J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma Am{U H$ma^mar "nogm 1996' g§X^m©gh J. em§. n§{S>V

Grampanchayat Karbhar Ani Karbhari © G. S. Pandit

J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma Am{U H$ma^mar boIH$

: J. em§. n§{S>V

àW‘ Amd¥Îmr {Vgar Amd¥Îmr

: ’o$~w«dmar 2018 : OmZodmar 2021

‘wIn¥îR>>

: g§Xrn Xoenm§S>o

‘m§S>Ur

: gH$mi nwñVH$ àH$meZ {d^mJ

àH$meH$

: gH$mi ‘r{S>`m àm. {b. 595, ~wYdma noR>, nwUo - 411 002

ISBN

: 978-93-86204-87-5

g§nH©$

: 020-2440 5678/88888 49050



[email protected]

© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording, broadcasting, podcasting of any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission in writing form the writer or in accordance with the provisions of the Copy Right Act (1956) (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this book are those of the Authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Publishers.

Á`oð> {ejUVÁk d n§Mm`V amOMo Aä`mgH$-_mJ©Xe©H$ AmXaUr` H¡$. lr. _m. Vw. IwQ>dS> `m§À`m _mJ©Xe©Zm_wioM _cm n§Mm`V amO Aä`mgmMr àoaUm {_imcr, `m {df`mMr AmdS> {Z_m©U Pmcr. Ë`m§Zm ho nwñVH$ gmXa g_{n©V

àñVmdZm lr. J. em§. n§{S>V `m§Zr {b{hboë`m J«m‘n§Mm`V … H$ma^ma Am{U H$ma^mar `m nwñVH$mbm _r àñVmdZm {bhmdr Agm AmJ«h Ë`m§Zr _bm Ho$bm. n§{S>V `m§Zm ñdV:bm J«m_n§Mm`V d n§Mm`V g{_Vr g^mnVr åhUyZ AZw^d Amho. Vo n§Mm`Vrg§~§YrÀ`m {df`mMo à{ejUmMo H$m_XoIrb H$aV AmhoV. `m {df`mda Ë`m§Zr boI d nwñVHo$ {b{hbr AmhoV. `m gdmªVyZ `m {df`mMr Ë`m§Zm AgUmar AmñWm bjmV `oVo. Ë`m_wioM Ë`m§Mo ho boIZhr A{YH$ H$gXma d _m{hVrnyU© AgobM `mMr ImÌr dmQ>Vo. `m nwñVH$mMm g§nyU© ^a hm J«m_n§Mm`Vr Am{U bmoH$m§Mo h¸$ d O~m~Xmè`m `m§da Amho. Ë`m‘wio `m {Z{_ÎmmZo EHy$U J«m_ñdamÁ`mMm WmoS>mgm Ym§S>moim KoVbm nm{hOo Ago dmQ>Vo. gJù`mM _mZdr g_mOmnwT>o àJVrÀ`m EH$m Q>ßß`mZ§Va {dH$mg åhUOo H$m`? Vmo H$gm d H$emÀ`m AmYmao gmYm`Mm? Ë`mMo bm^YmaH$ H$go d H$moUr R>adm`Mo? ho d Ago AZoH$ àý Ho$ìhm Zm Ho$ìhm C^o R>mH$VmVM. {deofV: bmoH$emhr _mJm©Zo H$ma^ma H$aV AgVmZm {df_Voda AmYm[aV g_mOì`dñWoV ho àíZ CnpñWV H$aUmè`m§Mm AmdmO H$YrM H$m`_Mm XS>nyZ Q>mH$Vm `oV Zmhr. Aem àH$maÀ`m àíZm§Mo A§{V_ CÎma H$m`, ho R>m_nUo Hw$Umbm gm§JVm Ambo Zmhr, Var _mUyg åhUyZ OJÊ`mMm Z¡g{J©H$ h¸$, gÝ_mZmZo OJÊ`mMm _mZdr h¸$ Am{U XoemZo _mÝ` Ho$bobo ZmJar h¸$ Cn^moJÊ`mÀ`m ì`º$s d g_mOmÀ`m A{YH$mam~Ôb EH$ gmd©{ÌH$ gh_Vr Amho. Ë`mMm nm`m Amho bmoH$emhr _yë`o d Ë`mgmR>rMr gh^mJr H$m`©nÕVr. ^maVr` àXoemV n§Mm`VtZm _moR>m B{Vhmg Amho. JmdmMm H$ma^ma MmbdÊ`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ g§ñWm

