tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw

jyothisham charithram sasthram anubhavam p a rafiq zakariah first edition january 2017 typesetting & published chintha publishers, thiruvananthapuram

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hnX-cWw

tZim-`n-am\n _p°v lukv H O Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035 phone: 0471-2303026, 6063026 www.chinthapublishers.com [email protected] {_m©p-Iƒ slÕm-^okv {_m©v Ip∂p-Ipgn ÃmNyp Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Be-∏p-g sI Fkv B¿ Sn kn _kv tÃj≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-fw a®n-߬ sebn≥ Xriq¿ sF Pn tdmUv tImgnt°m-Sv amhq¿ tdmUv tImgn-t°mSv F≥ Pn H bqWn-b≥ _n¬UnMv IÆq¿ sk≥{S¬ _kv sS¿an-\¬ tImwπIvkv Xmh-°c IÆq¿

CO - 2421 / 3971 ISBN - 978-93-86364-09-8

tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw

]n F d^oJv k°-dnb

Nn¥ ]ªntjgvkv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw-˛695 035

hne :

150

]n F d-^o-Jv- k-°-dn-b]-≈-Øv- sI -sI- A-en-bp-sS-bpw- F-S-h-\-°m-Sv- In-g-t°-ho-´n¬sI _n J-Zo-Pm-_n-bpsS-bpw- a-I-\m-bn- 1974 Pq-sse- 16 \v- FdWmIp-fw- Pn-√-bn-se- I-f-a-t»-cn-bn¬- P-\n-®p.- F-®v Fw -Sn- kvIqƒ,sk-‚ v-t]mƒ-kv- tIm-tf-Pv- I-f-a-t»-cn,- tI-c-f- {]-kv- A-°m-Z-anF-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬- hn-Zym-`ym-kw.- km-º-Øn-I-im-kv-{X-Øn¬- _ncp-Z-hpw- ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn¬- _n-cp-Zm-\-¥-c- Untπm-a-bpw.- 1997 ap-X¬- ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-\-cw-K-Øv.- hn-hn-[- {]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬te-J-\-ß-fpw- ]p-kv-X-I- \n-cq-]-W-ß-fpw- Fgp-Xm-dp-≠v.- tXmakvIm¿-sse¬,- B-\n- _-k-‚ v,- kz-tZ-im-`n-am-\n- cm-a-Ir-jv-W-]n≈,sI ]n- tI-i-h-ta-t\m-≥,- ]n tKm-hn-μ-∏n-≈,- H hn- hn-P-b-≥ Xp-Sßn-b- ap-∏-tXm-fw- F-gp-Øp-Im-cp-sS- c-N-\-Iƒ- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_nF-∂- t]cn¬ ]pkvX-I-ambn kam-l-cn-®n-´p-≠v. `m-cy a-°ƒ hn-em-kw

:- l-jo-d Sn -F-®v -:- \n-a- ^m-Øn-a,- \n-b- ^¿-lo-≥ -:- ]-≈-Øv- lu-kv,]-≈-Øv- s^-dn- tdm-Uv,t\m¿-Øv- I-f-a-t»-cn-˛- 683104 C-˛-sa-bn¬ -:- [email protected] t^m-¨:- 9895176433

D≈-S°w BapJw tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v H-cm-ap-Jw tPymXn-j-Øns‚ kzm-[o-\w a-X-ß-fp-sS ho-£-W-Øn¬ X-Øzhpw A-\p-`-hhpw tPym-Xn-jw im-kv-{X-Zr-„n-bn-¬ imkv{X-⁄cpsS hntbm-Pn∏v \yq-´\pw sF-≥-kv-‰o\pw tPym-Xn-j-Øn-¬ hn-iz-kn-®n-cpt∂m? bp Pn kn Xo-cp-am-\hpw kn hn cma-s‚ hn-izm-khpw sNm-Δ-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w kXy-tam anYytbm? Km-b-{Xo-tZ-hnbpsS At\z-j-W-߃ acWw {]h-Nn-°m-\m-hptam? hmc-^-e-ßfn-se sshcp-≤y-߃ PmX-I-s∏m-cp-Ø-Ønse s]m-cp-Ø-t°Sv t\mkv{S-Um-a-kns‚ {]h-N-\-ßfpw bmYm¿∞yhpw _n hn cma-s‚ {]-h-N-\-߃ ]m-fp-∂ {]-h-N-\-ß-ƒ

