sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

{Ko≥ _pIvkv

amf-bpsS ss]Xr-I-`q-hn¬ sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

1951 G{]n¬ 5\v P\-\w. 40 h¿jw amf ImØenIv bqWn-b≥ Nn´okv Imjy¿. 2011-˛2016 IqØm-´p-Ipfw ao‰v s{]mUIv‰vkv Hm^v C¥y Ub-d-IvS¿ (tI-cf k¿°m¿ ÿm]-\w), 1983-˛1991 Ipcp-hn-e-t»cn kl-I-cW _m¶v Ub-d-IvS¿, tIcf Ipdn-°-º\n Fwtπm-bokv bqWn-b≥ sk{I-´-dn, P\X P\-d¬ h¿t°gvkv bqWn-b≥ Pn√m sshkv {]kn-U-≠v, amf atlm-’hw kph-\o¿ IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥, amf kn.-ssh.-Fw.-F. sk{I-´-dn, Ne\w; amf ÿm]I {]kn-U-≠v, amf B¿Svkv skmssk‰n sk{I-´-dn, P\-Xm-Zƒ bpssW-‰Uv kwÿm\ IΩn‰n AwKw, P\-Xm-Zƒ \n. afiew {]kn-U-≠v, Fkv.-kn.Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv. ]n.-Sn.-F. {]kn-U‚ v. Ct∏mƒ P\-Xm-Zƒ (bp) kwÿm\ Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, Pn√m `mjm {]h¿ØI kanXn sNb¿am≥, IrjvW≥tIm´ P\X a’ysØm-gn-emfn bqWn-b≥ h¿°nwKv {]kn-U-≠v, amf ]mcnjv Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, km¥z\w s]bn≥ B‚ v ]men-tb-‰ohv sIb¿ bqWn‰v AwKw. 1

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

2

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

Ncn{Xw

amf-bpsS ss]Xr-I-`q-hn¬

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

{Ko≥ _pIvkv 3

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

green books private limited gb building, civil lane road, ayyanthole, thrissur- 680 003, kerala, ph: +91 487-2381066, 2381039 website: www.greenbooksindia.com e-mail: [email protected] malayalam malayute paithrukabhoovil history by k.c. varghese kannampuzha first published october 2017 copyright reserved cover design : rajesh chalode front cover photo courtesy : mentor branches: thrissur 0487-2422515 palakkad 0491-2546162 kannur 0497-2763038 thiruvananthapuram 8589095301 isbn : 978-93-87331-04-4 no part of this publication may be reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. green books pvt ltd make no representations or warranties for assurances as to any events, dates for informations in this book and have no responsibility for the content accuracy for completeness and shall not be liable for any subsequent injuries for damages. GBPL/971/2017

4

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

Cuiz-c\p \µn, R߲ fo blq-Z¿ t]mI-bmbn imiz-Xh - n-{i-aÿ m-\˛ an{km-tb¬ ]qIm≥. A{iq-cp-≤¿ Im◊p R߃ tIc-ft- a, hnS-\e - vIm≥ ]®bmw sXtßme hoin \nev°b - t√m \o. \n≥\r-]m-es - c-¥p-Zm-c˛ Ncn-X∑ - m¿, Fs¥mcp ku˛ P\y-io-e¿ \n≥P-\-߃! ARvPkm R߃ hf-am¿∂ \ns‚ aÆn¬ thcp-d®p hf¿∂p, \n≥˛ sXfn-hm-\n-te°p ssIØm¿˛ sam´p-Iƒ Iq∏n. Xncn-s®-Øo-Sp-Ib - m-bm˛ ∏q¿∆n-Iamw Xd-hm-´n¬ Ncn-{X-Øn-∂`- b - m¿∞n˛ ∏cnj R߃ Aßp hmbv°pw \µn-tbmsS tIc-f-ta, R߃ \ns‚ sXßp shbv°p, aXn≥ Ipfn˛ tcme-IƒtXmdpw kuc`w hoio-Sp-tam¿Ω Nen-°t- ´, kln-jvWp-Xm˛ kulr-Zß - f - X - n¬ t]¿Øpw Ipe-®o-Ss´! ssh-tem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ 5