àñVmdZm

5

doJdoJù`m ê$nmV `oWo ApñVËdmV hmoË`m. Ë`mH$mimVrb JaOm JmdH$è`m§À`m _XVrZo JmdmVM ^mJdUo, Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZ òmoVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ H$aUo, JmdmV V§Q>o-~IoSo> hmoD$ Z XoUo Aer H$m_o `m g§ñWm H$aV. JmdmMm H$ma^ma bmoH$M MmbdV AgV `mMm AW© Agm Zìho, H$s JmdmVrb gJio bmoH$ Ë`mH$mir gwImZo OJV hmoVo. `m JmdH|$Ðr g_mOì`dñWoV _w»`V: XmoZ Xmof hmoVo. EH$ åhUOo OmVr {df_Voda AmYm[aV ì`dñWm Am{U Xþgao åhUOo gm_m{OH$ OrdZmV {ó`m§Zm ñWmZ ZgUo. ho Xmof AgyZhr AZoH$ naH$s` AmH«$_Um§Zm Vm|S> XoV hr ì`dñWm {Q>Hy$Z am{hbr, H$maU nañnamdb§~r J«m_rU AW©ì`dñWm. Jm§YrOtZm dmQ>V hmoVo, ^maVmMr _yi g§ñH¥$Vr IoS>çm§Mr Amho. Oar Ë`mV Xmof Agbo Var Vo XþéñV H$aÊ`mOmoJo ZmhrV Ago ZmhrV. åhUyZM Vo amOH$s` ñdmV§Í`m~amo~aM J«m_ñdamÁ`mMr H$ënZm _m§S>V hmoVo. Ë`m§Mm à^md VËH$mbrZ ZoV¥Ëdmda Agbm Var OmVrÀ`m {df_Voda AmYm[aV ^maVr` g_mO_mZg bjmV KoVm Jmd nmVirdarb gÎmm \$º$ Cƒ OmVtÀ`m hmVr EH$dQ>ob, hr S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a `m§Zm dmQ>Umar ^rVr XoIrb {ZamYma ZìhVr. åhUyZM J«m_n§Mm`Vr hm {df` amÁ`m§À`m BÀN>oda gmondbm Jobm. ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoVrb _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdmVrb H$b_ 40 åhUVo "amÁ`gaH$maZo J«m_n§Mm`VrMr àñWmnZm H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mo hmVr ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ`mMo KQ>H$ åhUyZ H$m_ H$aÊ`mg Amdí`H$ Vo A{YH$ma d gyÌo ÚmdrV.' gZ 1992 ‘Ü`o amÁ`KQ>ZoVrb 73 ì`m XþéñVrZo n§Mm`V amO ì`dñWm gd© XoemV g_mZ nmVirdarb AmUyZ R>odbr. àW_M J«m_g^m§Zm KQ>ZmXÎm A{YH$ma _mÝ` H$aV {ó`m§gh d§{MV dJm©Mm gh^mJ AmajUmÀ`m VaVwXrZo AYmoaopIV Ho$bm Jobm. `m KQ>ZmXþéñVr H$m`ÚmZwgma AmVm n§Mm`V ì`dñWobm KQ>ZmË_H$ ñWmZ àmá Pmbo Amho. Voìhm n§Mm`VtZm H$ma^ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Vr eº$s, gmYZo CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo gaH$maMr O~m~Xmar ~Zbr Amho. dV©_mZ pñWVrV IoS>çmVrb bmoH$g§»`m H$_r hmoVo Amho d ehamVrb ~ogw_ma dmT>V OmVo Amho. eharH$aUmMm n[aUm_ AmOy~mOyÀ`m IoS>çm§da hmoVmo, AW©ì`dñWm ~XbVo, eoVrEodOr O{_ZrMm dmna {~JaeoVrgmR>r, Am{U J«m_rU g§gmYZm§Mm dmna ehao C^maUr d Ë`mÀ`m JaOm§À`m nyVugmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo. Aem n[apñWVrV J«m_n§Mm`VtZr JmdmMm {dH$mg H$aÊ`mMo AmìhmZ Ago nobm`Mo? ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV H§$nZrÀ`m {hVmÀ`m H$ma^mamgmR>r ì`dñWm {Z_m©U Ho$br Jobr. ì`mnmamgmR>r Amnë`m XoemV Amboë`m B©ñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZrZo BWo EH$ H|${ÐV d ì`mnH$ Aer àemgH$s` ì`dñWm éOdbr. Ë`mnydu AgUmar bhmZ bhmZ amÁ`m§Mr, Jmd JUamÁ`mMr ì`dñWm _moS>rV H$mT>V Z§Va {~«Q>re amOdQ>rV bm°S>© [anZÀ`m gwYmaUoÀ`m ê$nmZo àW_ gaH$mar ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm ApñVËdmV Amë`m. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ`mMo AZoH$ à`moJ Pmbobo {XgVmV. ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimV 1920 Vo 1940 À`m Xaå`mZ adtÐZmW Q>mJmoa `m§Mm lr{ZHo$VZ, _hmË‘m Jm§YtMm godmJ«m_ àH$ën, VgoM JwaJmd, _Ðmg, ~S>moXm `moOZm ho AgoM bmoH$gh^mJmMo H$mhr à`moJ hmoVo. Ë`mZ§Va ñdmV§Í`moÎma H$mimVhr gdm}X`mÀ`m H$ënZoVyZ H$mhr à`moJ gwê$ Pmbo. "n§Mm`V amO' Mr H$ënZm AZoH$ amÁ`m§Zr am~dÊ`mg gwédmV Ho$br Agbr Var AmOhr ho bmoH$gh^mJmMo à`moJ gwê$M AmhoV. gaH$mar nmVirda J«m_rU ^mJmV ZoV¥Ëd {dH$mgmVyZ JmdmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg KS>dyZ AmUUo ho C{Ôï> R>odyZ gZ 1952 ‘Ü`o g_wXm` {dH$mg H$m`©H«$_ gwê$ Pmbm. 6