8 11 25 37 50 62 72 83 87 93 98 104 114 120 128 140 148

{]km-[I - ° - p-dn∏v imkv{X kt¶-Xn-I-cw-KØv henb apt∂-‰-ap≠m-bn´pw ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈ A‘-hn-i-zm-k-ßfpw C∂v i‡ntbmsS Xncn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. km[m-cW P\-ßsf kmºØn-I-ambpw _u≤n-I-ambpw NqjWwsNøm-\p≈ Hcp thZn-bmbn tPym-Xn-jw, ssIt\m´w, ajn-t\m´w XpSßnb A‘-hn-i-zm-k-߃ C∂pw \ne-\nev°p-∂p. AXpsIm-≠pXs∂ Cu taJ-esb°pdn-®p≈ At\-z-jWw C∂v Xo¿Øpw {]k‡-am-Wv. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp ]pkvX-I-am-Wn-Xv. tPym-Xn-j-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw Aimkv{Xo-b-Xbpw shfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂ Cu IrXn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ R߃°v A`n-am-\-ap≠v. Nn¥ -]-ªn-tjgvkv

Bap-Jwim-kv-{X-km-t¶-Xn-I-cwKw {Zp-X-K-Xn-bn-ep-≈ h-f-¿-®- ssIh-cn® Im-e-L-´-Øn-em-Wv \mw Po-hn-°p-∂Xv. F-∂m¬ imkv{X-Øns‚ hf¿®tbmsS C√m-Xm-Ip-sa-∂v ]-ecpw Icp-Xnb A‘-hn-izm-k-߃ ]Xn∑-Sßv i‡n-tbmsS Xncn®p h-cp-∂Xpw \ap°v ImWm-\mhpw. tPymXn-jw, ssIt\m-´w, ajn-t\m-´w, ]£n-"im-kv{Xw', Kufn-"imkv{Xw', Xmw_q-e-{]-iv\w, kwJym-"im-kv{Xw' XpS-ßnb A‘-hn-izmk-߃ ]e cq]-Ønepw `mh-Ønepw kaq-l-Øn¬ kzm[o\w sNepØp-∂p-≠v. imkv{X-Øns‚ aqSp-]-S-a-Wn™m-Wv CØcw ]e hnIehn-izm-k-ßfpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Chbn¬ k-aq-l-Øn¬ G-‰-hp-a[n-Iw th-tcm-Sn-b-hbn-sem-∂mWv tPym-Xn-jw. im-kv-{Xhpw a-Xhpw tPymXn-jØ - n-s‚ A-Sn-ÿm\-sØØ-s∂ tNm-Zyw sN-bvX - n´pw AXns‚ kzm-[o-\w C∂pw kp-i-‡-am-bn Xp-S-cp-I-bmWv. a-X]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-¿ X-ß-fp-sS \n-£n-]v-X-Xmev-]-cy-ß-ƒ kw-c-£n-°m-≥ th-Z-{K-Ÿß-sf hn-I-e-hn-izm-k-ß-ƒ-°-\p-Iq-e-ambn h-f-s®m-Sn-®Xpw, imkv-{XØns‚ Iq´p-]n-Sn®v tPymXn-j-Øn\v imkv{Xobm-Sn-Ø-d-bp-s≠∂v ÿm]n-°m\p≈ Nne-cpsS ITn-\-{]-b-Xv\hpw Cu kzm-[o-\w Xp-Scm≥ k-lm-bI-c-am-bn-´p-≠v. tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v C-¥y-°m-sc-t∏m-se Io-g-S-ßn-b a-s‰m-cp k-aqlw temI-Øv th-sd-bp-t≠m F-∂v kw-i-b-amWv. C-¥y-bp-sS kzm-X-{¥y{]-Jym]-\w A-¿≤-cm-{Xn-bm-°n-b-Xp-t]mepw tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS ap∂dn-bn-∏v am-\n-®m-bn-cp-∂p F-∂ h-kvXp-X am{Xw ]-cn-K-Wn-®m-¬ aXn Cu Io-g-S-ß-en-s‚ B-gw sh-fn-hm-Im≥. tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS hm°v tI´v ]n-t©m-a-\I-sf h-[n-°p-∂-h-cpsSbpw tcm-Kw am-dm-≥ h-≥ XpI sNehv

