2022 EXAMINATION ENGLISH | Social science | SCIENCE mathematics Strictly based on the reduced syllabus issued by the board on July 24, 2021 for TERM I & TERM II examination
Includes Solved Board Examination Paper 2020 Last Years’ Board Questions Chapterwise Includes Topper’s Answers (2019-2018) Answers Provided According to the Board Marking Scheme
2022 EXAMINATION
class x ENGLISH | Social science | SCIENCE mathematics
by panel of authors
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ISBN : 978-93-91184-46-9
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In accordance with the latest Syllabus prescribed by the Central Board for Secondary Education, New Delhi.
PREFACE Class Xth Board Examination is a crucial milestone for every student. Therefore, in order to score and perform well, we have introduced CBSE Last Years Chapterwise Solved Papers for class Xth. Considering the need to excel the examination, we have accordingly designed our product so that students can attempt questions at any changing scenarios and exam patterns. At the same time, it is important for the students to effectively manage their time. In that respect, these solved papers by Gurukul, come handy to understand the nuances of the board question patterns efficiently. This book is a collaboration of experienced teachers and subject matter experts from different schools across the country. The questions are thoughtfully segregated as per their respective chapters which will enable the students to concentrate properly on one chapter at a time, before they move on to the next. This book comprises Topper Sheets to help understand the criteria used for marking in the board exams. The answers are also based on the Marking Scheme given by the board. By studying from this book, the students can learn about the different weightages given to the chapters and then accordingly focus on concepts of hard, medium and easy levels. Additionally with humble representation and simple usage of language, we cater to the requirement of easy comprehensibility for the students. We hope you will find this book helpful in your preparation. We would advise you to stay calm and manage your time efficiently. Do not get overwhelmed with too many resources and study guides, be selective and settle with the best ones. Our best wishes to you for the board examination and all your future endeavours.
—The Publisher
CONTENTS English Language & Literature
5 - 108
Section A : Reading 1. Unseen Passages
7
28
2. Story Writing
50
3. Grammar
71
84
2. Poetry
95
3. Supplementary Reading
98
Social Science
109 - 266
History 1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
238
2. Sectors of the Indian Economy
243
3. Money and Credit
249
4. Globalisation and the Indian Economy 257
Section B : Writing and Grammar 1. Letter/Article Writing
Section C : Literature Textbook and Supplementary Reading 1. Prose
Economics 1. Development
Science
267 - 470
1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
269
2. Acids, Bases and Salts
276
3. Metals and Non-metals
285
4. Carbon and its Compounds
297
5. Periodic Classification of Elements
314
6. Life Processes
325
7. Control and Coordination
336
8. How do Organisms Reproduce ?
342
9. Heredity and Evolution
362
10. Light - Reflection and Refraction 111
376
11. The Human Eye and the Colourful
2. Nationalism in India
119
World
3. The Making of a Global world
132
12. Electricity
421
4. The Age of Industrialisation
135
13. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
439
5. Print Culture and the Modern World
139
14. Sources of Energy
448
15. Our Environment
452
16. Management of Natural Resources
461
407
Geography 1. Resources and Development
144
2. Forest and wildlife Resources
148
3. Water Resources
150
1. Real Numbers
473
4. Agriculture
154
2. Polynomials
480
5. Minerals and Energy Resources
159
3. Pair of Linear Equations in
6. Manufacturing Industries
164
7. Life lines of National Economy
174
4. Quadratic Equations
181
5. Arithmetic Progressions
Map Based Questions Political Science 1. Power Sharing
195
2. Federalism
199
3. Democracy and Diversity
203
4. Gender, Religion and Caste
206
Mathematics
471 - 679
Two variables
486 492 512
6. Triangles
531
7. Coordinate Geometry
547
8. Introduction to Trigonometry
564
9. Some Applications of Trigonometry
578
10. Circles
596
11. Constructions
609
5. Popular Struggles and Movements
212
12. Areas Related to Circles
620
6. Political Parties
217
13. Surface Areas and Volumes
633
7. Outcomes of Democracy
228
14. Statistics
654
8. Challanges to Democracy
236
15. Probability
670
ENGLISH
Section A : Reading
Unseen Passages Factual Passages
1 (8 marks each)
Passage 1 Read the following passage carefully: Caged behind thick glass, the most famous dancer in the world can easily be missed in the National Museum, Delhi. The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-Daro is that rare artefact that even school children are familiar with. Our school textbooks also communicate the wealth of our 5000 years heritage of art. You have to be alert ȱȱ¡ȱǰȱȱĴȱȱȱ rediscover this bronze image. Most of us have seen her only in photographs or sketches therefore the impact of actually ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ One discovers that the dancing girl has no feet. ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȮȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ across centuries. ȱȱȱȱȮȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ęǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ together and a few bangles above the elbow and wrist on the right hand display an almost modern art. She speaks of the undaunted ever hopeful human spirit. She reminds us that it is important to visit museums in our country to experience the impact ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ęȱ among all the riches one particular vision of beauty that speaks to us alone.