J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma d H$ma^mar

n§Mm`V amO H$m`©H«$_ am~dÊ`mV _hmamï´> AJ«oga amÁ` _mZbo OmVo. amÁ`mÀ`m ñWmnZonmgyZ n§Mm`V amO g§H$ënZm _mÝ` H$ê$Z amÁ`mV J«m_n§Mm`V Am{U {Oëhm n[afX d n§Mm`V g{_Vr `mgmR>r XmoZ doJdoJio H$m`Xo Ho$bo Jobo AmhoV. `m H$m`ÚmZoXoIrb àm{V{Z{YH$ bmoH$emhrMr H$ënZm _mÝ` H$ê$Z àm¡T> _VXmam§Zr {ZdSy>Z {Xboë`m _`m©{XV A{YH$ma {Xbo. nÞmg - gmR>À`m XeH$mV {dZmo~m ^md|À`m ^yXmZ-J«m_XmZ Am§XmobZmVyZ 1965 ‘Ü`o J«m_XmZ H$m`Xm ApñVËdmV Ambm. `m H$m`ÚmZo à{V{ZYrnojm JmdH$è`m§Zm H|$ÐñWmZr R>odyZ Ë`m§À`m gëë`mZo d gh^mJmZo JmdH$ma^mamMr H$ënZm _m§S>br. amÁ`mV Ho$di 19 Jmdm§V J«m_XmZ _§S>imMm H$ma^ma gwê$ Amho. AmVm Zì`mZo Ë`mV _|T>mboIm `m JmdmMr ^a nS>br Amho. J«m_XmZmMm JmdmMm {ZU©` Pmbm Amho. nU gaH$mar A{YgyMZm Kmo{fV hmoÊ`mMr àVrjm JmdH$ar H$aV AmhoV. _mÌ gaH$mar {ZU©`mMr dmQ> Z nmhVm dZ h¸$ H$m`Xm, O¡d{d{dYVm H$m`Xm Am{U Am{Xdmgr ñdemgZ H$m`Xm `m§Mm AmYma KoV JmdmZo "Amnë`m JmdmV AmnUM gaH$ma' hr g§H$ënZm àË`jmV AmUbr Amho. Ë`m§Mo A{^Z§XZ H$amdo VodT>o WmoSo>. nwT>o gÎmaÀ`m XeH$mV O`àH$me Zmam`U `m§Zr Xoe^amVrb VéUm§Zm "g§nyU© H«$m§Vr'Mm H$m`©H«$_ {Xbm, Ë`mV Jmd gaH$maMr H$ënZm _m§S>br. amOH$s` gÎmmnmbQ> Pmbo Am{U Jmd gaH$ma H$ënZm _mJo nS>br. Ë`m§Zm A{^àoV AgUmao gÎmoMo {dH|$ÐrH$aU PmboM Zmhr. nwT>o amOrd Jm§YrÀ`m H$mimV gÎmoÀ`m {dH|$ÐrH$aUmMr MMm© nwÝhm OmoamV gwê$ Pmbr Am{U n§Mm`Vr amÁ`m§Zm _hÎd Amë`mgmaIo {Xgbo. H$maU "JmdmMr gÎmm JmdmÀ`m hmVmV' åhUV _moR>m JmOmdmOm H$aV H|$Ð gaH$maZo Odmha amoOJma `moOZmMm {ZYr WoQ> n§Mm`VtZm {Xbm Omo nydu amÁ`m_m\©$V {Xbm OmV hmoVm. ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va bmoH$emhr amÁ`ì`dñWm AmnU ñdrH$mabr. bmoH$m§Zr bmoH$m§gmR>r bmoH$m§H$adr Mmbdbobo amÁ` Aer gaYmonQ> ì`m»`m gm§JÊ`mV Ambr. nU bmoH$m§Mo Zdo bmoH$à{V{ZYr H$aV Agboë`m H$ma^mamV _VXmZmnbrH$So> bmoH$ Hw$R>oM ZmhrV Aer AdñWm d Ë`mVhr ga§Om_r dU© ì`dñWoMr nH$S> H$m`_ am{hbobr AmT>iVo. {ZdSy>Z {Xbobo à{V{ZYr Am{U nJmar ZmoH$aemhr `m XmoKm§nojm XoemVrb OZVm gdm}ƒ Amho. gd©g_mdoeH$ emídV Aem g_Vm{Yð>rV A{YH$manyVugmR>r, amÁ`H$ma^ma MmbdÊ`mgmR>r R>am{dH$ H$mimgmR>r {ZdSy>Z {Xbobo à{V{ZYr ho OZVoMo bmoH$godH$, {dídñV AgVmV. Voìhm Ë`m§Zr ñdV:Mo, ñdV:À`m njmMo {hVg§~§Y nmhÿZ Zìho, Va gd© OZVoÀ`m {hVmMm H$ma^ma H$aUo Ano{jV AgVo. ‘mÌ, àË`jmV Vgo KS>V Zmhr. åhUyZM bmoH$m§Zr Amnbr g§nyU© gÎmm à{V{ZYtH$So> gmondyZ Am{U nyU©nUo ZmoH$aemhrda Adb§~yZ ñdV: Xþ~io H$_Hw$dV ~Zdy Z`o. bmoH$emhrVrb _VXmZmMm A{YH$ma ~OmdUo OodT>o _hÎdmMo Amho, VodT>mM ZmJ[aH$m§Mm H¥$[Verb {ddoH$s gh^mJXoIrb _hÎdmMm Amho. AmO ApñVËdmV AgUmè`m n§Mm`V amO ì`dñWoV Amnë`mbm H$m_ H$am`Mo Amho, Voìhm AmOMo Ë`mMo ñdê$n, Ë`mMo _yi ñdê$n, Ë`mV hmoV Jobobo ~Xb, Ë`m_mJMr H$maUo d gaH$mar YmoaUo, hr dmQ>Mmb g_OyZ KoUoXoIrb Amnë`m X¡Z§{XZ H$m_m~amo~aM ^{dî`mÀ`m AmIUrgmR>r àñVmdZm