sN-bvXv a-{¥-hm-Zw sN-øp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw \m-Sm-Wv \-Ωp-tS-Xv. C-{]-Imcw a-{¥-hm-Zw sN-øp-∂-Xn\v hoSpw kzØpw hn-‰v Zm-cn-{Zyw A-\p-`-hn-°p∂-hscbpw \-ap-°n-S-bn-¬ Im-Wmw. hn-hmlw, D-tZym-Kw G-s‰-Sp°-¬, ho-Sp-Xm-akw, hml-\w hmß-¬, I-®h-Sw Xp-S-ß-¬ Xp-Sßn-b Po-hnX-Øn-se kp-{][m-\ Imcy-߃°v tPymXn-jn-I-fn¬\n∂v \√ kabw hmßp∂-h-cpsS FÆw Gsd-bm-Wv. kp-J-{]-k-h-Øn-\v km≤y-X-bp≈n-SØpw \-√ k-a-bw t\m-°n kntk-dn-b≥ \S-Øm≥ \n-¿-∫-‘n°p-∂-hcps≠-∂Xv ]e-cnepw sR´-ep-f-hm-°pw. im-kv-{X-km-t¶-XnIcwK-Øv G-sd h-f-¿-® t\Sn-b ]m-›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnepw, C-¥y-sb At]£n-®v Ip-d-hm-sW-¶nepw tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s‚ kzm-[o-\w KWy-ambn \ne\n-ev-°p-∂p≠v. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tPymXn-j-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS FÆ-Øn¬ h≥ h¿≤-\h - p-≠m-bn-´p-s≠-∂mWv k¿tΔ-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂X - .v 1976 ¬ P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ 29 iX-am\w tPymXnj hnizm-kn-I-fm-bncp-s∂-¶n¬ 1986 ¬ CXv 36 iX-am-\-am-bn. (kb≥kv SptU amknI, 1988 BKkvXv, t]Pv:28). a‰p cmPy-ß-fn-se Ahÿbpw CXn¬\n∂v Gsd `n∂a-√. tPymXn-jsØ ka-{K-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ Hcp {KŸ-sØ°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥bv°v t{]c-W-bm-bXv Cu kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv. D≈-S-°-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu ]pkvX-IsØ aq∂p`mKßfmbn Xncn-°mw. tPymXnjØns‚ ASn-ÿm\ k¶ev]-ßsfs¥√mw? tPymXnjw kaq-l-Øn¬ sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\-Øns‚ hym]vXn-sb{X? hnhn[ aX-ßfpw Bflo-bm-Nm-cy∑mcpw `mhn-{]-h-N\sØ ho£n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fmWv H∂p apX¬ aq∂p hsc-bp≈ A≤ym-b-ß-fnse {]Xn-]m-Z-\w. \mep apX¬ H≥]Xp-hsc A≤ym-b-ßfn¬ tPymXn-jØns‚ imkv{Xob ASn-Ø-dbmWv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv. tPymXn-»m-kv{Xhpw imkv{X-⁄cpw Fßs\-bmWv tPymXn-jsØ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂Xv? imkv{X{]Xn-`I-fmb sFkIv \yq´\pw B¬_¿´v sF≥Ão\pw kn -hn -cm-a\pw tPymXn-j-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp∂p F∂ hmZw kXy-amtWm, sNmΔbpsS kzm[o\w kw_-‘n® {^©pIm-c-\mb ssa°nƒ KmIznens‚ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fpsS hni-I-e\w F∂n-h-bmWv CXnse D≈-S-°w. 10 apX¬ 16 hsc-bp≈ A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fpsS ^e-{]m]vXn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-Xn-\v ap≥Xq°w \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. PmX-I-Ønse Bbp v kw_-‘n® {]h-N-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v hnhn[ taJ-eI-fnse {]kn-≤-cm-b-h-cpsS A\p-`-h-߃, ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ BgvNIƒ tXmdpw hcp∂ hmc-^-e-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w, PmX-I-s∏m-cp-Øw- t\m-°nbpw Ah-K-Wn®pw hnhm-ln-X-cmb {]apJcpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃, hnJymX {^©v tPymXnjn t\mkv{S-Umakv, C¥y-bnse P\-{]o-Xn-bm¿÷n® tPymXn-jn-I-fmb _n -hn cm-a≥, Kmb- { Xo- t Zhn hmkp- t Z- h v , APbv _mw_n, _P≥ Zdp- h m- e ,

e£v a ¨Zmkv aZ≥ F∂n- h - c psS {]h- N - \ ߃ F{X- t Ømfw ]pe¿∂p F∂ At\z-jWw XpSßnbh-bmWv Cu `mK-Øp-≈-Xv. tPymXn-jsØ \ncq-]WwsNøp∂ {KŸ-߃ ae-bm-f-Øn-¬ \nch-[n-bp-≠v. F∂m¬ Zu¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw km[m-c-W-hm-b-\-°m¿°v Zp¿{K-l-amb -ssi-en-bmWv ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cn°p-∂-Xv. tPymXn-j-sØ-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ Hgn-hm-°m\mhmØ kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-ß-fpsS B[n-Iyhpw CXn-s\mcp Imc-WamImw. Cu bmYm¿∞yw ]cn-K-Wn®v km[m-c-W-hm-b-\°msc ap∂n¬°≠v efn-X-amb ssien-bmWv CXn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tPymXnjsØ hnhn[ ho£-W-tIm-Wp-I-fn-eqsS ka-{K-ambn hne-bn-cpØp∂ Hcp {KŸw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ C\n-bpw D≠m-bn-´ps≠∂v tXm∂p∂n-√. B t]mcmbva \nI-Øm\pw CXn-eqsS {ian-®n-´p≠v. Cu {iaß-fn¬ F{X-tØmfw hnP-bn-®p-sh∂v hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv hmb-\-°mcm-Wv. CXnse Nne A≤ym- b - ß - f psS cN- \ - b n¬ hn F apl- Ω Zv Ajvd^v, F≥ Fw lpssk≥, Fw B¿ kptZjv F∂n-hcpw ]¶mfn-I-fm-bn-´p-≠v. "Kmb-{Xo-tZ-hn-bpsS At\z-j-W-߃' F∂ ]Ømw A≤y-mb-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn® _¿WmUv kn¬h¿am\p-th-≠n-bp≈ At\z-jWw \S-Øn-bXv F≥ Fw lpssk-\m-Wv. Ahtcm-Sp≈ IS∏mSv hm°p-I-fn¬ HXp-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-X-√. {KŸw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Nn¥ ]ªn-tj-gvkns\bpw \μn-tbmsS kvacn-°p-∂p. hna¿i-\-ßfpw hntbm-Pn-∏p-Ifpw kzmKXw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cu ]pkvXIw hmb-\°m¿°v ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