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

6

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

D≈-S°w BapJw sI.-kn. h¿Kokv IÆ-ºpg 11

amf-bpsS ]pcm-hrØw tUm.-Fw.-Pn. iin-`q-j¨ 21

Biwk s{]m^. Fw.-Pn.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W≥ 29 "amf' Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn 33 {InkvXp-hn\v apºp≈ amf 36 amf 1˛mw \q‰m≠v apX¬ 38 hntZi aX-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-h-chv 40 amf-bnse blq-Z -Po-hn-Xw 49 amf-°m-cpsS bqZ≥amjv 59 blqZ°-cm-dp-Ifpw amf-bnse hnhm-Z-ßfpw 62 amfblq-Z¿ C{km-tb-en¬ 82 amf°-S-hns‚ ]ucm-Wn-IX 85 amfbpw kmºm-fq¿ amlm-flyhpw 88 s\Spt¶m´bpw Sn∏pkp¬Øm\pw 92 ]pØ≥Nnd-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\yw 101 Ipgq¿ ˛ BZn tNc-∑m-cpsS Bÿm\w 115 amf-bnse {][m\ `-‡n-tI-{µ-߃ 123 amf-bpsS cmjv{Sob Ncn{Xw 145 amf-bnse kmwkvIm-cnI ˛ cmjv{Sob {]Xn-`-Iƒ 165 amf-bpsS Bbp¿thZ Ncn{Xw 184 A\yw \n∂p-t]mb ÿm]-\-߃ 188 Ct°mSqdnkhpw amfbpw 195 7

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

8

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

9

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

10

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

BapJw N-cn-{XsØ IrXy-ambn \n¿∆-Nn-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. {Ko°p`m-j-bn¬ lnÃdn F∂ ]Z-Øn\v "At\z-jWw' F∂mW¿∞w. kw`-hß-fpsS Hcp ]´n-I-b√ Ncn{Xw. Bi-bßfpsS Nc-Sn¬ tIm¿Ø `qX-Ime kw`-h-ß-fpsS Hcp lmc-ambn AXns\ IW-°m-°mw. `qX-Ime kw`-hß - fpw AXns‚ bYm¿∞ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°phm\p≈ {iaw Hcp Ncn{X-c-N-\-bm-Imw. `qXIme-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ kw`-cn-°mØ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw A¿∞-iq-\yamWv. Xe-ap-dI - f - n¬ \n∂v e`n-°p∂ Bi-bß - fpw k¶ev]ßfpw {]XoI-ßfpw Hcp P\-X-bpsS knc-I-fn¬ A\pkyqXw Hgp-In-s°m≠n-cn-°pw. AXv I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-°p∂Xv Bfl-\n-tj-[hpw ]cn-lm-ky-hp-am-Wv. Ncn-{X-an-√mØ P\X, Ncn-{X-sØ-∏‰n A⁄-cm-Ip-∂, kvac-W-I-fn-√mØ a\p-jy-s\-t∏msebmWv. \S∂v h∂ hgn ad∂v ho´n-se-Øm≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp sIm®p-Ip-´nsb t]mse-bmWv kz¥w A\p-`h - ß - f - psS kvacW \jvSs - ∏´ kaqlw Ime-Øns‚ \m¬°-he - b - n¬ \n∂v Ic-bp-I. Ne\-c-ln-X-amb `qX-Ime-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-ambn Ncn-{XsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ Hcn-°epw am‰w kw`-hn°m-dn-√t- √m. \√Xpw NoØbpw Xncn-®d- n-bp-hm-\p≈ hnthIamWv Ncn{Xw. AXv a\p-jys\ ]Iz-a-Xnbpw hnth-Inbpw B°n Xo¿°pw. a\p-jys\ hnth-In-bm-°p∂ hn⁄m-\im-J-bm-Wv Ncn-{X-sa∂v k¿ {^m≥kokv t_°¨ A`n{]m-bs - ∏-´n´p-≠v. Ncn{Xw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w At\z-jW - w, Kthj-Ww, hni-Zo-I-c-Ww, hn⁄m-\-k-ºm-Z\w Fs∂ms°bmWv. Ncn{Xw a\p-jys‚ A\p-`-h-Øns‚ cXv\-®p-cp-°am-IW - s - a-¶n¬ AXn\v k¿h-Ime {]-k‡ - n-bp-≠mIWw. 11

