IpμeX

kundalatha appu nedungadi novel pazhama series editor n santhosh kumar first chintha edition january 2013 second edition march 2013 third edition november 2021 typesetting info needs, kariyam published chintha publishers, thiruvananthapuram printed repro india ltd, mumbai cover black mole price rupees one hundred and eighty only

Rights reserved

hnX-cWw

tZim-`n-am\n _p°v lukv H O Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035 www.chinthapublishers.com [email protected] {_m©p-Iƒ slÕm-^okv {_m©v Ip∂p-Ipgn Hmh¿{_nUvPv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Be-∏p-g sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw a®n-߬ sebv≥ Xriq¿ sF Pn tdmUv tImgnt°m-Sv sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ tImgn-t°mSv F≥ Pn H bqWn-b≥ _n¬UnMv IÆq¿ sk≥{S¬ _kv sS¿an-\¬ tImwπIvkv Xmh-°c IÆq¿

CR - 3026 / 5664 ISBN - 978-93-82808-64-0

IpμeX t\mh¬ ]-ga : 4

1887

A∏p- s\-Sp-ßmSn t\mh¬ ]ga kocokv FUn-‰¿

F≥ kt¥mjv Ipam¿ ]T\w

C hn cma-Ir-jvW≥

Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035

hne:

180

{]km-[I - ° - p-dn∏v ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ ]Xn\©p t\mh-ep-I-fmWv "t\m-h¬ ]-g-a' F∂ t]cn¬ Nn¥- ]-ªntjgvkv ]p\x{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sImtfm-Wn-b¬ B[n-]-X-yhpw AXns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-Im-[n-\n-th-ihpw tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ krjvSn® BLm-X-ßfpw \n¿an-Xn-Ifpw Cu t\mh-epI-fn¬ hmbn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ D¬∏m-Z\ _‘-߃, B¨˛s]¨ _‘w, IpSpw-_-Po-hn-Xw, ssewKn-I-X, PmXn-h-y-h-ÿ, BNm-c-߃, Bcm-[\mcoXn-Iƒ, hmsam-gn-h-g-°-߃, kuμ-c-y-Z¿i\w,- cm-jv{So-b-t_m-[w, BJ-ym-\-k-{º-Zm-b-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw hni-Z-ambn N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-Sp∂ IrXn-I-fm-Wnh. sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kmwkv I m- c n- I - h - y - h - k mbw Fß- s \- b mWv Xt±- i ob P\- I ob kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsSta¬ ta¬ss° t\Sn-b-sX∂pw hnIvtSm-dn-b≥ kZmNm-c-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw sImtfm-Wn-b¬ B[p-\n-I-X-bp-sSbpw A®n¬ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kmwkvImcn-I˛kmaq-lnI Pohn-XsØ Fß-s\bmWv ]p\¿\n¿an-®-sX∂pw a\-kn-em-°m≥ Cu IrXn-Iƒ \sΩ klm-bn-°p∂XmWv. Gj-ym-‰nIv temI-ß-sf-sb√mw {]mIrX kaql-ß-fmbpw ]m›m-X-y-tem-IsØ kmwkvIm-c-Øns‚ t{kmX-kmbpw hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ ]m›m-X-y-bp‡n C∂pw {]_-e-ambn temI-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. A[n-\n-thiw F∂ lnwkm-fl-IX AXns‚ kl-P-amb hwio-bm-l-¥-tbmsS temI-Øn-\p-ta¬ \S-Øp∂ kwlmc-Xm-fi-hsØ {]iv\-h¬°-cn-t°≠ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ae-bmf kmln-X-y-Ønse Cu A]q¿h hk-¥-߃ ]p\¿hm-bn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv AX-ym-h-i-y-am-Wv. tIc-fob kaqlw Hcp B[p-\nI kaq-l-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXn\v A\n-hm-c-y-ambpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-