1 tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v H-cm-ap-Jw ""{]n-b-s∏-´ {_q´-kv \-Ωp-sS hogvN \-Ωp-sS \-£-{X-ß-fne-√, \Ωn-¬-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv.'' (hn-eyw tj-Iv-kv-]n-b-dn-s‚ Pq-enb-kv ko-k-dn¬, Im-jnb-kv {_q´kn-t\m-Sv, B-Œv 1, ko≥ 2)

Zn-°pw- k-a-b-hpw- A-dn-bm-\pw- Im-em-h-ÿ- {]-h-Nn-°m-\pw,- ImeK-W-\-bv-°pw- {]m-No-\¿- h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø- hn-⁄m-\-im-J-bm-WvtPymXn-jw.- C-∂p- Im-Wp-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- ^-e-`m-K-hpw- i-Ip-\-hpw- e£W-hp-sam-s°- \n¿-Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- A-Xn-s\- D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂k{º-Zmbw ]n-∂o-Sm-Wv- D-S-se-Sp-Ø-Xv.- C-¥y-bn¬- cm-am-b-Ww- t]mep≈- ]p-cm-X-\-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬- P-∑-\-£-{X-߃-°v- {]m-[m-\yw- \ev-Is∏-´n-cp∂p.- ]-t£,- A-Xv- ^-e-`m-K-Øn-\p- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√,- {]m-bK-W-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p A-h-bp-sS- e-£yw.- ]u-cm-Wn-I-`m-c-X-Øn-em-WvtPymXn-j-Øn-s‚- B-cw-`-sa-∂m-Wv- _n -hn -cm-a-s\-t∏m-ep-≈- C-¥y-≥ tPym-Xn-j-]-fin-X¿- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¶n-epw- {]m-No-\- _m-_n-temWn-b-bn-em-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s‚- Dev]-Øn-sb-∂m-Wv- K-th-j-I-cp-sS\nK-a-\w.- {Ko-°p-Im-cn-eq-sS-bm-Wv- C-Xv- C-¥y-bn-se-Øn-b-sX-∂v- I-cpX-s∏-Sp-∂p.- C-¥y-bn¬- C-Xv- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-Im-kw- {]m-]n-°p-I-bpw,I¿Ωkn-≤m-¥-hp-am-bpw- Pm-Xn-hy-h-ÿ-bp-am-bpw- C-Xn-s\- -_-‘-s∏Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-¥y-bn¬- e-`y-am-b- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°-ap-≈tPymXn-j-{K-Ÿw- e-K-[-ap-\n-bp-sS- th-Zmw-K-tPym-Xn-j-am-sW-∂m-Wv- ]fin-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.- C-Xv- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ap-ºv- 9˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-\-Sp-Øm-Wvc-Nn-°-s∏-´-sX-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\- {KŸam-b- h-cm-l-s‚- _r-l-Xv- Pm-X-Iw- ˛- C-Xv- h-cm-l-tlm-c- F-∂pw- A-dn-