7

Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r ì`dñWoMr H$m`©nÕVr d gaH$maMr AmOMr YmoaUo g_OyZ ¿`m`bm ho nwñVH$ H$mhr A§er _XV H$ê$ eHo$b. nwñVH$mÀ`m _ZmoJVmV åhQ>ë`mà_mUo n§Mm`VrVrb bmoH$à{V{ZYr, àemgZmVrb A{YH$mar, H$_©Mmar VgoM JmdnmVirdarb ñd`§godH$, `wdH$ H$m`©H$V} `m§Zm {dH$mgà{H«$`oV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r H$m` H$aVm `oB©b `mMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMm CÔoe g_moa R>odyZ ho nwñVH$ {b{hbo Amho. n§Mm`V amO B{Vhmg, Am{Xdmgr ñdemgZ H$m`Xm d Ë`mMr Cn`wº$Vm, n§Mm`VrÀ`m {ZdS>UwH$m, _{hbm gXñ`m§Mr ^y{_H$m, bmoH$gh^mJ, _m{hVr A{YH$ma Aem àH$aUm§VyZ Ë`m§Zr gwì`dpñWV d AÚ`mdV g§H${bV _m{hVr dmMH$m§Zm XoÊ`mÀ`m à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. Zì`mZo J«m_n§Mm`V gXñ` ~Zboë`m VgoM `m {df`mMr _m{hVr H$ê$Z KoÊ`mMr BÀN>m AgUmè`m§gmR>r `m {bImUmMm Cn`moJ hmoD$ eHo$b. {dH|${ÐV bmoH$emhrÀ`m Ñï>rZo _hÎdmÀ`m AgUmè`m {df`m~m~VÀ`m {bImUm~Ôb lr. n§{S>V `m§Mo A{^Z§XZ d Ë`m§Zm ew^oÀN>m. - A°S>. gwaoIm Xidr "H¥$îUHw§$O', S>m°. amD$V _mJ©, {edmOr nmH©$, XmXa, _w§~B© 400028. g§nH©$ : 9821140104

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J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma d H$ma^mar

‘ZmoJV XoemMm {dH$mg KS>dm`Mm Agoc Va Ë`mMr gwédmV IoS>çm§nmgyZ H$am`cm hdr, ho _hmË_m Jm§YrOtMo EH$ ñdßZ hmoVo. Ë`mgmR>r gd© _yc^yV gmo`rgw{dYm§Zr n[anyU© Aer IoS>r {dH$mg à{H«$`oÀ`m doJmV _w»` àdmhmer OmoS>cr OmUo Amdí`H$ hmoVo. Am{U åhUyZM H|$Ð emgZmZo Jmd-IoS>çm§À`m {dH$mgmgmR>r "n§Mm`V amO' YmoaU Adb§{~bo. "Amnë`m JmdmV AmnUM gaH$ma' `m VÎdmZo J«m_n§Mm`VtZm J«m_{dH$mgmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moUmVyZ AZoH$ A{YH$ma ~hmb Ho$co. 73ì`m KQ>ZmXþéñVrZo `m "n§Mm`V amO' YmoaUmcm A{YH$ ~iH$Q>r {_imcr. Ë`m_wio J«m_g^m§Zm KQ>ZmË_H$ A{YH$ma àmá Pmco. Ë`mMm \$m`Xm KoD$Z AmO H$mhr J«m_rU d Am{Xdmgr Jmdo ñd`§emgZmÀ`m {XeoZo dmQ>Mmc H$ê$ cmJcr AmhoV. "{X„r, _w§~B©V Am_Mo gaH$ma Am{U Am_À`m JmdmV AmåhrM gaH$ma' hr KmofUm Amho, JS>{Mamocr {OëømVrc "_|T>mcoIm' `m chmZem Am{Xdmgr JmdmMr. JmdmÀ`m dZjoÌmda J«m_g^oMm H$m`Xoera h¸$ àmá H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m JmdmZo EH$OwQ>rZo d dZh¸$ H$m`Xm 2006À`m AmYmao {Xcocm cT>m Am{U Ë`mcm {_imcoco `e åhUOo J«m_ñdamÁ`mÀ`m qH$dm ñd`§emgZmÀ`m {XeoZo Q>mH$coco _hÎdmMo nmD$c åhUmdo cmJoc. ho à^mdr KmofdmŠ` "_|T>mcoIm'À`m Ñï>rZo H«$m§{VH$mar R>aco AmhoM; nU _hmamï´>mVrc BVa Jmdm§Zmhr Vo àoaUmXm`r R>aUmao Amho. {X„r, _w§~B©V Am_Mo gaH$ma Agco Var Am_À`m JmdmV AmåhrM gaH$ma ~ZVmo, VoìhmM Iè`m AWm©Zo Jmdmda {Z`§ÌU R>ody eHo$c, Ago gaH$ma ApñVËdmV `oVo. Am{U ho cjmV Amco H$s _J {VWyZM Iè`m ñd`§emgZmÀ`m {XeoZo nwT>o OmÊ`mMr à{H«$`m gwê$ hmoVo. 9



