Notes of Lession of Siddha Toxicology (Nanju Maruthuvam)

Copyright © 2021 by S. R. Pholtan Rajeev All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its copyright holder indicated above.

ISBN: 978-93-90720-13-2 Publishing Year 2021

Published by: Sankalp Publication Head Office: Ring Road 2 Gaurav Path, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh – 495001 Phones: +91 9111395888 +91 9111396888 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sankalppublication.com

Notes of Lession of Siddha Toxicology (Nanju Maruthuvam) Syllabus Covered For MD (Siddha) First Year Paper -II Basic Principles of Nanju Maruthuvam

Dr. J. Abishobia Dr. N. Jaison Dr. K. Nagapalani Saraswathi Dr. S. R. Pholtan Rajeev Dr. K. Pooja Dr. G. Sakthi Dr. M. Siva Dr. P. Suriya Dr. S. Vasanth Singh Dr. Zeenath Roshan Ara

NOTES OF LESSON OF SIDDHA TOXICOLOGY

(eQ;R kUj;Jtk;-Nanju Maruthuvam) SYLLABUS COVERED FOR MD (Siddha) FIRST YEAR PAPER -II BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NANJU MARUTHUVAM

EDITED by; Prof. Dr. M. THIRUTHANI MD (S), PGDYN Head of the Department of Post Graduate Nanju Maruthuvam

COMPILATION by; 2017 - 2020 BATCH (18th MD(S) Batch) (PANAL OF AUTHORS) 1. Dr. J. ABISHOBIA 2. Dr. N. JAISON 3. Dr. K. NAGAPALANI SARASWATHI 4. Dr. S. R. PHOLTAN RAJEEV 5. Dr. K. POOJA 6. Dr. G. SAKTHI 7. Dr. M. SIVA 8. Dr. P. SURIYA 9. Dr. S. VASANTH SINGH 10. Dr. ZEENATH ROSHAN ARA

POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF NANJU MARUTHUVAM, GOVT. SIDDHA MEDICAL COLLEGE, PALAYAMKOTTAI, TIRUNELVELI 627 002. TAMIL NADU, INDIA

GUIDED BY: Prof. Dr. M. P. ABDUL KADER JEYLANI MD (S)- Head of the Department of UG LECTURERS: Dr. C. Thirumavalavan MD (S) Dr. S. Balamani MD (S) Dr. G. Chenthamaraiselvi MD (S) ABOUT AUTHORS……… Dr. J. ABISHOBIA She is from Sankarankovil, Thirunelveli, graduated from ATSVS College, Munchirai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. She published 05 research articles in indexed journals. She presented oral presentations in several conferences. She is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. N. JAISON He is from Kanyakumari, graduated from ATSVS College, Munchirai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. He published 05 research articles in indexed journals. He won prizes in several presentations in conferences. He is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. K. NAGA PALANI SARASWATHI She is from Thirunelveli, graduated from Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. She published 05 research articles in indexed journals. She presented oral presentations in several national and international conferences. She is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. S. R. PHOLTAN RAJEEV He is from Vavuniya, Sri Lanka, graduated from University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. He is government Medical Officer in PDIM, EP, Sri Lanka. He published more than 30 research articles in indexed journals and 02 books. He is urge to prove Siddha toxicology in scientific basis through modern research. Dr. K. POOJA She is from Palani, graduated from RVS College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. She published 05 research articles in indexed journals. She presented presentations in several conferences. She is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology.