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

a\pjym-\p-`h ]mT-ßsf ka-{K-Xt- bmsS kXy-Øns‚ ASnÿm-\-Øn¬ ASp°pw Nn´-tbmSpw IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ AXv Hcp \·-N-cn-{X-am-bn-Øo-cpw. Bi-b-߃, BZ¿i߃, hnizm-k-߃, BNm-c-߃, kmlnXyw, Ie, imkv{Xw, XØz-Nn-¥-Iƒ, aXw, kwKoXw XpS-ßn-b-hbvs°√mw Ncn{X-ap-≠v. Hcp hy‡n-bp-sStbm kaq-l-Øns‚tbm cmPy-Øn-s‚tbm BZ¿i-Øn-s‚tbm Bcw-`hpw {]bm-Wß - fpw AXpfhm-°p∂ hf¿®bpw Xf¿®-bp-am-bncn-°Ww Ncn-{X-Øns‚ {]Xn-]mZyw. C∂v \mw Pohn-°p-∂Xv k¶o¿W-amb Hcp temIØmWv. kz¥w hy‡n-Xz-sØ°p-dn®pt]mepw th≠{X ]cn-⁄m-\-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. a\p-jy-a-\- pIsf kzm[o-\n-°p∂ am[ya kwkvIm-cß - fpw cmjv{So-bhpw aX-]c - h - p-amb CS-s]-Se - p-If - psS I¿Ω-^e - a - mbn \mw Pohn°p∂ temI-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m≥ IgnbmØ k¶p-NnXamb at\m-hn-Im-c-߃ hnI-kn-®p-h-cp∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. Ncn{X-Øn¬\n∂pw \ap°v e`n-°p-∂Xv Adnhns‚ Du¿÷w am{X-a√; shfn®w IqSn-bm-Wv. Npcp°-Øn¬, t]mb \q‰m≠p-If - psS cl-ky-ßf - n-te-°p≈ Xmt°mepw Cu Ime-L-´sØ ^e-h-Øm-°m-\p≈ A\p-`-h-ßfpw `mhnsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ shfn-®h - p-amWv Ncn-{X-]T - \w. Ncn{Xw Bsc-bpw aSp-∏n-°p-∂n-√. ]g-a° - m-cpsS hmsam-gn-If - n¬ \n∂v tI´Xpw ]Tn-®Xpw ]e-t∏m-gmbn Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm°n kq£n-®n-cp-∂p. ]Tn® ]mT-]p-kvXI-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ Adn-hp-Ifpw kam-l-cn-®n´p≠v. henb Ncn{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS ]pkvX-I-߃ ]eXpw t{ImUo-Ic - n®v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw {ian-®n-´p-≠v. A\p-`h - ßfpw kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬ Cu hnj-b-tØmSv aaX ]pe¿Øp-hm\pw Ign-™p. P\n® \mSn-s\-°p-dn®v Adnhp≈ Imcy-߃ hcpw-Xe - a - p-db - v°mbn FgpXn kq£n-°p∂Xv Hcp IS-ab - mbpw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p≈ {]b-Xv\amWo cN\. {]mtZ-inI Ncn-{X-c-N\ C∂v hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse ]mTyhn-j-b-ß-fn¬s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. AXn¬ Gsd kt¥m-jap-≠v. ASp-Øp≈ hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse Ip´n-Iƒ CXn-\mbn kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ Ch¿°mbn th≠{X Imcy-߃ ]d™v sImSp-°p-Ibpw ssIbn-ep≈ Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw teJ-\-ßfpw 12