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LLL ȱĴȱȱ LY books Which information is not given in the passage? L The girl is caged behind glass LL She is a rare artefact. LLL School books communicate the wealth of our heritage. LY She cannot be rediscovered as she‘s bronze. ‘Great Art’ has power because : L it appeals to us despite a passage of time. LL it is small and can be understood. LLL it‘s seen in pictures and sketches. LY ȁȱęȱȱȱǯ The jewellery she wears : L consists of bangles of shell, ivory or thin metal. LL is a necklace with two pendants. LLL both (i) and (ii) are correct. LY neither (i) nor (ii) is correct. She reminds us : L ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȬȱĴȱȱǯȱ LL why museums in our country are exciting. LLL why she will make us come into money. LY ȱ ȱȱęǯ ȱ¢¢ȱȱȱ ȱȁȂȂȂȱȱȱŗȱ is ................. . The size of the dancing girl is equal to the length of human palm. (True/False)
D 2Q WKH EDVLV RI \RXU UHDGLQJ RI WKH DERYH ȱ SDVVDJHDQVZHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV u The dancing girl belongs to L Mohenjo-Daro LL Greek culture $QV D LLL Homosapiens LY Tibet L Mohenjo-Daro. In the museum she’s kept among LLL Ĵȱǯ L ȱ ȱęȱ LY she cannot be rediscovered as she’s LL bronze statues bronze.
8 | Gurukul CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers, ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE, Classͳy L it appeals to us despite a passage of time. L c onsists of bangles of shell, ivory or thin metal.
LL why museums in our country are exciting. amid True
Passage 2 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
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+\GHUDEDG²7KH&LW\RI1L]DPV GOLCONDA FORT ȱ ȱ ŗŜȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ the capital of Qutb Shahi Kingdom, it is believed that a shepherd boy came across an idol on the hill. It was then that the Kakatiya ¢¢Ȃȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱŗŘŖȱȱ high. After it was captured by Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, the fort fell into ruins. The beautiful ruins of the fort have a story to tell. They make you wonder how the fort may have looked in its days of glory and grandeur. The fort also organises a sound and light show every day and the history of this fort is narrated in such an interesting manner that even a child can understand and ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢¢ȱęǰȱ¢ȱȱ avoid the climb and relax in the gardens below. The view from the top is breathtaking. CHARMINAR The next place is Charminar. The literal meaning of the monument is ‘four minarets’. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěǯȱ ȱ ȱ said that when the state was hit by severe plague, Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢¢ǰȱ prayed to end the plague and promised to build a mosque in the very place where he was praying. Thus, Charminar came into being ! ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱĴȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ narrowness of the pathway and the steepness of the steps. Once you reach the top, the view of the crowds moving below will surely lift your spirits. Make sure you visit the nearby Laad Bazaar, where there are rows of shops selling the famous Hyderabadi glass bangles and lac bangles.
SALAR JUNG MUSEUM The Salar Jung Museum is the third largest museum in the country and boasts of owning the biggest one-man collection of antiques in the world. A visit to the Salar Jung Museum is a must even if you are not a fan of antique ěǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £Ȃȱ ȱ of textiles, arms, metalware, ivory carvings, Indian bronzes and carpets. ȱŝǯȱ ȱȱĴȱȱę¢ȱȱȱ Clock, made by Cook and Kelvy of England. Inside the clock is a timekeeper. Every hour, he comes out and beats a gong as many times ȱȱȱǯȱȱĴȱȱȱ museum is the Veiled Rebecca, an amazing sculpture made by the Italian sculptor, Giovanni Maria Benzoni. D 2Q WKH EDVLV RI \RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKHDERYHSDVVDJHDQVZHUDQ\HLJKWRI WKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV DQ\HLJKW What led to the construction of the Golconda Fort ? What led to the destruction of the Golconda Fort ? How is the interest in the Fort kept alive ? What does the word ‘breathtaking’ ȱȱŘȱȱǵ Why did Quli Qutb Shah build a mosque ? How does one feel after reaching the top of Charminar ? What is unique about the Salar Jung Museum ? ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ museum apart from antiques ? ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱĴȱȱȱȱ Jung Museum.