Dr. G. SAKTHI He is from Naamakal, graduated from Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. He published 05 research articles in indexed journals. He conducted several CME programmes for UG students and He launched a handbook on GCP in Siddha. He is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. M. SIVA He is from Puliyankudi, Thirunelveli, graduated from ATSVS College, Munchirai, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. He published 08 research articles in indexed journals. He presented 02 poster presentation in various conference. He is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. P. SURIYA She is from Ammapettai, Thanjavur, graduated from Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. She published 08 research articles in indexed journals. She presented 03 poster & 01 oral presentation in various conference. She is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. S. VASANTH SINGH He is from Thoothukudi. Basically, he is graduated in BPT in Vels College of Physiotherapy, Chennai. Then, He Graduated from Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. He published 05 research articles in indexed journals. He is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology. Dr. ZEENATH ROSHAN ARA She is from Thirunelveli, graduated from Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. She published 05 research articles in indexed journals. She did several oral presentations and won prizes various national and international conferences. She is urge to do something to Siddha toxicology.

FORWARD

It contributes me great pleasure to present these notes of lesson work on nanju maruthuvam, a complete detailed. The authors are my students and they did their specialization Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) in Nanju Maruthuvam (Siddha Toxicology) in The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Tamil Nadu, India. Therefore, they had to plan to create notes of the lesson according to the new syllabus of first-year MD Nanju Maruthuvam. This text consists of all Siddha toxicological facts in evidence-based with modern medical science in an elaborate manner with every chapter by each author. Though this book authors had done a tremendous job, they tried their level best to complete the work in a perfect manner. I congratulate all authors for their sincere efforts in this prominent work. I hope this work will be of great use to the scholars of nanju maruthuvam and also to the other Siddha postgraduates, staff & research scholars who wish to know about Siddha toxicology. I wish all authors every success in their endeavor.

Prof. Dr. M. Thiruthani MD(S) Principal, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli – 627 002. (Affiliated The Tamil Nadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai.)

CONTENTS 1. The concept of 96 Thathuvam Applied in Nanju Maruthuvam. 1.1. Introduction & Important of 96 Thathuvam 1.2. 96 Thathuvam Applied in Nanju Maruthuvam 2. Concept of Tastes in Nanju Maruthuvam 2.1. Introduction of concepts of Tastes 2.2. Important of Tastes 2.3. Role of Tastes in Nanju Maruthuvam 3. Ennvagaithervu 3.1. Introduction of Ennvagaithervu 3.2. Important of Ennvagaithervu 3.3. Role of Ennvagaithervu in Nanju Maruthuvam 4. Daily disciplines (Naalozhukkam), Seasonal disciplines (Kaalaozhukkam) 4.1. Introduction of Naalozhukkam & Kaalaozhukkam 4.2. Important 4.3. Role in Nanju Maruthuvam 5. Determination of poison as per Siddha and Modern texts 5.1. Introduction of POISON in modern aspect 5.2. Introduction of POISON in siddha aspect 5.3. Determination and classification of poisons in both system of medicine 6. Unavu Nanju (Food Poison) – Indifference in Taste and Potency - Ill effects of certain food combinations - Paathirabaetham- (Toxicity of food substances due to vessels) Food Adulteration - Introduction to bureau of Indian standards) 6.1. Introduction of Unavu Nanju 6.2. Introduction of Paathirabaetham 6.3. Introduction of Food Adulteration 6.4. Precautions and management of food adulterations 7. Concept of ‘Pathiyam’ (Diet and Regimen during medication) 7.1. Introduction of Pathiyam 7.2. Importance or Role of Pathiyam in Nanju maruthuvam 8. Siddha Management of Untoward effect during Purgation, Vomiting, Oil Bath, etc. 8.1. Normal procedures & Siddha Management of Untoward effect of Purgation. 8.2. Normal procedures & Siddha Management of Untoward effect of Vomiting. 8.3. Normal procedures & Siddha Management of Untoward effect of Oil Bath, etc. 9. Important features and management of water, air, environmental and soil pollution mentioned in Siddha and modern texts. Occupational health hazards – Preventive measures, industrial safety. 9.1. Introduction of Environment pollution 9.2. Introduction of Occupational health hazards 9.3. Preventive measures of environment pollution and industrial safety.