≠n-h∂ ]pXnb {]iv\-ß-sfbpw Cu t\mh-ep-Iƒ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ AtX-k-abwXs∂ \thm-∞m-\-Øn\v XncnsIm-fp-Ønb Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv Cu t\mh-ep-Iƒ cNn-°-s∏-´-Xv. {_m“-Wm-[n-]-X-y-Øn\pw PmXn-a¿Z-\-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cmb \thm-∞m\˛Iogmf Dbn¿∏p-I-sf km£-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-bmWv CXnse ]e IrXn-Ifpw. Cu ]pkvX-I-ßfpw Chsb°pdn-®p≈ ]T-\-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw kaml-cn®p \¬Inb F≥ kt¥mjv Ipam-dns‚ {iaw ae-bmf kmln-X-yN-cn-{X-Ønse Hcp henb kw`hambn R߃ Icp-Xp∂p. Cu IrXn-Iƒ ae-bmfn hmb\mkaq-l-Øn\p apºn¬ kkt¥mjw ka¿∏n-°p∂p. Nn¥ ]-ªn-tjgvkv

tIc-fob \thm-∞m-\Ø - ns‚ `qanI ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse ae-bmf t\mh-ep-Iƒ C∂v hmbn-°p-tºmƒ

c≠pXcw BJym-\-e-£y-ß-fmWv Xß-fpsS cN-\-I-sf-°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse ae-bmf t\mh-enÃp-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. A∏p-s\-Sp-ßm-Sn-sbbpw N¥p-ta-t\m-s\bpw t]mse-bp-≈-h¿ C„-P-\-ß-fpsS hnt\m-Z-Øn-\mbn t\mh-ep-Iƒ cNn®-t∏mƒ t]mtØcn Ip™-ºphpw tPmk^v aqfn-bnepw tkmt±-iym[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv Xß-fpsS cN-\-Iƒ F∂p Xpd-∂p-]-dbp-∂p-≠v. t\mh¬ cN-\bv°p ]n∂mse ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fmb c≠p [¿a-ß-sfbpw Iq´n-bn-W-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-sc-√mw Xs∂. t\mh¬ F∂ kmln-Xy-imJ C¥y≥ `mj-I-fn¬ cq]-s∏Sm\pw hf¿∂p-hn-I-kn-°m\pw Cu c≠p-L-S-I-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse ImcW-am-bn-´p-≠v. Hcp \q‰m-≠n\v C∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v B t\mh-ep-Iƒ hmbn°p-tºmƒ Ah tIhew hnt\m-Z-Øn-\p-a-∏pdw A°m-esØ Ncn-{X]-chpw cm{„o-bhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb hyh-lm-c-߃Iq-Sn-bmbn amdp-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v. C¥y≥ \thm-∞m-\-amWv BZy-Ime C¥y≥ t\mh-ep-Iƒ°v P∑w \¬In-b-sX∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ahsb kao-]n°p-∂Xv Ncn-{X-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. bqtdm-]y≥ t\mh-ep-I-fpsS tIh-em-\pI-c-W-amWv BZy-Ime C¥y≥ t\mh-ep-Iƒ F∂ hmZw AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ A{]-k-‡-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. t\mh-ep-Iƒ apt∂m-´p-sh-°p∂ B[p-\n-I-amb `mhp-I-Xzhpw A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-chpw sImtfm-Wn-b¬ hnZym-`ymkw e`n® C¥y≥ D]-cn-h¿K-Øn-\n-S-bn-se-¶nepw thtcm-Snbn-cp∂p F∂-Xns‚ i‡-amb sXfn-hp-IƒIq-Sn-bmWv Ah. AØcw A\p-`-h-]-cn-kcw {_n´ojv C¥y-bn¬ Fßs\ cq]-s∏-´p F∂-Xns‚

