]n. kptc-jv_m_p

{Ko≥ _pIvkv

πm®n-aS Pe-Øn-s‚ cmjv{Sobw ]n. kptc-jv_m_p ]m-e-°m-Sv h-S-°-pwtN-cn-°-Sp-Øv I-Æ-{º-bn-em-Wv P-\-\w. a-e-bm-f-Øn-¬ _n-cp-Zm\-¥-c _n-cp-Zhpw ]{X-{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn¬ tI-c-f {]- v A°m-Z-an-bn¬ \n-∂v Un-tπm-abpw t\-Sn. 2002 ap-X¬ am-Xr`q-an-bn¬ ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\m-bn tPm-en sN-øp-∂p. πm-®n-a-S k-a-cw, s\√n-bm-º-Xn h-\w I-tø-‰w, a-e-_m¿ kn-a‚ v-kv I-º-\n-bn-se A-gn-a-Xn, sN-°v t]m-kv-‰p-I-fn-se A-gn-a-Xn, tI-c-f-Øn-s‚ sd-bn¬-sh hn-I-k-\w, ]-d-ºn-°p-fw˛B-fn-bmdpw ap√-s∏-cn-bmdpw Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ A-¥¿ kwÿm-\ \-Zo-P-e-I-cm-dp-Iƒ, Km-Uv-Kn¬˛I-kv-Xq-cn-cw-K≥ dn-t∏m¿-´p-Iƒ, Im¿-jn-I-ta-J-e-bn-se {]-Xn-k-‘nIƒ XpS-ßnb hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ \n-ch-[n te-J-\-ß-sf-gp-Xn. Xr-»q¿ {]- v ¢-_n-s‚ Sn.hn. A-Nyp-X-hm-cy¿ kvv-am-c-I ]p-c-kv-Im-cw Dƒ-s∏-sS \n-ch-[n A-hm¿-Up-Ifpw e-`n®p. C-t∏mƒ C-Sp-°n Pn√-bn¬ kv-‰m-^v I-dkv-t]m-≠‚m-bn {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.

1

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

2

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

]cn-ÿnXn

πm®n-aS Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

{Ko≥ _pIvkv 3

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

green books private limited gb building, civil lane road, ayyanthole, thrissur- 680 003, kerala, ph: +91 487-2381066, 2381039 website: www.greenbooksindia.com e-mail: [email protected] malayalam plachimata jalathinte rashtreeyam environment p. sureshbabu first published april 2017 copyright reserved cover design : rajesh chalode

branches: thrissur 0487-2422515 palakkad 0491-2546162 kannur 0497-2763038 thiruvananthapuram 0471-2335301 isbn : 978-93-86440-22-8 no part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. GBPL/894/2017

4

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

apJ°pdn πm-®n-aS Hcp ktµ-i-am-Wv. hcpw-Im-e-Øns‚ ap∂-dnbn-∏m-Wv. C\n-bp≈ temI-bp≤w sh≈-Øn\p th≠nbp-≈X - m-Iptam? kwÿm-\ß - fpw cmPy-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ \Zo-P-e-X¿°-߃ apºn-√m-Ø-hn[w Actß-dp∂p. Imem-hÿ - m-hy-Xn-bm-\ß - fpw sImSpwh- c ƒ®- I fpw ]≠v C√mØhn[w Zpcn- X - ß ƒ sImøp∂p. `qK¿`-Pe - Ø - ns‚ Afhv `bm-\I - a - mw-hn[w Xmgv∂p-h-cp-∂p. `qan-bpsS Ah-ti-jn® ]®-∏p-Iƒ kwc- £ n- ° - s ∏- S - W w. Cu ]pkv X Iw CXp- h sc FhnsSbpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√mØ πm®n-aS ka-cØns‚ bYm¿∞ ka-c-Ncn{Xw.