10. Basic principles of preparation of Siddha medicines (Siddhargal marunthakkum adippada ivithigal) 10.1.

Introduction of Basic principles of preparation of Siddha medicines

10.2.

Important of preparation of Siddha medicines in nanju maruthuvam

11. Investigate the Adulteration in Siddha Drug 11.1. Introduction of Adulteration in Siddha Drug (Raw material to end product) 11.2.

How to investigate the Adulteration in Siddha Drug

11.3.

Preventive measures of the Adulteration in Siddha Drug

12. Suththimuraigal (purification process of raw drugs)-Importance of purification process, modern technique used to assess the physicochemical changes during suddhi) 12.1.

Introduction and types of Suthimuraigal

12.2. Importance of purification process, modern technique used to assess the physicochemical changes during suddhi 13. Untoward effects of unpurified drugs and improper preparation of drugs. 14. Marunthugalin alavu, anupanam matrum thunaimarunthugalin mukkiyathuvam (importance of drug dosages, vehicle and adjuvant mentioned in Siddha literature) – scientific validation about drug dosages, vehicle and adjuvant. 15. Study of pharmacological evaluation of antidote mentioned in siddha literature. -safety and efficacy of antidotes. 16. Pharmacovigilance – Definitions related to pharmacovigilance studies in National and International guidelines, Clinical & observational studies related to pharmacovigilance in Siddha system of medicine 17. Adverse drug reaction, drug and food interaction. 18. Toxic plants, minerals and metals – pharmacological and toxicological aspects published in reputed texts and journals. 19. Standardization procedures of Siddha drugs as per guidelines – Physico chemical property – other chemical analysis – microbial contamination – pesticide residue, heavy metal analysis. 20. Study about medical ethics in Siddha literatures 21. Ahaalamaranam 22. Duties and Responsibility of medical officer in suspected poisoning cases.

Ӝ

[NOTES OF LESSON FOR NANJU MARUTHUVAM]

1. The concept of 96 Thathuvam Applied in Nanju Maruthuvam 1.1. Introduction & Important of 96 Thathuvam 1.2. 96 Thathuvam Applied in Nanju Maruthuvam Dr. J. ABISHOBIA PG SCHOLAR 1.1. Introduction of 96 Thathuvam

PG Scholars 2017/2018 (18th Palay Batch)

1

[NOTES OF LESSON FOR NANJU MARUTHUVAM]

rpj;jh;fs; vd;w nrhy;ypw;F rpj;jj;ij mwpe;jth;fs; vd;W nghUs;. rpj; - mwpT. clk;gpw;Fs; 96tifahd Ntjpapay; njhopy;fs; eilngWfpd;wd vd;w cz;ikia (mwptpaiy) mwpe;jth;fs; rpj;jh;fs;. mij rpj;jh; jj;Jtq;fs; vd;w ngahpy; mioj;jdh;. kdpj cly; mtuth; ifahy; (cauj;jpy;) vz; rhz; MFk;. ,ij xsitahh; vWk;Gk; jd; ifahy; vz; rhz; vd;fpwhh;. caph;fs; jd; mfyj;jpy; ehd;F rhz; msT gUkDk; 96 tpuw;filg; gpukhzKk; cs;sjhFk;. ,e;j kdpj clypy; 96 tifahd nray;fs; xNu rkaj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wd. ,r;nray;fis kUj;Jtf; fz;Nzhl;lKs;sth;fs; mwpth;. ,d;W etPd kUj;Jt Kiwapy; clw;$w;Wj; jj;Jtq;fs; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fg;gl;lhYk; gyE}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dh; jkpo;r;rpj;jh;fs; ,j;jj;Jtq;fis jd; cliyNa Nrhjidr;rhiyahf;fp mwpe;J> Md;kPfg; ngah;fspy; ,tw;iw mioj;Js;sdh;. kdpj cly; ,aq;Fk; tpjj;ij 96 tifahd jj;Jtq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; rpj;jh;fs; gFj;jdh;. mit> jj;Jtq;fs; 96 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Md;k jj;Jtq;fs; - 24 clypd; thry;fs; - 9 jhJf;fs; - 7 kz;lyq;fs; - 3 Fzq;fs; - 3 kyq;fs; - 3 tpahjpfs; - 3

