Modern Day Management of

HEADACHE Questions and Answers

Modern Day Management of

HEADACHE Questions and Answers Editors K Ravishankar MD Consultant-in-charge The Headache and Migraine Clinic Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre Mumbai, India

Randolph W Evans MD Clinical Professor Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas, USA

Shuu-Jiun Wang MD Professor and Vice Director Neurological Institute Taipei Veterans General Hospital National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan

Foreword David W Dodick MD President, International Headache Society

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CONTRIBUTORS

EDITORS K Ravishankar MD Consultant-in-charge The Headache and Migraine Clinic Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre Mumbai, India

Randolph W Evans MD Clinical Professor Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas, USA

Shuu-Jiun Wang MD Professor and Vice Director Neurological Institute Taipei Veterans General Hospital National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Steven M Baskin PhD

Dawn C Buse PhD

Co-Director Department of Behavioral Medicine New England Institute for Neurology and Headache Stamford, Connecticut, USA Attending Psychologist Greenwich Hospital of Yale-New Haven Health Greenwich, Connecticut, USA

Associate Professor Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, USA

Roger K Cady MD Vice President Department of Neurology Alder Biopharmaceuticals Bothell, Washington, USA

Werner J Becker MD FRCPC Professor Emeritus Department of Clinical Neurosciences Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Andrew C Charles MD Professor Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, USA

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Modern Day Management of Headache: Questions and Answers

Shih-Pin Chen MD PhD

Deborah I Friedman MD MPH

Attending Neurologist and Associate Professor Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan

Professor Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA

Shuli Cheng MBBS Fellow, Department of Neurology Alfred Hospital and Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Prin Chitsantikul MD Neurologist Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Soo-Jin Cho MD PhD Professor Department of Neurology Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospitals Hwaseong, Republic of Korea

Min Kyung Chu MD PhD FAHS Professor Department of Neurology Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Seoul, Republic of Korea

Jong Ling Fuh MD Professor Department of Neurology Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan

Peter J Goadsby MD PhD Professor Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience King’s College London NIHR-Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College Hospital London, United Kingdom

Jihan A Grant MD Pain Medicine Fellow Department of Anesthesiology University of California Irvine Irvine, California, USA

Andrew D Hershey MD PhD FAHS

Professor Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, California, USA

Endowed Chair and Director of Neurology Professor Department of Pediatrics and Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Jeremy K Cutsforth-Gregory MD

Tzu-Chou Huang MD

Assistant Professor Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Neurologist Deputy President Livingwater Neurological Clinic Tainan, Taiwan

Robert P Cowan MD

Tobias Freilinger MD Consultant Neurologist and Research Group Leader Centre of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen Tuebingen, Germany

Elspeth J Hutton MBBS PhD FRACP Neurologist/Adjunct Lecturer Department of Neurology, Van Cleef Centre for Nervous Diseases The Alfred Hospital, Monash University Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Contributors

Rigmor H Jensen MD Dr Med Sci

Sarah L Miller BSc MRCP

Neurologist and Professor Neurological Clinic, Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital Glostrup, Denmark

Consultant Neurologist Headache Group National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, United Kingdom

Bahram Mokri MD Marielle Kabbouche MD FAHS Professor Department of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Joanne Kacperski MD FAHS Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Richard J Kim MD Assistant Professor Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine/Premier Health Specialists Clinical Neuroscience Institute Centerville, Ohio, USA

Richard B Lipton MD Professor Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, USA

Emeritus Professor Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Alexander D Nesbitt BM BCh MRCP Consultant Department of Neurology Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom

Barbara L Nye MD Co-Director of the Headache Center Department of Neurology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and Gisele School of Medicine Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA

Hope L O’Brien MD FAHS Associate Professor Department of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Kuan-Po Peng MD

Department of Neurology Jefferson Headache Center Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Attending Physician and Consultant Neurologist Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch Taoyuan, Taiwan

Manjit S Matharu MBChB PhD FRCP

Addie M Peretz MD

Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Neurologist, Headache Group UCL Institute of Neurology London, United Kingdom

Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Stanford University Palo Alto, California, USA

Michael J Marmura MD

VII

VIII

Modern Day Management of Headache: Questions and Answers

Scott W Powers PhD ABPP FAHS

Stephen D Silberstein MD FACP

Professor and CCRF Endowed Chair Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

Director and Professor Department of Neurology Jefferson Headache Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

R Allan Purdy MD FRCPC FACP FAHS

Neurology - Headache Specialist Department of Neurology Mt Elizabeth Novena Hospital Singapore

Professor Department of Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Alan M Rapoport MD Clinical Professor Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, California, USA

Matthew S Robbins MD FAHS FAAN Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Chief of Neurology, Jack D. Weiler Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center Director of Inpatient Services Montefiore Headache Center Associate Program Director, Neurology Residency Bronx, New York, USA