12

tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw ]n F d^oJv k°-dnb

b-s∏-Sp-∂p-˛- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xv- F -Un- 505 em-Wv.- e-Lp-Pm-X-Iw,- tbm-K-bm{X- F-∂o- {K-Ÿß - f - pw- A-t±-lØ - n-t‚-Xm-bp-≠.v - tPym-Xn-js - Ø-°p-dn-®-v `m-cXo-b- th-Z-ß-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-i-ap-t≠m- C-t√- F-∂-Xv- C-∂pw- X¿-°-hn-jb-am-Wv.- (2001 Pq-¨- 16 se- C-°-tWm-an-Iv- B-‚ v- s]m-fn-‰n-°¬- ho-°ven-bn¬- {]-i-kv-X- tPym-Xn-im-kv-{X-⁄-≥ P-b-¥v hn- \m¿-en-I¿- F-gpXn-b- "th-Zn-I-v B-kt-v {Sm-fP - n- Hm¿- tPym-Xn¿-hn-⁄m-≥:- s\-bX -v ¿- th-Zn-I-v t\m¿hn-⁄m-≥' F-∂- te-J-\w- C-Xn-te-°v- sh-fn-®w- ho-ip-∂p-≠v-).G-Xm-bm-epw- th-Z-ß-fn-tem,- e-K-[-ap-\n-bp-sS- th-Zmw-K-tPym-Xn-jØn-tem- Pm-XI - w- sh-®p-≈- ^-e`- m-K- Nn-¥b - n-√.- L-´w-L´- a- m-bm-W-v ^-e`- m-Kw AYhm {]h-N\ tPymXnjw- C-¥y-bn¬- ]n-Sn-ap-dp-°n-b-Xv.- {K-l-ß-fpsS- ÿm-\w- sh-®v- tlm-am-Zn-I¿Ω߃-°p-≈- ap-lq¿-Øw- K-Wn-°p-∂co-Xn-bm-Wv- BZyw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂s - X-¶n¬- {K-l\ - n-e- sh-®-v `m-hn- K-Wn-°p∂- co-Xn-bpw- hnhm-lØ - n-\-v Pm-XI - s - ∏m-cp-Øw- t\m-°p-∂- co-Xn-bpw- a-‰pw]nev° - m-eØ - p-≠m-bX - m-Wv.- B-d,v - G-g-v \q-‰m-≠p-It- fm-sS- tPym-Xn-jØ - nse- ^-e`- mKw- C-hn-sS- hym-]I - -am-bn.- C-tXm-sS- C-¥y-bn¬- im-kv-{X-Nn¥- ap-c-Sn-°p-I-bpw- A-‘-hn-izm-kß - ƒ- hym-]I - a- m-hp-Ib - pw- sN-bX -v p.- ^-e`m-KØ - n\v- C-¥y-bn¬- th-tcm-´w- e-`n-°p-∂-Xn¬- h-cm-l-an-ln-c-\pw- {_-“Kp-]v-X\pw- kp-{]-[m-\- ]-¶v- h-ln-®n-´p-≠v.- C-¥y-°v- ]p-d-Øv- G-sd- A-dnb-s∏´- {_-“-Kp-]v-X-\v- cm-lp,- tI-Xp- t]m-ep-≈- H-t´-sd- tPym-Xnj- k¶ev]-ßf - n¬- hn-izm-ka - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- F-∂m¬- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns‚- kΩ¿±w-aq-ew- K-eo-en-tbm-sbt∏m-se- {_-“-Kp-]v-X-\pw- X-s‚- \n-K-a-\-߃- ]-cky-am-°m-≥ ss[-cy-s∏-´n-√.- 1017˛-1030 Im-e-Øv- C-¥y-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂- hn-Jym-X- t]¿-jy-≥ im-kv-{X-⁄≥ - A-_q dbvl - m-≥ A¬- _n-dq-\n{_-“K - p-]X -v \ - -v k-Ω¿-±ß - ƒ-°p- h-g-tß-≠n- h-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v- Xm-co-JvA¬- ln-μn¬- F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.-

^-e-`m-K-tPym-Xn-jw H-cp- hy-‡n-bp-sS- P-\-\-k-a-b-Øp-≈- {K-l-ß-fp-sS-bpw- \-£-{Xß-fp-sS-bpw- ÿm-\-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn-®v- A-bm-fp-sS- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- Hm-tcmkw-`-h-ß-fpw- {]-h-Nn-°m-\m-hp-sa-∂m-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-hn-izm-kw.- Pm-XI-ß-fn-se- {K-l-ÿn-Xn- Iq-Sm-sX- {K-l-ß-fp-sS- Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn-ep-≈cm-in-am-‰-߃-˛- C-Xv- {K-lm-Nm-cw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-˛- Iq-Sn- I-W-°nse-Sp-Øm-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-{]-h-N-\-߃- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv.- H-cmƒ- P-\n-®- Zn-hk-sØ- \-£-{Xw,- B-gv-N,- Xn-Yn- (kq-cy-\pw- N-{μ-\pw- X-Ωn¬- 12 Un-{Knhy-Xym-kw- h-cp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp-f-f- k-a-b-am-Wv- H-cp- Xn-Yn-),- k-a-bw- C-hsb-√mw- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am-°n- A-bm-fp-sS- kz-`m-h-sØ-bpw- i-co-c-{]-Ir-Xnsb-bpw- `m-hn-Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw- \n-cq-]n-°p-I-bm-Wv- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- Pm-XI-Øn¬- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- H-cp- Ip-™v- P-\n-°p-tºmƒ- N-{μ-≥ G-Xp- \-£{X-Øn-eq-sS-bm-tWm- k-©-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw-

tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw ]n F d^oJv k°-dnb

13

Ip™n-s‚- P-∑-\-£-{Xw.- P-∑-\-£-{X-sØ- X-s∂-bm-Wv- P-∑-\mƒ,\-£-{Xw,- \mƒ- F-s∂-√mw- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv.- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-Øn¬- Hm-tcmcp-Ø-cp-sS-bpw- \mƒ- A-Xn-{]-[m-\-am-Wv.- Ip-´n- P-\n-°p-∂- k-a-bw- Adn™m¬- B- Ip-´n-bp-sS- P-∑-\-£-{Xw- G-Xm-sW-∂-dn-bm-≥ B- k-abØvG-Xv- \-£-{X-am-sW-∂v- ]-©mw-K-Øn¬- t\m-°n-bm¬- a-Xn.- Ip-™ns‚P-\-\-k-a-b-Øv- N-{μ-≥ tNm-Xn- (kzm-Xn-)-\m-fn¬- \n-∂m¬- P-∑-\-£{XwtNm-Xn-bm-bn.- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-ep-≈-h¿- ]-e-t∏mgpwP-∑-\-£-{X-Øn-s‚- t]-cn-em-Wv- A-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.- kzm-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ,{io-Nn-Øn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ,- D-{Xm-Sw- Xn-cp-\mƒ,- A-iz-Xn- Xn-cp-\mƒ- Xp-S-ßnb-h¿- D-Zm-l-c-Ww.- tPym-Xn-j-a-\p-k-cn-®v- P-∑-\-£-{X-amWv- Ip´n-bpsSKp-W-K-W-߃- \n-›-bn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-iz-Xn,- `-c-Wn,- Im¿-Øn-I,- tcmln-Wn,- a-I-bn-cw,- Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c,- ]p-W¿-Xw,- ]q-bw,- B-bn-eyw,- a-Iw,]qcw,- D-{Xw,- A-Øw,- Nn-Øn-c,- tNm-Xn,- hn-im-Jw,- A-\ngw,- Xr-t°-´,aq-ew,- ]q-cm-Sw,- D-{Xm-Sw,- Xn-cp-thm-Ww,- A-hn-´w,- N-Xbw,- ]q-cp-´m-Xn,DXr-´m-Xn,- tc-h-Xn- F-∂n-ß-s\- 27 \m-fp-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.- Hm-tcm- \-£{X-Øn-\pw- ]-e-X-cw- Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-≠v.- Im¿-Øn-I- Io¿-Øn- tIƒ°pw,- a-I-bn-c-Øn¬- ]n-d-∂- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- F√mw- X-s‚- \n-b-{¥-WØn¬- \n¿-Øm-\p-≈- Xz-c-bp-≠m-Ipw,- Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c-°m-c-s‚- Zm-º-XyPo-hn-Xw- sF-iz-cy-]q¿-Æ-am-bn-cn-°pw,- ]p-W¿-Xw-Im-c-s‚- Iq-sS- Zpx-JwF-∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw,- B-bn-eyw- A-e-®n-ep-≠m-°pw,- tNmXnbn¬- ]n-d-∂m¬- tNm-dn-\p- ap-´n-√,- Nn-e- N-X-b-°m-cpsS- P-\-\w- am-Xmhn\p- ÿn-c-Zpx-Jw- \ev-Ipw,- A-Øw- \-£-{X-Øn¬- P-\n-®-h¿- im-¥kz-`m-h-ap-≈-h-cpw- h-io-I-cn-°p-∂- Nn-cn-bp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw- F-∂n-ßs\-sbm-s°-bm-Wv- k-¶ev]w.- a-Iw- ]n-d-∂- a-¶-sb∂pw- ]q-cw- ]n-d-∂]p-cp-j-s\-∂p-sam-s°-bp-≈- {]-tbm-K-ß-fpw- G-sd- {]-kn-≤-am-Wv.- B\m-fp-If - n¬- P-\n-®m-ep-≠m-Ip-∂- t\-´ß - s - f-bm-Wv- Ch- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂X - v.a-Iw- \-£-{X-Øn¬- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- ]n-d-°p-∂-Xv- Iq-Sp-X¬- \-√-Xm-sW-∂pwA-Xp- X-s∂- hm-hn-\-Sp-Øp-≈-tXm- sh-fp-Ø- ]-£-Øn-ep-≈-tXm- B-ba-Iw- \-£{- X-am-sW-¶n¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- \√- ^-ea - m-sW∂pw- hn-izm-ka - p-≠v.H-cp- Ip-´n- P-\n-°p-tºmƒ- In-g-°v- D-Zn-®p-b-cp-∂- cm-in-bm-Wv- e·w.e-·-a-dn-™m¬- H-cm-fp-sS- kz-`m-h-a-dn-bm-≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂m-Wv- tPym-Xnjn-I-fp-sS- ]-£w.- e-·sØ X-s∂-bmWv H-∂mw-`m-hw (First House) F-∂p- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw.- Pm-X-I-Øn-se- {K-l-\n-e-bn¬- e- F-∂- Np-cp-s°gp-Øp-sIm-≠m-Wv- C-Xv- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- `m-h-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- {]-[m\we-·-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- F-√m- {]-tXy-I-X-I-sf-∏-‰n-bpwkmam-\y-hn-h-cw- \ev-Im-≥ e-·-Øn-\m-hp-sa-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- 12 `m-hß-fn¬- Hm-tcm-∂n-s\-bpw- hn-hn-[- hn-j-b-ß-fp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p≠v.- D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v- i-co-cw,- B-tcm-Kyw,- kevt]-cv- F-∂n-h- H∂mw`m-h-hp-am-bn- A-Y-hm- e-·-hp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- In-S-°p-∂p.- ]p-{X≥,-