IrjvWZmkv amt\PnMv FUn‰¿

5

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

6

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

D≈-S°w BapJw 09 ]n. kptc-jv_m_p Ah-Xm-cnI

πm®n-a-S-bpsS ap∂n¬ temIw \an-°p∂p 13 cmtP{µ knMv `mKw H∂v

tImfbpw \nb-a-ew-L-\hpw sIm°-tImf ˛ \nb-aew-L-\-Øns‚ C¥y≥ Ncn{Xw 23 sIm°-tImfbpsS hchv 26 Db-cp∂ P\-tcmjw 28 `ua-Zn-\-Ønse Ncn-{X-k-acw 33 tPm¨ssh‰pw _n.-_n.-kn. dnt∏m¿´nwKv Cw]mIvSpw 37 hnj-a-b-amb Jc-am-en\yw 39 tImf-If - n¬ hnjmwiw: tI{µsØ sR´n®v kn.-Fk - v.C - . dnt∏m¿´v 41 sP.-]n.-kn. dnt∏m¿´v 43 ]fl-`q-j¨ ths≠∂v kn≤-cmPv Z≤ 47 BtKmf kwK-a-Øns‚ Pe-k-tΩ-f\w 49 s]cp-am-´n-bpsS \nb-a-bp≤w 53 tImf-sb-°mƒ Pe-aq‰n s]]vkn 60

`mKw c≠v

Ch¿ πm®n-a-S-bpsS Bƒcq-]-߃ hnf-tbmSn thWp-tKm-]m¬ 67 abn-eΩ ˛ {]Xo-Ihpw ka-c-\m-bn-Ibpw 70 kacw s\©n-te‰n I∂n-bΩ 74 tImfsb i]n®v jmlp¬l-aoZv 77 ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ k¬k-_o¬ amXrI 79 7

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

`mKw aq∂v

cl-ky-ß-fpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-ج \µp _m\¿Pnbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øepw 85 D∂-Xm-[n-Im-c-k-anXn ˛ Hcp Im¬hbv]v 89 Iq-´-\n-b-a-ew-L-\w 91 {Sn_yq-Wepw \jvS-]-cn-lm-chpw 92 {Sn_yq-W¬ _n¬; kXym-h-ÿ-Iƒ 93 lcnX {Sn_yq-W¬ hmZw A{]-k‡w 96 tIm¿∏-td‰v X{¥w 98 tImf-bvs°m∏w \nb-a-k-`bpw 102 \jvS]-cn-lm-c-an√; tImfbv°v tImSn-I-fpsS \nIp-Xn-bn-fhv 104 Fkv.kn/Fkv.-Sn. AXn-{Ia \ntcm-[\ \nbaw 106 πm®n-a-S-bn¬\n∂pw Imse-[m-c-bn-te°v 109 _ln-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ Xan-gv-˛-tI-cf apJ-߃ 112 Bbn-c-Øn-tesd Zn\-ß-fpsS ka-c-N-cn{Xw 115 cmjv{So-b-]m¿´n-I-fpsS I]-S-apJw 118 s]cp-am-´n-bpsS \n›-b-Zm¿Vy-sa-¶nepw D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ 122 \nb-a-ßfpw ]T-\-ß-fpw... 124 t]cn\p am{X-ambn aen-\o-I-cW \nb-{¥W t_m¿Uv 127 sFIy-Zm¿Vy-hp-ambn ]cn-ÿn-Xn˛ P\-Iob kwL-S-\-Iƒ 129 kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ sIm°-tIm-f-bpsS ASn-b-dhv 132 tIkv \S-Øm≥ ]W-an-√msX s]cp-am´n 136 {Sn_yq-W¬ _n¬ \nb-a-°p-cp-°n¬ 138

`mKw \mev

Pew Aaq-ey-amWv `qK¿`-P-e-Øns‚ Aan-tXm-]-tbmKw 143 `qP-e-\n-c∏v A]-I-Sm-h-ÿ-bn¬ 147 hcƒ® IØn-∏-Scp-tºmƒ 149 tIc-f-Øn¬ ÿnXn `bm-\Iw 151 IpSn-\o-cq-‰m≥ tImf-°-º-\n-Iƒ 155 Ip∏n-sh≈ Iº-\n-I-fpsS BkvXn-Iƒ 158 Ip∏n-sh≈˛io-X-f-]m-\ob hn]-Wn-bpsS A£-b-J\n 160 lnµp-ÿm≥ sIm°-tImf _nh-td-Pkv enan-‰Uv 162 s]]vkntIm C¥y 163 Pe-k-a-c-ß-fpsS {]k‡n 164 HSp-hn¬ Pe-Xo-h-≠n-bpw... 168