Unseen Passages |
9
Topper’s Answers
$QV It is said Quli Qutb Shah prayed for the end of the plague and valued to build a mosque if it was eradicated.
Passage 3 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: Keep your watch accurate. For some people, moving up the time on their watch will help them get up earlier. For others, they will remember that the time on the watch is wrong and will disregard it altogether. It may be helpful to set your watch just two ȱȱȱȱęȱȱǯ Keep a clock, phone, computer or anything that displays time in each room of your house.
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One of the easiest ways to run late is simply by not realising that the time is passing as quickly as it is. Set all your clocks and watches to the same time. Don’t be an optimist. Things usually take longer than what you’d expect, even without major delays. If you have a dinner appointment at 7:30 p.m., don’t think you can work till 7 p.m., then take a bath, dress and
10 | Gurukul CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers, ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE, Classͳy reach on time. Realistically, calculate the time you will take at each step and then add ŗŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ delays, or you cannot get to your job in time. Wake up when you are supposed to wake ǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ Ĵǰȱ ȱ ȱ lying in bed, and watch TV at the very start ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ¢ȱ ȱŗŖȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ Ĝ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ clock to somewhere away from your bed; ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗśȱ ȱ ¢ȱ for everything. If you have to reach your ȱȱ ȱȱŞDZŖŖǰȱȂȱȱȱ¢ȱ this. Just tell yourself (and everyone else who ȮȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ think that they are late or early!) "I have to be ȱ ȱȱŝǯŚśȈǯȱ ȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱĴȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱĜȱǯ D &RPSOHWH WKH IROORZLQJ VWDWHPHQWV XVLQJ ZRUGVSKUDVHV IURP WKH SDVVDJH $WWHPSWDQ\HLJKW 6RPHSHRSOHEHOLHYHWKDWLILWZLOO KHOSWKHPEHHDUOLHU
0DQ\ RWKHUV NQRZWKH\ GLVUHJDUGLWDOWRJHWKHU .HHSLQHDFKURRP 2QH RI WKH WKLQJV WKDW FDQ EH GRQH LVRIILYHRUWHQPLQXWHV 0DQ\DWLPHZHGRQRWUHDOLVHWKDW ,QVWHDG RI SUHVVLQJ WKH VQRR]H EXWWRQ ,I \RX KDYH GLIILFXOW\ LQ JHWWLQJ XS ,W LV D JRRG KDELW WRVRPHZKHUH DZD\IURP\RXUEHG ,WLVJRRGWRFRPPLW\RXUVHOIIRU HYHU\WKLQJ $QV D they move up the time on their watch, that the time on the watch is wrong so a clock, phone, computer or anything that displays time to set watch just two minutes ahead instead the time is passing as quickly as it is wake up when you are supposed to wake up early then try to set your clock ten minutes earlier. move your alarm clock to ȱȱŗśȱȱ
Passage 4 Read the following passage carefully.