"Jmd gwYmaco Va Xoe gwYmaoc' `m g§V _h§Vm§À`m {dMmam§Mm J{^©VmW© cjmV KoD$Z gÜ`mÀ`m emgZmZo "ñ_mQ>© {gQ>r' à_mUoM "ñ_mQ>© pìhcoO'Mr g§H$ënZm nwT>o AmUcr Amho. "Am_M§ Jmd Am_Mm {dH$mg' `m `moOZoÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ {ZYrMm gw`mo½` dmna ìhmdm d JmdmVrc gd©M KQ>H$m§Zm `m {dH$mgà{H«$`oV gh^mJr hmoVm `mdo `mgmR>r "J«m_n§Mm`V {dH$mg AmamIS>m' V`ma H$aÊ`mMo YmoaU emgZmZo Adc§~co Amho, hr {ZpíMVM ñdmJVmh© ~m~ Amho. Ë`m_wio J«m_rU, Am{Xdmgr ^mJmÀ`m {dH$mgmcm nyaH$ dmVmdaU V`ma hmoB©c, `mV e§H$m Zmhr, na§Vw Ë`mgmR>r ñWm{ZH$ OZVm, emgZ d àemgZ `m§À`mV g_Ýd`mMr Am{U amOH$s` BÀN>meº$sMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho. n§Mm`Vr‘Ybo cmoH$à{V{ZYr, àemgZmVco A{YH$mar, H$_©Mmar VgoM JmdnmVirdarc ñd`§godH$, `wdH$ H$m`©H$V} BË`mXtZm Amnë`m JmdÀ`m {dH$mgà{H«$`oV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r Zo_Ho$ H$m` H$amdo cmJoc, H$moUË`m Jmoï>tMr _m{hVr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho; AmXr ~m~tMo _mJ©Xe©Z ìhmdo d ñd`§emgZmMr hr à{H«$`m g_OyZ KoVm `mdr `mgmR>rM `m nwñVH$mMo à`moOZ Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a emgZmÀ`m YmoaUm§V d n§Mm`VrÀ`m H$m`Úm_Ü`o Agcoë`m H$mhr ÌwQ>t_wio AmO H$moUVr AmìhmZo g_moa AmhoV d Ë`mVyZ H$moUË`m g§Yr CncãY hmoD$ eH$VmV `m§Mmhr {dMma `m nwñVH$mV Ho$cm Amho. `m{edm` _hmamï´> J«m_n§Mm`V H$m`ÚmVrc {Z`_, A{YH$mar-nXm{YH$mar, _{hcm à{V{ZYr AmXtMr H$V©ì`o-O~m~Xmè`m, {d{dY g^m§Mr _m{hVr, J«m_n§Mm`VrÀ`m CËnÞ d IMm©Mr _m{hVr, Jmd {dH$mg AmamIS>m, {dÎm Am`moJ AmXr Amdí`H$ _m{hVrXoIrc gmoß`m ^mfoV `m nwñVH$mVyZ Amnë`mcm {_iVo. gXaMo nwñVH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r _hmamï´> _mZd {dkmZ n[afXoÀ`m "hmH$mam' {Z`VH$m{cH$mVrc gm{hË`mMm d g§X^mªMm ~amM Cn`moJ Pmcm Amho. {edm` g§ñWoMo gd© {dídñV d _mPo ghH$mar `m§Mo ~hþ_moc ghH$m`© cm^co, VgoM gm¡. ñdmVr X§S>mao `m§Zr gXa nwñVH$mMo Q>m`qnJ H$ê$Z {Xco, Ë`m~Ôc _r `m gdmªMm AË`§V Am^mar Amho. `m nwñVH$mMr n{hbr Amd¥Îmr hmVmohmV g§nbr. Ë`m~Ôb gH$mi àH$meZ d dmMH$m§Mm `m nwñVH$mbm {‘imbobm ^aKmog à{VgmX H$maUr^yV Amho. H$mhr Aä`mgH$m§Zr d dmMH$m§Zr Ho$boë`m H$mhr gyMZm§Mr XIb `m gwYmarV {Vgè`m Amd¥Îmr‘Ü`o KooVbobr Amho. Ë`mgmR>r n§Mm`V joÌmVrb VÁk ‘mÝ`da lr. Ama. Q>r. {XKS>o `m§Mo ’$ma ‘mobmMo ghH$m`© Pmbo Amho. Ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§Mm ‘r Am^mar Amho. dmMH$ `m Amd¥Îmrbm n{hë`mgmaImM à{VgmX XoVrb Aer Amem Amho. Am{Xdmgt‘Yrb Á`oð> gm‘m{OH$ H$m`©H$Ë`m© A°S>. gwaoImVmB© Xidr `m§Zr `m nwñVH$mbm àñVmdZm {bhÿZ XoÊ`mMo ‘mÝ` Ho$bo Ë`m~Ôb Ë`m§Mm Am^mar Amho. "gH$mi àH$meZm'Zo `m nwñVH$mÀ`m àH$meZmMr V`mar XmIdcr, Ë`m~Ôc "_mg' g§ñWm d _r Ë`m§Mm AË`§V Am^mar Amho. - J. em§. n§{S>V g{Md, _hmamï´ _mZd {dkmZ n[afX XÿaÜdZr : 020-25884150 ^«_UÜdZr : 9423583637 B©_oc : [email protected]/[email protected]

