K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

temI{]i-kX v \ - mb Cw•ojv Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ sPm\m-Y≥ kzn^v‰v Ab¿e-≠nse Uªn-\n¬ 1667-˛¬ P\n-®p. As°m√w Xs∂ ]nXmhp acn-®p. 1682-˛¬ {Sn\n‰n tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂p _ncp-Z-sa-SpØp. 1688˛¬ sPbnwkv c≠m-as‚ ÿm\ XymKsØØpS¿∂v ItØm-en°m Iem]w s]m´n-∏p-ds - ∏-´t- ∏mƒ A`-bm¿∞n-bmbn Cw•≠n-se-Øn. aq¿ ]m¿°n¬ k¿ hneyw sSºn-fns‚ sk{I´-dn-bmbn \nb-an-°s - ∏-´p. ]n¬°m-eØv kzn^v‰ns‚ Pohn-XØ - n¬ Gsd kzm[o\w sNep-Ønb FkvX¿ tPm¨ k¨ (sÃ-√) F∂ F´p hb- p-Im-cnsb ChnsS h®mWv BZy-ambn I≠p-ap´n-bX - v. CS-°m-eØv Ab¿e-≠nse Bw•n-°≥ N¿®n¬ ]ptcmln-X\ - m-sb-¶nepw ]≈n-ta-[m-hn-Xz-tØmSp FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp-aqew AhnsS XpS¿∂n-√. ho≠pw sSºnƒ {]`p-hns‚ IqsS tPmen sNbvXp. {]`p acn-®t- ∏mƒ Uªn-\n-te°p aS-ßn. sk‚ v ]m{Sn-°n¬ sshZn-I\pw ]n∂oSv Uo\p-am-bn. Pohn-XI - mew apgph\pw Ae-´n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ Hcp-Xcw Xe-®p-‰¬ 1738-˛¬ IqSpX¬ hj-fm-bn. 1742 BK-Ãn¬ _p≤n-am-μyhpw Hm¿Ω-°p-dhpw _m[n-®p. 1745 HIvtSm_-dn¬ A¥-cn® kzn^v‰ns‚ kº-Øn¬ \s√mcp `mKw NnØ-{`aw ]nSn-s]-´-h¿°p th≠n-bp≈ Hcmip-]{Xn ÿm]n-°m-\mbn \o°n-h-®n-cp∂p. a\p-jy≥ a\p-jyt\mSv Im´p∂ A\o-Xn-Isf AXn-\n-in-Xa - mbn hna¿in-°m\pw s]mß-®ß - sf cq£-ambn ]cn-lk - n-°m-\p-amWv Xs‚ kmlnXy krjvSn-If - n-eqsS kzn^v‰v {ian-®X - .v K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ (1726) BWv sPm\m-Y≥ kzn^v‰ns‚ G‰hpw {]i-kvX-amb IrXn. {KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ t]cn-√m-sX-bmWv CXv BZyw {]kn-≤-s∏Sp-Øn-bX - v. Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v Fs¥-¶nepw {]Xn-^ew In´nb Htcsbmcp IrXnbpw (200 ]u≠v) CXm-bn-cp-∂p. Zn sSbn¬ Hm^v F S∫v (1704), ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS bp≤w (1704) {Um∏n-b-dpsS IØp-Iƒ (1724) F∂n-h-bmWp a‰p {][m\ cN-\-Iƒ.

sPm\m-Y≥ kzn^v‰v 3

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

1937 s^{_p-hcn 4˛\v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp P\n-®p. Hcp h¿jw I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-bn¬ sdh\yq hIp-∏nepw ap∏-Ø©p h¿jw C≥Uy≥ HmUn‰v Un∏m¿´p-sa‚nepw tPmen sNbvXp. ko\nb¿ HmUn‰v Hm^o-k-dm-bn-cns° k¿ho-kn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-®p. IY, imkv { Xw, kmlnXy hna¿i- \ w, _me- k m- l n- X yw, hnh¿Ø\w F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ hn`m-Kß - f - n¬ Fgp-]X - n-e[ - nIw IrXn-Iƒ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. kwÿm\ _me-km-lnXy Ahm¿Upw (2001) tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Uan Ahm¿Upw (2003) e`n- ® p. G‰hpw IqSp- X ¬ ]pkv X - I - ß ƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXXn\v enwIm _pIv Hm^v sdt°m¿Uvkn¬ ÿm\w t\Sn.

