ISBN 9798885550048 This book has been published with all efforts taken to make the material error-free after the consent of the author. However, the author and the publisher do not assume and hereby disclaim any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. No part of this book may be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the author, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.
To my SST Teacher Miss Darakshan Samrin Without whome this book would have been never completed.
Contents
Introduction
x
1. Mercantilism
1
2. Coming of The East India Company
4
3. How Trade Cause Battles
10
4. Expansion of British Empire (1757-1818)
16
5. Reforms Measures Undertaken by The Company
32
Introduction The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur in 1526. It was expanded to its full glory by Akbar. The Mughal Empire began to decline after the reign of Aurangzeb. Even till the first half of the seventeenth century its capital Delhi was considered to be a major power center. However, within the next fifty years the signs of decline and disintegration were visible. The Mughal administrative machinery was sapped of its vitality. By 1761 the Mughal Empire existed only in name as its boundaries had disintegrated into regional kingdoms. Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad were the three successor states of the Mughal Empire.
1
Mercantilism Europe carry on profitable trade along the overland route to the East until in the mid fifteenth century the Turks block this trade route. The European then Discover new sea route to East. In 1498, Vasco da Gama of Portugal sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and landed at Calicut on the Malabar Coast in South India. Portugal's profitable Eastern trade attracted other European to over she trades with the East. Trading companies by the end of the sixteenth century, Europe's overseas trade with the east began to fetch enormous profits. The rulers of some European countries allowed groups of merchants to start trading companies with monopoly to trade with East. This meant that no other merchants in this country could participate in the Eastern trade. In return, the rulers took a share of the profits.
Colonization of India
Map showing the sea route from Europe to India discovered by the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama in 1498.