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(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company)

Vayu Education of India 2/25, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110 002

izfrKk Author: izsepan Copyright © Vayu Education of India ISBN: 978-93-86000-70-5 Published in 2019

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and or without permission of the publisher.

Published by: AN ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFIED COMPANY

VAYU EDUCATION OF INDIA

2/25, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110 002 Ph.: 91-11-43526600, 41564445 Fax: 91-11-41564440 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.veiindia.com

,d dk'kh ds vk;Z&eafnj esa iafMr vejukFk dk O;k[;ku gks jgk FkkA Jksrk yksx ea=keqXèk ls cSBs lqu jgs FksA çksiQslj nkuukFk us vkxs f[kld dj vius fe=k ckcw ve`rjk; ds dku esa dgkµ¶jVh gqbZ Lihp gSA¸ ve`rjk; Lihp lquus esa rYyhu FksA dqN tokc u fn;kA nkuukFk us fiQj dgkµ¶lkiQ jVh gqbZ ekywe gksrh gS] cSBuk O;FkZ gS! Vsful dk le; fudyk tk jgk gSA¸ ve`rjk; us fiQj Hkh dqN tokc u fn;kA ,d {k.k ds ckn nkuukFk us fiQj dgkµ¶HkkbZ] eSa rks tkrk gw¡A¸ ve`rjk; us fcuk mudh rjiQ ns[ks gh dgkµ¶tkb,A¸ nkuukFkµ¶rqe dc rd cSBs jgksxs\¸ ve`rjk;µ¶eSa rks lkjh Lihp lqu dj tkÅaxkA¸ nkuukFkµ¶cl] gks fujs cq¼w] vjs Lihp esa gS D;k\ jV dj lquk jgk gSA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶rks vki tkb, uA eSa vkidks jksdrk rks ughaA¸ nkuukFkµ¶vth ?kaVksa cksysxkA jkaM+ dk p[kkZ gS ;k Lihp gSA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶mag] lquus nksA D;k cd&cd dj jgs gks\ rqEgsa tkuk gks tkvks] eSa lkjh Lihp lqu dj gh vkÅaxkA¸ nkuukFkµ¶iNrkvksxsA vkt çsek Hkh [ksy esa vk,xhA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶rks rqe mlls esjh rjiQ ls {kek ekax ysukA¸ nkuukFkµ¶eq>s D;k xjt iM+h gS tks vkidh rjiQ ls {kek ekaxrk fiQ:aA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶vPNk u ekaxukA fdlh rjg fiaM Hkh NksM+ksA¸ nkuukFk bruh vklkuh ls NksM+us okys vkneh u FksA ?kM+h fudky dj ns[kh] igyw cnyk vkSj vejukFk dh vksj ns[kus yxsA mudk è;ku O;k[;ku ij ugha]

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iafMr th dh nkhA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶ogh tks rqEgsa ugha lw>hA¸ nkuukFkµ¶çsek lqusxh rks D;k dgsxh\¸ ve`rjk;µ¶[kq'k gksxhA de&ls&de] mls [kq'k gksuk pkfg,A vius fe=kksa dks drZO; ds vkxs flj >qdkrs ns[k dj dkSu [kq'k ugha gksrk\¸ nkuukFkµ¶vth tkvks Hkh] ckrsa cukrs gksA mls rqels fdruk çse gS] rqe [kwc tkurs gksA ;|fi vHkh fookg ugha gqvk] ysfdu lkjk 'kgj tkurk gS fd og rqEgkjh eaxsrj gSA lkspks] mls rqe fdruh ckj çse&i=k fy[k pqds gksA rhu lky ls og rqEgkjs uke ij cSBh gqbZ gSA Hkys vkneh] ,slk jRu rqEgsa lalkj esa vkSj dgka feysxk\ vxj rqeus mlls fookg u fd;k rks rqEgkjk thou u"V gks tk,xkA rqe drZO; ds uke ij tks pkgs djks ij mls vius ân; ls ugha fudky ldrsA¸ ve`rjk;µ¶;g eSa [kwc le> jgk gw¡ HkkbZ] ysfdu vc esjk eu dg jgk gS fd eq>s mlls fookg djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA iafMr vejukFk dh ckr esjs fny esa cSB xbZ gSA¸ nkuukFk us vejukFk dk uke vkrs gh ukd fldksM+ dj dgkµ¶D;k dguk gS] okg! jV dj ,d O;k[;ku ns fn;k vkSj rqe yV~Vw gks x,A og cspkjs lekt dh D;k [kkd O;oLFkk djsaxs\ ;g vPNk fl¼kar gS fd ftldh igyh L=kh ej xbZ gks] og foèkok ls fookg djs!¸ ve`rjk;µ¶U;k; rks ;gh dgrk gSA¸