Fw.-]n. kZm-in-h≥ 4

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

sPm\m-Y≥ kzn^v‰v

K≈n-h-dpsS bm{X-Iƒ

]cn- ` mj

Fw.-]n. kZm-in-h≥

hne 300 cq] 5

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

Malayalam

GULLIVARUDE YATHRAKAL Original Title : Gulliver`s Travels Novel Jonathan Swift Translation : M.P. Sadasivan First Edition : December, 2009 Second Edition : June, 2019 ISBN : 979-81-88779-26-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, Stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Publisher. z

Typesetting : Olive Cover Design : Nishan z

Publishers PAPPIYON An Imprint of Olive East Nadakkavu, Kozhikode - 673 011. Phone : 0495 4099086, 2765871. Web: www.olivepublication.com z

Branches: Kozhikode: Noor Complex, Mavoor Road Ph: 0495-4099864. E-mail: [email protected] Trivandrum: Shope No. 17, B J Catholic Centre General Hospital Junction. Ph: 0471 4058881. E-mail: [email protected] z

Rupees : Three Hundred

6

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

D≈-S°w Ikn≥ knwkWv Iym]v‰≥ K≈n-h¿ Fgp-Xnb Hcp IØv .... 9 {]km-[-I\p hmb-\-°m-tcmSp ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv ............................. 13 `mKw H∂v: en√n-∏p-´n-te°v Hcp bm{X ................................................................. 15 `mKw c≠v: t{_m_v- Un-Pv- \m-Kn¬ ......................................................................... 73 `mKw aq∂v: em]p-´, _mƒ\n-_m¿_n, •_vUp_v {Un_v, eKv\mKv Zzo]p-I-fn¬ ............................................................ 133 `mKw \mev: lyq\-ß-fpsS cmPyw ........................................................................... 179

7

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

8

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

Ikn≥ knwkWv Iym]v‰≥ K≈n-h¿ Fgp-Xnb Hcp IØv

F

s‚ bm{X-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ inYn-ehpw IrXy-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp hnhcWw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ [rXn-Iq-´n-bXpw \n¿∫‘w sNep-ØnbXpw \nß-fm-sW∂v ]c-ky-ambn kΩ-Xn-°p-sa∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ _‘p-hmb Umw]n-b¿ Fgp-Xnb "temIsØ Np‰n-bp≈ Hcp bm{X' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn\v Fs‚ D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbnse Nne sNdp-∏-°mscs°m≠v ssieo-]-c-amb Nne sX‰p-Iƒ Xn-cpØn-b-Xp-t]mse CXnepw Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Ø-W-sa∂p \n߃ D]tZ-in-®n-cp-∂p. F¶n-epw, Fs¥-¶nepw Hgn-hm-°mt\m Iq´n-tN¿°mt\m D≈ A[n-Imcw \n߃°p ssIam-dn-b-Xmbn Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂n-√. ˛ {]tXy-In-®pw, Rm≥ Gsd _lp-am-\n-°p-∂, {]mXx kvac-Wo-b-amb B≥ cm⁄nsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp JfinI AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ F√m {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw Rm≥ ]c-ky-ambn \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ bP-am\≥ lzo\-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ h®v at‰-sX-¶n-ep-samcp arKsØ {]iw-kn°p-∂Xp am\y-X-b-s√-∂pw, Rm\-ßs\ Nn¥n-°pI t]mep-an-√m-bn-cps∂∂pw \nßtfm CSbv°v CXp IpØn-Øn-cp-Inb hy‡ntbm Hm¿t°≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. t]msc¶n¬, B hkvXpX BsI°qSn AkXy-hp-amWv. cm⁄n Xncp-a-\- nse `c-W-Im-eØv Ipd®p Imew Cw•-≠n¬ Ign™n-cp∂ F\n-°v, Hcp {][m\ a{¥n-sb-s°m-≠mWv ˛ A√ c≠p t] scs°m≠mWv ˛ Ah¿ `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-sX-∂-dnbmw. H∂m-a≥ tKmƒtUmƒ^n¬ {]`phpw c≠m-a-sØ-bmƒ HmIvkv t^m¿Uv {]`p-hpam-bn-cp-∂p. B \ne-bv°v, "C√mØ Hcp Imcyw \n߃ Fs∂-s°m≠p ]d-bn-®p. AXp-t]m-se, Bkq{X-I-cpsS A°m-U-an-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂n-SØv Fs‚ bP-am-\≥ lzo\-hp-ambn \S-Ønb kw`m-j-W-Ønse ]e `mKßfpw \n߃ Dt]-£n-°p-Itbm F\n-°p-t]mepw Xncn-®d - n-bm\m- hmØ 9

