8 Incorporates

NEP 2020

8

This book belongs to ................................................................................. .............. .............. ..............

..............

............................................................................................... ...............................................................................................

Geeta Zunjani DPS, Bhilai (CG)

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PREFACE “Computers are able to see, hear and learn. Welcome to the future.” — Dave Waters Artificial Intelligence is the most talked about subject and we all understand that the future lies in knowing it well. The Touchpad AI series is written keeping in mind about the future and scope that lies in AI. The knowledge is spread in a phased manner so that at no age the kid finds it difficult to understand the theory. Each lesson begins with a short conversation between human characters and one humanoid which tries to explain in simple words about the topics related to Artificial Intelligence. The story is built up in such a way that the curiosity of the reader compels to read the entire lesson. The idea behind introducing humanoid is to touch the hearts of our kids with the existence of friendly robots in the form of humanoids. Touchpad AI series has some salient features such as AI Reboot, AI Deep Thinking, AI in Life, AI Lab and AI Ready which ensures that National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 guidelines are followed. There are some brainstorming activities in the form of AI Task in between the topics to ensure that students give pause to their learning and use their skills to reach to some creative ideas in solving given problems. Every chapter has competency based questions as guided by CBSE to ensure that students are capable of applying their learning to solve some real life challenges. There are plenty of Video Sessions for students and teachers to go beyond the syllabus and enrich their knowledge. I would like to humbly acknowledge the support provided by my family, friends and Orange Education Pvt Ltd team to accomplish this noble task. I am sure that this book will prove to be a tool in making the students future ready for Artificial Intelligence. Wishing learners great success in future endeavours. Enjoy the journey of happy learning!! All your feedback and suggestions will always be wholeheartedly welcome to improve and grow. — Author

INSIDE THE SERIES The key features of the series have been designed to ensure better learning and assessment.

Learning Resources Learning Outcomes: It provides an overview of the unit/chapter contents.

AI Game: It contains an interesting game or activity for the students to try on their own or with their classmates to learn how the game mechanics work while having fun.

Ice Breaker Activity: This section allows students to familiarise with the concept with the help of an activity.

Brainy Fact: It presents an interesting fact relevant to the topic or the chapters.

At a Glance: This section provides a summary of the chapter.

Video Session: This section contains a link of the video related to the topic for better understanding of the concept.

AI Innovators: It presents information about the pioneers in the field of AI.

Glossary: This section contains definition of important AI terms.

Assessment Resources AI Reboot: It presents questions to the students to assess their current progress in the ongoing topic.

AI Quiz: It contains MCQs for the students to test and improve their mental dexterity.

Exercise: It contains a variety of questions to assess the concepts taught in the unit/chapter.

AI Ready: It contains an assessment for the students to analyse their progress towards acquired AI-readiness skills.

Test Sheet: It contains questions for self evaluation.

Projects: It helps the students work outside the classroom environment while improving their practical skills.

AI Projects 1.

Surf the Internet and explore the different types of AI. Write an essay on the types of AI using Google Docs or MS Word. Make the essay attractive by using images and facts from the Internet. The work limit for this essay is 2000 words.

2. Explore the Internet and find out details on advantages and disadvantages of AI. Based on your findings write a debate using Google Docs or MS Word on the topic “AI, Boon or Bane”.

AI Task: It provides an activity to the students allowing them to research and learn new things.

AI in Life: It presents questions that promotes the moral growth and experiential learning.

AI Deep Thinking: It presents a question/scenario in which the students are required to think deeply and apply their knowledge.

AI Lab: It contains tasks that helps the students to improve their practical skills.

CBSE AI Curriculum for Class 8

Inspire Module

OBJECTIVE The objective of this module/curriculum is to develop a readiness for understanding and appreciating Artificial Intelligence and its application in our lives. This module/curriculum focuses on: 1.

Helping learners understand the world of Artificial Intelligence and its applications through games, activities and multi-sensorial learning to become AI-Ready.

2.

Introducing the learners to three domains of AI in an age appropriate manner.

3.

Allowing the learners to construct meaning of AI through interactive participation and engaging hands-on activities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES Learners will be able to: 1.

Identify and appreciate Artificial Intelligence and describe its applications in daily life.

2.

Relate, apply and reflect on the Human-Machine Interactions.

3.

Identify and interact with the three domains of AI: Data, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing.

4.

Undergo assessment for analysing their progress towards acquired AI-Readiness skills.

5.

Imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for the futuristic opportunities.

6.

Unleash their imagination towards smart homes and build an interactive story around it.

7.

Understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Development Goals to develop responsible citizenship.

8.

Research and develop awareness of skills required for jobs of the future.

9.

Describe the potential ethical considerations of AI.