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nkuukFkµ¶cl] rqEgkjs U;k;&iFk ij pyus gh ls rks lkjs lalkj dk m¼kj gks tk,xkA rqe vdsys dqN ugha dj ldrsA gka] uDdw cu ldrs gks!¸ ve`rjk; us nkuukFk dks lxoZ us=kksa ls ns[k dj dgkµ¶vkneh vdsyk Hkh cgqr dqN dj ldrk gSA vdsys vknfe;ksa us gh vkfn ls fopkjksa esa Økafr iSnk dh gSA vdsys vknfe;ksa ds ÑR;ksa ls lkjk bfrgkl Hkjk iM+k gSA xkSre cq¼ dkSu Fks\ og vdsyk vius fopkjksa dk çpkj djus fudyk Fkk vkSj mlds thou&dky gh esa vkèkh nqfu;k mlds pj.kksa ij flj j[k pqdh FkhA vdsys vknfe;ksa ls jk"Vªksa ds uke py jgs gSaA jk"Vªksa dk var gks x;kA vkt mudk fu'kku Hkh ckdh ugha] exj vdsys vknfe;ksa ds uke vHkh rd py jgs gSaA vki tkurs gSa fd IysVks ,d vej uke gS] ysfdu fdrus vkneh ,sls gSa tks ;g tkurs gSa fd og fdl ns'k dk jgusokyk FkkA eSa vdsyk dqN u dj ldwa] ;g nwljh ckr gSA cgqèkk lewg Hkh dqN ugha dj ldrkA lewg rks dHkh dqN ugha dj ldrk] ysfdu vdsyk vkneh dqN ugha dj ldrk] ;g eSa u ekuwaxkA¸ nkuukFk ljy LoHkko ds euq"; FksA thou ds ljyre ekxZ ij pyus gh esa og larq"V FksA fdlh fl¼kar ;k vkn'kZ ds fy, d"V lguk mUgksaus u lh[kk FkkA og ,d dkWyst esa vè;kid FksA nl cts dkWyst tkrsA ,d cts ykSV vkrsA ckdh lkjk fnu lSj&likVs vkSj galh&[ksy esa dkV nsrs FksA ve`rjk; fl¼karoknh vkneh FksµcM+s gh la;e'khyA dksbZ fu;e&fo#¼ dke u djrsA thou dk ln~O;; dSls gks] bldk mUgsa lnSo è;ku jgrk FkkA èkqu ds iDds vkneh FksA ,d ckj dksbZ fu'p; djds mls iwjk fd, fcuk u NksM+rs FksA odhy Fks] ij bl is'ks ls mUgsa çse u FkkA eqofDdyksa dh ckrsa lquus dh vis{kk fo}kuksa dh ewd ok.kh lquus esa mUgsa vfèkd vkuan vkrk FkkA cuk, gq, eqdnes Hkwy dj Hkh u ysrs FksA ysfdu ftl eqdnes dks ys ysrs] mlds fy, tku yM+k nsrs Fks] LoHkko ds n;kyq Fks] O;lu dksbZ Fkk ugha] èku lap; dh bPNk Hkh u Fkh] blfy, cgqr FkksM+s esgurkus esa jkth gks tkrs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd mUgsa eqdneksa esa gkj cgqr de gksrh FkhA mudh igyh 'kknh ml oDr gqbZ Fkh] tc og dkWyst esa ils dgha lq;ksX; oj fey tk,xkA¸ nkuukFk us frjLdkj&Hkko ls dgkµ¶D;k ckrsa djrs gksA rqe le>rs gks] çsek dksbZ cktkj dk lkSnk gS] th pkgk fy;k] th pkgk u fy;kA çse ,d cht gS] tks ,d ckj te dj fiQj cM+h eqf'dy ls m[kM+rk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks ty] çdk'k vkSj ok;q fcuk gh thou i;aZr thfor jgrk gSA çsek dsoy rqEgkjh eaxsrj ugha gS] og rqEgkjh çsfedk Hkh gSA ;g lwpuk mls feysxh rks mldk ân; HkXu gks tk,xkA dg ugha ldrk] mldh D;k n'kk gks tk,A rqe ml ij ?kksj vU;k; dj jgs gksA¸ ve`rjk; ,d {k.k ds fy, fopkj esa Mwc x,A vius fo"k; esa rks mUgsa dksbZ fpark u FkhA og vius ân; dks drZO; dh HksaV dj ldrs FksA bldk fu'p; gh dj fy;k FkkA ml euksO;Fkk dks lgus ds fy, og rS;kj Fks] ysfdu çsek dk D;k gky gksxk] bldk mUgsa è;ku u vk;k FkkA çsek fdruh fopkj'khy gS] ;g mUgsa ekywe FkkA muds lRlkgl dk lekpkj lqu dj og mudk frjLdkj u djsxhA og mudk vc vkSj Hkh lEeku djsxhA cksysµ¶vxj og mruh gh lân; gS] ftruk eSa le>rk gw¡] rks esjh çfrKk ij mls nq%[k u gksuk pkfg,A eq>s fo'okl gS fd mls lqu dj g"kZ gksxk] de&ls&de eq>s ,slh gh vk'kk gSA¸