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Few guessed that this quiet, parentless girl her down. She nursed her husband back to growing up in New York City would one day good health and encouraged him to remain become the First Lady of the United States. Even in politics. She then helped him to become fewer thought she would become an author ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱŗşřřǰȱȱ and lecturer and a woman much admired and of the United States. loved by people throughout the world. ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŞŞŚȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ¢ǯȱ wealthy, but troubled parents who both died She became her husband’s legs and eyes; she while she was young, Roosevelt was cared visited prisons and hospitals; she went down for by her grandmother and sent to school ȱǰȱȱěȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ŗşŖśǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Roosevelt was tireless and daring. During the cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. She and her depression she travelled all over the country husband had six children. Although they were bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱ people without food and jobs. During World several personal tragedies. Her second son War II she visited American soldiers in camps ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱŗşŘŗǰȱȱȱ all over the world. The United States had athletic husband was stricken with polio, never known a First Lady like her. which left him physically disabled for life. Roosevelt also kept in touch with the American Eleanor Roosevelt was a remarkable woman people through a daily newspaper column who had great intelligence and tremendous called ‘My Day’. She broadcast on the radio strength of character. She never let things get ȱȱǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ
Unseen Passages |
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11
In her personal life, she faced many challenges. Her second son died when he was a baby. Her husband ȱěȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ physically disabled for life. Roosevelt nursed her husband back to good health and encouraged him to remain in politics. She helped him become the Governor of New York ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱŗşřřǯ ‘She became her husband’s legs and eyes’ means she visited prisons, hospitals, went into mines and factories on his behalf to help him in his job. She also interacted with people and brought feedback to her ȱȱȱȱȱěǯ During the Depression she travelled all over the country bringing goodwill, reassurance and help to people without food and jobs. During World War II, she visited American soldiers in camps all over the world to motivate and empathise with them. She kept in touch with the American people through a daily newspaper column called ‘My Day’. She broadcast on the radio and delivered ǰȱȱęȱȱȱȱ¢ǯ H er intelligence and tremendous ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ the passage.
Passage 5 Read the passage given below:
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a special design which has the picturesque Tourists to Jammu and Kashmir have ȱ Ĵȱ ȯȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ Ĝȱ scenery of Dal Lake and Srinagar city. These ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱȱȁȱȱĜǰȱȱȂȯȱ posted to and hence promote Kashmir as a ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ tourist destination across the world. in the world is built on an intricately carved ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ maroon houseboat, fastened on the western has existed since British times. It was called edge of the Dal Lake. ȱȱȱĜȱȱŘŖŗŗǯȱȱȱ ȱȱĜȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ the chief postmaster John Samuel renamed it postal services available in the country while ȱȁȱȱĜȂ ȱ Ěǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ĜȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱ ȯȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ small museum that traces the philatelic history the design of a boatman rowing a shikara on of the state postal department. It has a shop the Dal Lake. The special feature of this post that sells postage stamps and other products. Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ
12 | Gurukul CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers, ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE, Classͳy ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱĜȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȁȱŗȬŘȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ Ĝȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ the Dal Lake. The lake has several islets that are home to more than 50,000 people. ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŖŗŚȱ ȱȱĚȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ for a toss uncontrollably pushed by the Ěǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ special mechanism in a nearby highland. Then it was brought back on the Dal after the water receded. The biggest boon is that at no time of the year do you need ȱȱȱȱȬĜǯ D $WWHPSW DQ\ HLJKW RI WKH IROORZLQJ TXHVWLRQV RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKH SDVVDJH \RXKDYHUHDG
Topper’s Answers
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Unseen Passages |
$QV D ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Kashmir is built on an intricately carved maroon houseboat, which is fastened on the western edge of the Dal Lake in Srinagar. ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ everything posted from the Floating ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ design of a boatman rowing a shikara on the Dal Lake along with the date and address. ȱ ȱȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ picturesque scenery of Dal Lake and Srinagar as its special design. ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ posted to, these pictures reach there hence, promoting Kashmir as a tourist destination across the world.
13
The chief postmaster John Samuel ȱȱȱȱȁȱȱĜȂǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȂȱ ȱȱȱȱĜȱȱȱ other as a small museum that traces the philatelic history of the state postal department. It has a shop that sells postage stamps and other products. Communities living in and around the Dal Lake can deposit and save ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĝǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĜȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĚȱȱȱ lake. ȱ ȱȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ well as a source of income for the people. Fascination.
