Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

ente jeevithakadha autobiography of a k gopalan first chintha edition november 1980 twelth edition february 2015 thirteenth edition october 2017 fourteenth edition october 2018 typesetting and published chintha publishers, thiruvananthapuram printed

Repro India Limited, India

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hnX-cWw

tZim-`n-am\n _p°v lukv H O Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035 phone: 0471-2303026, 6063026 www.chinthapublishers.com [email protected] {_m©p-Iƒ slÕm-^okv {_m©v Ip∂p-Ipgn ÃmNyp Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Be-∏p-g sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw a®n-߬ sebv≥ Xriq¿ sF Pn tdmUv tImgnt°m-Sv amhq¿ tdmUv tImgn-t°mSv F≥ Pn H bqWn-b≥ _n¬UnMv IÆq¿ sk≥{S¬ _kv sS¿an-\¬ tImwπIvkv Xmh-°c IÆq¿

CR - 1915 / 4752 ISBN - 978-93-85018-36-7

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

F sI tKm]m-e≥

Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035

D≈-S°w hoSv, AΩ A[ym-]-I≥ s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ ka-chpw XShpw Abn-Ø-Øn-s\-Xnsc tIm¨{Kkv {]h¿Ø-\hpw t£{X-{]-th-i-\-Pm-Ybpw sXmgn-em-fn-˛-I¿jI ka-c-߃ tkmjy-enÃv ]´n-Wn-PmY ]Wn-ap-S-°p-Ifpw tIkp-Ifpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ kacw hntZ-i-ß-fn-te°v BZysØ Hfn-hp-Po-hnXw Pbn¬ NmS¬ Hfn-hn¬ `mcXw kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ h°n¬ {_n´≥ hnS-hm-ßp∂p kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw Pbn-en¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ IayqWnk-Øns‚ hf¿® hnhmlw hntZ-i-]-cy-S\w Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bpsS apt∂‰w `mjm -kw-ÿm-\-k-acw CuPn]vXv apX¬ lwK-dn-h-sc ]©m_v kacw Iayq-WnÃv a{¥n-k` I¿j-I-{]-ÿm\w IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°-en-s\-Xnsc I¿jI PmY ka-chpw AdÃpw Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n ]nf-cp∂p cmPy-c-£bpw Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw sFIy-ap-∂Wn a{¥n-k` tIm¨{K-knse `n∂n∏pw ]pXnb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏pw Im¿j-n-I-_‘ t`Z-K-Xn-_n¬ IpSn-In-S-∏-h-Imiw ÿm]n-°p∂p an®-`qan ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p∂p kacw XpS-cp∂p Zo¿L-amb kpJ-t°Sv ho≠pw ka-c-Øn-te°v

5 10 20 34 46 60 70 85 97 112 127 148 162 168 177 183 186 197 204 208 223 227 240 251 256 264 304 317 325 330 349 357 367 374 386 413 431 458 470

1

hoSv, AΩ h St° ae- _ m- d nse Nnd- b v ° ¬ Xmeq- ° n¬ amhn- e mbnbnep≈ at{Icn hnt√-Pn¬ 1904 HIvtSm-_¿ 1˛\v Rm≥ P\n-®p. (A—≥ sh≈p-h-°-tÆmØv ssccp-\m-b¿, AΩ Bbn-eyØv Ip‰ntbcn am[-hn-b-Ω) \mb¿ Iq´p-IpSpw-_-amb Bbn-eyØv Hcp ap≥ {]`p-Ip-Spw-_-am-bn-cp-∂p. At\-Øv, It≠m-Øv, Bbn-eyØv F∂v aq∂p IpSpw-_-ß-fmbn Bbn-eyØv IpSpw_w hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p. ]n∂oSp-≠mb Hcp hn`-P\w Ip‰n-tbcn F∂ imJ-bp-≠m-°n. Aß-s\bmWv Rm≥ Bbn-eyØv Ip‰n-tbcn tKm]m-e≥ \ºym-cm-b-Xv. CuÃn¥ym Iº\n \ΩpsS \m´n¬ Imep-Ip-Øp-∂-Xn\v apºpXs∂ "Cc-´-ho-´p-\m-b¿' IpSpw_w Hcp \mSp-hm-gn-Ø-d-hm-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. Iº\n Ahsc "k¿h{io' F∂pw "{io' F∂pw D≈ _ncp-Z-߃ \¬In _lp-am-\n-®p. CXns‚ A¿Yw Nne kzØp-°ƒ Ic-sam-gnhm-sW∂pw a‰p-≈h ]Ip-Xn-am{Xw Ic-sam-gn-hp-≈-Xm-sW∂pw am-{Xam-bn-cp-∂p. IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Unkv{XnIvSv PUvPn apX¬ Fen-sa‚dn kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I≥ hsc ]e \ne-bn-ep≈ hf-sc-b-[nIw DtZym-Kÿ-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-kwJy hfsc hep-Xmbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ F√m-h¿°pw ]c-kv]cw Adn-bm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. ""\n߃ Fs∂ Adn-bptam? Rm≥ \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-\m-Wv'' F∂p ]d™v ]ecpw ]e-t∏mgpw kzbw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. IpSpw-_-Ønse G‰hpw {]mbw-Iq-Snb Bfm-bn-cp∂p IpSpw-_\m- Y ≥. At±lw Xd- h m- ´ n¬ Xma- k n- ® p. IpSpw- _ - Ø nse a‰v AwK߃°pw AhnsS Xma-kn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS Xma-kn-®n-cp∂-h¿°v cmhnse I™nbpw D®bv°pw sshIp-t∂-chpw DuWpw In´n-bn-cp-∂p. ka-bØv FØm-Ø-h¿°v H∂pw In´p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

