-Munim Singh-

Blue Rose Publishers www.bluerosepublishers.com

Copyright © 2017 Munim Singh All rights reserved All rights reserved by author. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any

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photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. First Published in November 2017 Blue Rose Publishers www.bluerosepublishers.com [email protected] +91 8882 898 898 ISBN: 978-93-87038-69-1

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PREFACE It gives me great pleasure to place this book in the hands of the esteemed readers. The present book is designed to cater to the needs of those interested to know about their ancestral past and also about the history of their clans.The esteemed readers will feel elated to know about their glorious past and their ancestors contribution to the culture and philosophy ,which has become the basis of our present democratic structure recognised and applauded in civilized world. I purport to give a history of the Rajput dynasties which ruled in the ancient and medieval India. Such is the chequered history of ancient India ,rise and fall of the dynasties,victories and defeats in war. But it is commendable that though politically India was overpowered by Muslim invaders and colonised by Britishers,culturally India reclaimed its identity remaining India to the core. The present work besides giving the information about the ancient original habitat and political history of Aryans,it deals with the anti-hindu character of medieval Muslim invaders who not only plundered our wealth but also destroyed and desecrated our places of worship .The forcefully converting our peace loving population creating a nation within our great nation which eventually resulted in the fragmentation of Mother india.

The past history of our forefathers has its bearing on the existing generations which can ill afford to remain indifferent to the lesson taught by it. In my opinion “people will not look forward to posterity who never looks back to their ancestors”. History repeats itself when the lessons taught by it are ignored .Study of ancient history therefore provides a valuable guidance to the present generation in achieving progress in various spheres of activities. Glorious deeds and achievements of the eminent personalities of ancient India inspire and serve as a beacon light to chalk out the future course of Indian history. I am thankful to all those who encouraged me to write this book and also thankful to the publisher who helped publishing this book in this form. I am specially thankful to my daughter-in law Meetu singh and my grandson master Shubham singh who gave their valuable time in editing the final draft of this book.

Contents 

CHAPTER—1 ..................................................................... 1

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Ancient History of Aryans Introduction Original home of Aryans The Harappan culture, The Indus valley civilization Decline of Indus valley civilization Causes of the end of Harappan Culture (Indus Valley civilization Aryan culture and religion The Aryans settled in Northwest of India called Sapta Sindhu. Movement of Aryans towards Gengetic plains The Resemblance of Sanskrit with Greek, Latin, Persian and Avestan. Interest among Europeans in learning Sanskrit The separation of Ancient Persians and Vedic Aryans The Medes and their relation with IndoAryans and Zoroastrians Zarathustra and his monotheism Magian practices Emergence of Mitanni kingdom 17- Sanskrit the mother of all Indoeuropean languages. Devnagri script Vedas and what they tell us. Origin of the caste system The Vedic period or Vedic Age. Rigvedic river Saraswati

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The hunt for river Saraswati Mathematics, Astronomy and Medicines in ancient India Astronomy in ancient Iran by Ancient Aryans.Who are Kayasthas, Epic Age, Ramayana and Mahabharata, Bhagwadgita,Praising Indian culture, Geographical features of India, effect of Geography on the History of India, Artha Shastra of kautilya. Philosophy of Charwak, Lokayata,Vedic prayers of Indra, Agni and Ushas.Who survived after Mahabharata war? Philosophy, Maths, Astronomy,the Arts,Ancient India was cutting edge. Iron pillar of Delhi.

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CHAPTER--2 .................................................................... 82

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King Harshvardhana RajyaShri Northern India after Harsha Emergence of Rajputs Evidence of legend of fire pit at mount Abu Views of Dr V.A.Smith about the origin of Rajputs. The classification of Rajputs in 4 dyanasties and 36 Kulas (clans) Kushans The Shakas The white Hunas The beginning of Muslim invasions Attack by Muhammad-bin-Qasim Which invader Muslim established empire in India Rivalry between two Rajput Kings paved the way to Muslim Rule.