tcJ-IƒIq-Sn-bmbn kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse aebmf t\mh-ep-Iƒ amdp-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIc-fo-b-amb \thm-∞m-\-{i-a-ß-fpsS Hcp apt∂m-Sn-bmbn Cu t\mh-ep-Isf hmbns®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw. _wKmfn `mj-bn¬ ankn v ImX-do≥ l∂m ap√≥kv cNn® ^p¬tam\n Hm Icp-Wm¿ _n_-c-Wn\v dh. tPmk^v ]o‰v \n¿hln® ^p¬tam\n F∂pw tImcpW F∂pw t]cmb c≠p kv{XoI-fpsS IY (1858) hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-´-tXmsS Bcw-`n-°p∂p ae-bmf t\mhep-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw F∂p ]d-bmw. _wKmfn`mj-bn¬\n∂pw ae-bm-fh¬°-cn-°p-tºmƒ ae-bmf kaq-l-sØ-°qSn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp∂ Fgp-Ømbn AXv amdp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv 1894-¬ tIc-f-h¿a hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ hm≥enw _¿Kv _yqh-dpsS U®v t\mh-emb AIv_¿ Cw•o-jn¬\n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sN-bvXt∏mƒ C√msXt]mbXpw Cusbmcp KpW-am-Wv. Cßs\bmWv dh. tPm-k^v ]o‰v samgn-am‰w \n¿h-ln® ^p¬tam-\n-bp-sSbpw tImcpWbp-sS-bpw IY ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse ae-bmf t\mh-ep-IfpsS ka-{K-k-am-lm-c-amb t\mh¬ ]-g-a-bnse BZy-t\m-h-embn ]cnW-an-®-Xv. ]n ]n cho-{μs‚ Bap-J-]-T\w hnh¿Ø\ t\mh-ep-Iƒ `mjm-t\m-h-ep-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew hy‡-am-bn-Øs∂ hni-Z-am-°p-∂p-≠v. Cßs\ ^p¬tam-\n-bp-sSbpw tImcp-W-bp-sSbpw IY F∂ hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ XpS-ßp∂ ]Xn-\©v t\mh-ep-I-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv t\mh¬ ]-ga F∂ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ {]kn≤o-I-cn® ae-bmf t\mh-ep-I-fpsS Hcp ]mt°-Pn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂-Xv. t\mh-ens‚ cq]-L-S-\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ km{º-Zm-bnI ho£-W߃ C√m-Xmb ]pXnb Ime-Øv, t\mh-ens‚ kzcq-]-L-S-\-sb-°pdn-®p≈ A{]-k-‡-amb hnNm-c-߃°-∏p-dØv ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m≠nse ae-bmf t\mh-ep-Isf C∂p hmbn-°p-tºmƒ A°m-esØ Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw cq]-s∏-´-Xns‚ hy‡-amb Znim-t_m[w e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. H‰-sbm-‰-bmbn hmbn-°p∂Xnt\-°mƒ Hcp ka-{K-kam-lm-ca- mbn hmbn-°p-tºmƒ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw XpS¿® AXn¬ Is≠-Øm-\m-hpw. B[p-\nI tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚ cq]-s∏-Sepw AXns\ \nb-{¥n® hnhn[ i‡n-Ifpw LS-I-ß-fp-sa√mw Cu ka-{K-hm-b-\-bn¬ sXfn-bp-∂p≠v. Cu hmb-\bv°v klm-b-I-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmWv ChbpsS Bap-J-]-T-\-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. C°m-cy-ßsf√mw Hmtcm t\mh-en-s‚bpw BapJ ]T-\-߃ hfsc hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂p-≠v. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse t\mh-ep-I-fpsS ka{K-X-bmb t\mh¬ ]-ga ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn \ΩpsS kmlnXy

]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ s]mXp A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Hcp kwhmZw cq]-s∏-Spsa∂v Dd- ∏ p- ≠ v . A[n- \ n- t hiw/tZiob, taem- f ≥/Iogm- f ≥, kh¿W≥/Ah¿W≥, ]pcp-j≥/kv{Xo, B[p-\n-IX/]mc-ºcyw XpSßnb kwh¿K-߃ ]e {]Im-c-Øn¬ kwL¿-j-Øn-te¿-s∏-Sp∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ Cu t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ sXfn-bp-∂p-≠v. kv{Xo hnZym`ymkhpw kv{Xo kzmX-{¥yhpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ hnj-b-߃ aebm-fØn¬ BZy-ambn N¿® sNbvX am[y-ahpw Cu t\mh-ep-Iƒ Xs∂. Iogm-fcpsS DZv{K-Y-\hpw aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\hpw AS-°-ap≈ hnj-bßfpw Chsb kPo-h-am-°p-∂p. H∏w amdn-h-cp∂ temI-t_m-[hpw \oXn-\ym-b-{I-a-ßfpw kPo-h-amb N¿®-bm-hp-∂p. hr-Ønbpw shSn∏pw B[p-\n-I-amb IpSpw-_hpw hnZym-`ym-k-hp-sams° Dƒs∏-Sp∂ B[p\n-I-h¬°-cW {]{In-bbpw \nc-¥c kwhm-Z-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v. H∏w ]n¬°m-eØv tIc-fob \thm-∞m\ {]{In-bb - psS cq]o-Ic - W - Ø - nte-°v \bn® kml-N-cy-ßfpw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Cßs\ ]sØmºXmw \q‰m-≠ns\ kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn hmbn-°m-\p≈ anI® D]m[n-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv A°m-esØ t\mh-ep-I-fpsS ka-{K-X-bmb t\mh-¬ ]-ga F∂ Cu kam-lm-cw. Cu t\mh-ep-Iƒ°v hni-Z-amb Bap-J-]-T\w Xbm-dm-°n-Ø∂ hnin-„-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im¿°pw CØ-c-samcp ka-{K-X-bpsS {]k‡n a\-kn-em°n {]km-[\ - Ø - n\v ap≥ssI-sb-SpØ Nn¥ ]ªn-tj-gk v- n-\pw Rm≥ \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tIc-fob hmb-\m-k-aqlw ]sØmºXmw \q‰m-≠nse t\mh-ep-I-fpsS ka-{K-X-bmb t\mh¬ ]-g-asb kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂ {]Xym-i-tbm-sS. ]nen-t°mSv 04˛01-˛2013