Passage 6 Read the passage given below: Then all the windows of the grey wooden house (Miss Hilton used to live here. She expired last week), were thrown open, a thing I had never seen before. At the end of the day a sign was nailed on the mango tree: FOR SALE. Nobody in the street knew Miss Hilton. While she lived, her front gate was always locked and no one ever saw her leave or saw anybody go in. So, even if you wanted to, you couldn’t feel sorry and say that you missed Miss Hilton. When I think of her house I see just two colours. Grey and green. The green of the mango tree, the grey of the house and the grey of the high iron fence that prevented ¢ȱȱĴȱȱȱǯ If your cricket ball fell in Miss Hilton’s courtyard you never got it back. It wasn’t the mango season when Miss Hilton died. But we got back about ten or twelve of our cricket balls. The house was sold and we were prepared to dislike the new owners even before they ǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱĴȱ ǯȱ¢ȱ we had one resident of the street who kept
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on complaining about us to our parents. He complained that we played cricket on the pavement; and if we were not playing cricket, he complained that we were making too much noise anyway. One afternoon when I came back from school ȱǰȱȃ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱĴ¢ǰȱ but he ugly like hell.’‘ I didn’t see much. The front gate was open, but the windows were shut again. I heard a dog barking in an angry way. ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ Ĵ¢ȱ ¢ǯȱ Whoever these people were they would never be the sort of people to complain that we were making noise and disturbing their sleep. A lot of noise came from the house that night. The radio was going at full volume until midnight when the radio station closed down. The dog was barking and the man was shouting. I didn’t hear the woman. D 2Q WKH EDVLV RI \RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH DERYH SDVVDJH FRPSOHWH WKH VWDWHPHQWVWKDWIROORZ 1RERG\ ZHQW LQWR 0LVV +LOWRQ¶V KRXVHEHFDXVHKHUIURQWBBBBBBBBBBB +HU KRXVH KDG RQO\ WZR FRORXUV L BBBBBBDQG LL BBBB
14 | Gurukul CBSE Chapterwise Solved Papers, ENGLISH LANGUAGE & LITERATURE, Classͳy 7KH KLJK LURQ IHQFH GLG QRW OHW WKH 7KH PDQ ZDV VKRXWLQJ WKH GRJ ZDV ER\VJHWBBBBBB EDUNLQJRQO\BBBBBBB $QV D Ȳȱ ȱ ¢ȱ 7KH\QHYHUJRWLWEDFNLIWKHLUBBBBB Ȳ L grey LL green IHOOLQWRKHUFRXUW\DUG Ȳȱȱ 7KHER\VZHUHDOUHDG\WRGLVOLNHWKH Ȳȱ BBBBBBB Ȳ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ 2QH UHVLGHQW RI WKH VWUHHW DOZD\V Ȳȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ BBBBBBBB our parents 7KH QHZ RZQHUV RI 0LVV +LOWRQ¶V Ȳ L a man LL a woman KRXVH ZHUH L BBBBB DQG LL Ȳȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȧȱ BBBBBBBBB woman was quiet.
Passage 7 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: The ozone level in Delhi, is more than twice the safe standard and falls in the ‘poor’ category of the National Air Quality Index (NAQI). Centre for Science and Environment’s (CSE) recent analysis of ozone levels, recorded by ȱȱȱĴȂȱǻǼȱ real-time air quality monitoring stations in April and May, reveals a strong build-up of the toxic gas in certain areas. Ȭȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ¢ȱ vehicles or industries but forms when oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and a range of ȱ ȯ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ other sources, are exposed to each other in sunlight. High temperature and still air ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ȃȱ ȱĴȱ ȱȱȱȱ by vehicles as are a primary source of NOX. We need to control vehicular emissions urgently to address ozone as well as ȱĴȱǰȃȱȱȱȱȂȱ clean air programme. CSE also said ozone hasn’t spared neighbourhoods of the ‘rich and powerful’ such as Lutyens’ Delhi and Civil Lines. In Delhi, Civil lines had the maximum number of days when the ozone standard was breached. The eight-hour average peaked at ŘśŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȯŘǯśȱ ȱ the safe standard. In April and May, the gas ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ şŘƖȱ ȱ şŝƖȱ ȱ the days, respectively. Its concentration was ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŚŖȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ metre. In Lutyens’ Delhi and around AIIMS, where ȱȂȱ monitoring station, CSE analysed the air with portable equipment.