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nkuukFk us eqag cuk dj dgkµ¶rqe le>rs gksxs fd cM+k eSnku ekj vk, gks vkSj tks lqusxk og iQwyksa dk gkj ys dj rqEgkjs xys esa Mkyus nkSM+sxk] ysfdu eSa rks ;gh le>rk gw¡ fd rqe iqjkus vkn'kksaZ dks Hkz"V dj jgs gksA rqe uke ij ejrs gks] lekpkj&i=kksa esa viuh ç'kalk ns[kuk pkgrs gks] cl vkSj dksbZ ckr ughaA uke dekus dk ;g lLrk uqL[kk gS] gjZ yxs u fiQVdjh] vkSj jax pks[kkA jef.k;ka uke dh bruh Hkw[kh ugha gksrhA çsek fdruh gh fopkj'khy gks] ysfdu ;g dHkh ilan u djsxh fd mldk ân; fdlh ozr ds gkFkksa pwj&pwj fd;k tk,A mldk thou nq%[ke; gks tk,xkA ve`rjk; dk edku vk x;kA VeVe #d x;kA ve`rjk; mrj dj vius dejs dh rjiQ pysA nkuukFk tjk nsj rd bartkj esa [kM+s jgs fd ;g eq>s cqykosa rks tkÅa] ij tc ve`rjk; us mudh rjiQ fiQj dj Hkh u ns[kk] rks mUgsa Hk; gqvk] esjh ckrksa ls dnkfpr bUgsa nq%[k gqvk gSA dejs ds }kj ij tk dj cksysµ¶D;ksa HkkbZ] eq>ls ukjkt gks x, D;k\¸ ve`rjk; us lty us=kksa ls ns[k dj dgkµ¶ugha nkuukFk] rqEgkjh ckrksa ls eSa dHkh ukjkt ugha gks ldrkA rqEgkjh f>M+fd;ksa esa Hkh og jl gS] tks nwljksa dh okg&okg esa ughaA eSa tkurk gw¡] rqeus bl le; tks dqN dgk gS] dsoy Lusg&Hkko ls dgk gSA fny esa rqe [kwc le>rs gks fd eSa uke dk Hkw[kk ugha gw¡] dqN dke djuk pkgrk gw¡A¸ nkuukFk us Lusg ls ve`rjk; dk gkFk idM+ fy;k vkSj cksysµ¶fiQj lksp yks] ,slk u gks ihNs iNrkuk iM+sA¸ ve`rjk; us dqlhZ ij cSBrs gq, dgkµ¶ugha HkkbZtku] eq>s iNrkuk u iM+sxkA bldk eq>s iw.kZ fo'okl gSA lp iwNks rks vkt eq>s ftruk vkuan fey jgk gS] mruk vkSj dHkh u feyk FkkA vkt dbZ eghuksa ds eukslaxzke ds ckn eSaus fot; ikbZA eq>s çsek ls ftruk çse gS] mlls dbZ xquk çse esjs ,d fe=k dks mlls gSA mUgksaus dHkh ml çse dks çdV ugha fd;k] ij eSa tkurk gw¡ fd muds ân; esa mlds çse dh Tokyk ngd jgh gSA eSa HkkX; dh fdruh pksVsa lg pqdk gw¡A mUgksaus vc rd ,d pksV Hkh ugha lghA og fujk'kk muds fy, ?kkrd gks tk,xhA¸ ;g ladsr fdldh vksj Fkk] nkuukFk ls fNik u jg ldkA tc ve`rjk; dh igyh L=kh thfor Fkh] mlh le; nkuukFk ls çsek ds fookg dh ckrphr gqbZ FkhA tc çsek dh cgu dk nsgkar gks x;k rks mlds firk ykyk cnjhçlkn us