F≥ kt¥m-jv Ip-am¿ t\mh¬ ]ga kocokv FUn-‰¿

10

Ipμ-eX A∏p- s\-Sp-ßmSn

Ipμ-eX A∏p -s\-Sp-ßmSn

11

]-T\w

XrjvWI - f - psS `q]-Sß - ƒ: tZisØ t\mh-en-te°p hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-tºmƒ C hn cma-Ir-jvW≥

C∂v Xncn™pt\m°ptºmƒ A¤pXIcsa∂p tXm∂p∂ Hcp Imcyw; 19˛-m-w\q‰m≠ns‚ DØcm¿[Øn¬ G‰hpw kzm`mhnIambn, C¥ybn¬ a‰p]teSØpw t]mse Xs∂, tIcfØnepw kw`hn°pIbmbncp∂p. ImhytI{μnXambncp∂ aebmfkmlnXyw KZyØns‚ \m\mXcw km[yXIsf km¿YIam°pIhgn kzbw \hoIcn®p. kmlnXyØns‚ \n¿hN\w Xs∂ amdn. ]pXnsbmcp kaql-cq]h¬°cWØns‚ BZyL´ßfneqsSbmWv C°mew IS∂pt]mbXv. `uXnIamb ]cnt{]£yØneqsS Ncn{XsØ t\m°n-°mWp∂ coXn \ap°v Cu kabØmWv Xpd∂pIn´nbXv. aX-tI{μn-Xamb ssaØnItemIhpw AXns‚ kabImeßfpw Aß-s\ kmt]£nIambn amdn. Ahbv ° ps≠∂v k¶¬∏n- ° - s ∏- ´ ncp∂ B[nImcnIX \„ambn. CXv k¶o¿Wamsbmcp kmaqly˛cm{„ob ]cnWma-Øns‚ `mKambmWv kw`hn°p∂Xv. ]mcºcyw Cu am‰sØ AS- b mf- s ∏SpØm≥ Ignbn√. ]eXcw A[nImc- t I{μ- ß - f psS, kmlnXy-hyhlmcßfpsS a[yÿXbneqsSbmWv am‰ßƒ ChnsS kw`hn°p∂Xv. A[n\nthiw, km{amPyXzw, tZiobX, B[p\n-IX, s]mXpafiew apXemb ]eXcw hyhlmcßfpambpw-- _‘-s∏SpØnthWw Cu am‰sØ a\knem°m≥. ]sØmºXmw-\q‰m≠ns‚ {]Xybimkv{X]camb k¶o¿WXIsf B¥cnI-h¬°-cn°p∂ kmlnXy-cq]sa∂\nebn¬ t\mh¬ Cu Ime-Øns‚ a\knte°p≈ {]thinIbmhp∂p. t\mhens‚ LS\bn¬Øs∂ {]Xyb-imkv{X]camb ap≥hn[nIƒ ASßnbn´p≠v. C¥ybnse FgpØpIm¿ Cu kmlnXycq]sØ