6

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

Nne-t∏mƒ Xma-kn®v hcp-∂-h¿°v sh≈w tN¿Ø "Idn' In´n-bn-cp∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ CXv Hcp kaq-lhn-SpXn t]mse-bm-bn-cp-∂p. BZmbw FSp-Øn-cp-∂Xv Imc-W-h-cm-Wv. Hmtcm AwK-Øn-s‚bpw Hmlcn ¢n]vX-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw B≠n¬ 265 tk¿ s\√pw 25 cq]bpw In´n. Hcmƒ acn-®m¬ Hmlcn A¬∏w IqSpw. Xdhm-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Ahn-sS-\n∂v D≠p. hc-hns‚ Hmlcn ImcWh¿ a‰p-≈-h¿°v Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. IpSpw-_-Øn\v X\-Xmb sshZy\pw Ae-°p-Im-c\pw £pc-I-\p-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ch¿°v hm¿jnI-th-X-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXv acp-a-°-Ømb IpSpw-_-Ønse Pohn-XØns‚ amXr-I-bm-Wv. Imc-W-hcpw At±-l-Øns‚ `mcy-]p-{Xm-Zn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-h-tc-°mƒ sa®-amb \ne-bn¬ Ign-™m¬ A\-¥n-c-h¿°v AhtcmSv Akq-bbpw i{Xp-Xbpw tXm∂pI k¿h-km-[m-cW-am-Wv. A—s‚IqsS-bmWv Rm≥ Xma-kn-®-Xv. \t∂ sNdp∏wapX¬ Rm≥ hf¿∂Xv a‰v hoSp-If - p-tS-Xn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvXa - mb Hcp A¥co£-Øn-em-Wv. A—≥ A°m-esØ kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvI¿Øm-°-fn-semcm-fm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-amWv s]mXp-°m-cy-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m\pw P\ß-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Im-\p-ap≈ BZysØ Ah-kcw F\n°v \¬InbXv. hSt° ae-_m-dnse ImSm-®nd F∂ ÿeØv A—≥ Hcp Cw•ojv anUn¬ kvIqƒ Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. Adp-]Xv h¿j-Øn\v apºv AØcw Hcp {Kma-Øn¬ Hcp Cw•ojv anUn¬ kvIqƒ ÿm]n-°pI Ffp-∏-ap≈ ]Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. kvIqƒ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠{X t{]m’m-l-\w-t]mepw e`n-®n-√. Fs‚ ktlm-Z-cn-I-sf-°qSn kvIqfn¬ Ab-®-t∏mƒ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-¿ tIm]n-®p. B[p-\n-I-co-Xn-bn¬ thjw [cn® s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ B¨Ip-´n-I-tfm-sSm∏w kvIqfn¬ t]mhpI F∂Xv Ah¿°v Nn¥n-°m≥IqSn høm-bn-cp-∂p. a‰v Ip´n-I-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn Rm\pw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-c-≥amcpw j¿´pw \n°dpw C´v sXm∏n-bp-a-Wn-™mWv kvIqfn¬ t]mbn-cp-∂-Xv. R߃ Bfp-IfpsS {i≤bv°v hnj-b-am-bn. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-cpsS FXn¿∏pw t{]m’ml-\-cm-ln-Xyhpw \nanØw AsXmcp Fen-sa‚dn kvIqfmbn amdn. Cu kvIqƒ sI Sn N¥p-\-ºymsct∏m-ep≈ {]kn≤ A`n-`m-j-I-tcmsSm∏w [mcmfw s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw krjvSn-®n-´p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv A`n-am-\-I-c-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. hSt° ae- _ m¿ \mb¿ skmssk‰nbpsS Bcw`w apX¬ A—≥ AXns‚ sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ {][m-\-e£yw \mb∑m-cpsS CS-bnse Ahm-¥c hn`m-K-߃ C√m-Xm-°epw Xmen-sI´v XpS-ßnb kmaq-ly A-\m-Nm-c-߃ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kwL-S-\-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w-sIm-≠mWv Xmen-sI´v kºq¿Wambn A{]-Xy-£-am-b-Xv. A—≥ Cu {]hr-Øn-bn¬ [mcmfw FXn¿∏v kln- ® p. At±- l - t Øm- s Sm∏w Rm\pw N¿®m- t bm- K - ß - f nepw skmssk- ‰ n- b psS tbmK- ß - f nepw ]s¶- S p- Ø p. IqSmsX Rm≥ {]kwKcw-K-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-cn-Ibpw \mb¿ skmssk-‰n-bpsS {]Nm-