A\p-_‘w 171 8

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

BapJw

πm®n-a-S sh-dp-sam-cp ÿ-e-\m-a-a√. A-sXm-cp N-cn-{X`q-an-bm-Wv. sIm-°-tIm-f-sb-∂ _-lp-cm-{„ Ip-∏n-sh≈ I-º-\n-sb Km-‘nb≥ k-l-\-k-a-c-Øn-eq-sS sI-´psI´n® k-a-c-`qan. {]-Ir-Xn-hn-`-h-ß-fp-sS A-h-Imiw Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v B-Zn-hm-kn-Iƒ Dƒ-s∏-´ X-t±ihm-kn-Iƒ \-SØn-b k-a-c-Øn-\v ap-∂n-em-Wv B-tKm-f `oa-\v A-Sn-sX-‰n-bX - v. 2002 G-{]n¬ 22˛se `u-aZ- n-\Ø - n¬ XpS-ßn C-t∏mgpw Xp-S-cp-∂ ka-cw H-cp]t£, tem-IØn¬ X-s∂ B-Zy-am-bn-cn-°mw. X-ß-fp-sS Ip-Sn-sh≈w tNm¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø, a-en-\-s∏-SpØnb I-º-\n-sb X-d∏-‰n-s®-¶nepw ka-cw B-Xy-¥n-Ia - m-bn hn-Pb - nt®m F∂v tNm-Zn-®m¬ H-c¿-∞-Øn¬ C-s√-∂v ]-d-tb-≠n h-cpw. tIm-f-°º-\n h-cp-Øn-sh-® \m-i-\-„-߃-°v \-„]cnlm-cw hm-ßn-°p-∂-Xn-\v kw-ÿm-\w ]m- m°n-b sIm-°-tIm-f \-„-]-cnlm-c {Sn-_yq-W¬ _n¬ X-≈ns°m-≠v 2015 \-hw-_-dn¬ C-¥y≥ cm-{„]-Xn D-Ø-chnd-°n-b-tXm-sS πm-®n-a-S ka-cw {Xn-i-¶p-hn-em-sb-∂v ]-d-bmw. I-º-\n-sb Ip-‰-hnNmc-W sN-bv-Xv 216 tIm-Sn cq-] \-„-]-cnlm-cw hm-ßn-°m≥ e-£y-an-´ _n√n-\v AIm-e Nc-aw kw`hn®-tXm-sS C-\n-sb-s¥∂ tNmZyam-Wv πm-®n-a-S-bn¬ \n∂pw D-b-cp-∂-Xv. C-Xn-\mcpw DØcw ]-d-bp-∂n√. tem-Iw I-≠ H-cp N-cn-{X k-acsØ `-c-W-Iq-Shpw cm-{„o-b ]m¿-´n-Ifpw tN¿-∂v A-]am-\n-®n´pw Bcpw sN-dp-hn-c¬ D-b¿-Øp-∂p-an√. k-a-cØn-s‚ \√ Im-e-Øn¬ k¿-h ]n-¥p-Wbpw hm-Kv-Zm\w sN-bv-Xv cw-K-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ cm-{„o-b ]m¿-´n-Ifpw t\Xm-°-fpw Ip-‰-I-cam-b au-\w ]m-en-°p-I-bmWv. Cusbm-cp ]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-Wv πm-®n-a-S k-a-c-Øn-s‚ 9