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

hn[w am‰n adn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp. C°mcyw Hcp IØp aptJ\ Rm≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®-t∏mƒ A[n-Imc ÿm\-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ A®Sn am[y-aßsf IÆn-se-Æ-sbm-gn®p \nco-£n-°p-I-bm-sW-∂pw, Zp q-N-\-I-fps≠∂p tXm∂n-bm¬ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw \n߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bp≠m-bn. ]t£, At\Iw h¿j-߃°p apºv ]Xn-\-øm-bncw ssa¬ AI-se-bp≈ as‰mcp cmPyØp h®p ]d™ Imcy-߃ Ct∏mƒ Xe∏-Øn-cn-°p∂ bmlp°sf _m[n-°p-∂s - X-ßs - \, AXpw, Ah-cpsS Iognep≈ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p Rm≥ sX√pw `b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p∂ Cu thfbn¬? AtX bmlp-°sf Hcp h≠n-bn¬ lzo\-߃ ˛ BZysØ Iq´¿ Nn¥m- i - ‡ n- b p≈ Pohn- I fpw c≠m- a Xp ]d- ™ - h ¿ arK- ß fpw BsW∂ t]mse ˛ hen-®p-sIm≠p t]mIp-∂Xp Rm≥ ImWp-tºmƒ? AXy¥w lo\hpw Ad-∏p-f-hm-°p-∂-Xp-amb B Zriyw IÆn¬s∏SmXn-cn-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWv ChnsS h∂p hn{ia PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Fs∂ t{]cn-∏n® {][m\ LS-I-ß-fn-sem-∂v. \nß-fn¬ Rm≥ A¿∏n-®n-cp∂ hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v C{X-am-{Xw. C\n, Fs‚ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-s√∂ Fs‚ Xocp-am-\sØ am‰nadn-°m≥ \nßfpw a‰p Nnecpw \nc-Ønb Imc-Wß-sf-°p-dn®p IqSn ]d-bmw. s]mXp \∑-sb-°p-dn®p \n߃ kqNn-∏n®n-cp-∂-t√m. ]t£, {]t_m-[-\-߃ sImt≠m DZm-l-c-W-߃ aptJ\tbm Hcp am‰hpw hcp-Øm≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp PmXn arK-ß-fmWp bmlp°ƒ, Cu sIm®p Zzo]n-se-¶nepw Agn-a-Xnbpw t{Zmlhpw Ah-km-\n∏n°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-cw, Bdp-am-ksØ ap∂-dn-bn-∏n\p tijhpw Fs‚ ]pkvXIw sIm≠v Rm\p-t±-in® Hcp ^e-hp-ap-≠m-bn-s√∂p Rm≥ a\ n-em-°p-∂p. I£n-am-’-cy-߃°v A¥yw Ipdn-°p-tºmƒ, \ymbm[n-]-∑m¿ hnh-c-ap-≈-hcpw \oXn-am∑m-cp-am-Ip-tºmƒ, h°o-e-∑m¿ kXyk-‘cpw hn\-b-io-ecpw kmam\y t_m[-ap-≈-h-cpw, kvanØv ^o¬Uv \nb-a-{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bp-am-Ip-tºmƒ, Ipeo\ bphm-°-fpsS hnZym`ymk coXn ]mtS amdp-tºmƒ, sshZy-∑m¿ \mSp IS-Ø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, bmlp-°ƒ \∑bpw kXy-\n-jvTbpw A¥- p-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-tºmƒ, cmPk-Z- p-Iƒ ipNo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, Ignhpw tbmKy-Xbpw am\n-°-s∏Sp-tºmƒ, A®Sn am[y-asØ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-h¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sptºmƒ ˛ Hcp IØp aptJ\ Fs∂ Adn-bn-°-W-sa∂p Rm≥ \nßtfm-Sm-h-iys∏-´n-cp-∂t√m. Cu am‰-ß-sfms° kw`-hn-°m≥ Fs‚ ]pkvXIw Imc-W-am-Ip-sa∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-®p. bmlp°-fpsS hnUvVnØ-ßfpw Xn∑-Ifpw C√mbva sNøp-∂-Xn\v Ggp-amkw [mcm-f-am-Wv. Fs‚ At\z-j-W-߃°p adp-]Sn \¬Ip-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Fs∂ Ip‰10

