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appeal

Humble appeal to all Hon’ble Members of Indian Parliament, Members of State Legislatures and Chief Ministers of Indian States It is seventy years since the State of Sindh was lost to India, creating a huge diasporic community of Sindhis that had to leave the land of their forefathers forever. Scholars recognize that our Ancient Books of Knowledge and Science, the Vedas, and Sindhu Civilization which flourished in the Indus Valley, were contemporaries dating back some 5,000 years and the Civilization played a central role in the formation of the great and noble culture of India. We, Sindhis, have lost our land, but the irreparable tragedy has strengthened our resolve to progress. The incredible resilience and enterprise of the community around the globe have made us smilingly and willingly contribute to the economic and social developments of our India, especially in the fields of healthcare and education. One thing that causes serious concern to us is that Sindhi language, literature and the rich heritage of Indus Valley, which were bright and beautiful flowers in the garland of world cultures, are in a serious state of neglect and there is an urgent need to revive and preserve them. The revival cannot take place unless there is support and commitment from right thinking politicians of India. Kindly go through the Chapter No. 31 “Our Peaceful Charter of Demands’. We are not asking for any piece of land, but are seeking political commitment to the revival of the ancient Sindhi culture. If one member of the Parliament or State Legislature or one Chief Minister of an Indian State who has sympathetic view for the Sindhi Community accepts our demand and makes a start, it will have a tremendous catalytic effect on others. Raj Daswani

Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis Compiled and written by Raj Daswani

Edited by Umesh & Anita Raj Daswani Forward by Hon: Ram Jethmalani Introduction by Dr Suleman Shaikh

Technical help and proof reading Akash Raj Daswani

Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis Raj Daswani

www.whitefalconpublishing.com All rights reserved Second Edition, 2017 Copyright © 2017 Raj Daswani Cover design © 2017 by White Falcon Publishing Cover image © to Pixabay.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the Author. Requests for permission should be addressed to Raj Daswani 33 Cheyne Walk London NW4 3QH Email [email protected] Telephone (44) 2082038700 Fax (44) 208 203 8708 ISBN - 978-93-86210-91-3

Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis Humbly dedicated to: Geetaraj, my better half who taught Sindhi to hundreds of young Sindhis living on the foreign SOIL and made them aware of Sindhiyat. Written for: Anita, Sunita my daughters Umesh, Akash my sons Suni, Natasha my daughters-in-law Ashok Melwani my son-in-law Ashvin, Ravi and Selina my grandchildren

With a hope: That they will not only keep Sindhiyat alive but convey the message to millions of my young Sindhis, the generation to come, to know their roots and keep their identity alive as Sindhi.

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Contents

Forward by Hon; Ram Jethmalani �������������������������������������������������� xii Introduction by Dr Suleman Shaikh������������������������������������������������xvii Chapter 1 Oldest civilization�������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Chapter 2 Aryans������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Chapter 3 Darya Panthi�������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 Chapter 4 Guru Panthi��������������������������������������������������������������������� 36 Chapter 5 Global position of Sindh�������������������������������������������������� 37 Chapter 6 Sindhiyat and Sindhi Festivals������������������������������������������ 40 Chapter 7 Sindhi wedding���������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Chapter 8 Art and Music of Sindh��������������������������������������������������� 54 Chapter 9 Famous Sindhi singers����������������������������������������������������� 56 Chapter 10 Sindhi dresses ��������������������������������������������������������������� 57 Chapter 11 Sindhi Cuisine���������������������������������������������������������������� 62 Chapter 12 Sindhi Surnames������������������������������������������������������������ 64 Chapter 13 Dialects of Sindhi language�������������������������������������������� 67 Chapter 14 Sindhi scripts in ancient Sindh��������������������������������������� 68 Chapter 15 Educational progress in Sindh���������������������������������������� 69 Chapter 16 Handicrafts of Sindh������������������������������������������������������ 74 Chapter 17 Folklore of Sindh����������������������������������������������������������� 82 vii

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Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis

Chapter 18 Seven heroines of Shah Lateef���������������������������������������� 86 Chapter 19 Shah, Sachal and Sami������������������������������������������������� 117 Chapter 20 Historical background������������������������������������������������� 119 Chapter 21 Amils VS Bhaibands���������������������������������������������������� 147 Chapter 22 Hidden Jewels of Sindh������������������������������������������������ 150 Chapter 23 Freedom Movement and Sindh������������������������������������ 179 Chapter 24 Partition of India and Migration���������������������������������� 183 Chapter 25 Survival of Sindhis������������������������������������������������������� 193 Chapter 26 Sindhis in Sindh����������������������������������������������������������� 196 Chapter 27 Cultural Movement����������������������������������������������������� 198 Chapter 28 Sindhi Ayaa Sindh Dhissi (Tour of Sindh)�������������������� 215 Chapter 29 Institutions & Personalities influence Sindhis�������������� 230 Chapter 30 Do we want to exist����������������������������������������������������� 256

 

Chapter 31 Our peaceful Charter of Demands������������������������������� 264

Contents

Books by Author in Sindhi Ba Kinara (two banks) Novel Dil-jo-sahaaro (Solace to heart) One act plays Tame-Ja-Tukra (Pieces of copper) Free poetic verses Reshmi Daaga (Silken threads) Collection of short stories Hemu Kalani (Sindhi Martyr) 5 Act full length drama Parado pahiren pyaar Jo Novel Wethe Warq Varayum Autobiography in novel form.

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Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis

Foreword written by Sindhu Ratna Dada Ram Jethmalani.

An Indian lawyer and politician. He has served as India’s Union Law Minister and has Chairman of Bar Council of India. I am happy that the author has shown so much kindness to me in excusing the delay in obeying his command to write this foreword for his excellent history of Sindh. I have myself remained out of Sindh since the beginning of the year 1948 but nothing has happened to diminish or dilute my fond memories of life in that part of India which started in the year 1923. I too started my life in India as a refugee but my love and longing for those whom I left behind has not diminished. I have the fondest memories of my childhood in the world-famous city of Shikarpur whose business men were scattered around the whole world even when I was young. It was a Muslim majority province but a glorious secular society, when young I got my new clothes on Eid day and Muslim youngsters got them on Deepawali, Muslims visited Hindu Shrines and Hindu’s fully reciprocated. The poet laureate of Sindh was Shah Abdul Latif who had in his younger days been educated by Hindu Brahmins, he wrote in Sindhi but was adjudged by scholars as even superior to Tagore and Shakespeare, may be this was a bit too patriotic but we believed it sincerely. Jinnah’s poison had spread through the length and breadth of the country, the blood of the Sindhis rejected that poison much longer than any other section of the Indian nation. Shattered Sindh Scattered Sindhis

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xiii

Sindh stood out in mocking rejection of Jinnah’s two – nation theory, when the unfortunate partition of India took place Muslims of Sindh were wholly opposed. Mohammad Ali Jinnah could not persuade the Sindh Assembly to approve the resolution in favour of Pakistan creation, the much-loved Chief Minister Allah Bux Soomro had to be shot dead by an assassin in broad daylight in the city of Shikarpur and the Pakistan’s resolution was passed by the casting vote of Sir Francis Mudie the British Governor of the State of Sindh. When Hindus of Sindh finally migrated the Sindhi, Muslims wept but the migration was compelled by an inferior variety coming from other parts of India. Even in the year 2016 I feel sad when I recall my life in Sindh which ended in 1948. I am happy that my friend Raj Daswani as as now written, this brief but interesting life and history of that state which I miss. I am sure it will gladden the hearts of many Sindhis now living out of their homeland to get a renewed glimpse of their ancestors who lived in that part of India. The available history Sindh goes back to 2 million years ago when Sindh was inhabited by the Riwat people and the regions fertility was in abundance due to Indus River. It is thus civilization that produced the great cities of Harrapa and Mohan- Jo- Daro, this was sometimes between 330-1300 BCE. Sindh has been invaded and conquered by invaders from old times mostly the Turks, the exploits of the Beglar family which migrated to Sindh are a notorious period in Sindh’s unhappy history. This Book is an excellent reminder of the glorious past of the Sindhis but not the ancient history. He has rightly concentrated on more recent times, but it is quite a pictorial history which words alone could not bring out so vividly. On our arrival from Sindh mainly into Bombay and Maharashtra the Government of India led by Nehru and Bombay by Morarji faced us and humiliated our Sindhi culture by an unconstitutional and foolish order that the Sindhi script must be written in Devnagri and the script used by us for nearly 300 years was Arabic Sindhi with a rich and subtle alphabet of 52 letters against the 26 of English. We felt insulted. Foreword written by Sindhu Ratna Dada Ram Jethmalani.