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

Ncn{X-Øn-eq-sS H-cp ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥ F-∂ \n-ebnep≈ C-S-s]-S-en-\v Rm≥ ap-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. 2002 ap-X¬ 2013 h-sc Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn πm-®n-a-S k-a-c-Øn-s‚ `m-K-ambn {]-h¿-Øn-® A\p-`h-Øn-s‚ sh-fn-®-Øn-ep≈ C-Ss]SemWv Cu ]p-kv-XIw. h¿j-ß-tfm-fw tI-c-f-Øn-sebpw C-¥y-bn-se-bpw ]-{X˛Zr-iy am-[y-a-ßfpw _n._n.kn, \yq-tbm¿-°v ssSwkv Xp-Sßnb tem-I am-[y-a-ßfpw B-tLm-j]q¿hw G-s‰-Sp-Ø H-cp k-a-c-am-bn-cp-∂p πm-®n-a-S-bn¬ \-S-∂-Xv. A£-cw Iq-´n-hm-bn-°m-\-dn-bm-Ø a-bn-e-Ωsb-∂ k-a-c-\m-bn-Ibpw hn-f-tbm-Sn thWp-tKm-]m¬ F∂ s]m-Xp-{]-h¿-Ø-I\pw ap-∂n¬\n-∂p \-bn-® kacw e-£y-Øn-se-Øm-Ø-Xn-\v Imc-Ww C-hn-Sp-sØ cmjv{Sob]m¿-´n-Iƒ X-s∂-bm-sW-∂v ]-d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. sIm-°-tIm-f-bp-sS [m¿-„y-Øn-\v ap-∂n¬ `-c-WL-S-\ A-\p-h-Zn-® auenI A-h-Im-i-߃ t]m-epw πm-®n-a-Sbn-se P-\-߃-°v \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wv `-c-W-Iq-SØn-\v XmXv]c - yw. A-Xv tIm¨-{K-kv t\-XrXzw \¬Inb bp.]n.F. k¿-°m-cm-bm-epw C-t∏mƒ `-cn-°p-∂ \-tc{µ tam-Zn-bp-sS F≥.Un.F k¿-°m-cm-bmepw am-‰-an√m-sX Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv. ]uc-s‚ Po-hn-°m-\p-≈ A-h-Im-i-tØ°mƒ `-c-W-IqSw hn-e Iev]n-°p-∂Xvv tIm-°-tIm-fbpsS tIm¿-∏-td-‰v XmXv]cyw X-s∂. A-‰v-em‚-bn¬ Ccp∂vv tem-Iw ap-gp-h≥ \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂ sIm-°-tImfs°Xn-sc F-s¥-¶nepw \-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂-Xv A-ta-cn°bp-am-bp-≈ hym-]m-c˛hm-Wn-Py _‘-sØ tZm-j-I-cam-bn _m-[n-°p-sa-∂v kz-bw hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-bm-Wv tI{µk¿-°m-cn-s‚ Io-g-S߬. A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv tI-c-f \nbak` 2011˛¬ ]m- m°n-b πm-®n-a-S {Sn-_yq-W¬ _n¬ A-©p h¿-jw ]n-Sn-®p-sh-®ti-jw tI-{µ k¿°m¿ \n¿Z-bw X-≈n-b-Xv. kwÿm-\ \n-b-a-k`-°p-≈ `-c-W-LS\m[n-Im-c-Øn\pw A-∏p-d-am-Wv sIm-°-tIm-fsb-∂ _-lp-cm-{„`oa-s‚ kzm-[o-\w F-∂v \mw C-t∏mƒ Xn-cn-®-dn-bp∂p. πm-®n-a-S k-a-c-Øn-s‚ b-Ym¿-∞ N-cn{Xw C-Xphsc F-hn-sSbpw tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n√. D-≈-sX√mw A]q¿Wßfm-b Nn-e ]T-\-߃ am-{X-am-Wv. tI-c-f-Øn¬ \S∂ P-\Io-b k-a-c-ß-fn¬ A-¥m-cm-{„ X-e-Øn¬ 10