F sI tKm]m-e≥

7

c-th-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Rm≥ A—s‚ \¿a-c-k-ap≈ {]kw-K-߃ {i≤n-®p. Ah Fs‚ a\kn¬ KmV-ambn ]Xn-™p. A—s‚ {]km-[-I-Xz-Øn¬ hyh-km-b-an{Xw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp {]kn- ≤ o- I - c Ww D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p. kap- Z m- b - Z o- ] nI F∂m- b n- c p∂p CXns‚ BZysØ t]¿. BgvN-∏-Xn-∏mbn Bcw-`n-s®-¶nepw t{]m’ml-\-Øns‚ Ipd-hp-sIm≠v AXv amkn-I-bmbn amt‰-≠n-h-∂p. AXn\v Hcp kz¥w {]kp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B amkn-I-bpsS ]w‡n-bn¬°qSn Ihn-aWn sI kn Ip´-∏-\-ºym¿, \oe-t©cn i¶-c≥\m-b¿, sI Sn cma≥ \ºym¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kmln-Xy-{i-a-߃ hnI-kn-®p. A®Sn-bn¬ {i≤n-°m≥ kabw In´p-tºm-sg√mw h¿Ø-am-\-]-{X-߃ hmbn-°p-I, teJ-\-߃ Bh¿Øn®v Fgp-Xp-I, {]mtZ-inI hm¿ØIƒ kw{K-ln-°p-I, hcn-°m-cpsS ta¬hn-em-k-sa-gp-Xp-I, cPn-ÃdpIƒ kq£n-°pI Ch-sb√mw Fs‚ ]Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A—s‚ A\p-P≥ Hcp \√ Kmb-I\pw \S-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw A`n-\-bØn\v hmk\ D≠m-bn-cp∂ sNdp-∏-°m-sc-sb√mw kwL-Sn-∏n®v Hcp \mS-I-kwLw cq]o-I-cn-®p. A—\pw Cu \mS-I-kw-L-Ønse Hcp \S\m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kwLw hb-\m-´nepw a‰p ÿe-ß-fnepw B≠ptXmdpw {]Z¿i\w \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw CXn-te°v BI¿jn-°s∏-´p. ho´n-\-Sp-Øp≈ {]Z¿i-\-Øn\p Rm\pw t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS \m´n¬ sshhn-[y-ap≈ Irjn-k{- º-Zmbw A—-\mWv Bcw-`n-®X - v. s\√n-\p-]p-dsa \ne-°S- e - bpw Icnºpw h≥tXm-Xn¬ Irjn sNø-s∏-´p. CXv Im¿jnI ]cn-jvIm-cß - f - psS Bh-iy-IX - s - b-∏‰n P\lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ t_m[w-h-cp-Øn. Fs‚ {i≤sb CXv BI¿jn-®p. Nndbv°¬ Xmeq-°nse BZysØ Xmeq°v t_m¿Un¬ Xnc-s™-Sp°-s∏´ AwK-ßf - n¬ Hcmƒ A—-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v cmjv{So-bc - ln-X-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw {]Nm-c-W-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw FXn-cmfnsb tXm¬∏n-°p-∂X - nepw F\n°v henb D’m-la - m-bn-cp-∂p. s]mXpP-\-߃ A—s\ F{X-am{Xw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂v Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS F\n°v ImWm≥ Ign™p. F\n°v thm´¿amsc ]cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sm\pw Hc-hkcw e`n-®p. k_v Unkv{Xn-ISv nse ]mew-]W - n, s{Ubn-t\-P,v Fen-sa‚dn kvIqfp-Iƒ Bcw`n-°¬ XpS-ßnb s]mXp Bh-iy-ßf - n¬ A—≥ Xm¬∏cyw ImWn®ncp-∂p. F\n°v CsX√mw s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - nse BZy-]m-Tß - f - m-bncp-∂p. hnZym¿Yn F∂ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥ IqSp-X¬ ipjvIm-¥n-bp-≈hm\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t£ ]co-£-°m-eØv Ht∂m ct≠m BgvN ITn\-ambn ]Wn-sb-Sp-°pw. IqSmsX ]co-£-bn¬ tIm∏n-b-Sn-°m≥ [mcmfw Ah-k-chpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F\n°v h°otem PUvPntbm tUmIvStdm BIm-\p≈ taml-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. P\-߃°n-S-bn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ kuI-cyhpw kzmX-{¥yhpw In´p∂ Hcp tPmen am{Xta Rm≥ CjvS-s∏-´n-cp-∂p-≈q. Rm≥ kvIqfnse NoØ-°p-´n-If - psS t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS

8

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

kwLw Ip´n-Iƒ°n-Sb - nse hg-°p-Iƒ hnNm-cW sNøp-Ibpw A[ym]-I-cp-am-bp≈ Ah-cpsS X¿°-߃°v Xocp-am\w FSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. hmZn-bn¬\n∂pw {]Xn-bn¬\n∂pw In´p∂ "Nmb' am{Xam-bn-cp∂p ]cn-K-W-\. henb Ip´n-Iƒ sNdnb Ip´n-I-tfmSv apjv°v ImWn-°p-∂Xv XS-bm\pw Ah-tcmSv s]mcp-Xm\pw F\n°v Xm¬∏-cyap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ AΩ-bmWv cmjv{So-b-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Fs∂ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ klm-bn-®-Xv. AΩbv°v Ft∂m-Sp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Aan-X-hm¬keyw A\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ AΩ-bn¬ henb am‰-ß-fp-≠m-°n. Rm≥ kvIqfn¬ Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw A—s‚ ASn-sIm-≈p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v AΩ Fs∂ c£n-®n-´p-≠v. Hcn-°¬ A—≥ ]co-£m-^okv AS-bv°m≥ X∂ ]Ww Rm≥ [q¿Ø-Sn-®p. ^okv AS-bv°m≥ Ign-™n-√. Rm≥ ho´n-te°v HmSn AΩ-tbmSv ]d-™p. BZyw AΩ Fs∂ hg°v ]d™p. F¶nepw Xs‚ B`-c-W-߃ ]W-bw-h®v F\n°v ]Ww -X∂p. A—-t\mSv H∂pw ]d-™-Xp-an-√. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-{]-th-i\ {]t£m-`-Im-eØv Hcp PmYm-]-cn]m-Sn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu PmY Rm≥ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ {Kma-Øn¬°qSn IS-∂p-t]m-bn. AXnse AwK-߃°v Fs‚ ho´n¬ Blmcw sImSp°-W-sa∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-®p. ]t£ A—\pw Afn-b\pw FXn-cmbn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXv sNøm≥ km[y-am-bn-√. Rm≥ hf-≠n-b¿am-tcmsSmØv AΩsb ImWm≥ t]mbn. AΩ Ahsc kzoI-cn-®p. Fs∂ ASp-Øp-hn-fn®v \nd-I-tÆmsS AΩ ]d™p: ""Ah¿°v Blmcw sImSp-°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXv Fs‚ Ip‰-a-√. Rm≥ \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-Wv.'' Rm≥ Pbn-en¬ t]mIp-∂Xv AΩ CjvS-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw AXv Fs‚ cmjv{Sob-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-sW∂v AΩ a\-knem-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AΩ ]d-bp-am-bn-cp∂p: ""Bdp-am-ksØ Pbn¬hmkw aXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ah≥ Fs∂ h∂p-I≠v c≠v Znhkw Ft∂m-sSmØv Ign-™t- ijw Pbn-en-te°v aS-ßn-bm¬ Rm≥ kwXr-]vX-bm-Ipw.'' Fs‚ hnh-c-߃ Adn-bm≥ AΩ ]Xn-hmbn ]{Xw hmbn-®n-cp∂p. Aßs\ cmjv{So-b-Im-cy-ß-fp-ambpw AΩbv°v A¬∏w ]cn-Nb-ap-≠m-Im-\n-S-bm-bn. F∂m¬ AΩ-bpsS G‰hpw henb cmjv{Sobw Ft∂m-Sp≈ hm¬k-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p. AΩ 68˛m-asØ hb-kn¬ acn-®p. bm{¥n-I-ambn Abn-Øhpw a‰v kmap-Zm-bn-I A-\m-Nm-c-ßfpw ioen-®p-t]m∂ Hcp kap-Zm-b-Ønse AwK-am-bn-cp∂p AΩ. {ItaW AΩ-bn¬ Hcp henb am‰w-h-∂p. Ab¬]°sØ Xoø-_m-enI ho´n¬ Ib-dp-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v Ah¿ Ah-km-\n-∏n-®p. Fs‚ `mcy kpioe ho´n¬ hcp-tºmƒ AΩ Ahsf kzoI-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\ Bbn-cn-°psa∂v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Rm≥ `b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]t£ AΩ-bpsS s]cp-am‰w Fs∂-t∏mepw AZv`p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. Fs‚ Ip´nsb ImWm≥ AΩ B{K-ln-®p. ]t£ B B{Klw km[n-°msX AΩ acn-®p-t]m-bn.