14

tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw ]n F d^oJv k°-dnb

Ahn´w \£-{X-Øn¬ P\n-®-bm-fpsS {Kl-\ne

_p-≤n- i‡n- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- A-©mw-`m-h-hp-am-bpw tcm-Kw,- i-{Xp- F∂nh-bv-°v- B-dmw- `m-h-hp-am-bpw a-c-Ww,- B-bp-kv- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- F´mw-`mh-hp-ambpw sXm-gn¬,- ÿm-\-am-\-߃- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- ]-Ømw-`m-h-hpam-bm-Wv- _‘w.- ]p-cp-j-Pm-X-I-Øn¬- 2,-4,-5,-17,-12 `m-h-ß-fn¬- N{μ≥ X-\n-®p- \n-∂m¬- `m-cy- k-Zv-Kp-W-h-Xn-bpw- kp-μ-cn-bp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A„a-Øn¬- sNm-Δ- \nev-°p-tºmƒ- P-\n-°p-∂-bmƒ- tcm-K-]o-U-bp-≈-h-\pw\n¿≤-\-\pw- Aev-]m-bp-kp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- kv-{Xo-Pm-X-I-Øn-em-I-s´- AXvssh-[-hy-sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p.- hym-gw- e-·-Øn¬- \nev-°p-∂-bmƒ- Zo¿Lm-bp-km-bn-cn-°pw.- kp-μ-c-\pw- km-Xzn-I-\pw- \-√- ]p-{X-k-º-Øp-IƒD-≈-h-\p-am-Ipw.- c-≠mw- `m-h-Øn¬- i-\n- \n-∂m¬- hn-Zy-bn¬- ]n-∂n-emIp-I-bpw- a-T-b-\p-am-Ipw.- kq-cy-≥ Nn-ß-Øn¬- \n-∂m¬- Pm-X-I-≥ ImSv,a-e,- ar-K-k-t¶-X-߃- C-h- k-μ¿-in-°m-≥ Xev]-c-\m-bn-cn-°pw.tPym-Xn-j{- ]-Im-cw- kq-cy-≥,- N-{μ-≥,- sNm-Δ,- _p-[≥ - ,- hym-gw,- ip{I≥,i-\n,- cm-lp,- tI-Xp- F-∂n-ß-s\- H-º-Xv- {K-l-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.- Cu- {Kl-߃- Hm-tcm-∂pw- Nn-e- {]-tXy-I- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- \n¿Æm-b-I- ]-¶ph-ln-°p-∂p- F-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v- ]n-Xm-hv,- Bflmhv,- B-tcm-Kyw,- I-Æv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-am-bn- kqcy-s\-bpw- a-\- v,- amXmhv,- Ir-jn- Xp-S-ßn-b- hn-j-b-ß-fn¬- N-{μ-s\-bpw- _-‘-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.ss[-cyw,- D-’m-lw,- ssk-\yw- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-am-bn- sNm-Δ-bpw,- _p≤n,]p-{X-≥,- A-dn-hv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-am-bn- hym-g-hpw- B-bp-kv,- tcmKw,- acWw-

