-I-®-h-S-°m-cpsS Nqf-aSn ]´n-I-fpsS Ipc Imf-I-fpsS Aa-d¬ BSp-I-fpsS Ic-®n¬ ]∂n-I-fpsS Nn\-bv°¬ N¥°-®-h-S-°m-cpsS Imlfw-hnfn F√m-bn-SØpw _l-fß - fpw hmKvZm-\ß - fpw h°m-Wß - fpw. aWn-b-Sn-sbm-®-Iƒ. kIe k{X-ß-fn¬\n∂p-ap-b-cp∂ i–-K¿P-\-߃. Bƒ°q-´w, D¥pw X≈pw, Hm´w, ASn-]n-Sn, \ne-hnfn. kw{`a-I-c-amb i–-tIm-em-l-e-߃ N¥-bpsS F√m tImWp-Ifn¬\n∂pw apg-ßn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ipfn-°mØ, \\-bv°m-Ø, sNc-bv°m-Ø, hrØn-sI´ cq]߃ _l-fa - p-≠m-°n-s°m≠v Atßm-´p-an-tßm´pw HmSn-s°m≠n-cp∂p; ÿe-Im-e-hn-{`m-¥n-bp-≠m-°p∂ a´n¬ AsXmcp k¶o¿W-cwKw kr„n®p. {Kn^n-Øns‚ Ne-®n{X kr„n-I-fn¬ CØ-c-samcp LS-\-bp-ambn \mw F{Xtbm XhW k‘n-®n-cn-°p∂p? CtX PohnXssien-bpsS kam-l-c-Whpw Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ kzc-k-hn-ti-j-Xbpw (tempo); CtX {Ia-Øn-ep≈ {]Im-i-hn-\ym-kw. sXfn-™p-I-Øp∂ sXcp-hphn-f-°p-I-fn¬\n∂v ]pe¿®-bn-te-°v, ]pe¿®-bn¬\n∂v ]I-ens‚ ]q¿W-{]-Im-i-Øn-te°v; CtX a´n¬ ip≤-amb Zriy-L-S-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂v {ihy-L-S-I-ß-ƒ CS-I-e¿∂p≈ A`n-kw-{I-a-Ww-˛-Xp-S-°-Øn¬ Ahy-‡-P-Sn-e-amb Hcp henb apg-°-ambpw; {]Im-i-h¿[-\-hns‚ c≠mw L´-Øn¬ Hcp hnZq-c-i-–-am-bpw, apg°w Hcm-c-h-ambn amdp∂ ip≤-amb {ihy-L-S-\-bn-te°pw, Ct∏mƒ kaq¿Ø-ambpw hkvXp\n-jvT-ambpw (\-ΩpsS hn`-P-\-Øns‚ 5˛mw Jfiw); kq£va-ambn