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]e Btcm-]-W-ßfpw kvac-W-Ifpw \nc¥cw ]pdØp h∂p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ kz¥w bm{Xm kvac-WIƒ Rms\-gp-Xn-bX-s√∂p Nne¿ ]d-bp-tºmƒ a‰p Nne¿ Ft‚-X√mØ ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS I¿XrXzw Fs‚ ta¬ Nm¿Øp∂p. \nß-fpsS A®-Sn-°m-cs‚ A{i≤ sIm≠v, Fs‚ bm{X-bpsS B≠pamkw Xnb-Xn-If - n¬ ]e ]ni-Ip-Ifpw IS∂p IqSn-bn-´p-≠v. ]pkvXIw ]pdØp h∂-tXmsS ssIsb-gpØp {]Xn Rm≥ \in-∏n®p If-™p. Nne Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \n߃°-b®p X∂-Xv C\n-sbmcp ]Xn-∏p-s≠-¶n¬ AXn¬ tN¿°-Ww. _m°n-sb√mw hmb-\-°m-cpsS hnthI -]q¿Æamb Xocp-am-\-Øn\p hnSp-∂p. Rm≥ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ \mhn-I-cpsS `mjsb Nne IS¬ bmlp°ƒ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Fs‚ sNdp-∏-Im-eØv hfsc {]mbwsN∂ \m hn-I-cmWv Fs∂ AsX√mw ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv. ]t£, Ic-bn-ep-≈-Xp-t]m-se, IS¬ bmlp°fp-sSbpw `mj A\p-Zn\w amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Hmtcm bm{X Ign™p hcp-tºmgpw F\n°p a\- nem-°m≥ Ign-bmØhÆw kw`m-jWcoXn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. Fs‚ bm{Xmhnh-c-W-߃ km¶-ev]n-Ihpw `mh\m krjvS-hp-amsW∂pw bmlp-°fpw lzo\apIfpw Dt´m-∏n-bb - nse \nhm-kn-Is - f-t∏mse Hcn-SØpw Pohn-®n-cp-∂n-´n-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-sW-∂pw, bmlp-°ƒ Btcm-]n°m-dp-≠v. en√n-∏p-´n-sebpw "t{_m_v UnwKv dmKn-'sebpw (C-XmWp icnbmb D®m-cWw "t{_m_v UnwKv \mKv' F∂ sX‰mb coXn-bn-e-√) em∏p´-bn-sebpw P\-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp bmlphpw \ntj-[-{]-kvXm-h\-bp-ambn h∂n-´n-√. Hcp hmb-\-°m-c\pw AXns‚ kXym-h-ÿ-bn¬ kwibw tXm∂p-I-bn-s√-∂Xp Xs∂-bmWp Imc-Ww. Cu \K-c-Øn¬ t]mepw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\p bmlp-°-fp-≈-t∏mƒ ˛ Ah-cpsS Pev]\-߃ Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn-em-sW-∂-Xpw, \·-cmbn \S-°m-dn-s√∂Xpsamgn-®m¬ ˛ lzo\w \m´n¬ bmlp-°f - n-s√∂v F¥n\p hmZn-°Ww? Rm\-hsc {]iw-kn-®-X-√. sX‰p Xncp-Øn-°m≥ {ian-®-Xm-Wv. F√m-hcp-sSbpw Iq´mb ]pI-gvØ-en-s\-°mƒ, Fs‚ sXmgp-Øn¬ Rm≥ hf¿Øp∂ c≠p XcwXmW lzo\-ß-fpsS tljm-c-hsØ Rm≥ am\n°p-∂p. Imc-Ww, XcwXmW-h-cm-sW-¶nepw Ch-cn¬ \n∂v If-¶-an-√mØ Nne kzm`h hnti-j-߃ Rm≥ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. Fs‚ kXy-k-‘-Xsb kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ X°-hÆw Rm≥ A[x]-Xn®p t]msb-∂mtWm Cu hrØn-sI´ arK-ß-fpsS hnNmcw? Rms\mcp bmlphm-sW-¶nepw, {]K-¤-\mb Fs‚ bP-am-\s‚ amXrI 11