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

]pkvX-I-ßfpw sImSpØv klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. {]mtZ-inI Ncn{X-c-N-\m-a-’-c-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ kwÿm-\X-ew-hsc FØn-t®¿∂p-sh∂v Adn-bp-∂-Xnepw NmcnXm¿∞y-ap-≠.v Ah¿ \µn ]d-bp-hm≥ hcp-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ B\-µ-amWv CØcw Hcp kwcw-`-Øn\v t{]c-W-bm-Ip∂Xv. Cu cN\ Ah¿°v `mhn-bn¬ Hcp klm-b-am-hs´ F∂min°p-∂p. temI kwkvIm-cß - f - psS IS∂p hc-hpsIm≠v- Ncn-{X{]m-[m\yap≈ Hcp {]tZ-i-amWv amfbpw ]cn-k-c-ßfpw. Ncn{X-]-c-amb AS-bm-f-߃ Cu aÆn¬ [mcmfw A¥¿eo\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp-]t£ sImSp-ß√ - q-cn¬\n∂pw Ggv \mgnI Ing-°p-amdn InS-°p∂ {]tZ-i-am-b-Xn-\m-em-IWw amfbv°v C{Xbpw {]m[m\yw. Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ae-{º-tZ-i-ß-fn-te-°p≈ IpSn-tb-‰-Øn¬ amfsb am‰n \n¿Øn-bp≈ {]bmWw Akm-[y-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. blqZ-cpsS {]mNo-\m-[n-\n-thiw sIm≠v amf temI-`q-]S- Ø - n¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®p. AΩ ssZh߃°v {]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cp∂ {ZmhnU kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ ebn-®n-cp∂ _p≤-˛-ssP-\-˛-ssih aXßfpsS kzm[o\w H∂mw \q‰m-≠n\p aptº {]I-S-am-bncp∂p. hntZ-io-b-cmb \mhn-I-cpsS bm{Xm-°p-dn-∏p-I-fn¬ amfsb tcJ- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b ncp∂p. hntZ- i - \ m- h n- I - c n¬ {]apJ\mb kv{Smt_m(STRABO)bpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W°pdn∏p-Iƒ, F.Un 47¬ FØnb ln∏m-eqkv F∂ hym]mc{]-ap-Js‚ Ub-dn-Iƒ, F.-Un.50-˛¬ Xømdm-°nb πo\n-bpsS \m®z-d¬ lnÃdn, hniz-{]-kn-≤\mb tSmf-anbpsS `qhnhcW kam-l-c-Ww, s]cn-πkvImcs‚ Ub-dn°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ F∂nh Ncn{X-hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v {]tNm-Z-\amWv. F.-Un. 522¬ tIcf-Øn-se-Ønb Ae-Ik v m≥{Sn-b≥ \mhn-I≥ tImkvtamkv At±l-Øns‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-WØn¬ Ipcp-ap-fIv hnf-bp∂ amf-sb-°p-dn®pw AhnsS {InkvXym-\n-Isf I≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn°p∂p. kwL-Im-e-Ir-Xn-I-fnse hymJym-\-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v sImSpß-√q-cn\pw Ipgp-aq-cn\pw (Ip-gq¿) a≤y-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ amf ]ucm-Wn-IX - b - psS Hcp-]mSv Ncn{XhkvXp-XI-fpsS hnf-\n-e-am-Wv. 13

amfbpsS ss]Xr-I` - q-hn¬

apkn-cn-kns‚ Bÿm\w sImSp-ß-√q-cmbn C∂v ]cnKWn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXns‚ ÿnco-Ic - W - Ø - n-\m-hi - yamb `qK¿` -D-XvJ-\-\-sam∂pw \S-Øn-bn-´n-s√∂pw 2006¬ A[n-Im-cØ - n¬ h∂ CS-Xp-]£ k¿°m¿ GXm\pw Nne A\p-am-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ BbXv Xocp-am-\n°pIbm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ncn{X ]fin-X\ - mb s{]m^-k¿ Fw.-Pn.-Fkv. \mcm-bW - ≥ ka¿∞n-°p∂Xv X≈n-°f - b - m\m-hn-√. C¥y-bn¬ G‰hpw Ipdhv DXvJ\ - \w \S-∂n-´p-≈Xv tIc-f-Øn-em-Ws{X! Sn.-F≥. {]Xm-]≥ Fw.-F¬.F Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv \S-Ønb 2011se amf atlm-’-h-tØm-S-\p_-‘n-®p≈ Ncn{X skan-\m¿ Hcp-]mSv Ncn{X ]fin-XcpsS km∂n-[yw-sIm≠v [\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXnse {]`m-jW߃ Hcp Dƒhn-fn-t]mse Cu cN-\bv°v B°w h¿[n-∏n®n-cp-∂p. 2100 h¿j-tØmfw amfbv°v ]g-°-ap-s≠∂pw _n.kn Ime-L-´-Ønse \mW-b-߃ amf-bn¬ \n∂pw Ipgns®-Sp-ØXpw _p≤-kv{Xo-I-fpsS BNm-c-h-kv{X-Øn\\p- k rX- a mb sRdn- b p≈ N´bpw ap≠pw ]n∂oSv {Inkv X y≥ kv { XoIƒ D]- t bm- K n®v XpS- ß n- b - X ns‚ ImcWßfpw sFcm-Wn-°pfw {Kma-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-ta-∑bpw ssP\-˛-_p≤-a-X-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-ßfpw amf atlm-’hØn¬ \n∂pw e`n® Adn-hp-I-fm-Wv. sIm®n≥ B¿°ntbm-fP - n-°¬ hn`mKw 1946¬ Xncp-h© - n-°p-fØv \S-Ønb DXvJ-\-\-ßfpsS XpS¿® amf-bnepw sFcm-Wn-°p-fØpw \S-Øn-bncp-s∂-¶n¬ apkn-cnkv kw_-‘n® IqSp-X¬ hnhc߃ e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v tUm.-Fw.-Pn. iin`qj¨ hne-bncpØn kwkm-cn-®ncp-∂p. ]n∂oSv XpS¿J-\\ß-sfm∂pw \S-∂n-√. IqSmsX s{]m^. ]n.-kn. tXma-kv, hn.-sI. {io[c≥ F∂n-hcpw amf-bpsS ss]XrI ]mc-ºcyw Du∂n-∏d - ™ p. HcpIm-eØv {]mtZ-inI kzbw-]cym-]vXX - bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ amf C∂v A{X-tØm-fa - n√ F∂Xn¬ ZpxJap-≠v. amf-bnse sI.F. tXmakv amÿ Ncn-{X-]c - a - mb Is≠Ø-ep-Iƒ°v XmXv]cy-sa-SpØp {]h¿Øn® hy‡n-bm-Wv. At±-lh - p-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kplrZv_‘w hgn Ipsd Imcy߃ {Kln°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-´p≠v. amf-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-X-bn¬ ap…ow kap-Zm-bsØ kw_- ‘ n® Imcy- ß ƒ hnc- f - a m- b mWv e`n- ° p- ∂ - X v . 14