10 J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma d H$ma^mar

A Zw H«$ _

_hmamîQ>´mVrc n§Mm`V amO … AmìhmZm§Mm {dMma ........................................... 13



"nogm 1996' - AWm©V Am{XdmgtMm ñd-emgZ H$m`Xm ................................. 21



"nogm' H$m`ÚmMr Cn`wŠVVm ............................................................... 35



"nogm' J«m_n§Mm`VtZm 5% WoQ> {ZYr `moOZm .............................................. 39



J«m_n§Mm`VrMr {ZdS>UyH$ .................................................................. 43



J«m_n§Mm`VrÀ`m _m{gH$ g^m ............................................................. 49



J«m_g^m - JmdmMr g§gX .................................................................. 57



J«m_n§Mm`V d J«m_g^m R>amd ............................................................. 67



_{hbm gXñ`m§Mr ^y{_H$m d O~m~Xmè`m ................................................. 70

J«m_n§Mm`VrMo H$ma^mar : H$V©ì`o, A{YH$ma d O~m~Xmè`m ............................. 73



J«m_n§Mm`VrMo A{YH$mar d H$_©Mmar : H$V©ì`o d O~m~Xmè`m .......................... 78



J«m_n§Mm`VrMo àemgH$s` A{YH$ma ...................................................... 81



"Am_M§ Jmd Am_Mm {dH$mg' .......................................................... 84



JmdmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg : bmoH$gh^mJ ‘hÎdmMm ..................................... 88



cmoH$gh^mJmH$[aVm {d{dY V§Ìo ......................................................... 93



J«m_n§Mm`VrMo CËnÞ d IMm©Mo A§XmOnÌH$ ............................................. 99



X¡Z§{XZ Am{W©H$ ì`dhma .................................................................. 107



J«m_n§Mm`VrMr _mb_Îmm .................................................................. 114



J«m_n§Mm`VrMo Xáa ........................................................................ 118



_m{hVrMm A{YH$ma ........................................................................ 121

11



n[a{eîQ>>o........................................................................... 124 Vo 170 1. J«m_n§Mm`VrÀ`m hÔrVrc {_iH$Vtda H$a AmH$maUr dgwcr d Zm|Xr 2. Ka ~m§YUr nadmZJr XoVmZm J«m_n§Mm`VrZo H$m` XúmVm ¿`mdr? _hmamï´> J«m. n§. A{Y. 1958 H$c_ 52 3. J«m_n§Mm`VrZo A{VH«$_U H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r H$m` H$amdo? _hmamï´> J«m n§. A{Y. 1958 H$c_ 53 4. Amnco gaH$ma godm H|$Ð 5. J«m_n§Mm`VrMo Am{W©H$ ì`dhmam§Mo Xáa 6. J«m_n§Mm`VrMr Jmd-{dH$mgmMr H$m_o (J«m_gyMr) 7. gan§M d Cngan§M nXmMr {ZdS> à{H«$`m 8. n§Mm`V g{‘Vr 9. {Oëhm n[afX 10. ZJa n§Mm`V 11. "ñ‘mQ>© J«m‘' `moOZm. n[a{eï> - A, n[a{eï> - ~ 12. ‘{hbm J«m‘g^m 13. J«m‘n§Mm`V H$‘©Mmè`m§Zm H$adgwbrÀ`m à‘mUmV {H$‘mZ doVZ AXm H$aUo~m~V... 14. gan§M ‘mZYZ d gXñ`m§Zm ~¡R>H$ ^Îmm 15. AZwgy{MV joÌmVrb (nogm) Jmd Kmo{fV H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘mJ©Xe©H$ gyMZm 16. nogm J«m‘g^m ‘mo{~bm`Pa `m§Mr O~m~Xmar d H$V©ì`o 17. JmdjoÌmVrb {Z{hV g§nÎmr, ~m§YH$m‘, A{VH«$‘Uo H$b‘ 51, 52, 53 18. nogm joÌm§VJ©V `oUmao ‘hmamï´>mVrb Am{Xdmgr ^mJ 19. gan§MmZo H$moUË`m H$m‘mgmR>r {H$Vr {ZYr IM© Ho$bm, ho H$go nmhmb ? 20. gan§M / Cngan§M amOrZm_m nÌ (Z_wZm) 21. A{dídmgmMm R>amd (Z_wZm) 22. _m{hVrMm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z`_, 2005 AÝd`o AO© g§X^© d Q>rnm ............................................................................. 1 71