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

]n¥p-S¿∂v c≠ph¿jw sIm≠v (I-Tn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXn-´m-sW∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p), Fs‚ h¿§-Øn¬ hnti-jn®v bqtdm-]y-∑m-cn¬, cqVaq-e-am-bn-´p≈ I≈w, NXn, h©-\, ht{Im‡n {]tbmKw apX-emb Zqjy-ß-sf-sb√mw C√mbva sNøm≥ F\n°p km[n-®n-´p-≠v. a‰p Nne ]cm-Xn-Iƒ IqSn-bp-s≠-¶nepw AsXm∂pw Ct∏mƒ D∂bn®v \nß-fpsS sskzcw sISp-Øp-∂n-√. Ah-km-\sØ bm{X Ign™p h∂v, \nß-fpsS h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ Nne-cp-am-bn, {]tXy-In-®v, Fs‚ kz¥w IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-am-bn, Hgn®p IqSm-\m-hmØ kml-Nc - y-ßf - n¬ CS-]g- tI≠n h∂Xp aqew ]gb bmlp {]IrXw F∂n¬ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn®p XpSßn-bn-´p-s≠∂p Rm≥ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. A√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Cu cmPysØ bmlp hwisØ ]cn-jI v c - n-°p-Is - b∂ ipw`-Øc - Ø - n\p Rm≥ Cd-ßn]p-ds - ∏-Sp-Ib - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. CtXmsS AØcw Znhm kz]v\-߃°p hncma-an-Sp-I-bm-Wv. 1727 G{]n¬ 2