F sI tKm]m-e≥

9

AΩ acn-®Xv 1954˛se Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿˛sIm®n Xnc-s™-Sp∏p Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p. ssh°-Øp-\n∂v hfsc AI-se-bmWv At∏mƒ Rm≥ Xnc-s™-Sp∏p {]Nm-c-WØn-te¿s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. ]pe¿s® c≠v aWn°v AΩ acn-®-Xmbn t^m¨k-tμiw e`n-®p F∂p ]d-bm≥ Btcm Hcmƒ h∂p. F\n°v ho´n¬ FØm≥ Ign-™-Xv Cu hm¿Ø In´n hfsc kabw Ign-™m-Wv. AΩ-bpsS ac-W-Øn\v Hcp Znh-kw-apºv Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. AΩ Fs‚ ktlm-Z-cs\ hnfn-®p-]-d™p: ""tKm]m-e≥ Xnc-s™-Sp∏ns‚ Xnc-°n-em-Wv. Ahs\ ieyw-sN-ø≠. Fs‚ AkpJ-sØ∏‰n Ahs\ Adn-bn°-cp-Xv. Ah≥ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v ]Wn \S-Ø-s´. Rm≥ AΩ-bpsS ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw ho´n¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ CtX∏‰n Adn™p.'' Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS cmjv{So-b-t_m-[-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`nam-\w-sIm-≠p. ]t£ AΩ-tbm-S-p≈ Fs‚ ISa \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ignbm-Ø-Xn¬ Rm≥ ZpxJn-®p. Hcp cmjv{So-b-°m-c\v Fs¥√mw _≤∏m-Sp-Iƒ kln-°m-\p-≠v. Fs‚ AΩ Fs‚ cmjv{So-b-Po-hn-X-Ønse Hcp Bizm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ C∂pw Pohn-®n-cps∂-¶n¬.......

10

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

2

A[ym-]-I≥ s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ Fs‚ hnZym`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºp-Xs∂ F\n°v Xe-ti-cn-°-SpØ ]e Dƒ\m-Sp-I-fnepw Xma-kn-°m-\p≈ kμ¿`w e`n-®p. B ÿe-ß-fn-se√mwXs∂ hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw bphm-°fpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ "kmln-Xy-k-am-P-߃' cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw {]mam-Wn-Icmb {]kw-K-Isc sIm≠p-h∂v {]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw sIt¶-a-ambn hm¿jn-I-tbm-K-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Fs‚ ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ ssIsb-gpØpam-kn-I-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°m\pw F\n°v Ign-™p. CuhI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ C{X-sbms° apgp-Inbn-cp-s∂-¶nepw kvIqfn¬t]m°v \n¿Øm\pw s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-w Bcw-`n-°m\pw Rm≥ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ B{K-ln-®p. Fs‚ A—s‚ B{K-l-߃°v FXn-cmbn Rm≥ kvIqfn¬t]m°v \n¿Øn. ]t£ At±-l-Øns‚ kΩ¿Z-Øn\p hgn-s∏´v A[ym-]-I-tPmen Gs‰-Sp°m≥ Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. Rm\n-t∏mgpw Fs‚ hnZym¿Yn-Po-hn-X-Im-esØ Hcp kw`hw Hm¿°p∂p-≠v. bm°q_v lk\pw tKm]m-e-ta-t\m\pw am[-h≥\mbcpw a‰v tIm¨{Kkv t\Xm-°fpw Pbn-en¬\n∂v ]pd-Øp-h∂ DSs\ Xe-ticn kμ¿in-®p. P-\-߃ Ah¿°v Hcp hºn® kzoIcWw \¬In. Rm\pw Fs‚ ¢mkn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Nne Iq´p-Imcpw tN¿∂v ¢mkv \S-°p-tºmƒ anj≥ kvIqfn¬\n∂v Rß-fpsS Hme°p-S-bp-ambn ]pd-Øp-h∂v t\Xm-°-∑m¿ k©-cn-°p∂ hml\w hen®psIm≠p-t]m-bn. IS-∏p-dsØ tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. Cu Imcy-Øn¬ Rm≥ Dƒs∏sS GXm-\pw-t]sc A[ym-]-I¿ in£n-®p. Fs‚ `mhn-Po-hn-XsØ Hcp ]pXnb hgn-Øn-cn-hn-te°v Xncn-®p-hn-Sp∂-Xn¬ Cu kw`-h-Øn\v ]¶p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