sI.-kn. h¿§okv IÆ-ºpg

C¥ybn¬ ap…ow`c-W-Iq-S-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\v apºpXs∂ tIc-f-Ønepw amf-bnepw Ad-_n-cm-Py-_-‘-߃ {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn-emWv C…mw-aX {]Nm-c-WØn\v th≠n {]hm-NI - s‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ At±-lØ - ns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ F-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. F.-Un. Bdpw Ggpw \q‰m≠n¬-Øs∂ B aXw tIc-f-Øn¬ {]N-cn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-sb-¶nepw Ad-_n-`mjm {KŸ-ßfpw tcJ-Ifpw Is≠-Øn-sb-¶n¬ am{Xta B Ime-L-´-sØ-°p-dn®v Adnbp-hm≥ \n¿∆ml-ap-≈q. F∂m¬ C°mcy-Øn¬ ˛ Ncn{X kwc-£-W-Øn¬ ˛ Ah¿ Gsd ]n∂n-em-bn-cp-∂pXm-\pw. amf F∂ \maw Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn F∂-Xn¬ Hcp \nKa\-Øn-se-Øm≥ Ncn-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿°v C\nbpw Ign-™n´n√. Ipµw-Ip-f-Øn-\-SpØpw tKmh-bnepw amf-bp-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu amfsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ Ncn-{X-]-fin-X∑mcpsS A\p-am-\-ßsf√mw CXn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. {InkvXphn\v apºp≈ amfbpsS Ncn{X]›m-Ø-ehpw tcJ-s∏-SpØp-hm≥ {ian-®n-´p-≠v. H∂mw \q‰m≠v apX-ep≈ Cu {]tZi-Øns‚ {]bmWw hnhn[ kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw A[n\n-th-i-ßfpsSbpw Db¿®bpw XmgvNbpw \nd™XmsW∂v Ncn{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ ]T-\h - n-jb - a - m-t°≠-Xm-Wv. hntZ-i-a-X-ß-fpsS IS-∂p-h-c-hv amf-bpsS {]m[m\yw h¿[n-∏n-®p. BZyw {InkvXp-a-Xhpw ]n∂oSv C…mw-a-Xhpw Chn-tS°v hym]n-®p. F∂m¬ AXn\v apºmbn sImSp-ß√q-cn¬ H∂mw \q‰m≠v apX¬ blq-Z-a-Xhpw kzm[o\apd∏n-®n-cp-∂p. ]Xn-Ωq∂mw \q‰m-t≠m-sS-bmWv amf-bn-te°v blq-Z¿ IpSn-tb-dn-b-Xv. F√m aX-ß-sfbpw kzoI-cn® kulr-Z-amWv A∂pw amf-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. amf-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-IX - b - n¬ G‰hpw Du¿÷n-Xa - m-bXv blq-Z{- ]-thi-\hpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-am-Wv. Ime-߃°p-tijw C{km-tb¬ cmPyw cq]o-Ir-Xa - m-bt- ∏mƒ blq-Zc - psS ]emb-\hpw XpS¿∂p-≠mb amf-bnse hnhn[ hnhm-Z-ßfpw th≠{X coXn-bn¬ kXy-k‘ - a - mbn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-hm≥ ]cn{i-an-®n-´p-≠v. amss¥ ˛ s]cp-¥p-ds - b∂ amf-°S- h - ns‚ ]ucm-Wn-IX as‰mcp khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. amf-tbmSp sXm´p-In-S-°p∂ kmºm-fq¿ amlmflyw Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂Xpw amf IS-hn-eq-sSbm-bn-cp-∂p. Ad-_n-°S- e - p-ambn sImSp-ß√ - q-cn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ 15