12

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

{]km-[-I\v hmb-\-°m-c-t\mSv ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv Fs‚ Nnc-¥\ kplr-ØmWv Cu bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-Øns‚ I¿Ømhv anÿ seap-sh¬ K≈n-h¿. Fs‚ AΩ hgn At±-l-hp-ambn F\ns°mcp _‘-hp-ap-≠v. sdUv dn^ose ho´n¬ kμ¿i-Ic - psS _mlpeyw kln-°-h-øm-Xm-b-t∏mƒ, kz¥w P∑-ÿ-e-amb s\hm¿°n-\-Sp-Øp≈ t\m´n≠mw jb-dn¬ Hcp Xp≠p `qan-bpw Hcp hoSpw At±lw hne-bv °p-hm-ßn. AhnsS Ab¬°m-cpsS kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-ß-tf‰p hmßns°m≠v hn{ia PohnXw \bn-°p-∂p. A—≥ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ t\m´nßmw jb-dn-emWp K≈n-h¿ P\n-®-sX¶nepw Xs‚ IpSpw_w HmIvkv t^m¿Uv jb-dn¬ \n∂p h∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xp Rm≥ tI´n-´p-≠v. kXymhÿ a\- n-em-°p-∂Xn\v AhnsS _m¨_-dn-bn-ep≈ ]≈n skan-tØ-cnbpw K≈n-h¿ IpSpw_-Øns‚ kvamc-I-ßfpw Rm≥ ]cn-tim-[n-®p. sdUv^n-dn¬ \n∂p t]mIp-∂-Xn\p apºv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ssI sb-gp-Øp-{]Xn Fs‚ bp‡w t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]d™v Fs∂ Gev]n-®n-cp-∂p. Rm\nXv aq∂p XhW k{i≤w hmbn-®p. XnI®pw efnXhpw A\-ew-Ir-X-hp-amb ssien. km[m-cW k©m-cn-I-sf-t∏m-se, hni-Zmw-i-߃ Ipd®p IqSn-t∏mbn F∂-XmWv Rm\n-Xn¬ ImWp∂ Htc-sbmcp Ipd-hv. BZy-h-km\w kXy-Øns‚ sXfn®w CXn-\p-≠v. {KŸ-Im-cs‚ sdUv dn^n-ep≈ Ab¬°m¿ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp Imcyw kXy-am-sW∂p ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v ""an. K≈n-h¿ ]d-bm-dp-≈-Xp-t]mse kXy-am-Wv,'' F∂v BW-bn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw, At±-l-Øns‚ kXy\njvT \ap°p t_m[y-am-Ipw. {KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ A\p-a-Xn-tbmsS ]e am\y-∑m-scbpw ImWn®v D]-tZiw tXSn-b-Xn\p tij-amWp Rm\nXp ]pd-Øn-d° - p-∂X - v. Cu IrXn cmjv{So-b° - m-cpsS IpØn-°p-dn-°e - p-Is - f-°mƒ ck-Ic - a - m-bn, Ipd®p ImetØ-s°-¶n-epw, bphm-°ƒ°v A\p-`h - s - ∏-Sp-sa∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. 13

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

IS¬°m-‰n-s‚bpw then-tb-‰-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰pw hni-Zmw-i-߃ sImSp¶m-‰n¬s]´ I∏-ens\ \nb-{¥n-°p∂ hn[w, A£mw-iw, tcJmw-iw, apX-em-bh Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]e `mK-ßfpw Rm≥ ss[cy-k-taXw sh´n°-f-™n-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ hen∏w CXns‚ c≠n-c-´nsb-¶n-ep-am-tb-s\. AXn¬ K≈n-h-dn\v Aev]w Akw-Xr]vXn tXm∂ntb-°mw. hmb-\-°m-cpsS sIm°n-sem-Xp-ßp-∂Xp \¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ {iaw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw kap{Z k©m-csØ kw_-‘n® Fs‚ A⁄X ImcWw Nne kvJen-X-߃ kw`-hn-®n-cn-°mw. AXn\p Rm≥ am{X-amWv DØ-c-hm-Zn. K≈n-h-dpsS cN\ ]q¿Æ cq]-Øn¬ ImWm-\m{K-ln-°p∂ k©m-cn-bpsS Pn⁄mk ian-∏n-°m\pw Rm≥ Xbm-dmWv. {KŸ-Im-c-s\-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ß-f-dn-bm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ CXn\p sXm´p-ap-ºp≈ t]Pp-Iƒ ImWp-I. dn®m¿Uv knw]vk¨