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I was a young lawyer who had just started practice in Bombay, I took the matter to the High Court of Bombay invoked the new constitution of India. The order was struck down by the great High Court of Bombay and Sindhis earned the reputation of knowing the Constitution of India better than the Rulers of India we encountered. Many other battles of this kind were fought by us and Sindhis took to establishing schools and colleges with eminent teachers and libraries of books, slowly our businessmen demonstrated that we were not an inferior race, our respect has slowly grown over the years. No one dare humiliate us any longer There are pictures of musical instruments, folk dances, dresses worn by men and women, the jewellery women used and even the special shoes they wore, there is also a useful list of Sindhi surnames in this work. A brief account though the author has not completely ignored the ancient history of the country. Alexander’s attack on Sindh is history enough; it includes the defenders like Raja Dhahir and other dynasties fighting for freedom. Our migration was of course unexpected and totally chaotic, Sindhis were leaving Sindh by trains, sea, air, carts and by foot. They landed in India and went wherever they felt safe and as directed by the Government of India, they suffered insults and were treated as a burden upon the local population of every province of India. Sindh was shattered when Hindus left Sindh, Sindhis were scattered not only in India but in the four corners of the Globe, in totally different environments, amongst different cultures and some in areas where Sindhis were not welcomed. Raj mentions how difficult the initial days were; full of challenges, we were struggling for survival and to earn our lively-hood. There was no appointed leader or head of Sindhis to take care of the community. The Government threw Sindhis in broken military barracks like criminals, supplied them with basics and rotten food items which would even revolt animals. We would have preferred to live in Sindh with our loving Muslim Sindhis, they only were compelled by outsiders, Muslims from other parts of India who had heard of the developed civilization and hopefully of Sindhis. Foreword written by Sindhu Ratna Dada Ram Jethmalani.

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Raj has mentioned about various Sindhi Sammelans held in India and around the world, the main message was to save the Sindhi’s script and get Sindhi language recognized by the Indian constitution and included it in eighth schedule. Raj believes if the Sindhi language was included in the eighth schedule in the initial days of framing the Indian constitution, our Sindhi leaders would have demanded better or more political rights. Thus, in the long journey to save Sindh and its language, progressive writers and thinkers would have been able to save our language along with our rich heritage and culture. In this respect, Raj has given some suggestions in the form of one memorandum of demands to be given to the Government which is worth considering. Raj has also mentioned about the different religious cults that existed in Sindh, like the patron god Jhulelal and his followers. He has also described the dialects of Sindhi language used in the different parts of Sindh. He has given details of the three great Sindhi poets; Shah Lateef, Sachal and Sami, he has also given details of seven iconic character of Shah Lateef, which are known to every Sindhi; like Lilan Chanesar, Umar Marvi, Sohini Mehar, Noori Jam Tamachi, Susaee Punhoon, Sorath-Rai- Diyach and Moomul Rano. Alongside the brief detail of Shah Lateef’s Characters, there is mention of the strength of women’s characters; each one with her own quality, dignity and wisdom for which our younger generation will feel proud of and feel proud of their history, glory and cultural heritage. Sindhis were also known to be close to nature, eat pure organic food, live a simple life, free from false ego, Sindhis travelled to far-east and the west with their merchandise of fabrics, jewellery and different kind of grains. It was mostly Sindhis from Hyderabad who traded in many African, European, and far-eastern countries, they came to be known as ‘Sindhworkies’, and till today they are called by the same name. Our Sindhis took an active part in India’s freedom moment. Many from the far-east business community helped Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose by donating large amounts of money, some women even donated their jewellery at Netaji’s First call for help. No one can forget the martyrdom of Hemu Kalani he was hung at the age of 16 or 17 years. Foreword written by Sindhu Ratna Dada Ram Jethmalani.

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