7 Incorporates

NEP 2020

7

This book belongs to ................................................................................. .............. .............. ..............

..............

............................................................................................... ...............................................................................................

Geeta Zunjani DPS, Bhilai (CG)

Published by:

Orange Education Pvt Ltd 9, Daryaganj New Delhi-110002 Phone: 43776600 8588814859 Email: [email protected] IE Code: 0511063121

Branches: • Chennai • Guwahati Regional Offices: • Ahmedabad • Bengaluru • Bhopal • Bhubaneshwar • Dehradun • Hyderabad • Jaipur • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Patna• Raipur • Ranchi Printed at: Narain Printers © Publishers No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Disclaimer All product names, brand names and product logos mentioned or shown in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of their respective owners. The reproduction of these product names, brand names, and product logos and all instances of references of proprietary software in this book, are for educational purposes only. Although every safety measure has been taken to verify the precision of the information contained herein, the author(s) and publisher assume no responsibility for any error or omission. No liability is assumed for damages that may result from the use of information contained within.

School Fee Protection* School fee protection is an initiative by Orange Education to protect student’s fee in case of demise of the earning parent. Orange Education will bear the tuition fee of beneficiary as long as school remains subscribed to our books. All claims are subject to terms & conditions available on the website of Orange Education.

PREFACE “Computers are able to see, hear and learn. Welcome to the future.” -Dave Waters Artificial Intelligence is the most talked about subject and we all understand that the future lies in knowing it well. The Touchpad AI series is written for classes III to VIII keeping in mind about the future and scope that lies in AI. The knowledge is spread in a phased manner so that at no age the kid finds it difficult to understand the theory. Each lesson begins with a short conversation between human characters and one humanoid which tries to explain in simple words about the topics related to Artificial Intelligence. The story is built up in such a way that the curiosity of the reader compels to read the entire lesson. The idea behind introducing humanoid is to touch the hearts of our kids with the existence of friendly robots in the form of humanoids. Touchpad Artificial Intelligence series has some salient features such as AI Reboot, AI Deep Thinking, AI in Life, AI Lab and AI Ready which ensures that NEP 2020 guidelines are followed. Every chapter has competency based questions as guided by CBSE to ensure that students are capable of applying their learning to solve some real life challenges. There are plenty of Video Sessions for students and teachers to go beyond the syllabus and enrich their knowledge. There are some brainstorming questions in the form of AI Task in between the topics to ensure that students give pause to their learning and use their skills to reach to some creative ideas in solving given problems. I would like to humbly acknowledge the support provided by my family, friends and Orange Education Pvt Ltd team to accomplish this noble task. I am sure that this book will prove to be a tool in making the students future ready for Artificial Intelligence. Wishing learners great success in future endeavours. Enjoy the journey of happy learning!! All your feedbacks and suggestions will always be wholeheartedly welcomed to improve and grow. —Geeta Zunjani

INCORPORATES NEP 2020 This textbook has been created with new dimensions of Joyful Learning along with the parameters based on pedagogy of National Education Policy 2020. Inter-Disciplinary Computational Thinking Enables to help solve problems and make thinking more engaging

Connects knowledge across the curriculum for holistic development

Life Skills & Values Inclined towards empowering moral values in learner

Subject Enrichment

Experiential Learning

Aimed at understanding and skill developing in specific subject

Encourages ‘learning by doing’ through hands-on activities

National Education Policy 2020

Communication

Art Integration

Emphasis on soft skills and power of language to develop cross disciplinary and inter-disciplinary thinking

Interlinks education with art and culture providing deeper understanding of the concepts

Critical Thinking

Creativity

Strengthens logical decision making and innovation

Enhances imagination to generate new ideas

DIGITAL RESOURCES Smart eBook

Answer Key

Practice Worksheets

Student Worksheet

Software Download Link

Visit www.orangeeducation.in or scan the QR Code to register on our web support

INSIDE THE SERIES The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning and assessment.

Learning Resources Learning Outcomes: It provides an overview of the unit/chapter contents.

AI Game: It contains an interesting game or activity for the students to try on their own or with their classmates to learn how the game mechanics work while having fun.

AI Innovators: It presents information about the pioneers in the field of AI.

Brainy Fact: It presents an interesting fact relevant to the topic or the chapters.

At a Glance: This section provides a summary of the chapter.

Video Session: This section contains a link of the video related to the topic for better understanding of the concept.

AI Glossary: This section contains definition of important AI terms.

Assessment Resources AI Reboot: It presents questions to the students to assess their current progress in the ongoing topic.