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nkuukFk dh vksj ls eqag iQsj fy;kA nkuukFk fo|k] èku vkSj çfr"Bk fdlh ckr esa Hkh ve`rjk; dh cjkcjh u dj ldrs FksA lcls cM+h ckr ;g Fkh fd çsek Hkh ve`rjk; gh dh vksj >qdh gqbZ ekywe gksrh FkhA nkuukFk brus fujk'k gq, fd vkthou vfookfgr jgus dk fu'p; dj fy;kA nksuksa fe=kksa esa fdlh çdkj dk }s"k&Hkko u vk;kA nkuukFk ;ksa ns[kus esa rks fuR; çlUufpÙk jgrs Fks] ysfdu okLro esa og lalkj ls fojDr ls gks x, FksA mudk thou gh vkuan&foghu gks x;k FkkA ve`rjk; dks vius fç; fe=k dh vkarfjd O;Fkk ns[k&ns[k dj nq%[k gksrk FkkA og vius fpÙk dks bl ijh{kk ds fy, eghuksa ls rS;kj dj jgs FksA fdarq çsek&tSlh vuqie lqanjh dk R;kx djuk vklku u FkkA ,slh n'kk esa ve`rjk; dh ;s ckrsa lqu dj nkuukFk dk ân; vk'kk ls iqyfdr gks mBkA ftl vk'kk dks mUgksaus ân; dks phj dj fudky Mkyk Fkk] ftldh bl thou esa og dYiuk Hkh u dj ldrs Fks] ftldh vafre T;ksfr cgqr fnu gq, 'kkar gks pqdh Fkh] ogh vk'kk vkt muds eeZLFky dks papy djus yxhA blds lkFk gh ve`rjk; ds nsoksie R;kx us mUgsa o'khHkwr dj fy;kA og xnxn daB ls cksysµ¶D;k blhfy, rqeus vkt çfrKk dj Mkyh\ vxj og fe=k rqEgkjh bl mnkjrk ls ykHk mBk,] rks eSa dgw¡xk og fe=k ugha] 'k=kq gS vkSj ;gh D;k fu'p; gS fd bl n'kk esa çsek dk fookg rqEgkjs mlh fe=k ls gks\¸ ve`rjk; us fpafrr gks dj dgkµ¶gka] ;g 'kadk vo'; gks ldrh gS] ysfdu eq>s vk'kk gS fd esjs fe=k bl volj dks gkFk ls u tkus nsaxsA eSa mUgsa ,slk eanksRlkg ugha le>rkA¸ nkuukFk us frjLdkj dk Hkko èkkj.k djds dgkµ¶rqe mls bruk uhp le>uk pkgrs gks] rks le> yks] ysfdu eSa dgs nsrk gw¡ fd ;fn eSa ml fe=k dk Bhd vuqeku dj ldk gw¡] rks og vius cnys rqEgsa fujk'kk dh HksaV u gksus nsxkA¸ ;g dgrs gq, nkuukFk ckgj fudy vk, vkSj ve`rjk; }kj ij [kM+s] mUgsa jksdus dh bPNk gksus ij Hkh cqyk u ldsA