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The Rajput Kingdoms resisted to the Muslim invaders Some Hindu kings sided with Muslim invaders. The Kshatriyas Maharana Pratap Battle of Haldi Ghati Death of Rana Pratap Persecution of Hindus by Muslim Rulers The Purda system and child marriage among Hindus. Eclipse of Buddhism and trying time for Hindusm. Destruction of Somnath temple. Mohammad Ghori Qutb-ud-din Aibak Khilzi dyanasty Tughlag Dynasty. Timur Invasion of India Akbar Sufism failed in Mughal India Aurangzeb Setback to liberal Religious movement under Aurangzeb Atrocities of Tipu Sultan in South Islamic India- The biggest Holocaust in world History Muslim culture and their attitude to their pre-Islamic past 35- Conversions of Hindus to Islam. Spirit of Hinduism in adversity. Hemu, Hemchandra Vikramaditya.

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CHAPTER-3 ................................................................... 116 History of Tomar Rajputs Introduction

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Original land of Tomar Rajputs The presumed genealogy of Tomar Rajputs Tomar Rajputs Branches 6-Handover of Tomar kingdom of Delhi to Chauhans of Ajmer.

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CHAPTER -4 .................................................................. 123 Myth of origin Chauhan dynasty Prithviraj Chauhan Conflict with Jayachand War with Mohammad Ghori First battle of Tarain Second battle

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CHAPTER--5 .................................................................. 129 History of Bhadoriyas History of Bhadawar Introduction: Ater fort Bhind Important persons and places:

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CHAPTER--6 .................................................................. 135 History Of Sengars: Introduction: The Genealogy The Settlement Of Sengars: Sengars: Historical Review: Sengar River Renamed By Sengar Rajputs: Ruru Phaphund Thikana:

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CHAPTER--7 .................................................................. 140 History Of Rathore (Gahadvala ) Rajputs Introduction Jaichandra: Rao Sihaji (Shioji) Notable Rathores Maldeo Rathore: (1511-1562) The Succession: 15th Century Jodhpur. 16th To 19th Century : 20th Century: Ranbanka Palace: Post Independence: 21st Century:

CHAPTER—1

ANCIENT HISTORY OF ARYANS

Introduction:THE MEANING OF ARYA : Arya who hails from a noble family of gentle behaviour and demeanor , good natured and of righteous conduct . The Rigveda uses it as an adjective implying finer quality. The term Arya had the history filled with controversy. The term Aryan originates from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language root. Arya , in classical Sanskrit meaning ‘noble .’ The word Aryan was adopted to refer to native IndoEuropeans including the Romans, Greeks , and Germans .It was soon recognised that celts and slavs also belonged to the same group . In Indian context Rajputs , Gurjars , Jats and Parsees (Zoroastrians) claim that they belong to Aryan race . It was commonly believed that the Aryans originated in South West Eurasian steppes ( present day Russia and Ukraine ) near the Caspian sea . Writers such as De Gobineau argued that the Aryans represented superior branch of humanity.

THE ORIGINAL HOME OF THE ARYANS: The original home of the Aryans is a matter of great controversy. However, it is desirable to refer some of the important theories regarding the original home of the Aryans. 1

The most important theory which held the field for a long time was that the Aryans originally lived in central Asia. In his lectures on science and languages , professor Max Mueller , a German scholar, pointed out that the ancestors of the Indians , Greeks , Persians, Romans ,Germans and the Celts must have lived together originally. The Pitri and Matri in Sanskrit were same as Pidar and Madar in Persian, Father and mother in English and Pater and mater in Roman and Greek. Max Mueller, who translated the Rigveda postulated an origin for all Aryans in Central Asia from where a northern branch was believed to have migrated to Europe and Southern branch came to India and Iran.Aryans were fair complexioned Indo-European speakers who conquered the darkskinned dasas of India,The upper castes particularly the Brahmins ,were thought to be of Aryan descent whereas the lower castes and dalits were thought to be the descedents of dasas.A dalit activist Jyotiba Phule argued that the dasas and Sudras were indigenous people and the rightful inheritors of the land whereas Brahmans were Aryans and alien. The main stream of the Aryans flowed towards the North West of India. The Aryans of Europe migrated by route south of the Caspian sea through Asia Minor to Greece and Italy. Central Asia possesses all those things which are considered necessary for specialisation in languages and culture. According to some historians , about the middle of the 2nd millennium BC the first Indo- Aryans seem to have penetrated into Northwest India in Punjab and adjacent 2