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

B-Zyambn {i-≤-t\-Snb k-a-c-am-bn-cp-∂p ssk-e‚ v hmen-bn¬ \-S-∂-Xv. F-∂m¬ πm-®n-a-S k-a-c-Øn-s‚ Jym-Xn A-Xn\pw A-∏p-d-am-bn-cp-∂p. tem-I-am-[y-a-߃ Zn-hk-ß-tfm-fw B-tLm-jn-® k-a-cw. tem-Iw A-dn-bs∏-Sp-∂ B-Œn-hn-Ãp-I-sf√mw πm-®n-a-S-bn-se-Øn. tImfs°- X ncmb t]m- c m- ´ - Ø n¬ πm- ® n- a - S - ° m¿ hn- P - b ns®¶nepw sIm-°t- Imf-sb Ip-‰h - n-Nm-cW - sN-øW - s - a∂ D-Zy-aØ - n-\n-sS X-߃ X-s∂ Xn-cs - ™-Sp-Øp-hn-´ tI{µ k¿-°m-cn-\v ap-∂n¬ ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sN-bv-X, πm®na-S k-ac - Ø - n-s‚ N-cn{Xw tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈ DZyaØn-\v H-t´-sd t]¿ {]-tNmZ-\w \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v. ]-cnÿn-Xn hn-⁄m\o-b hn-Z-Kv-[\pw πm-®n-a-S D-∂-Xm-[nIm-c ka-nXn Aw-K-hp-am-bn-cp-∂ tUm. F-kv. ss^-kn, Xr-iq¿ tI-c-fo-b-Øn-se tdm-_n≥, \o-Xp-Zmkv, πm-®naSk-a-c-k-an-Xn-bn-sebpw sF-Iy-Zm¿-Vy-k-an-Xn-bn-sebpw {]n-b-s∏-´ kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ, -F-gp-Øn-\p-th-≠n tc-J-Iƒ \¬-In k-lm-bn-®-h¿-˛\n-ch-[n t]-cp-sS k-l-I-c-WamWvv F-s∂ Cu ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-te-°v \-bn-®-Xv. ]p-kv-X-I-Øn\v A-h-Xm-cn-I F-gp-Xn-Ø-∂ cm-tP-{µkn-ßn-s\-°p-dn-®v ]-d-bm-sX Cu ap-J-°p-dn-∏v ]q¿-Wamhn√. D-Ø¿{]-tZ-in-se ao-d-Øn-\-Sp-Øv Zu-e-bn¬ P\n® cm-tP-{µ-kn-Mv P-ek - w-c£ - W - {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - f - n¬ tem-Iw B-Z-cn-°p-∂ hy-‡n-XzamWv. tk-h-\-{]-h¿-Ø\-߃-°p-th-≠n cm-P-ÿm-\n-se B¬-hm-dn-seØn-b kn-Mv X-cp¨ `m-c-Xv kw-Lv F-∂ kw-L-S-\-bn-eq-sSbm-Wv P-e-kwc-£-W {]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-te-°v Xn-cn-bp∂-Xv. sNdn-b X-S-b-WIƒ \n-¿-Ωn-®v \o-cp-d-h-Iƒ ]p-\cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv cm-tP-{µ-kn-ßn-s‚ co-Xn. a-g-sh-≈ kw-c-£-WØn-\pw Du-∂¬ \¬-In-bn-cp∂p. P-\Io-b ]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØm-sS-bp-≈ {]-hr-Øn-bn-eq-sS cmP-ÿm-\nse h-‰n-h-c-≠n-cp∂ A-¿-hm-cn, cp-]m-sc¬, k¿k, `-Km-\n, P-l-Pv hm-en F-∂o \-Zn-Iƒ P-e-kar≤am-°n. 1000 {Km-a-ß-fn-¬ \o-cp-d-h-Iƒ ]p-\x-ÿm-]n-®v Pe-£m-aw ]-cn-l-cn-®p. \-ZnI-sf ]p-\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p∂-Xn\v sPm-lmZv F-∂p ]-d-bp-∂ 8600˛Hm-fw X-S-bWIƒ \n¿-Ωn-®p-\¬-In. I-Ωyq-Wn-‰n eo-U¿-jn-∏v {]h¿Ø- \ - Ø n- \ v 2001˛¬ cm- t P- { µ- k n- ß n- \ v c- a ¨ aKvkmsk A-hm¿-Uv e`n-®p. 2015˛¬ t\m-_¬ ss{]kv 11

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

Hm-^v hm-´¿ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ tÃm-°v tlmw hm-´¿ ss{]-kpw e-`n-®p. {]-]-© kw-c-£-W {]-h¿-Ø-\ßfn¬ G¿-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ tem-I-sØ 50 hy-‡n-I-sf°p-dn-®v 2008˛¬ Zn Km¿-Un-b≥ ]{Xw ]p-d-Øn-d°n-b ]-´n-I-bn¬ cm-tP-{µ-knßpw D-ƒ-s∏´ncp-∂p. hm-´¿-am≥ F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ cm-tP-{µ-knßn-t\m-Sp-≈ I-S-∏mSpw Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ A-dn-bn-°p∂p. F√mw Xn-I-™sX∂ A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn-\v ap-Xn-cp-∂n√. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ BZy ]Xn-∏n\v \n߃ \¬Inb \nd™ kzoI-c-W-Øn\v \µn. ]n. kptc-jv_m_p