12

Ipμ-eX A∏p- s\-Sp-ßmSn

kzmwioIcn°m\pw hcpXnbnem°m\pw {ian® 19˛-m-w \q‰m≠n¬ FgpØpImc≥ ]dbm≥ {ian®Xpw t\mh¬ ]d™Xpw XΩn¬ s]mcpØt°SpIfp≠mbn. kmaqlycq]h¬°cWØns‚ `mKambn Db¿∂ph∂ s]mXpafieØns‚ Bhnjv I mcsa∂ \nebn¬ t\mh¬; kwt_m[\ sNbv X Xv apgph≥ kaqlsØbpamWv . IpμeX-bpsS H∂mw]Xn∏ns\gpXnb apJhpcbn¬ A∏p s\SpßmSn ""Cw•ojv ]cn⁄m\an√mØ _lpP\߃°pw, {]tXyIn®v ]nSn∏Xp ]Wnbn√mØXn\m¬ t\cw t]mImsX _p≤nap´p∂hcmb kv{XoIƒ°pw th≠nbp≈ tZmjclnXamb hnt\mZ''amWv Xs‚ IrXn e£yam°p∂sX∂v ]dbp∂p≠v . `mjman{inXßfpsS ka¿Yamb D]tbmKw ]ns∂ h∂ -CμpteJ-bnep≈t]mse -IpμeX-bnepw D≠v. cmaZmks\∂ `rXy≥ kwkmcn°ptºmƒ ""s]cpØv \t√mcmWtΩ Chcv..... a‰msc¶nepw ChnsS h∂m¬ Chcp≈ h¿Øam\w am{Xw ap≠nt∏mIcpXv'' F∂nßs\ BJym\w kwkmc`mjsb Dƒs°m≈m≥ {ian°p∂p. `mjm- h yXn- b m\ßfnhnsS AkaXz߃ \nd™ kaqlsØbmWv Ipdn-°p-∂Xv. thS¿°cNt\mSpw IpSpw_tØmSpw cmPIpamcnbpw cmPmhpw ImWn°p∂ HuZmcyw \nd™ ]cnKW\ Ah¿ ka∑mcs√∂ ImcyØn\v ASnhcbnSp∂p. ]t-£, CØcsamcp apJmapJØneqsS cmPIpSpw_Øns‚ "kz`mhalna' hnfw_cw sNøs∏Sptºmƒ BJym\w BcpsS ]£Øp\n∂mWv \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂sX∂v a\knemhpw. kmam\yP\ßsf A`nkwt_m[\sNøptºmgpw AhcpsS kzXzßsf ]sØmºXmw\q‰m≠nse C¥y≥ t\mhep-Iƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂n√ F∂ hkvXpXsb -IpμeX-bpw DZml-cn°p∂p. kam¥cambn h¿Øn°p∂- A\ytemIßsf∏‰nbp≈ t_m[amWv C°mesØ t\mhse∂ kmlnXycq]sØ hyXykvX-am°p∂Xv. A[n\nthiØns‚ cm{„obw kwkvImctemIsØ Iogvs∏SpØp∂Xv t\mhens‚ a[yÿXbneqsSbmWv. Cu A¿YØn¬ t\mh¬; B[p\nIXbpambp≈ A[n\nthikwkvImcØns‚ DSº-SnbmWv. Cw•ojv hnZym`ymkw C¥ybnse P\ßsf sacp°m\p≈ X{¥Øns‚ `mKambncp∂p. sImtfmWnb¬ `cWIqSØn\dnbm-ambncp∂p, Cw•ojv kmlnXyØns‚ ta[mhnXzw Dd∏phcpØp∂XneqsS C¥y≥ a\kpIƒ AXns‚ am{¥nIXbneIs∏Spw F∂v. A®Snsb∂ kmt¶XnIhnZybpsS ]n≥_ehpwIqSn Bbt∏mƒ Cw•o-jvt\mh¬ B[p\nIXbpsS bp‡n`{Zamb hm¿∏pcq]ambn hnfßn. A∏ps\SpßmSnsbt∏mep≈ C¥y≥ FgpØpIm¿ BIr„cm-Ip∂Xv ]m›mXy\thm∞m\aqeyßsf kzmwioIcn®, hy‡ntI{μnX-amb AhImißfpsS {]mXn\n[yw hln°p∂ ]pXnsbmcp `mh\bpsS amXrIbnemWv. AXv Ahcn¬ {]h¿Øn®Xv A`nemj-