10. Gain awareness about AI bias and AI access. 11. Develop effective communication and collaborative work skills.

UNIT WISE DISTRIBUTION Module

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Sub-Unit

Duration

EXCITE

2.5 Hours

RELATE

02 Hours

PURPOSE

02 Hours

POSSIBILITIES

02 Hours

AI ETHICS

3.5 Hours

TOTAL DURATION

12 Hours

TOTAL MARKS

50 Marks (Theory = 15 + Practical = 35)

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COURSE OUTLINE Unit (Inspire)

Activity/Session

Learning Outcomes

Session: Introduction to AI and setting up the context of the curriculum. To identify and appreciate Artificial Intelligence and describe its Ice Breaker Activity: Dream Smart Home idea. Learners to design a rough layout of floor plan of their applications in daily life. dream smart home.

1. EXCITE

Recommended Activity: The AI Game Learners to participate in three games based on different AI domains. • Game 1: Rock, Paper and Scissors (based on data) • Game 2: Mystery Animal (based on Natural Language Processing—NLP) • Game 3: Emoji Scavenger Hunt (based on Computer Vision—CV)

To relate, apply and reflect on the Human-Machine Interactions. To identify and interact with the three domains of AI: Data, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing.

Recommended Activity: AI Quiz (Paper Pen/Online To undergo an assessment for Quiz) analysing progress towards acquired AI-Readiness skills. Recommended Activity: To write a letter To imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for the futuristic Writing a Letter to one’s future self. opportunities. Learners to write a letter to self-keeping the future in context. They will describe what they have learnt so far or what they would like to learn someday. Video Session: To watch a video Learners to relate to application of Introducing the concept of Smart Cities, Smart Schools Artificial Intelligence in their daily lives. and Smart Homes. 2. RELATE

3. PURPOSE

4. POSSIBILITIES

Recommended Activity: To write an Interactive Story Learners to draw a floor plan of a Home/School/City and write an interactive story around it using Story Speaker extension in Google docs.

To unleash their imagination towards smart homes and build an interactive story around it. To relate, apply and reflect on the Human-Machine Interactions.

Session: Introduction to sustainable development goals

To understand the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Sustainable Development Goals to develop responsible citizenship.

Recommended Activity: Go Goals Board Game • Learners to answer questions on Sustainable Development Goals Session: Theme-based research and Case Studies • Learners will listen to various case-studies of inspiring start-ups, companies or communities where AI has been involved in real-life. • Learners will be allotted a theme around which they need to search for present AI trends and have to visualise the future of AI in and around their respective theme. Recommended Activity: Job Ad Creating Activity • Learners to create a job advertisement for a firm describing the nature of job available and the skill-set required for it 10 years down the line. They need to figure out how AI is going to transform the nature of jobs and create the Ad accordingly.

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To research and develop awareness of skills required for jobs of the future. To imagine, examine and reflect on the skills required for the futuristic opportunities. To develop effective communication and collaborative work skills.

Unit (Inspire)

Activity/Session

Learning Outcomes

Video Session: Discussing about AI Ethics Recommended Activity: Ethics Awareness To understand and reflect on the • Students play the role of major stakeholders and they ethical issues around AI. have to decide what is ethical and what is not for a given scenario. 5. AI ETHICS

Session: AI Bias and AI Access • Discussing about the possible bias in data collection • Discussing about the implications of AI technology

To gain awareness around AI bias and AI access.

Recommended Activity: Balloon Debate • Students divide in teams of 3 and 2 teams are given To let the students analyse the same theme. One team goes in affirmation to AI for advantages and disadvantages of their section while the other one goes against it. Artificial Intelligence. • They have to come up with their points as to why AI is beneficial/harmful for the society.

SKILLS TO BE DEVELOPED

Applying Concepts in Learning Technical Skills

AI READINESS CONCEPTS

TECHNICAL SKILLS FOR AI

Developing Life Skills Through Concept Building

LIFE SKILLS FROM AI

Fostering Life Skills in Applying Technical Skills

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INCORPORATES NEP 2020 Created with new dimensions of Joyful Learning along with the parameters based on pedagogy of National Education Policy 2020 Inter-Disciplinary Computational Thinking Enables to help solve problems and make thinking more engaging

Connects knowledge across the curriculum for holistic development

Life Skills & Values Inclined towards empowering moral values in learner

Subject Enrichment

Experiential Learning

Aimed at understanding and skill developing in specific subject

Encourages ‘learning by doing’ through hands-on activities

National Education Policy 2020

Communication

Art Integration

Emphasis on power of language to develop cross disciplinary and interdisciplinary thinking

Interlinks education with art and culture providing deeper understanding of the concepts

Critical Thinking

Creativity

Strengthens logical decision making and innovation

Enhances imagination to generate new ideas

DIGITAL RESOURCES eBook

Answer Key

Practice Worksheets

Student Worksheet

Software Download Link

Visit www.orangeeducation.in or scan the QR Code to register on our web support

CONTENTS Unit

1

Excite

11

Introducing AI

Brief History of AI

Tasks Performed by AI

Terminologies Associated with Artificial Intelligence

Why Artificial Intelligence Matters?