12

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

Ah-Xm-cnI

πm®n-a-S-bpsS ap∂n¬ temIw \an-°p∂p cmtP{µ knMv

sh≈-Øn-\p-w {]-Ir-Xn-hn-`h-ß-fp-sS kw-c-£-W-Øn\pw temI-Øv \-S-∂ k-a-c-ß-fn¬ A-{K-K-Wy-am-Wv πm-®n-a-SbpsS ÿm-\w. sh-≈w Dƒ-s∏-sS-bp-≈ {]-Ir-Xn-hn-`-hßfpsS A-h-Im-iw X-t±-io-b-¿°msW-∂v sX-fn-bn-®pX∂Xv πm®na-S k-a-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. C-sXm-cp hn-P-bn-® k-a-cØn-s‚ N-cn-{X-I-Y-bm-Wv. temI-sØ ap-gp-h≥ P\Io-b k-ac - ß - ƒ-°pw B-th-iw ]-I¿-∂p-\¬In-b P-ek - a - cw. Cu k-ac - Ø - n-s‚ ap-∂n-em-Wv sIm-°t- Im-fbv° - v A-Sn-bd-hv ]-dtb-≠n h-∂-Xv. ]m-h-s∏-´-hcpw Zp¿-_-e-cpam-b B-Zn-hm-kn hn-`m-Kß - ƒ \-SØn-b k-ac - Ø - n-\v ^-ew D-≠m-bn-s√ F∂p tNm-Zn-®m¬ D-≠v F-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv D-Ø-cw. ]-t£, {]IrXnhn-`-h-߃ sIm-≈-b-Sn-®-Xn-\p≈ \-„-]-cn-lm-c-w CuSm°p-∂X - n\v, hy-hÿ - m]n-X \n-ba- Ø - n-\v ap-ºn¬ sIm°tImf-sb sIm-≠p-hc - m≥ I-gn-™n-s√-∂Xvv t\-cm-W.v AXn\v D-Øc - h - m-Zn πm-®n-aS- b - n-se ]m-hs - ∏-´ P-\h - n-`m-Ka - s - √-∂v Hm¿°p-I. \Ω-sf kw-c£ - n-°m≥, \-Ωƒ sXc-s™-Sp-Øp-hn´ P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw A-h-cpƒ-s∏-Sp-∂ cm-{„o-b-]m¿-´nIfpamWv D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ. tIm¿-∏-td-‰p-Iƒ°p th-≠n P\ß-sf H-‰p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂ cm-{„o-b-°m-scbpw `-c-W-Iq-SsØbpw X-n-cp-Øn-°m≥ \-ap-°v I-gn-b-Ww. A-Xn-\v \nc¥c k-Ω¿-±w th-Ww. Cu-sbm-c¿-∞Ø - n¬ πm-®n-aS kacw ho≠pw i‡-am-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. P-\I - o-bk - a-cw H-cp-h´wIqSn D-b¿-∂p-h-c-Ww. C-X√m-sX t]mw-h-gn-bn√. h-cƒ-®bpw sh-≈s - ∏m-°hpw k¿-hk - m-[m-cW - a - m-hp-∂ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv C-∂v. A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øv C-Xv Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p. 13