Ipμ-eX A∏p -s\-Sp-ßmSn

13

ßfpsS, XrjvWIfpsS ]cºcIfp¬∏mZn®psIm≠mWv. A∏p-s\SpßmSn s]¨Ip´nIfpsS hnZym`ymkØn\pth≠nsbmcp hnZyme-bhpw B[p\nIcoXnbnep≈ ]WanS]mSpIƒ°p th≠nsbmcp _m¶pw s]mXpP\ßsf DZv _ p≤cm°m≥ tIcf]{XnI, tIcf- k ©mcn apXemb {]kn≤oIcWßfpw ]m¬ hnXcWØn\mbn £ochyhkmb°º\nbpw ÿm]n®p. CØcw ÿm]\߃°p kam¥cambmWv At±lØns‚ -IpμeX- F∂ t\mh¬ hcp∂Xv. Cu ÿm]\ß-ƒ°p s]mXphmbp≈ kmaqlnI˛cm{„ob A¥¿L-S-\-Xs∂bmWv -IpμeX-bpsS Bhn¿`mhØn\pw ImcWambXv. \Kck`m[y£\pw, h°oepw- hyhkmbnbpw- hnZym`ymk{]h¿Ø- I \pw{]km[I\pambncp∂ s\SpßmSn Htckabw A[n\n-thi-Øns‚ bp‡nIsf ]n≥]‰pIbpw- {]Xntcm[n°pIbpamWv sNbv X Xv . ""t\mh¬kv F∂ Cw•ojv IYIfpsS GsXms≠mcpam-Xn-cnbn¬'' aebmfØnsegpXptºmgpw CXmh¿Øn°p∂p. -IpμeX- IqSmsX At±lsagpXnbXv Hcp - ]mTame- BsW∂Xv A¿Y-hØmWv. IpμeX- Xs∂ hfscthKw ]mT]pkvXIambn AwKoIcn-°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp F∂pw Hm¿an°pI. ÿm]\h¬°cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ B[p\nIXbpsS I¿XrXzamWv s\SpßmSnbneqsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂Xv. Cu B[p\nIXbn¬ A[n\nthiØns‚ hnc¬∏mSp-I-fp≠v. AXns‚ {]tbmKØn¬ A[n\nthisØ∏‰nbp≈ Ah-t_m[ap≠v. {]Xybimkv{X]camb Hcp ]ncnb≥-tImWn ChnsS t_m[sØbpw AXns‚ {]Xn^e\sØbpw- B[p\nIXsbbpw AXns‚ BhnjvImcsØbpw _‘n∏n°p∂p. Htckabw htc-Wyhpw P\Iobhpambncn°pI AXns‚ \ntbmKamWv. B[nIfpw D¬°-WvTIfpw Gsd Dƒs°mt≈≠nh∂XpsIm≠mWv C¥y≥ t\mh-epIfpsS BZyImecq]߃ "sdmam≥kv' F∂ cq]Øns‚ km[yX-Ifneq∂nbXv. ]eXcw temIßsf XΩnenWt°≠nhcptºmƒ "lntÃmdn°¬ sdmam≥kv' (A¤pX]cm{Iaßfneq∂p∂ Ncn{XmJymbnI) {]tXyIn®pw {]k‡amhp∂p. kmaqly]cnjvImcßsf∏‰n \nc¥camb N¿®Iƒ \S°p∂ImeamWnXv. kv{XoIfpsS hnZym`ymkw, hnhml-{]mbw, PmXnaXt`ZßfpsS bp‡n, tZiobXbpsS {]k‡n, C¥y≥ ]mcºcyØns‚ khntijXIƒ, imkv { Xobkao]\Øns‚ Bhiyw F∂nßs\ ]e afießfpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy- ß fmWv C°meØv C¥ybnep- S \ofw, N¿®sNøs∏´Xv . Cub¿YØn¬ - I pμeX- F∂ t\mh¬ tIcfsØ C¥ybpsS `mKambn Xncn®dnbp∂ ]pXnsbmcpXcw tZiobI¿XrXzØns‚ ASbmfhpamWv. t\mhen¬ h¿Wn°s∏Sp∂ ÿe߃ tIcfØn\v ]pdØmhp∂Xv CXpsIm≠mWv. IenwKw, Ip¥fw, hnezm{Zn,