F sI tKm]m-e≥

11

Rm≥ GI-tZiw Ggp-h¿jw ]Tn-∏n-®p. B tPmen F\n°v kt¥m-j-Zm-b-Ihpw Dt∑-j-I-chpam-bn-cp-∂p. If-¶-a‰ sNdnb Ip´nIƒ, Rm\-h-cp-sS-sb√mw c£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-sW∂ t_m[w, [mcmfw Hgn-hp-Zn-h-k-߃. s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ kμ¿`w, P\-ß-fpsS kvt\lm-Z-c-߃ B¿Pn-°m-\p≈ Hc-h-k-cw, I\Ø Pohn-Xt-- ¢iw ad°m\pw Ip´n-I-tfm-sSmØv Ifn-®p-Po-hn-°m-\p-ap≈ Hc-h-k-cw-˛-˛-CsX√mw Fs∂ aØp-]n-Sn-∏n-®p. Hcp A[ym-]-I\v P\-ß-fp-ambn CS]- g - I m\pw Ah- c psS Bh- i y- ß ƒ Is≠- Ø m\pw [mcmfw kμ¿`߃ In´p-∂p. Hcp \√ A[ym-]-I\v Xs‚ {Kma-Ønse P\ß-fpsS t\Xm-hm-Im≥ Ign-bpw. Rm≥ GI-tZiw c≠p-h¿jw s]c-f-ticn t_m¿Uv kvIqfnse A[ym- ] - I - \ mbn ]Wn- s b- S p- Ø p. Cu kv I qfnse slUv a m- à ¿ Fs‚ tPyjvT-\mb F sI i¶-c≥ \ºym-cm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Xs‚ iºfw apgp-h\pw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v \∑-sN-øm-\mbn sNe-h-gn®p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v Xs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp A[ym]-I\v Xs‚ P\-ß-fpsS t\Xm-hm-Im≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂v Rm≥ ]Tn-®p. s]c-f-ti-cn, at{Icn XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fnse CS-Ø-c°m¿ "a™-°p-∏m-b-°m¿' F∂ Hcp ]pXnb kwL-S-\-bn¬ HØptN¿∂p. Cu kwL-S-\-bpsS ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ tdmUp-Iƒ \∂m-°p-I, Ipf-߃ hrØn-bm-°p-I, kz¥w hf-∏n¬ Irjn-bm-cw-`n-°pI Chbm-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ tPyjvT≥ Cu kwL-S-\bv°v t\XrXzw \¬IpIbpw AXn-\p-th≠n [mcmfw ]Ww sNe-hm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±lw kmap-Zm-bnI A\o-Xn-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂ Nn∂p-hns‚ `mKyw t]mep≈ Nne \mS-I-߃ FgpXn cwK-Øv A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p. s]mXp-P\ tkh-\-Øns‚ lcnx{io Fs‚ tPyjvT-\mWv Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®-sX∂ hkvXpX F\n°v Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ km[y-a-√. tIm¨{Kkv {]t£m`w Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ At±lw IpSpw-_-`m-c-ßfm¬ hnj-an-°p-∂-Xmbpw FXn¿km-l-N-cy-ßsf t\cn-Sm≥ aSn-°p∂-Xmbpw ImW-s∏-´p. CXv Fßs\ Ah-km-\n-∏n°pw F∂v ZpxJtØmsS Rm≥ Nn¥n-®p. ]t£ F\n°v At±-l-Øns‚ am¿Kw am‰m≥ Ign- ™ n√. AXn- \ p- t h≠n \S- Ø nb {ia- ß ƒ°pw bmsXmcp ^ehpw I≠n-√. s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp at\m`m-hhpw BZy-t{]-c-Wbpw F\n°v At±-l-Øn¬\n-∂mWv In´n-b-Xv. CXn\v hf-sc-°mew apºp-ap-X¬Xs∂ At±lw Hcp JZ¿[m-cn-bmbn-cp-∂p. At±lw tlmwdqƒ {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. ]g-Ins∏m-Sn™ Hcp JZ¿ j¿´pw Hme-°p-S-bp-ambn At±lw kvIqfn¬hcp∂ ImgvN F\n°v hfsc DtØ- P Iambn- c p- ∂ p. 1931˛¬ tIm¨{Kkv hncp-≤-{]-Nm-cW ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v Bbn Xe-ticn Unhnj-\m-∏o-k¿ kvIqfns‚ Xmt°m¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ AXv hn´psIm-Sp-°m≥ At±lw hnkΩ-Xn-®Xv Fs∂-t∏m-ep≈ sNdp-∏-°msc Bth-iw-sIm≈n-®p. A∂v At±lw Hcp ISpØ {_n´ojv hntcm-[nbp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ kμ¿`-߃s°m-Øv D-b-cm-\p≈ Ign-hp-tI-SpsIm≠v At±lw Hcp Iayq-WnÃv hntcm-[nbpw ]n¥n-cn-∏-\p-ambn