12 J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma d H$ma^mar

_hmamï´>mVrc n§Mm`VamO AmìhmZm§Mm {dMma Jmd-g_yh emgZì`dñWm ^maV ho OJmVrc gdm©V _moR>o cmoH$emhr amï>´> _mZco OmV Agco Var g§gXr` qH$dm àm{V{Z{YH$ cmoH$emhrMr hr H$ënZm AJXr AcrH$S>Mr nmpíM_mË` {dMmam§nmgyZ KoVcocr Amho. ^maVmV g_yh emgZmMr qH$dm ñdemgZmMr H$ënZm \$ma nydunmgyZ ApñVËdmV hmoVr, `mMo nwamdo CncãY AmhoV. ^maVmV "Jmd JUamÁ`o' hmoVr d Vo Vo g_yh Amnë`m H$ma^mamMo {Z`§ÌU n§Mm§‘mm\©$V H$aV, `mMo C„oI H$mhr àmMrZ J«§Wm§‘Ü`o gmnS>VmV. ^maVr` IoS>çm§Mr eoVrAmYm[aV g_mOì`dñWm hr AmOÀ`m H$mimVhr {Q>Hy$Z Amho, ho g_yh emgZmÀ`m na§naoMo EH$ CXmhaU Amho. Ë`mdoiÀ`m J«m_g§ñWm AmXe© Zgë`m Var ñdm`Îm d ñdV§Ì hmoË`m, Ago åhUVmV. AZoH$ amOo Amco, gm_«mÁ`o {Z_m©U Pmcr d Vr c`mg Jocr, AmH«$_Uo Pmcr, ñWcm§Vao Pmcr;

nU `m Jmdn§Mm`Vr g_yhemgZmÀ`m ^¸$_ na§nao‘wio {Q>Hy$Z am{hë`m. {~«{Q>em§Mo dmgmh{VH$ YmoaU OJmda amÁ` H$aÊ`mÀ`m _hÎdmH$m§joZo nN>mS>coë`m d ì`mnmamÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo ^maVmV nm` amodcoë`m {~«[Q>em§Zr gw‘mao 150 dfmªÀ`m H$mcI§S>mV ñdm`Îm Jmd-g_yhmMr ì`dñWm CX²ÜdñV H$ê$Z Q>mH$cr. gÎmoMo H|$ÐrH$aU, EH$N>Ìr A§‘c d dgmhVdmXr YmoaU `m_wio Jmd-g_mOì`dñWoMr nm`m^yV aMZm {Ii{Iir Pmcr. gwédmVrcm {~«[Q>em§Mm ñdmWu hoVy cmoH$m§À`m cjmV Amcm Zmhr; ‘mÌ, 1857 À`m CR>mdmZ§Va hiyhiy OZVoÀ`m {~«[Q>em§Mo gm‘«mÁ`dmXr YmoaU cjmV `oD$ cmJco. 1885‘Ü`o "H$m°J«og' nmQ>uÀ`m N>ÌmImcr EH$Ì `oD$Z H$mhr g_mOYwarUm§Zr {~«[Q>e-{damoYr Am§XmocZo Mmcy R>odcr; na§Vw Ë`mcm Iao ~i 13