8. tpfhuhq;fs; - 8 9. Mjhuq;fs; - 6 10. thAf;fs; - 10 11. ehbfs; - 10 12. mtj;ijfs; - 5 13. ITlk;Gfs; - 5

Md;k jj;Jtq;fs; 24 Md;k jj;Jtq;fs; 24k; Ie;J gphpTfis cilaJ. Mit> 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

G+jq;fs; - 5 (epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W> Mfhak;> neUg;G) QhNde;jphpaq;fs; - 5 (nka;> tha;> fz;> %f;F> nrtp) fh;Nke;jphpaq;fs; - 5 (tha;> if> fhy;> kytha;> fUtha;) jd;khj;jpiufs; - 5 (Rit> xsp> CW> Xir> ehw;wk;) me;jf;fuzq;fs; - 4 (kdk;> mwpT> epidT> Kidg;G)

PG Scholars 2017/2018 (18th Palay Batch)

2

[NOTES OF LESSON FOR NANJU MARUTHUVAM]

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

gUcly; tspAly; mwpTly; kdcly; ,d;gcly;

rpj;jh;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; ,e;j 96 jj;Jtq;fspy; (clypd; Ntjpapaypy;) VjhtJ khw;wk; Vw;gbd; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. Ik;G+jq;fSk; rhptu ,aq;fhtpy; ,af;f; ghjpf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf ePh; xUth; clypypUe;J mjpfkhf ntspNawf; $lhJ. ntg;gk; mstha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJNghy; ehbfs; rhptu ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjtpu> %r;R tpLk; mstpYk; xOq;FKiw ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.

1.2.

96 Thathuvam Applied in Nanju Maruthuvam

96 jj;Jtk; Toxicological View

Introduciton clypy; xU nghUs; cl;nrd;why; mJ gy khWghLfis milfpwJ. cl;nry;Yk; nghUs; tha; topahfNth> gpw topahfNth nrd;wplyhk;. cl;nrd;w nghUs; nrhpkhd Rug;GfshYk;> ,ug;ig Rug;GfshYk;> gpw Rug;GfshYk; gy khWghLfis mile;J> Fly; cwpQ;rpfs; %ykhf clYf;F Njit;gLk; nghUl;fs; kl;Lk; gphpj;njLf;fg;gl;L FUjp Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpy; fhf;fpwJ. vQ;rpait rpWePh;> kyk;> tpah;it topahf EiuaPuy; topahf ntspg;gLfpwJ. Commonly, Physiologically 4 Changes - Oxidation (Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;) - Reduction (Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; xLf;fk;) - Conjugation (Grpj Guj;jpy; ,izj;jy;) - Hydrolysis (`l;uhypf;];) 2 Types Acute, Chronic xU nghUs; (er;R/gpw) clypy; cl;GFe;jgpd; mJ clypypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;Fs; gy khWghL milAk;. er;R FwpFzq;fisf; fhl;Lk;; gy jPq;Ffis tpistpf;Fk;. xU er;Rg;nghUis cl;nfhz;lhy; mJ clypypUe;J ntspj;js;sg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; rpWepufk;> EiuaPuy; Kf;fpakhfg; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 75% rpWePh; %ykhfKk; kw;wit kyk;> tpah;it> caph;g;G %ykhf ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW ntspNaw;wg;gltpy;iy vdpy;> clYf;F nghpa ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Mjdhy; er;R jd;ikapd; kpFjpahy; ];ghprk;)  Parentual route (Crptop> guTfy;) khWjy; tha; ,ug;ig (HCL) Gastric Juice S.I & L.I Rectum Excreted Circulation –> Liver –> Toxic Symptoms No Changes Eg. Xray – Barium Meal rpy Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jfjhAk; rpy KbaJ rpy ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