12

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

amdn. temIw Fß-s\-bmWv amdp-∂-sX∂v a\-kn-em-°m\pw kz¥w ÿm]n-X-Xm¬∏-cy-ßsf FXn¿°m-\p-ap≈ Ign-hp-tI-Sp-Iƒ CXn\v Imc-W-am-bn. BZy-Im-eØv Km‘n-k-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-Ibpw hnπ-hIm-cn-Ifpw kztZ-i-kvt\-ln-I-fp-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvX Fs∂t∏m-ep≈ sNdp-∏-°msc At±-l-Øn\v kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-™-Xpt]m-se-Xs∂ ]n∂o-Sp≈ Ime-Øn-s\mØv apt∂m-´p-t]m-hp-Ibpw A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-Øns‚ XW-en¬ Ign-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ sNdp-∏-°msc ]n¥n-cn-∏-∑m-cmbn am‰m\pw At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™p. A[ym-]-\-Øn-\p≈ Fs‚ Xm¬∏cyw h¿[n-®p-h-∂p. ]W-Øn\p- t h≠n tPmen- s N- ø p∂ Hc- [ ym- ] - I - s \∂ \ne- b n¬\n∂v P\ßfpsS kplr-Ømbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Hc-[ym-]-I-\mbn Rm≥ amdn. t\cw ]pe-cp-tºmƒ apX¬ Hº-Xp-aWn hsc Rm≥ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS hoSp- I ƒ kμ¿in- ° p- I bpw Ah- c psS c£m- I ¿Øm°fp- a mbn kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]t£ ¢mkv Bcw-`n-t°≠ ka-b-ØpXs∂ Rm≥ kvIqfn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-°n´ D®-`-£-W-Øn-\ptijw Rm≥ ]nt∂m-°-amb Ip´n-Iƒ°mbn {]tXyIw ¢mkv \SØn. kmbm-”-߃ hnZym¿Yn-I-tfm-sSm-Øp≈ Ifn-Iƒ°pw Ah-[nZn-h-k-߃ s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Rm≥ am‰n-sh-®p. Fs‚ am\kn-I-\n-e-bn¬ amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ s]s´∂v Hcp hyXn-bm\w D≠mhpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v ASn-bpsS Znh-k-am-Wv. Rm≥ bmsXmcp Zb-bp-an-√msX Ip´n-Isf ASn-®n-cp-∂p. A∂v Fs‚ apJ-`mhw a\-knem°n Ip´n-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw ]dbpw: ""Xøm-dm-bn-cp-t∂m, C∂v tKm]me≥am-Ã-dpsS ASn-Zn-h-k-am-Wv.'' ]t£ Cu Znh-k-ß-fn¬ Ip´n-Itfm-sSmØv Ifn-°m≥ Rm≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. GXv Ip´n-sbbmWv Rm≥ IqSp-X¬ ASn-®Xv Ah-\v F-Xn-cm-bp≈ Soan¬ Rm≥ Ifn-®n-cp-∂p. B ]mhw Ip´n Nne-t∏mƒ ]¥v Fs‚ Imen\v t\sc ASn®v kzbw kwXr-]vXn-s∏-Spw. Rm\-h-cpsS kplrØpw klm-bnbp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \√ A[ym-]-I≥ F∂ t]cv kºm-Zn-°m≥ Rm≥ hfsc {ian-®n-cp-∂p. cmhpw ]Iepw Rm\v F-Xn-\mbn ]mSp-s]-´p. AXv ^en-®-Xn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am-\w-sIm-≈p-∂p. Hmtcm kvIqfpw hnSptºmƒ In´n-bn-cp∂ Biw-k-Ifpw kz¿W-am-e-Ifpw tamXn-c-ßfpw AXn\v km£n-bm-Wv. Hc-[ym-]-Is‚ PohnXw Hcp-Xcw s]mXp-P-\-tk-h-\-am-Wv. Hcp ]n¥n-cn-∏≥ A[ym-]-I\v Xs‚ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS C∂sØ hn\m-iI-c-amb hnZym-`ym-k-co-Xn-bpsS ]mh-I-fmbn am‰m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xpt]mse hnπ-h-Im-cn-bmb Hc-[ym-]-I\v \mfsØ ]uc-∑m-cm-bn-Øotc≠ Ip´n-I-fpsS a\-kn¬ cmPy-kvt\-lhpw kzmX-{¥yt_m[hpw ASn- ® - a ¿Ø- e n\pw kmaq- l y- A - \ o- X n- I ƒ°pw FXn- c mbn kacw sNøm-\p≈ ss[cyhpw i‡nbpw IS-Øn-hn-Sm\pw Ign-bpw. tae-[nIm-cn-I-tfm-Sp≈ A‘-amb hniz-kvX-Xbv°v \n¿_‘w ]nSn-°p-Ihgn Hc-[ym-]-I\v Xo¿®-bmbpw Xs‚ Iogn-ep≈ Ip´n-Isf _q¿jzmI-fmbn am‰m≥ Ign-bpw. Ah\v Ahsc C∂sØ hnZym-`ym-k-˛-kmº-Øn-I-˛-cm-jv{Sob Zpcn-X-ß-fn¬\n∂v cmPysØ c£n-°m-\p≈ ka-