{_imco 1920 ‘Ü`o, _hmË_m Jm§YtÀ`m ZoV¥ÎdmZo. 1947 ‘Ü`o ^maV Xoe ñdV§Ì Pmcm. ñdmV§Í`mZ§VaMr n[apñWVr _hmË_m Jm§YtZm ^maV Xoe hm chmZ-chmZ IoS>çm§Mm (Jmd-JUamÁ`m§Mm) ~Zcocm Amho, `mMo AMyH$ ^mZ hmoVo. IoS>r gwYmacr Va Xoe g§nÞ hmoB©c, `mda Ë`m§Mm {dídmg hmoVm. åhUyZM Ë`m§Zr ^maVr` amÁ`KQ>ZoV "J«m_ñdamÁ`' g§H$ënZocm ñWmZ {_imdo, Agm AmJ«h Yacm. ‘mÌ ñdmV§Í`, g_Vm, ~§Yw^md d Ý`m` `m Mma gyÌm§Mm Am{U cmoH$emhr àOmgÎmmH$mMm nwañH$ma H$aUmè`m amÁ`KQ>ZoV "J«m_ñdamÁ`mcm (n§Mm`VamOcm)' Ho$di EH$ _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎd `mncrH$S>o ñWmZ {_imco Zmhr. WmoS>Š`mV, "ñdemgZmMr ì`dñWm' H$YrH$mir ^maVmV hmoVr, hohr Ë`mVyZ à{Vq~{~V hmoV ZìhVo. åhUyZM nwT>o KQ>ZmXþéñVr H$aUo ^mJ nS>co. "n§Mm`VamO' nÕVr Amnë`m XoemMr amÁ`KQ>Zm åhUOo Amnë`m XoemMm gdm©V _moR>m H$m`Xm Amho. `m H$m`Úm_Ü`o Oo Oo Z_yX Ho$bo Amho, Ë`mZwgma Amnë`m XoemVrb gd© ZmJ[aH$m§Zm dmJmdoM bmJVo. A{YH$mar, Am_Xma, ImgXma Am{U _§Ìr ho Amnë`m XoemVrb ZmJ[aH$m§‘YyZM {ZdS>bo OmVmV åhUyZ Ë`m§Zmhr Vo {Z`_ bmJy AmhoV. 1950nmgyZ AmOn`ªV Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho, H$s KQ>ZoVrb EImXm {Z`_ AnyU© AgVmo åhUyZ Ë`mV ~Xb H$amdm bmJVmo, EImXm {Z`_ H$mb~mø Agë`mZo Vmo Jmibm bmJVmo; Va EImXm {Z`_ Zì`mZo V`ma H$ê$Z KQ>ZoV g_m{dï> H$amdm bmJVmo. KQ>ZoV Agm ~Xb H$aÊ`mbm "KQ>ZmXþéñVr' Ago åhUVmV. Ago 14 J«m‘n§Mm`V H$ma^ma d H$ma^mar

A{YH$ma XoemÀ`m bmoH$g^oÀ`m d amÁ`g^oÀ`m ImgXmam§Zm Amho. 1950nmgyZ 1992n`ªV Aem 72 KQ>ZmXþéñË`m Pmë`m hmoË`m, Am{U 22 {S>g|~a 1992 amoOr 73dr KQ>ZmXþéñVr Ho$br Jobr. KQ>ZoZo XoemMm H$ma^ma H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma XoemÀ`m gaH$mabm {Xbm Amho. Amnbm Xoe \$ma _moR>m Agë`mZo Ë`mMr N>moQ>r-_moR>r amÁ`o Ho$br AmhoV. `m amÁ`m§Mm H$ma^ma H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma amÁ`m§À`m gaH$mam§Zm {Xbm Amho. na§Vw amÁ`o _moR>r AgyZ Ë`m§V AZoH$ {Oëho, AZoH$ VmbwHo$ Am{U AZoH$ IoS>r AmhoV. VgoM àË`oH$ {OëømV, VmbwŠ`mV Am{U IoS>çmV doJdoJir n[apñWVr Amho. àË`oH$ {OëømMm H$ma^ma Ë`m {OëømVrb bmoH$m§H$S>o, VmbwŠ`mMm H$ma^ma VmbwŠ`mVrb bmoH$m§H$S>o Am{U IoS>çmMm H$ma^ma IoS>çmVrb bmoH$m§H$S>o {Xbm Amho, H$ma^mamÀ`m `m Zì`m nÕVrbm "n§Mm`VamO' Ago åhUVmV. 73 dr KQ>ZmXwéñVr B§{Xam Jm§Yr§À`m AmH$pñ‘H$ {ZYZmZ§Va AZno{jVnUo amOrd Jm§Yr ^maVmMo n§VàYmZ Pmco. Vo {dkmZ-V§ÌkmZmMo nwañH$V} hmoVo. Ë`m§Zr nXmMr Ywam gm§^mië`mZ§Va XoemMm gdmªJrU Aä`mg Ho$cm. Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Zm OmUdbo, H$s Amncm Xoe cmImo IoS>çm§Mm AgyZ Ë`m§Mm H$ma^ma n§Mm`Vt_m\©$VM MmcVmo; na§Vw `m n§Mm`Vtda H$mhr R>am{dH$ g_mOm§MoM àm~ë` AgyZ _{hcm d BVa _mJmg OmVr-O_mVtZm Ë`mV H$mhrM ñWmZ Zmhr. `mMr H$maUo emoYcr AgVm amÁ`KQ>ZoÀ`m 40ì`m _mJ©Xe©H$ VÎdmV Ë`mMr _oI Agë`mMo amOH$s` {dícofH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m bjmV AmUyZ {Xbo.

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