Charles Siow MBBCh BAO Dip ABPN

Richard J Stark MBBS FRACP Associate Professor Department of Neurology Alfred Hospital and Monash University Australia

Wenjing Tang MD PhD Neurologist and Physician Department of Neurology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China

Frederick R Taylor MD FAAN FAHS FAAN FAHS Clinical Professor Department of Neurology University of Minnesota School of Medicine Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Noah L Rosen MD FAHS FANA

Melanie N Truong DO OD

Associate Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell Health Great Neck, New York, USA Adjunct Assistant Professor Albert Einstein University Bronx, New York, USA

Resident Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA

Elliott A Schulman MD

Amy R Tso MD

Adjunct Clinical Professor Jefferson School of Medicine Lankenau Hospital Department of Neurology Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London NIHR-Wellcome Trust King’s Clinical Research Facility, King’s College Hospital London, United Kingdom

Nathaniel M Schuster MD Clinical Fellow, Interventional Pain Medicine Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Julio R Vieira MD MS Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, USA

Contributors

Sarah E Vollbracht MD

Shengyuan Yu MD PhD

Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, New York, USA

Professor Department of Neurology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China

Niushen Zhang MD Thomas N Ward MD Emeritus Professor Department of Neurology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

Yohannes W Woldeamanuel MD Instructor, Physician Scientist Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California, USA

William B Young MD Professor Department of Neurology Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Stanford University

Shuhan Zhu MD Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Boston University Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Kathleen Farmer PsyD Psychologist Private Practice Woodinville, Washington, USA Palo Alto, California, USA

IX

FOREWORD

Modern Day Management of Headache promises to bridge the gap between theory and practice with the most current information presented in a comprehensive cogent and intuitive question and answer format. Anyone who has ever had the good fortune of reading the works of or listening to the lectures from each of these authors will of course not be surprised that this book delivers on its promise. Their contributions to the field of headache medicine are enormous but most importantly, their clinical acumen and ability to simplify and effectively deliver knowledge that you can quickly integrate into your practice is what makes their teaching and this book compelling. In this volume, they also get by with a little help from their friends. The editors have called upon an eminent group of renowned experts from around the world to share their deep knowledge and expertise for the benefit of their readers. Headache is a ubiquitous symptom, a manifestation of morbid diseases, and a clinical feature of a host of primary neurological diseases. The diagnostic approach, therefore, to such a pervasive symptom with a plethora of underlying causes requires considerable clinical prowess—this book brings you several steps closer to refining that skill.

David W Dodick MD President, International Headache Society Chair, American Migraine Foundation Professor Director, Headache Program Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona, USA

PREFACE

There are already many excellent books on headache, one of the most common problems in medical practice. When another new book on headache is published, the reader is naturally curious to find out what is new or different compared to those already available. There has been great progress in the headache field over the last two decades that clinicians may not be familiar with. This book is an attempt to bridge the gap between theory and practice by focusing on some of the dilemmas in headache management. It employs an easily readable question and answer format to explore the nuances in the diagnosis and treatment of primary and secondary headaches. In every chapter, leading authorities from across the world share their perspectives on challenges faced in the practice of headache medicine. The topics covered will be useful for management of headaches worldwide. Uniquely, there is a chapter on “Headaches in Asia: How Are They Different?” that highlights the regional differences in headache disorders. This book targets the needs of the general neurologist, the headache specialist as well as the primary care physician. With the validation now of ‘Headache Medicine’ as a major neurologic subspecialty, it will also be useful to residents, postgraduates, and trainees. We thank our distinguished authors. We appreciate the support of the team from Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. We hope you enjoy reading this book as much as we did putting it together.

K Ravishankar Randolph W Evans Shuu-Jiun Wang

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dr Ravishankar would like to dedicate this book to the memory of his parents for their support and encouragement. He is grateful to his wife Brinda for her love, understanding, and for being the main driving force at every stage in his life. He thanks his daughter Nandini and son-in-law Sangeeth for their inputs and his little grand-daughter Sahana for being the joy of the family. He is indebted to his mentors late Dr Noshir Wadia and late Dr Ninan Mathew for their motivation and teaching. He would like to thank all the authors who responded with great spontaneity and the Publisher’s team for their cooperation. He would also like to mention the help of his office assistant Sanjay who kept track of all the mails and proofs as they went back and forth. Dr Evans is grateful for the love and support of his wife Marilyn, children Elliott, Rochelle, and Jonathan, and son-in-law, Corry. Dr Shuu-Jiun Wang would like to dedicate this book to his wife Jane-Jane and three children, Karen, Paul, and Vivian for their endless support for his career. He would also like to thank his colleagues in the Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University, and Taiwan Headache Society for their great help.