F sI tKm]m-e≥

13

c-Ønse hoc-tbm-≤m-°-fm°n am‰m\pw Ign-bpw. A[ym-]-I-s\∂ \ne- b n¬ Rm≥ \S- Ø nb G‰hpw al- Ø mb tkh- \ w Fs‚ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ cmjv{So-b-t_m[w D≠m-°n-b-Xm-Wv. JZdpw Km‘nsØm-∏nbpw [cn® Ip´n-I-tfmSv F\n°v {]tXyI aa-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. tZio-b-Km\w ]mSp-Ibpw ]{Xw hmbn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ip´nIƒ°v Rm≥ ssIb-b®v am¿°v sImSp-Øp. Cu hnZy a\-kn-em°nb aS-b-∑m-cmb hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ ¢mknse ]mT-߃ ]Tn-°msX Fs∂ {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn JZ¿ [cn-°p-Ibpw Hcp sk‰v tZio-bKm- \ - ß ƒ ]Tn- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. Xo¿®- b mbpw Ch- c n¬ ]e hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw ]n∂oSv s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ apgp-In. ]t£ B ImeØv Hc-[ym-]-I\v CsXm∂pw sNøm-\p≈ A\phmZw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]´n-Wn-sIm≠v apc® Hcp lrZ-bw. \ncm-i-bn¬ apgp- I nb Hcm- fl m- h v , kz¥w D]- P o- h - \ - a m¿Kw t\Sm- \ p≈ Ignhns\t∏mepw Ahn-iz-kn-∏n-°p∂ ISpØ \n -lm-b-X-˛˛CXm-bncp∂p A∂sØ Ah-ÿ. A[ym-]\w sXmgn-en-√m-Ø-h-cpsS Ahkm-\sØ A`-b-ÿm-\-am-sW∂v A°m-eØv P\-߃ ]d-™n-cp∂p. Rms\mcp A[ym-]-I-\m-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ F\n°v e÷ tXm∂nbn-cp∂p. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Ønse A[ym-]-I¿ Ncn{Xw am‰n-sb-gp-Xn. Bflm-`n-am-\w, tZio-b-X, ss[cyw, s]mXp-P-\-tk-h\w XpS-ßn-b-hbpsS amXr-I-I-fmbn Ah¿ kzbw temI-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ sXfn-bn-®pI-gn-™n-cn°p-∂p. ]´nWn InS-°p-∂-h-cpw shdpw Aÿn-]-RvP-c-ßfm-b-h-cp-w B-sW-¶nepw ASn-a-Ø-Øn\v (AXv GXp-cq-]-Øn¬ {]Xy£-s∏-´mepw) FXn-cm-bp≈ ka-c-Øn¬ GXv XymKhpw kln-°m≥ X߃ k∂-≤-cm-sW∂v Ah¿ sXfn-bn-®p. Hcn-°¬ Rm≥ Hc-[ym]-I-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v hf-sc-tbsd A`nam-\-ap-≠v. \o≠ ka-c-ß-fnepw {]t£m-`ßfnepw IqSn C∂sØ A[ym-]-I≥ kzbw Bflm-`n-am-\hpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw Du¿P-kze-Xbpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cn°p∂p. P\-߃°v A¿[-]-´n-Wn-°m-c-\mb A[ym-]-I-t\mSv ]p—-am-Wv. Ah¿ A[ym-]-I-cpsS thjw, hn\bw, Iogvh-g-߃, \nμ-bpsS ap∂n-¬t∏m-ep-ap≈ £a XpS-ßn-b-hsb _e-lo-\-XbpsS e£-W-ß-fm-bn-´mWv IW-°m-°n-b-Xv. CXn\v am‰w-h-cp-Ø-W-sa∂v Rm≥ B{K-ln-®p. _qSvkpw Imep-dbpw C´v kvIqfn¬ t]mhpI, Znhkw c≠p {]mhiyw thjw amdpI, thjØnse ]pXnb ^mj-\p-Iƒ°v ]n≥t] HmSpI Ch-sb√mw A[ym-]I-cn¬ Nne¿°pt]mepw Hcp Xam-i-bmbn tXm∂n. A[ym-]-Isc ]p—n®ncp-∂-h-tcmSv Rm≥ X¿°n-°p-I ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Bhiyw h∂t∏mƒ A[ym-]-I-cpsS A`n-am-\-kw-c-£-W-Øn-\mbn ASn-°p-∂-Xn\p-t]mepw Rm≥ Hcp-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. s]c-f-ticn kvIqfn-\p-th≠n Hcp sI´nSw ]Wn-bm≥ P\-ßtfmSv B-h-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v t_m¿Uv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Hcp I¬∏\ Ab®p. 5000 cq] hne-h-cp∂ Hcp sI´nSw ]Wn-bm-\mbn kzbw XymK߃ A\p-jvTn® F sI i¶-c≥\-ºymsc klm-bn-®-Xn¬ F\n°v Hcp {][m\ ]¶p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \mS-I-߃ \S-Øp-I, i\n, Rmb¿

14

Fs‚ Pohn-X-IY

Znh-k-ß-fn¬ hnhn-[-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ Ifn-Iƒ \S-Øp-I, kvIqfn-\v Bhiy-amb XSnbpw I√pw Npa-°p-I-˛-˛-Rm≥ CsX√mw sNbvXp. CXv Ip´n-I-sfbpw _lp-P-\-ß-sfbpw D¬km-ln-∏n-®p. Rm≥ kvIqfn-\IØv Hcp A[ym-]-I\pw ]pdØv Hcp km[m-c-W]uc\pw Bbn-cp∂p. henb P≥an-bpsS a°ƒ°v CXv CjvS-s∏-´n-√. Ah-cpsS Ae°n-tØ® j¿´v ]e-t∏mgpw sNfn-bm-bn. Fs‚ {]hrØn Ah-cpsS Bflm-`n-am-\sØ sNmSn-∏n-®p. ]t£ P\-߃ Fs∂ Bflm¿Yambn kvt\ln-®p-Xp-S-ßn. CXn-\p-]p-d-sa Rm≥ ^pSv_mƒ, _m‰van‚≥ XpS-ßnb Ifn-Ifn¬ hfsc Xm¬∏-cy-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \√ Ifn-°m-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Rm≥ [mcmfw saU-ep-Iƒ t\Sn-. IÆq-cn-\-Sp-Øp≈ sNmΔmkvIqfn¬ tPmen sNøp-tºmƒ Rm≥ "t]mtØcn Ip™ºp' satΩm-dn-b¬ Sq¿W-sa‚ v kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. F\n°v B \m´nse P\ßsf I≠p-ap-´m\pw Ah-cpsS hnizmkw B¿Pn-°m\pw Ign-™p. CXv Fs‚ `mhn s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v henb klm-b-am-bn-. FXn¿I-£n-bp-ambn Ifn-°p-∂-Xn¬ am{X-a-√, Ifn-I-gn™v Ah-cp-ambn hg-°n-Sp-∂-Xnepw Rm≥ X¬∏-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ifn-bn¬ tXm‰m¬ DS-≥Xs∂ Hcp hg-°m-cw-`n-°pI F\n°v hfsc kt¥mj-I-c-amb Imcy-am-bn-cp-∂p. FXn¿I£n Hcp hn[-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ tXm¬∏n-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\w. hg-°n-Sm≥ kuI-cy-an-√mØ Ifn-Iƒ F\n-°n-jvS-ambn-cp-∂n√. F\n-°v Ah Poh-\n-√mØ Ft¥m Bbn-cp-∂p. 1924˛se ssh°w kXy- { Klw Fs∂ BI¿jn- ® p. Rm≥ A[ym-]-I-tPmen Dt]-£n®v kXy-{Kl hf-≠n-b-dm-Im-\m-{K-ln-®p. IΩn-‰n°v Rm≥ Hcp clky Fgp-Ø-b-®Xv Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-®p. F∂m¬ Fs‚ _‘p-°-fp-sSbpw kplr-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw FXn¿∏paqew F\n°v kXy-{K-l-Øn¬ tNcm≥ Ign-™n-√. ]pØ≥]p- c - b n¬ {ioam≥ Aºp- ° p- ´ n- b psS t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬ \S∂ Hcp ktlm-Z-c-kw-L-S-\-bp-ambn F\n°v ASpØ _‘-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ B kwLS\bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-a-fiew hnI-kn-∏n°m\pw F√m aX-ß-fnepw PmXn-bn-epw-s]-´-hsc AXn-epƒs∏-SpØm\pw {ian-®p. \mb-∑mcpw Xobcpw XΩn¬ IpSn-∏-I-Iƒ \S-∂ncp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. kmap-Zm-bnI sFIyw D≠m-°p-∂-Xn¬ ktlm-Z-c-kw-L-S-\bv°v {][m\ ]¶v hln-°m≥ Ign-™p. kpJ-an√m-Ø-h¿°v Hcp a©¬, ASn-b-¥-cm-h-iy-߃°p-th≠ s]t{Sm-amIvkp-Iƒ Ch-sb√mw k÷o-I-cn-°m≥ kwL-Øn\v Ign-™p. IqSmsX, kwLw AwK-߃°v ]Ww hmbv] sImSp-°p-Ibpw hg-°pIƒ°v am[yÿw hln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Rm≥ Hcp h¿jw tImgn- t °ms´ a{Z- k - Ø q¬ apl- Ω - Z ob kvIqfn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øp. Cu Ime-ØmWv Rm≥ ap…nw kapZmbhpambpw ap…nw IpSpw-_-ß-fp-ambpw kº¿°-Ønte¿s∏-´-Xv. A°m-eØv Db¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fnse hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ `qcn`m-Khpw apX-em-fn-am-cp-sSbpw [\-hm-≥am-cp-sSbpw a°-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