regions across the passes of Hindukush mountains from where they spread further after defeating hostile groups of people named Dasa or Dasyu (in Vedic text). Indo Aryan people are an ethnolinguistic group of people that speak diverse Indo-Aryan languages. Many Hindu nationalists are uncomfortable with the idea that the ancient roots of the Indian people may lie outside the sacred geography of the sub-continent.Over the last few years .genetics has begun to offer its own findings which much more definitively indicate that a people who may have been Aryans moved into the sub-continent approximately 4000 to 5000 years ago. Indo-Aryan migration theory,a controversy for the ages is fuelling discussion. An article published in The Hindu news paper highlighted the genetic evidence that the Indo-Aryans people came from Central Asia. Before the time of the Aryan migration in to the Indian sub-continent there was a highly developed society in ancient India known as the Indus valley civilization , which was located in what is Pakistan and Northwest India today . On the fertile flood plain of the Indus river and its vicinity . The earliest evidence of religious practices in this area dates back to 5500 BCE . The farming settlemet began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first sign of urbanisation and around 2000 BCE the Indus valley civilization was at its peak. In early Vedic literature, the term Aryavarta (abode of the Ayans was the name given to northern India, where the 3

Indo Aryan culture was based. Manusmriti gives the name Aryavarta to the tract between the Himalaya and the Vidhya ranges,from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian sea.The earliest epigraphically attested reference to the word Arya occurs in the 6th century BC .Behistun,Iran.This inscription of Darius first does not signify any thing but “Iranian” Initially the term Arya was used to designate those who worshipped the Vedic deities and followed Vedic culture.Arya and Anarya are primarily used in the moral sense in the Hindu Epics.People are usually called Arya or Anarya based on their behaviour. It is belived that Aryans have origin in Eurasia.Lingustic theories were mainly responsible for the theory of Indo Aryans as Eurasian race. In the Vedic literature, no reference, to any word relating to the sea has been found,and that is why it can be surmised that it is the land route that was used by the Aryans in their migration to India. Archaeological evidence: The date of the rock inscriptions at Boghazkoi, in Asia Minor (modern Turkey)belonged to 1400 BC.The Hittite Kings mentioned such Vedic gods as Indra,Mitra,and Varuna,etc.That is why it is assumed that the Aryans came to India from foreign land.

ANCIENT INDIAN CIVILISATION IN SOVIET CENTRAL ASIA: The history of relations between India and Russia goes back to ancient times.New researches have given 4

convincing proof that close cultural relations between the people of Central Asia and India already existed as far back as the period of the Harappan civilisation. There are many references, the customs, beliefs and traditions of her peoples and their culture in ancient Russian literature. The image of India as a country of wealth, wisdom and wonders gradually took shape. There were very ancient ties between the peoples of India and Transcaucasia. In ancient Georgia the Indian Panchtantra enjoyed enormous popularity. An Indian temple was built in near Baku the present day capital of Azerbaijan which used to be thronged by a multitude of pilgrims from India.The Ossetians one of the nationalities in the Caucasus are closely related ,linguistically ,with the Indo-Aryans-creators of the Vedas. The people of Volga region were long ago the connecting link between between Russia and India. In the Northern Black sea areas archaeologists and linguists are finding traces not only of Aryan tribes but also of tribes who were ancestors of the Indo-Aryans. Some of the nationalities of the Baltic region, Lithuanians and Latvians have a common origin with the Indians: they belong to the peoples of the Indo-Euoropean family of languages. A Russian translation of the Bhagwadgita was published in Russia in 1788 AD, In 1792,writer and historian Nikolai Karamzin translated the Shakuntala by Kalidasa. He wrote:”Kalidasa is for me as great as Homer.”Leo Tolstoy had a lifelong interest in Indian culture. After reading the hymns of Rigveda, Tolstoy wrote,” that the Vedas convey very high sentiments”. 5