14

Ipμ-eX A∏p- s\-Sp-ßmSn

[¿a]pcn apXemb ÿet∏cpIfpsS [z\nIƒ AXoX-ImeØns‚sX∂t]mse a[yIme`mcXØns‚XpamWv . am‰ßƒ°pth≠nbp≈ D¬°Samb A`nemjamWv kmaqly]cnjvImc{iaßfnepw t\mh¬ cN\Ifnepw {]Xn^en®Xv F∂v ]dbptºmƒ "lntÃmdn°¬ sdmam≥kv' F∂ cq]w ]ndtIm´pw apt∂m´pw Htckabw Fßs\-- t\m°p∂p F∂pIqSn ]Tnt°≠Xp≠v. 1865 ¬ _¶nwN{μNm‰¿PnbpsS - Z p¿tKi\μn\n- ]pdØph∂tXmsS Xs∂ XpSßp∂p≠v lntÃmdn°¬ sdmam≥kns‚ ]pXnsbmcp BJym\]mcºcyw. -I]m¬Ipfie- (1866), -arWmfn\n- (1869) F∂o IrXnIfpw _¶nwN{μ CtX ]mcºcyØnemsWgpXnbXv. BJym-\ØneqsS shfns∏Sp∂ am{¥nI`mhßfp≈ ÿe߃˛˛tIm´Iƒ, cmPsIm´mc߃, ]¿hX߃, \ZnIƒ, bp≤°f߃, kap{ZXoc߃ apXembh˛˛CØcw IYIfn¬ Bh¿Øn®p hcpw. admØnbn¬ -ap‡ame- F∂ t\mhtemSpIqSn -A¤pXImZw_cnbpsS ]mcºcyw XpSßp∂p. Xan-gnse -{]Xm]apXenbm¿ NcnXw-, KpPdmØnse -Ic¨tLtem- apX-emb t\mhepIsfbpw ChnsStbm¿°mw. sImtfmWnb¬ B[p\n-I-XbpsS ]pcmhrØ߃°v A¤pXIYIfpsS ]cnthj-ap≈ BJym-\hpambn {]tXyIw Nm¿®bp≠mbn F∂mWv Cu DZmlcW-߃ Dd∏n®p ]dbp∂Xv. AXns\mcp ImcWw sImtfmWn-b¬ B[p-\nIXbpsS bp‡n- kzmwioIcn® tZiobXbpsS D`bkz`mh- a mWv . C¥ybpsS AXoX`qXImesØ Is≠Spt°-≠Xv AXns‚ Bhiyambncp∂p. Ncn{XØns‚ hyhlmc߃ C¥ybn¬ s]cpIp-∂Xv C°meØmWv. _¶nwN{μs‚ t\mhepIƒ a[yIme`mcX-Ncn{XsØbmWv {]tabam°nbXv. 1882 ¬ ]pdØph∂ -B\μ-aTn-se tI{μ_nμp 1773 ¬ \Ss∂mcp Iem]ambncp∂p. -B\μaTn-se Ncn{Xw tcJobamb ImeØns‚X√. kpZo]vXmIhncmPv _¶nwN{μsb∏‰nsbgpXnb ]T\Øn¬ bqtdm]y≥ Ncn{XImc∑m¿ C¥ybpsS Ncn{XsØ hymJym\n®Xv sImtfmWn-b¬ `cWØns‚ A\nhmcyXsb \ymboIcn°p∂-Xn\msW∂v ]dbp∂p≠v. CØcw A[n\nthimJym\ßsf {]Xntcm[n°p∂ XcØnep≈ FgpØmWv "lntÃmdn°¬ sdmam≥kn'¬ ImWpI. `mhnImeØ-neqsS Ncn{XsØ ImWptºmƒ, Ncn{XsØ ]pXnsbmcp h¿Øam\hpambn LSn∏n°m\pw AXneqsS AXns\ am‰nsbgp-Xm\pw Ig-nbpsa∂v _¶nwN{μsbt∏mep≈ FgpØpIm¿ Is≠Øn-b-Xmbn IhncmPv ka¿Yn°p∂p. k¥mƒIem]w ]pXnsbmcp `mhnsb k¶¬∏n°m\p≈ am[yaambnØocp∂p. XrjvWIsf kzX{¥-ambn hnlcn°m≥ A\phZn°p∂ Xpd pIƒ Cu t\mhepIfn¬ h¿Wn°s∏Sp∂ a[yIme `mcXØn¬ kpe`ambn Xpd∂pIn´p∂p. kmaqlybmYm¿-