AI Quiz: It contains MCQs for the students to test and improve their mental dexterity.

Exercise: It contains a variety of questions to assess the concepts taught in the unit/chapter.

AI Ready: It contains an assessment for the students to analyse their progress towards acquired AI-readiness skills.

Test Sheet: It contains questions for self evaluation.

Projects: It helps the students work outside the classroom environment while improving their practical skills.

AI Task: It provides an activity to the students allowing them to research and learn new things.

AI in Life: It presents questions that promotes the moral growth and experiential learning.

AI Deep Thinking: It presents a question/scenario in which the students are required to think deeply and apply their knowledge.

AI Lab: It contains tasks that helps the students to improve their practical skills.

CONTENTS 1

Introduction to AI

7

What is AI? Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence AI as Defined by Different Organizations Types of AI 2

Pioneers in the Field of AI

19

Alan Turing John McCarthy Ross Quillian Edward Feigenbaum Marvin Minsky IBM 3

Domains of AI

26

Domains of AI Real Life Applications of Different Domains of AI

4

Test Sheet 1

37

Fields of AI

39

Smartphone Industry Social Media Platforms Banking and Financial Sector E-Commerce Autonomous Vehicles Security and Surveillance Navigation Healthcare Education 5

Concept of Smart Living

53

Smart Homes Devices Used in Smart Homes 6

Future of Artificial Intelligence

64

Future of AI Safety and Security Traffic Management Smart Homes and Cities Smart Highway Types of AI

Test Sheet 2

73 75 76 79 80

AI Ready Projects AI Glossary AI Innovators

(vi)

01

INTRODUCTION TO AI

Learning Outcomes • What is AI? • AI as Defined by Different Organizations

Hello Alice! Have you googled famous restaurants in nearby places? Yes, but it’s pretty weird that it gives me a list of famous restaurants of some random places. Grant permission to Google to access your location.

• Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence • Types of AI

What difference will it make? Google empowered with AI first traces our location, then finds the restaurants nearby. Let me introduce you to some basic .

We all know by now that AI learns, thinks and behaves like humans. So, AI in simple terms is a computer program which can learn and perform tasks that require a higher level of intelligence like learning from its past experience, planning and problem solving etc. which any human being does with ease.

What is AI? AI is the branch of computer science that focuses on developing machines which can think and work like human beings. These machine are created to be smart and would be able to simulate the human thinking process. Introduction to AI

7

Since ancient time, humans were fascinated to make machine as smart as themselves. This desire led to the development of one of the most ground breaking technology that could change the future AI. Humans have been creating smart machine for quite a long time but, even then there are certain differences that sets human intelligence apart from artificial intelligence.

Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence To understand Artificial Intelligence, we need to understand the difference between Machine intelligence and Human intelligence. S.No.

Human Intelligence

1.

Humans are naturally intelligent.

2.

The intelligence level of a human keeps varying with age.

3.

Humans behave according to their experience. Humans are independent and need no support to take a decision. Humans can adapt to changes easily.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Human brain is analogous. Humans learn from past experiences, exploring ideas and their mistakes.

8.

Human brain normally uses 20 watts of energy. Data processing speed is slower in human beings. Humans may make mistakes as per their capabilities and circumstances.

9. 10.

Machine Intelligence Machine’s Intelligence is created by the humans. Machine’s intelligence level keeps on growing with time, never having a peak or any descent. Machines behave and perform as they are programmed. Machines need humans for guidance. Their creativity is very limited. AI takes more time to respond to unusual or different situations. Machine’s brain is digital. Machine learn from information provided to them and through regular training. Machines usually use 65 to 250 watts. Machines can process huge volumes of data quickly. Since machines lack emotions, they are capable to produce more accurate results.

Brainy Fact Human Brain can store an estimated 2.5 million gigabytes of digital data.

AI as Defined by Different Organizations There are different influential organisations that have been studying the impact of AI on the future of human beings and economical market. They define AI based on their analysis and research outcomes. Let us take a look at some of these organisations. 8

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VII

World Economic Forum (WEF) World Economic Forum is the International Organisation for Public-Private Cooperation. The organisation shapes global, regional and industry agendas. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a key driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Its effects can be seen in homes, businesses and even public spaces. In its embodied form of robots, it will soon be driving cars, stocking warehouses and caring for the young and elderly. AI holds the promise of solving some of society’s most pressing issues but also presents challenges such as inscrutable “black box” algorithms, unethical use of data and potential job displacement.