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At Lodhi Estate, the ozone level frequently breached the one-hour standard, while near ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ŘŜŜȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŘȱ ȱȱŗȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ should carry out regular monitoring in sensitive areas as well as in Lutyens’ Delhi. According to CSE, ozone is included in the daily smog and health alert programmes in countries like Mexico, the US and China. In Mexico City, the elderly, children and levels go up. The US-based National Research Council, part of National Academies of Science, has recommended that local ȱȱȱȱȱěȱ of ozone in mind when advising people on polluted days. The US is also tightening its ozone standards. CSE researchers quoted a study by the University of Southern California published in The Lancet which found that children who played were at greater risks of developing asthma in highozone areas. D 2Q WKH EDVLV RI \RXU UHDGLQJ RI WKH DERYH SDVVDJH DQVZHU WKH IROORZLQJ TXHVWLRQ :K\LVWKHR]RQHOHYHOLQ'HOKLSRRU" +RZLVJURXQGOHYHOR]RQHIRUPHG" :KDWLVDVRXUFHRI12;" ,Q ZKLFK DUHD ZDV WKH R]RQH VWDQGDUG EUHDFKHGPRVWRIWKHGD\V" :KDWZDVWKHDYHUDJHRIR]RQHOHYHODW $,,06EHWZHHQQRRQWRSP" :KLFK FRXQWULHV DUH WKH PRVW DOHUW DERXWR]RQHOHYHO" :KDW DGYLVRU\ LV JLYHQ WR WKH KHDUW SDWLHQWV" :KDW LV WKH VKRFNLQJ UHVHDUFK RI &6( 5HVHDUFKHUV"
Unseen Passages |
$QV D The ozone level in Delhi is poor because the records reveal a strong build-up of the toxic gas in certain areas. E When gases from vehicles and other sources are exposed to each other in sunlight, the ground level ozone is formed. High temperature and still air increases the formation of ozone. F Vehicles are the source of NOX. G Civil Lines in Delhi was the ares in which the ozone standard breached most of the days.
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H ȱ ŘŜŜȱm per cubic meter I Mexico, the US and China are the most alert about ozone level. J Heart patients are advised to stay indoors when ozone levels go up. K As per the research of CSE, the children who played were at greater risk of developing asthma.
Passage 8 Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěǰȱ ȱ ȱ warn you to quit the habit, don’t worry and just keep relishing the beverage, because it’s not that bad after all ! In fact, according to a new study, the steaming cup of Java can beat fruits and vegetables as the primary source ȱ¡ǯȱȱȱȱȱěȱ is the number one source of antioxidants ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ decaf versions appear to provide similar antioxidant levels. Antioxidants in general have been linked ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęǰȱ including protection against heart diseases and cancer, but Sandra Vinson, a dietitian ȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱȱ how they are absorbed and utilised in the ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱěȱȱ popular antioxidant sources like tea, milk, chocolate and cranberries. Of all the foods and beverages studies, dates actually have the most antioxidants based solely on serving size, but since dates are not consumed anywhere ȱȱȱȱěǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ top source of antioxidants, Vinson said. ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱěȱ has been linked to an increasing number of ȱȱęǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ Řȱ ǰȱȱȂȱǰȱȱ to some recently published studies. The researchers, however, advise that one ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ĵ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ stomach pains. D 2Q WKH EDVLV RI \RXU UHDGLQJ RI WKH DERYH SDVVDJHDQVZHUWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV
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:K\ GR GRFWRUV DGYLVH XV DERXW WKH KDELWRIGULQNLQJFRIIHH" :KDWDUHWKHWZRYHUVLRQVRIFRIIHHWKDW DUHGUXQNLQ$PHULFD" 6WDWHDQ\WZREHQHILWVRIDQWLR[LGDQWV :KDW GRHV 9LQVRQ VD\ DERXW WKH FRQVXPSWLRQRIDQWLR[LGDQWV" 1DPH DQ\ WZR SRSXODU VRXUFHV RI DQWLR[LGDQWV +RZ GRHV FRIIHH RXWUDQN GDWHV LQ WKH OHYHORIDQWLR[LGDQWV" 0HQWLRQDQ\WZREHQHILWVRIFRIIHH :KDW GR UHVHDUFKHV ZDUQ XV DERXW WKH H[FHVVLYHXVHRIFRIIHH" $QV D Doctors advise us about the habit of drinking coffee as it would make a ȱ ȱ Ĵ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ spoil his/her health. ȱ ȱěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱǯ Antioxidants not only keep one alert and awake but also includes protection against heart disease and cancer. Dietitian Vinson emphasizes that consumption of antioxidants ultimately depends on its absorption and utilisation in the body. Two important sources of antioxidants ȱȱȱěǯ Dates has a high level of antioxidants ȱȱȱěǯȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ěȱ ȱ of the level of its consumption. According to recent published ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ been linked to an increasing number ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ which are protection against colon
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