Difference between Human Intelligence and AI

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Various Practices Involved in Artificial Intelligence

Domains of AI

Human-Machine Interaction (HMI)

AI Ready 1

Unit

2

31

Relate

32

Most Common Fields which use AI

AI in Apps

Concept of Smart Living AI Ready 2

60

Test Sheet 1

Unit

3

61

Purpose

63

Sustainable Development Goals AI Ready 3

Unit

4

74

Possibilities

75

Preferred Skills to get a Job in AI Field

Career Opportunities in AI

Organisations Providing AI Jobs AI Ready 4

Unit

5

87

AI Ethics

88

Understanding AI Ethics

Need of AI Ethics

Ethical Issues with AI

AI Ethics Progress

AI Bias

AI Access

Is AI a Boon or a Bane?

Advantages and Disadvantages of AI

AI Ready 5

103

Test Sheet 2

104

Projects

106

Glossary

111

AI Innovators

112

(x)

UNIT 1

EXCITE Learning Outcomes • • • • •

Introducing AI Tasks Performed by AI Why Artificial Intelligence Matters? Types of Artificial Intelligence Domains of AI

Alice, look what your uncle has sent for you from the USA.

• • • • •

Brief History of AI Terminologies Associated with Artificial Intelligence Difference between Human Intelligence and AI Various Practices Involved in Artificial Intelligence Human-Machine Interaction (HMI)

Sure, I will bring chocolate shake for you.

OMG! It’s a robot! Yes, she is Vincy and she is here to assist you. She will arrange your closet according to the seasons, mood and clothes last worn. Amazing! This is the best birthday gift anyone can have! Vincy, can you bring my favourite drink in the morning?

How do you know that I love chocolate shake? I know this because your uncle programmed your likes and dislikes into my system.

Ever since machines were invented, humans have been trying to make machines smarter like themselves. Thus we can say artificial intelligence is associating machines with human thinking process like decision making, problem solving and learning through the available database. In other words, we can say AI is the study of how to make computers think like humans in the fields at which they are better like decision making and logical thinking. To understand AI, we need to understand the unique thinking capabilities of human beings. We effortlessly pick up fresh tomatoes eliminating the rotten ones. We instantly identify rose among lots of flowers. Excite

11

Introducing AI “One of our big goals in search is to make search that really understands exactly what you want, understands everything in the world. As computer scientists, we call that artificial intelligence.” —Larry Page, Google Co-founder In simple terms, we can define AI as a machine that can simulate human thought process and can take actions based on those thoughts and even draw conclusions. It should also be able to correct itself, if it makes a mistake. This also means that AI based computer would be able to make a decision in a given situation like human beings and in some cases even better.

Brief History of AI The journey to understand if machines could truly think began much before John McCarthy’s first academic conference. In Vannevar Bush’s seminal work "As We May Think", he proposed a system which amplifies people’s own knowledge and understanding. Five years later, Alan Turing wrote a paper on the notion of machines being able to simulate human beings and the ability to do intelligent things, such as play Chess. In 1950s, AI was limited to problem solving and later in 1960’s US Defence did most of the work. The first intelligent personal assistant was introduced by One Voice as IVAN in the year 1999. The following table represents the evolution of AI over the years: S.No.

Year

Milestone

1.

1950

Alan Turing submitted a paper about the possibility of creating a machine that would think.

2.

1956

John McCarthy finally gave the name "Artificial Intelligence". A research was founded in Dartmouth college.

3.

1966

First Chatbot ELIZA was created.

4.

1967

WABOT project was undertaken in Japan.

5.

1972

The world's first full-scale intelligent humanoid robot WABOT-1 was completed.

6.

1980

Form of AI program “Expert System” was adapted.

7.

1989

Deep Thought and HiTech defeated chess masters. It led to the development of Deep Blue.

8.

1997

Deep Blue defeated then reigning world chess champion, Garry Kasparov.

9.

2002

Roomba, the robotic vacuum was developed.

10.

2011

IBM Watson, a question-answer computer system won a quiz show.

11.

2012

Google Now, a search application for Android and iOS was launched.

12

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VIII

S.No.

Year

Milestone

12.

2014

Eugene Goostman, a Chatbot won the Turing Test again convincing 33% of the judges.

13.

2015

Voice Controlled Intelligent Speakers—Amazon Echo, was available in the market.

14.

2016

The first social humanoid Robot Sophia made her first public appearance.