Niti Aayog: National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (NSAI) National Institution for Transforming India, also known as NITI Aayog, is a public policy think tank of the Government of India. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving and decision making. Initially conceived as a technology that could mimic human intelligence, AI has evolved in ways that far exceed its original conception. With incredible advances made in data collection, processing and computation power, intelligent systems can now be deployed to take over a variety of tasks, enable connectivity and enhance productivity. As AI’s capabilities have dramatically expanded, so have its utility in a growing number of fields.

European Artificial Intelligence (AI) Leadership, the Path for an Integrated Vision

AI is not a well-defined technology and no universally agreed definition exists. It is rather a cover term for techniques associated with data analysis and pattern recognition. AI is not a new technology, having existed since the 1950s.

Introduction to AI

9

While some markets, sectors and individual businesses are more advanced than others, AI is still at a relatively early stage of development, therefore the range of potential applications and the quality of most existing applications have ample margins left for further development and improvement.

Encyclopaedia Britannica Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience.

Reboot State any 2 differences between Human Intelligence and Machine Intelligence.

Types of AI AI has already become an integral part of our daily life, therefore it’s important to understand what AI can actually do. In fact, AI is a broad term which includes Machine Learning, Big data or Natural Language Processing (NLP) as its subsets. These subsets can also be classified by the level of intelligence. AI can be classified into 3 categories which are based on the functionality of AI applications. The chart given below shows the classification of AI machines. 10

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VII

Artificial Intelligence

Weak AI

Strong AI

Super AI

Weak AI Weak AI is also known as Narrow AI. It is the most common type of AI that we can see and use all around us. Characteristics of this AI are : •

Narrow AI performs dedicated tasks with intelligence.

•

It has a limited scope of functionality and can perform a specific task only.

•

Examples are Siri, Google voice assistant, IBM's Watson, chatbots, etc.

Introduction to AI

11

Strong AI Strong AI is also termed as General AI. Machines with the following characteristics will fall in this category:

•

These machines have human like intelligence.

•

The machine has problem solving and learning capabilities.

•

These machine are hypothetical and are yet to be developed.

Super AI Super AIs are in their hypothetical stage. Following are the characteristics of Super AI: •

These systems would be completely autonomous and won’t require any kind of human interference.

•

These machine would be smarter than an average human being and would also understand human emotions. • Performs specific task

Weak AI

• Performs a wider range

Strong AI

of different tasks with human like intelligence

Super AI

12

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VII

•

urpasses human S intelligence

g Thinkin Critical

Task

There are different types of voice assistants all around us. We have learned that voice assistants are example of weak AI. This begs the question, if all voice assistants are weak AI, is there any difference between them? If yes, what are they? In this activity, let's find out. Select any two voice assistants of your choice, preferably from different manufacturers. Note the features of 2 different types of Voice Assistants and compare according to your observations.

Voice Assistant 1

Voice Assistant 2

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

t Subjec

ent

Enrichm

Video Session Watch this video and prepare a presentation on Google Slides or MS PowerPoint on 'AI' and share it with your class. Visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ad79nYk2keg or scan the QR code.

Introduction to AI

13

GAME

01

Tic-Tac-Toe Game

arning ntial Le Experie

About the game Play AI driven Tic-Tac-Toe game and fill in the given table of the match results and discuss with your friends about their achievement. Take each match as 10 points. You Won

Machine Won

To play game visit https://playtictactoe.org/ or scan the QR Code.

Now, play with your friends and have fun.

14

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VII

Draw

GAME

02

Thing Translator

arning ntial Le Experie

About the game It is a very handy tool that lets the user point to any object with a camera and get information regarding that object. The cool thing about this tool is that it gives an answer in multiple languages. To play this game follow this link: Visit the link https://experiments.withgoogle.com/thing-translator or scan the QR Code.

Click on the “Launch Experiment” button.

It will detect your camera and ask you to take a picture.

Introduction to AI

15

Spotl ght

Based on NEP 2020

Comic Strip

AI Game

Computational Thinking

AI Task

AI in Life

Subject Enrichment

AI Reboot

Critical Thinking

AI Deep Thinking

AI Ready

Creativity

AI Innovators

AI Quiz

Protection*

Art Integration

Communication

Experiential Learning

Life Skills & Values

Brainy Fact

School Fee

Inter-Disciplinary

Orange Global Olympiad

CYBER

Coding Classes

Buy Online

CE

RTIFIED

ISO 5

N

20

Y

9001

1

COMPA

@OrangeEducationPvtLtd

Orange Education Pvt Ltd Adding value to ‘Education’

9, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone: +91-11-43776600 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.orangeeducation.in

MRP: ` 220

(inclusive of all taxes)

9 789391 24634 1