πm®n-aS ˛ Pe-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw

{I-aw sX‰nb Im-em-h-ÿ. cm-Py-Øn-s‚ H-c-Xn-cn¬ Ip-S-nsh-≈w In-´m-°-\n-bm-hp-tºmƒ a-dp-h-i-Øv {]-f-b-Øn-s‚ `o-Xn-Zam-b A-\p-`h-߃. \-Zo-kº - ∂ - a - m-Wv `m-cX - w. ]-t£ \-Zn-I-fp-sS C∂-sØ A-h-ÿ ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-amWv. \-Ωp-sS \-Zn-If - n¬ 70 i-Xa - m-\h - pw h-cƒ-® aqew \o-scm-gp-°n√msX ar-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂p. A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂ 30 i-Xam\w cq-£-am-b a-en-\o-Ic-Ww aq-ew D-]tbmKn-°m≥ ]‰mØ A-h-ÿbn-ep-sa-Øn. \-ZnI-sf B-{i-bn-®m-Wv \ΩpsS Ir-jnbpw Po-hn-X-hpw kw-kv-Im-chpw F√mw \n-esIm-≈p-∂-Xv. hn-I-k-\-tØm-Sp-≈ k¿°m-cn-s‚ A-Xym¿Øn-bm-Wv a-en-\o-Ic-Ww kr-„n-°p-∂-Xv. \-Zn-I-fp-sS Xo-csØ√mw hy-h-km-b-߃ X-g-®p-h-f¿-∂-tXm-sS a-en-\oIcWw aqew \-Zn-Iƒ a-cn-°p-∂ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv F√mbnSØpw. ]-cn-ip-≤-sa-∂v \-Ωƒ hn-iz-kn®p-t]m-cp-∂ KwKbpsS A-\p`-hw X-s∂-bm-Wv an-° \-Zn-Iƒ-°p-ap-≈X - v. kzm-X-{¥yw In-´n ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n-∂n-Sp-tºmƒ Kw-Km\Znsb ip-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v tIm-Sn-Iƒ sNehn-tS≠ Zp-c-h-ÿ-bn-em-Wv \-Ωƒ. \-Ωp-sS \-ZnI-sf \-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv \mw X-s∂-bm-sW-∂-Xn-\v C-Xn¬∏-cw sXfnhv th-≠-Xn√. \-Zn-I-fp-sS C∂-sØ Zp-c-h-ÿ-bv°v {]-[m-\ Imc-Ww A-\n-b-{¥n-Xam-b J-\-\-am-Wv. P-\-{]-Xn\n-[n-Iƒ Dƒ-s∏-sS F√m-h¿°pw C-X-dn-bmw. F-∂n´pw J\\w \n-b{- ¥n°mt\m \-ZnI-sf kw-c£ - n°mt\m Bcpw X-øm-dm-hm-Ø-Xv F-¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv. Rm\pw \n-ß-fpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂ cm-PysØ ]u-c≥-am¿-s°√mw C-Xn-\v DØ-cw ]dbm≥ _m- [ y- X - b p- ≠ v . \- Z nI- s f sIm√p- ∂ - h ¿- ° v , as‰mc¿∞-Øn¬ \-Ωfpw \n-»-–-am-bn Iq-´p-\n¬-°p-∂p. \-Zn-I-tfm-Sv C-Øn-cn-sb-¶nepw \-ap-°v kv-t\-l-ap-≠m-bncp∂psh-¶n¬ Cu Zp-c-¥-sØ Ip-d-s®-¶nepw {]Xn-tcm-[n°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. hn-Ik - \ - {- ]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - ƒ \-SØ - p-Is - b-∂Xvv am-{X-a√ P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS I-S-a. ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw ]pgI-sfbpw kw-c£ - n-°m-\p-≈ _m[y-Xbpw A-h¿-°p-≠v. \-Ωp-sS F-{X P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[nIƒ Cu t_m-[y-tØm-sS {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. B-cp-an√ F-∂-Xm-Wv bm-Ym¿-∞yw. sXc-s™-Sp-∏v L-´ß - f - n¬ thm-´n-\p-th-≠n \-ap-°v ap-∂n¬ h-cp-∂ cm-{„o-b°m-tcm-Sv thm-´n-s‚ hne t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ I-gn-b-Ww. \-Ωp-sS thm-´v F¥pw sN-øm-\p-≈ ]h¿ Hm-^v A-t‰m¿-Wn-b-s√-∂v Ah-sc \n-c¥cw Hm¿-a-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. 14