mhpf;f $bait (Corrosive Poison) – jPG+j$W mg;gFjp mhpj;J tpLfpwJ. tha; vhpr;ry; - GIT ghjpg;G> md;dkaNfhrk;> typ - GIT ghjpg;G> md;dkaNfhrk;> fPo;Nehf;F Kfkf Ntjid - GIT ghjpg;G> md;dkaNfhrk;> njhz;ilFop Fuy;tis typ - GIT ghjpg;G> md;dkaNfhrk;> FUjp the;jp - thjk; (guTfhy;) euk;G fl;Lg;gl;L rhNak; ghjpg;G - thjk;> fd;Nke;jphpak; caph;g;G - mtj;ij

xt;thJ

mkh;> mkh;> mkh;> mkh;>

v.fh. Mineral acids (fdpk mkpyq;fs;) fe;jf mkpyk; (H2SO4) Sulphuric Acid Nitric Acid / ntbAg;G jpuhtfk; (HNO3) Organic Acids (fhpk mkpyq;fs;) Oxalic Acid H2 C2O4 fLfhuq;fs;; (Strong Alkalies) NAOH NH4 OH mk;Nkhdpak; `l;uhf;irL vhpr;ry; cz;lhf;Fk; nghUl;fs; (Irritants) ½ kzp gpwNf mwpFwpfs; fhl;Lk; jirgFjp jhgpjk; -

PG Scholars 2017/2018 (18th Palay Batch)

nka;;> guTfhy; (mg;Gtpy; thA)

4

mjdhy;

gfh;thrak; gfh;thrak; gfh;thrak; gfh;thrak;

[NOTES OF LESSON FOR NANJU MARUTHUVAM]

Orally vhpr;ry; typ czTf;Foy;> ,iug;ig ,tw;wpy; mjpf Ntjid the;jpAld;> FUjprsprt;T> ePh;kyg;Nghf;F mghdd; nfz;ilfhy; rijapy; typg;G if> fhy; typg;G

-

nka;> ];hprk;> guTfy; GIT, md;dkaNfhrk;> mkh;thrak;> gfh;thrak;

-

GIT Symtoms, md;dkaNfhrk;>

-

thjk;(guTfhy;>fd;Nke;jphpak;)

1. jhJ cg;G nts;is gh];guk; Metals and their Components  Organophosphorus  epkpis (Antimony)  Salts of Mercury  kapy;Jj;jk; (Copper Sulphate)  fhhpak; (Lead) 2. gapu; cg;G  Fd;wpkzp  vUf;F  kpsfha;  vl;bf;nfhl;il  Nruhq;nfhl;il 3. capupdk;  ghk;Gfb  Njs;fb  G+uhd;fb 4. Mechanical Irrifents (cWj;jiy cz;lhf;Fgit)  nghbj;j fz;zhbj;J}s;  nghbj;j ituj;J}s; 5. euk;G kz;lyj;ij ghjpf;Fk; er;R (Neurotoxins) ika euk;G kz;lyk; mjd; nray; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. mjdhy; guTfy;> thjk;> gpUjptpay; thA> fd;Nke;jpupak;. rpj;jgpuik cz;lhf;Fgit v.fh. Ckj;ij> ml;Nuhgpd; Nghij cz;lhf;Fgit %isapd; gFjp – kaf;fepiy  me;jfuzk; ghjpg;G  QhNde;jphpak; ghjpg;G  Gyd; 5  fd;Nke;jphpak;  nghwp 5  gQ;rG+jk; kz; ,uj;jk; ePh; rpWePh; (gpUjptpapy; ePh;) jP GIT tsp nray;fs; Mfhak; Space , Lubricants PG Scholars 2017/2018 (18th Palay Batch)

5