tPymXnjw Ncn-{Xw imkv{Xw A\p-`hw ]n F d^oJv k°-dnb

15

F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn- i-\n-bpw- hn-hm-l-߃,- hm-l-\w,- h-kv-{Xw,- B-`-c-Ww,kw-Ko-Xw F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn- ip-{I-\pw- _-‘-s∏-´v- In-S-°p-∂p.C-\n- B-gv-N-^-e-߃- t\m-°mw.- Rm-b¿,- Xn-¶ƒ,- sNm-Δ,- _p[≥,hym-gw,- sh-≈n,- i-\n- F-∂n-ßs - \-bp-≈- Zn-hk - ß - f - p-sS- tPym-Xn-jØ - nset]-cp-Iƒ- b-Ym-{I-aw- c-hn-hm-cw,- N-{μ-hm-cw,- Ip-P-hm-cw,- _p-[-hm-cw,- Kpcphm-cw,- ip-{I-hm-cw,- a-μh - m-cw- F-∂n-ßs - \-bm-Wv.- Cu- t]-cp-If - nse- B-ZyA-£-c-ß-fm-b- c,- N,- Ip,- _p,- Kp,- ip,- a- F-∂o- A-£-c-ß-fmWv- an-°]-©mw-K-ß-fn-epw- Zn-h-k-sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-°m-≥ D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.- Hm-tcmZn-hk - Ø - n-\pw- \-√X - pw- No-Øb - p-am-b- Kp-Wß - ƒ- Ds≠-∂m-W-v tPym-Xn-j{K-Ÿ-߃- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- sNm-Δ,- i-\n- Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬- P-\n-°p-∂-h¿-°vs]m-Xp-th- Kp-W^ - e - ß - ƒ- Ip-db - p-Ib - pw- Rm-b¿,- Xn¶ƒ,- _p-[≥ - ,- hym-gw,sh-≈n- Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ P\n-°p-∂-h¿°v \√ ^ew A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpa-s{X. sNmΔmgvN P\n-°p-∂h - ¿ {Iqc-∑mcpw kml-kn-Ic - pw t{Im[ap-≈-hcpw Nm-©m-´-a-\- p-≈-h-cpw kzP-\-ßtfmSv sshcm-Ky-_p-≤nbp-≈-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv BgvN-^-ew. i\n-bmgvN P\n-°p-∂-hcm-Is´ Ae-kcpw £p{Z-I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-hcpw ]nip-°-cpw k¶-c-PmXn-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h-cpw hmX-tcm-Kn-I-fpw saen™ ico-c-{]-Ir-X-°mcp-am-bn-cn-°pw. F∂m¬ sNmΔ, i\n Znh-k-ß-fn¬ P\n-®mepw "\√' \£-{XØnepw "\√' ka-b-Øp-sam-s°-bmWv P\-\-sa-¶n¬ AXnt‚-Xmb KpW-^e - ß - ƒ e`n-°p-sa∂pw tPymXn-jn-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂p. N-{μ-≥ D-Zn-®p-b-cp-tºm-ƒ P-\n-°p-∂ Ip-™n-s‚ Po-hn-Xw k-¥p„hpw Zo-¿-L-hp-am-hp-sa-¶n¬ sNm-Δ D-Zn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv P-\-\-sa-¶n-¬ Ip-´n-bp-sS B-tcm-Kym-hÿ tam-i-am-bn-cn-°pw. th-Kw a-c-W-s∏-Sm-\n-Sbp-≠v. Hm-tcm cm-in-bnepw `m-h-Øn-epw -\n-ev-°p-tºm-ƒ Hmtcm {K-lØn\pw Nn-e {]-tXy-I Kp-W-ßfpw i-‡n-Ifpw D-≠m-Ip-∂p F∂pw C-h Pm-XI-s\ _m-[n-°p-sa-∂m-Wv tPym-Xn-j-hn-izmkw. D-Zm-l-c-WØn-\v kq-cy-≥ -ta-Sw-cm-in-bn-¬ \n-ev-°p-tºm-ƒ A-Xv D-®-Øn-em-sW∂pw A-t∏m-ƒ kq-cy-\v ]-cn-]q-¿-Æ _-e-ap-s≠∂pw h-cp-∂p. C-Xv Pm-XI-\v Kp-Ww sN-øp-a-s{X. F-∂m-¬ kq-cy-≥ Xpemw cm-in-bn-em-sW-¶n-¬ A-Xv \o-N-Øn-em-sW-∂pw A-t∏m-ƒ kq-cy-\p Xo-sc _-e-an-s√∂pw ]-d-bp-∂p. D-®-cm-in-bp-sS t\-tc F-Xn-¿-cm-in-bm-Wv \o-N-cmin. bYm¿∞Øn¬ `qan-bn¬ \n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ Hcp {Klw- Hcp {]tXy-I-cm-inbn¬ \nev°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂Xv tXm∂¬ am{X-am-Wv. cm-in-I-ƒ°pw \-£-{X-ß-ƒ°pw t]-cv \-ev-Inb-Xv A-h-bv-°v `qanbn-¬ Im-Wp-∂ h-kv-Xp-°-fp-ambpw Po-hn-I-fp-ambpw tXm∂nb kmZriya-\p-k-cn-®mWv. taSw (tajw) B-Sv t]m-sebpw C-S-hw (hr-j`w) Imf-sb-t∏msebpw tXm-∂p∂-Xv sIm≠v B t]-cp-I-ƒ \evIn. a-e-bmfn-I-fpsS ta-S-Øn-\v em-‰n-≥ `m-j-bn-¬ Aries F-∂p ]-d-bpw. ta-jØns‚ (sN-Ω-cn-bm-Sns‚) cq-]-am-Wn-Xn\v. C-Sh-Øn-\v Im-f-bp-sS-bpw

190/-