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nks bèkj nksuksa fe=kksa esa ckrsa gks jgh Fkha] mèkj ykyk cnjhçlkn ds ?kj esa ekre&lk Nk;k gqvk FkkA ykyk cnjhçlkn] mudh L=kh nsodh vkSj çsek] rhuksa cSBs fu'py us=kksa ls Hkwfe dh vksj rkd jgs Fks] ekuks taxy esa jkg Hkwy x, gksaA cM+h nsj ds ckn nsodh cksyhµ¶rqe tjk ve`rjk; ds ikl pys tkrsA¸ cnjhçlkn us vkifÙk ds Hkko ls dgkµ¶tk dj D;k d:a\¸ nsodhµ¶tk dj le>kvks&cq>kvks vkSj D;k djksxsA muls dgks] HkS;k] gekjk Mksaxk D;ksa e>èkkj esa Mqck, nsrs gksA rqe ?kj ds yM+ds gksA rqels gesa ,slh vk'kk u FkhA ns[kks dgrs D;k gSaA¸ cnjhçlknµ¶eSa muds ikl vc ugha tk ldrkA¸ nsodhµ¶vkf[kj D;ksa\ dksbZ gjt gS\¸ cnjhçlknµ¶vc rqels D;k crkÅaA tc eq>s muds fopkj ekywe gks x,] rks esjk muds ikl tkuk vuqfpr gh ugha] vieku dh ckr gSA vkf[kj fganw vkSj eqlyeku esa fopkjksa gh dk rks varj gSA euq"; esa fopkj gh lc dqN gSaA og foèkok&fookg ds leFkZd gSaA le>rs gSa] blls ns'k dk m¼kj gksxkA eSa le>rk gw¡] blls lkjk lekt u"V gks tk,xk] ge blls dgha vèkksxfr dks igqap tk,axs] fganqRo dk jgk&lgk fpÉ Hkh feV tk,xkA bl çfrKk us mUgsa gekjs lekt ls ckgj dj fn;kA vc gekjk muls dksbZ laidZ ugha jgkA¸ nsodh us bl vkifÙk dk egRo ugha le>kA cksyhµ¶;g rks dksbZ ckr ugha vkt vxj deykçlkn eqlyeku gks tk,] rks D;k ge mlds ikl vkuk&tkuk NksM+ nsaxs\ gels tgka rd gks ldsxk] ge mls le>k,axs vkSj mls lqiFk ij ykus dk mik; djsaxsA¸ nsodh ds bl rdZ ls cnjhçlkn dqN uje rks iM+s ysfdu viuk i{k u NksM+ ldsA cksysµ¶HkkbZ] eSa rks ve`rjk; ds ikl u tkÅaxkA rqe vxj lksprh gks fd le>kus ls og jkg ij vk tk,axs] rks cqyok yks ;k pyh tkvksA ysfdu eq>ls tkus dks u dgksA eSa mUgsa ns[k dj 'kk;n vkis ls ckgj gks tkÅaA dgks rks tkÅa\¸

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nsodhµ¶ugha] {kek dhft,A bl tkus ls u tkuk gh vPNkA eSa gh dy cqyok ywaxhA¸ cnjhçlknµ¶cqyokus dks cqyok yks] ysfdu ;g eSa dHkh ilan u d:axk fd rqe muds gkFk&iSj iM+ksA og vxj gels ,d vaxqy nwj gVsaxs] rks ge muls xt Hkj nwj gV tk,axsA çsek dks eSa muds xys yxkuk ugha pkgrkA mlds fy, ojksa dh deh ugha gSA¸ nsodhµ¶çsek mu yM+fd;ksa esa ugha fd rqe mldk fookg ftlds lkFk pkgks dj nksA tjk tk dj mldh n'kk ns[kks rks ekywe gksA tc ls ;g [kcj feyh gS] ,slk ekywe gksrk gS fd nsg esa çk.k gh ughaA vdsys Nr ij iM+h gqbZ jks jgh gSA¸ cnjhçlknµ¶vth] nl&ikap fnu esa Bhd gks tk,xhA¸ nsodhµ¶dkSu! eSa dgrh gw¡ fd og blh 'kksd esa jks&jks dj çk.k ns nsxhA rqe vHkh mls ugha tkursA¸ cnjhçlkn us >qa>yk dj dgkµ¶vxj og jks&jks dj ej tkuk pkgrh gS] rks ej tk, ysfdu eSa ve`rjk; dh [kq'kken djus u tkÅaxkA tks çk.kh foèkok&fookg tSls ?k`f.kr O;olk; esa gkFk Mkyrk gS] mlls esjk dksbZ lacaèk ugha gks ldrkA¸ cnjhçlkn ckgj pys x,A nsodh cM+s vleatl esa iM+ xbZA ifr ds LoHkko ls og ifjfpr Fkh] ysfdu mUgsa bruk fopkj&'kwU; u le>rh FkhA mls vk'kk Fkh fd ve`rjk; le>kus ls eku tk,axs] ysfdu muds ikl tk, dSlsA ifr ls jkj dSls eksy ysA lglk Åij ls çsek vk dj pkjikbZ ds ikl [kM+h gks xbZA vka[ksa yky gks xbZ FkhA nsodh us dgkµ¶jksvks er csVh] eSa dy mUgsa cqykÅaxhA esjh ckr og dHkh u VkysaxsA¸ çsek us flldrs gq, dgkµ¶ugha vEeka th] vkids iSjksa iM+rh gw¡] vki muls dqN u dfg,A mUgksaus gekjh cguksa dh gh [kkfrj rks ;g çfrKk dh gSA gekjs ;gka fdrus ,sls iq#"k gSa] tks bruh ohjrk fn[kk ldsa\ eSa bl 'kqHk dk;Z esa ckèkd u cuwaxhA¸ nsodh us foLe; ls çsek dh vksj ns[kk] yM+dh ;g D;k dg jgh gS] ;g mldh le> esa u vk;kA

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