]n. kptc-jv_m_p

thm-´-`y¿-∞n-®v h-cp∂-h-tcm-Sv I-gn-™ A©p-h¿j-sØ `cW-Øn-\n-sS ]-cn-ÿn-Xn°pw \-Zo-kw-c-£-W-Øn\pw th≠n \n-߃ F-¥p sN-bX v- q F-∂v Hm-tcm-cp-Øcpw tNmZn°-Ww. hn-Zym-`ym-k-cw-KØpw km-aqln-I hnI-k-\ cw-KØpw A-h¿ sN-bv-X Im-cy-߃ hn-a¿-i-\-]-c-am-bn hn-ebncpØp-Ibpw th-Ww. P-\-ß-fpsS thm-´n-s‚ i-‡n-sb°pdn®v C-¥y≥ cm-{„o-b-°m¿- H-cn-°epw Nn-¥n-°p-∂n√. \-Ωp-sS thm-´v hm-ßn A-[n-Im-c-Øn-te-dn-b-h¿ \-sΩ AS®p`cn-°p-∂ ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-b A-h-ÿ. A[n-Im-cØns‚ K¿-hn-em-Wv A-h-cp-sS Po-hn-Xw. b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬ thm-´¿-am-cmtWm thm-´v hm-ßp-∂-hcmtWm B-cmWvv h-epsX-∂v Hm-tcm-cp-Øc - pw Nn-¥n-°Ww. \-Ωp-sS kw-kvIm-c-sØbpw ]-cn-ÿn-Xn-sbbpw kw-c£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ B-[p\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-k- k-{º-Zm-bw ]-cm-Pb-s∏-Sp∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv hm-kv-Xhw. hn-I-k-\-Øn-\p-th≠n {]-Ir-Xn-hn-`h - ß - f - p-sS ]-ca - mh-[n Nq-jW - s - a-∂ B-ib - a - mWv B-[p\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, ]n-s∂ {]-Ir-Xnhn`h-ß-fp-sS ssI-Im-cy-w sN-ø-ep-I-sf-°p-dn®pw. F√mh¿°pw s]m-Xp-hm-bn e-`n-t°-≠p-∂ hn-`-h-߃ Nne hy‡n-If - n-te-°pw I-º\ - n-If - n-te-°p-am-bn Np-cp-°p-Is - b-∂Xm-Wv ssI-Imcyw sNø¬ F-∂-Xv sIm-≠v ]pXn-b hn-Zym`ym-k-coXn \-sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \-Ωp-sS ]T-\w sIm-≠v `q-an-°pw h-\-Øn\pw {]-Ir-Xn°pw F-¥p {]-tbm-P-\-am-Wv In-´p-∂-Xv. H-∂p-an√. A-t∏mƒ am-td-≠-Xv \-Ωp-sS hn-Zym`ym-kc - o-Xn Iq-Sn-bm-hp-∂p. ]-gb - X-ea - p-db - n¬ `q-cn-]£ - hpw \n-c£ - c - c - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]p-gI - s - fbpw {]-Ir-Xn-sbbpw kw-c-£n-°m-\p-≈ hn-ip-≤nbpw a-\ pw A-h¿-°p-≠m-bncp-∂p. {]-Ir-Xn-sb \-in-∏n-°p-∂ B-[p\n-I hn-Zym-`ym-kØns‚ {]-k‡ - n A-t∏mƒ tNmZyw sN-øs - ∏-tS-≠X - m-hp∂p. ap-Jy-ambpw \-Ωp-sS \-Zn-Iƒ t\-cn-Sp-∂-Xv aq-∂v sh√p-hn-fnI-fm-Wv. \-Zo-Xo-c-ß-fp-sS I-tø-‰w, a-en-\o-I-c-Ww, A-an-X Nq-j-Ww. \-Zn-bp-sS Xo-c-ß-fn-se `q-an-sb-hn-sS-sb-∂-Xn-\v P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ DØ-cw \¬-I-Ww. Zn-i \-„-s∏-´v sa-ens™m-gp-Ip-∂ \-Zn-I-fp-sS Xo-c-sa√mw B-cm-Wv I-h-¿-s∂Sp-Ø-Xv. kw-kv-Im-c-߃ h-f¿-∂ph∂ ^-e`q-bn-jvTam-b \Zo-Xo-c-ß-sf-hn-sS F-∂-Xn-s\√mw A-h¿ DØ-cw ]-dbWw. C-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv a-en-\o-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw Nq-j-WØn-s‚bpw Im-cy-Ønepw kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. c-≠n\pw H-cp 15

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