Brainy Fact John McCarthy (1927-2011) is considered as one of the founders of Artificial Intelligence. In the year 1955 at the Dartmouth Conference, he was the first to coin the term Artificial Intelligence. He also developed LISP programming language which became important in machine learning.

Tasks Performed by AI Although AI is still evolving but the AI machines are expected to perform the following tasks:

•

Reasoning: This model of AI can make decisions based on some rules and give proper results in some really difficult situations.

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Artificial Intelligence

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Perception Ad

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Pro

Problem Solving: This model of AI is specifically built to handle problematic situations and figure out the most efficient path to handle the situation.

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•

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Ge ne Lea ralis rni ed ng

Generalised Learning: This model of AI is capable of drawing conclusions from the existing data and producing new results based on the new data. Re

•

ta

bi

•

Perception: These model of AI is usually found in robots. They are designed to perceive the environment around them and gather data for a higher cause.

•

Computer Vision: This model of AI can analyse and understand images just like human beings.

•

Speech: This model of AI can interpret speech and convert text to speech.

•

Natural Language Understanding: This model of AI is designed to accept and comprehend data in the form of speech or text and provide results in human understandable form.

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y

olv ing

Visio

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Adaptability: This model of AI is designed to adapt to the conditions it is put in and draw conclusions based on these data.

mS ble

•

Excite

13

•

Logical Symbol Manipulation: This model of AI is proficient in interpreting symbols and provide results based on these symbols. Symbols here, refer to the signs that are used to describe data.

•

Robot Control: This model of AI specialises in controlling robots and such machines.

Terminologies Associated with Artificial Intelligence Some common terms associated with the definition of AI are Intelligence, Learning and Understanding. Let us learn about these: •

Intelligence means the ability to apply knowledge and skills. Humans are the most intelligent species who can understand, analyse and make decisions. An intelligent machine will perform the given task by understanding the environment and adjust its behaviour according to its senses. One such example of an intelligent machine is an industrial robot.

•

Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge, behaviour, skills, values and preferences. Machine learning is making the machine learn from its data bank rather than through explicit programming. Here, the performance automatically improves through experience.

•

Understanding is deep inner knowledge of oneself. For example, an AI driven car would be capable of suggesting easy and short route from one place to another and a robot would understand the human voice and tell who the speaker is.

There are some more terms associated with the learning of Artificial Intelligence. They are: •

Chatbots: These are AI programs that are designed to have a conversation with a human being. These are deployed by many organisations to resolve customer queries.

•

Internet of Things (IoT): Nowadays, we have a plethora of devices that can connect to the Internet and access information. These interconnected devices are known as IoT. Amazon Echo, wearable fitness bands being among many such examples.

•

Big Data: As the name suggests, these are huge clusters of data. Example of such data can be global stock market data or climate data of the entire world for weather forecasting etc.

•

Programming Language: There are many programming languages used to program AI based systems. One must learn these to be able to create AI based system. One of the most popular languages is Python.

•

Data Mining: This refers to the act of extracting useful information from a pile of data.

•

Machine Learning: This refers to the ability of an AI to learn and draw conclusion on its own without being programmed every time.

Reboot What is generalised learning?

14

Touchpad Artificial Intelligence-VIII

Why Artificial Intelligence Matters? Artificial Intelligence has already stepped into our lives. It makes a machine capable of learning from experience, understanding new inputs and performing tasks more like humans. Speech recognition, decision making and visual perception are some areas where AI is doing wonders. Minimizing human error is one of the advantages of using AI over human intelligence. There are some geographical areas where humans cannot operate. In such scenarios, AI can be very helpful. The speed at which AI system works on huge data is better than humans.

Brainy Fact Alan Turing, an English Mathematician, devised a test known as the Turing Test. This test is capable of determining the ability of a machine to show human-like intelligence.

Difference between Human Intelligence and AI Let us learn about the differences between human intelligence and artificial intelligence. Parameter

Human Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Nature

Human intelligence adjusts with new AI aims to build machines that can environment using different cognitive mimic human behaviour. skills.

Brain

Human brain is analogous.

Functioning

Humans use brain’s memory, ability to AI based machines depend on think and computational power. the huge data bank and specific instructions are fed into the system.

Tasks

Human beings perform various tasks AI machines perform various tasks using past experience, using trial by learning through data and and error methods and the learning continuous training. continues throughout their life.

AI based machines are digital.

Change in the Human insight takes less time to adapt AI machines take much more environment to the changed environment. time to adjust to the changed environment. Speed

Human beings take more time to AI based machine’s processing process huge data manually. speed is much faster than that of human beings.

Excite

15

Touchpad AI series has some prominent features such as AI Reboot, AI Deep Thinking, AI in Life, AI Lab and AI Ready which infuses NEP 2020 guidelines. Every chapter has competency based questions as guided by CBSE to ensure that students are capable of applying their learning to solve some real-life challenges.

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