F sI tKm]m-e≥

15

ho´n¬ iey-sam-gn-hm-°m≥th≠n am{X-amWv c£m-I¿Øm-°ƒ Ahsc kvIqfn-te°v Ab-®-Xv. B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ kvIqfn¬ h∂Xv ]Tn°m-\m-bn-cp-∂n√; Ahsc Ab-®Xv AXn-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ipWvTn-]n-Sn®v BZy-Im-eØv Rm\-hsc ITn-\-ambn {]l-cn-®p. ]t£ amt\-P¿ AXv XS-™p. Ip´n-Isf _ew-{]-tbm-Kn®v ]Tn-∏n°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xn¬ Imcy-sam∂pw Cs√∂v At±lw Fs∂ Hm¿an-∏n-®p. Rm≥ Fs‚ \bw am‰n. Rm≥ Ip´n-I-fp-sS-IqsS Ifn-°m\pw kZy-I-fnepw BtLm- j - ß - f nepw ]s¶- S p- ° m\pw Ah- c psS hoSp- I - f n- t e°v t]mIm\pw Ah-cpsS kap-Zm-b-Ønse BNm-c-߃ ]Tn-°m\pw Bcw`n-®p. Rm\-h-cpsS hniz-kvX-kp-lr-Ømbn. aXvk-c-ßfpw \mS-Im-`n\-b-ßfpw \SØn Ah-cpsS kvt\lhpw hnizm-khpw B¿Pn-®tijw Rm\-h-tcmSv Ah-cpsS ]pkvX-I-߃ ]Tn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏´p. Rm\-h-cn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb am‰w hcp-Øn. \ºym¿am-ÿ AhcpsS Ahn- k v a - c - W o- b - \ mb A[ym- ] - I - \ m- b n- Ø o¿∂p. A\p- ` - h Øn¬\n-∂v, Nqc¬sIm-≠√ lrZ-bw-sIm-≠mWv ASn-t°-≠-sX∂v Rm≥ ]Tn-®p. A°m-eØv Rm≥ I≠p-ap-´n-b-h-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv IrjvW-∏-Wn°¿. At±lw ]n∂oSv tIm¨{K-knepw tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿´n-bnepw Fs‚ kJm-hm-bn-. A∂v At±lw Hcp A[ym-]I hnZym¿Yn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tImgn-t°ms´ P\-ß-fpsS kvac-W-bn¬ A\iz-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂ i¶-c-hm-cn-b-cpsS tlm´-en-emWv R߃ A∂v Xmakn-®-Xv. Hcp t\cw tNmdp-Æm≥ hcp∂ ]Xn-hp-Im¿ ap≥Iq-dmbn sImSpØ ]Ww-sIm≠v Acn hmßn® Hcp tlm´-em-bn-cp-∂p AXv. CXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ B tlm´-ens‚ Ahÿ Duln-°m≥ Ign-bpw. A[nIw Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv IrjvW-∏-Wn-°¿ s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø\-Ønepw tZio-b-kzm-X-{¥y-{]-ÿm-\-Ønepw G¿s∏-´p. At±lw s]m∂m\n Xmeq-°ns‚ \o≠p-In-S-°p∂ IS-tem-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Hc‰w apX¬ at‰-b-‰w-hsc Im¬\-S-bmbn k©-cn®v tIm¨{K-kns‚ ktμiw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzbw ]´n-Wn-In-S∂v tIm¨{K-kns‚ ASn-Ød ]mIp-Ibpw hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn{i-a-an-√mØ Cu tPmen A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX At±-lsØ tcmKn-bm-°p-Ibpw AIm-e-a-c-W-Øn\v CS-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. tIcf-Ønse s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°v At±-lsØ Hcn-°epw ad-°m≥ km[y-a-√. `mc-X-P-\-Xsb Cf-°n-hn-Sm≥ Ign-hp≈ Hcp ]≤Xn tIm¨{Kkv 1920˛¬ kzoI-cn-®p. 1921˛se Jnem-^Øv {]ÿm\w `mc-X-sam´p°v AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Cf°w krjvSn-®p. am∏n-f-e-lf Fs∂ tImcnØ-cn-∏n-®p. icn-bmb cmjv{So-b-t\-Xr-Xztam \btam ]cn-]m-Sntbm C√m- Ø - X m- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ nepw km{am- P y- X z- a ¿Z- \ - Ø n- s \- X n- c mbn bp≤w-sNbvX ap…nw ktlm-Z-c∑m-cpsS [oc-Ir-Xy-߃ Fs∂ Bthiw-sIm-≈n-®p. \mSns‚ F√m `mK-ß-fnepw bph-P\ kwL-S-\-Iƒ kzmX-{¥yØn-\p-th≠n ka-cw-sNbvX Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Dƒ\m-Sp-I-fn¬

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