Ipμ-eX A∏p -s\-Sp-ßmSn

15

Yyßsf CØcw t\mhepIƒ A`n-kwt_m[\sNøp∂Xv t\cn´√. A[n\nthikμ¿`Øns‚ kmaqly`mh\ Bhiys∏´Xv D—rwJeamb k©mcßfmWv. AXneqsS Ncn{XØn¬ C¥ys\gpØpImc≥ AhImihmZap∂-bn-°pIbmWv. CXp \ΩpsS ÿehpw Ncn{XhpamsW∂p ]dbm≥ D≈ sI¬∏v ChnsS BJym\Øn\v kn≤n°p∂p. Ncn{XsØ ]pXn- s bmcp {]XoImflI{Iahpambn _‘s∏SpØptºmƒ ]pXnb ]mT-߃ D≠mIp∂p. CØcw t\mhepIƒ kwkvIrX]mcºcyØnep≈ -ImZw_cnamXncnbp≈ BJym\ßfpsS XpS¿®Isfbpw Is≠Sp°p∂p≠v. IpμeX-bnse `mj "{]`ph¿Kkwt`mKkmlnXyamb aWn{]hmfØns‚ KZycq]Ønep≈ AhXmcamsW∂v' tPm¿Pv Ccpºbw A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p≠v. CXv icnbs√∂v ImWn°phm≥ t\mhens‚ GXv A[ymbØn¬\n∂pw DZmlcW߃ \ncØm≥ Ignbpw. `mjmcoXn°v "A`n\μ\obamb -B[p\nIXz'aps≠∂v ]d™ Fw]n- t]mfmWv k-XyØn\SpØv \n¬°p∂Xv. kwkvIrXØn-ep≈ A¤pX]cm{IaIYIfpsS ]mcºcysØ CØcw t\mhepIƒ D]Pohn°p∂p F∂p ]d™Xv A[n\nthikμ¿`Øn¬ tZiobXbpsS hyhlmcw AXoX`qXImeØns‚ km[yXIfn¬ \n∂v _rlZv BJym\߃ D¬∏mZn∏n°m≥ {ian°p∂p F∂ Imcyw FSpØpImWn°m\mWv. -IpμeX-bn¬ ImfnZmks\bpw DÆmbnhmcyscbpw FgpØ—s\bpw Hm¿an∏n°p∂ h¿W\Iƒ kmwkvImcnI-kzXzØns‚ ]p\¿\n¿anXn°pth≠ AkwkvIrX hn`h߃ kamlcn°pIbmWv. {]mtZinI hmsamgnhg°ßsf D]tbmKn°ptºmƒØs∂ s\SpßmSn almImhyßsfbpw htcWy- I rXnIsfbpw Xs‚ `mh\mhyhlmcØn¬ CW°nt®¿°p∂p. kmam\yP\ßsf tZisa∂ ]pXnb kmwkv I mcnI \n¿anXnbn- t e°p £Wn°pI- b m- b ncp∂p t\mhse∂ kmlnXycq]w sNbv X Xv . AXn\mbn Ah-cpsS Hm¿aIsf DW¿ØpI Bhiyambncp∂p. IpμeX-bn-eqsS shfn--s∏Sp∂ Xt]mh\hpw- \mbm´v˛bp≤cwK-ßfpwZqXpIfpw- \nKq-l\ßfpw Ahkm\ambnhcp∂ A`n⁄m\hpw ]gsbmcm-Jym-\sØ ]pXnb ImeØn¬ _‘n°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. ""tIcf-k{º-ZmbØn\v A\pkcn°mØ NneamXnc-nIfpw acymZIfpw'' IYbneps≠¶n¬ AXp hmb\°msc Atemkcs∏SpØcpsX∂v IcpXnbmWv A\ytZißfn¬ IY \S°p∂Xmbn Xm≥ k¶¬∏n-®sX∂v s\SpßmSn "apJhpc'bn¬ FgpXp∂p≠v. apcpKmc[ymb F∂ I∂Ut\mhenÃv Xm\mZyw Cw•ojvt\mhepIfnsem∂ns\ ]cn-`mjs∏SpØm\pt±in®t∏mƒ AXn¬ "lnμpacymZ'°v tbmPn-°mØ ]eXpap≈XpsIm≠v AXpths≠∂psh®psh∂pw ]pcmW-IYIfnsem∂ns\ t\mh¬cq]ØnsegpXm≥ hnNmcn®t∏mƒ