14

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

`mKw H∂v

en√n-∏p-´n-te°v Hcp bm{X 15

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

16

K≈n-hd - psS bm{X-Iƒ

A[ymbw H∂v Fs‚ A—\v t\m´nßmwjb-dn¬ Ipd®p `qkz-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A©v B¨a-°-fn¬ aq∂m-a-\mWp Rm≥. ]Xn-\m-em-asØ hb- n¬ tIw{_n-UvPnse CΩm-\p-h¬ tImtf-Pn¬ Fs∂ tN¿Øp. aq∂p-h¿jw Rm\-hnsS Xma-kn®p ]Tn-®p. A—s‚ Xp—-amb hcp-am-\-Øn¬ \s√mcp ]¶v F\n°p Ab®p X∂n-cp-s∂-¶nepw Fs‚ sNe-hn\v AXv H´pw aXn-bm-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠v, e≠-\nse an. sPbnwkv t_‰vkv F∂ `njKz-cs‚ Iogn¬ A{]‚o-kmbn tNcm≥ Rm≥ \n¿∫-‘n-X-\m-bn. \mep h¿jw Aßs\ Ign®p Iq´n. h√-t∏mgpw A—≥ Ab®p X∂n-cp∂ ]Ww I∏-tem-´hpw \mhn-I¿ Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠X - mb KWn-Xi - m-kv{Xhpw a‰pw ]Tn-°m≥ Rm≥ hn\n-tbm-Kn-®p. Fs∂-¶nepsamcn-°¬ AXv D]I-cn-°p-sa∂ hnizm-khpw F\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. an. t_‰vkns‚ Iognep≈ ]cn-io-e\w Ah-km-\n-∏n®p Rm≥ A—-s‚-b-SpØp sN∂p. A—\pw AΩm-h≥ tPmWpw a‰p Nne _‘p-°fpw tN¿∂v kzcq-]n® \mev]Xp ]h-s‚bpw, B≠n¬ ap∏-Xp-]-h≥ hoXw Ab-®p-X-cm-sa∂ hmKvZm-\Ø - n-s‚bpw _e-Øn¬ Rm≥ sebvU\ - n¬ tN¿∂v c≠p h¿jw Ggp-amkw sshZy-imkv{Xw ]Tn-®p. Zo¿L-bm-{X-Iƒ°v AXv {]tbm-P\-s∏-Sp-sa∂p tXm∂n. sebvU-\n¬ \n∂p Xncn®p h∂ DS-s\, Fs‚ \√-h-\mb Kpcp \mY≥ an. t_‰vkns‚ ip]m¿i-{]-Imcw "kzmtfm' F∂ I∏-ens‚ Iym]v‰≥ A{_lmw ]m∂¬ Fs∂ k¿P-\mbn \nb-an-®p. aq∂c h¿jØn-\n-Sbv°v seh‚ v XpS-ßnb Nne ÿe-ß-fn-te°v Ht∂m ct≠m bm{X-Iƒ t]mbn. aS-ßn-h∂v e≠-\n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mtem-Nn-®p. an. t_‰vkns‚ t{]m’m-l-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. [mcmfw tcmKnIƒ°v At±lw Fs∂ ip]m¿i-sN-bvXp. HmƒUv Pqdn-bn¬ Hcp sNdnb hoSv hmS-I-bvs°-Sp-Øp. Pohn-X-Øn-s\mcp Nn´-th-W-sa∂ A`yp-Z-b-Imw£n-I-fpsS D]-tZiw IW-°n-se-SpØv an nkv tacn-_¿´s\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. \yqtK‰v kv{So‰n¬ hkv{X-\n¿ΩmWime \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ an. FUva≠v _¿´s‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p tacn. ]nXr-kz-Øn¬ Ah-fpsS hoX-ambn \m\qdp ]h\pw In´n.

17