January – March 2023

Issue 1

T F A R D FOCUS

COVER STORY

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT

From The Vice Rector of Research & Innovation: Leading by Research

Unexpected Historical Earthquakes in the Banda Islands

3D printing for bone tissue engineering

FOCUS

Leading by Research Prof. I Gede Wenten, Ph.D., Vice Rector of Research and Innovation, ITB We believe one of significant role of universities as our society try to address some pressing issues, such as disaster and climate change mitigation, energy, improving productivity, laid on research quality as an essential element of excellent scientific culture. In more broad and social perspective, research is a guide for learning and teaching in universities that are part of the knowledge democratization movement. Moreover, research is the foundation for invention and innovation that supporting the contribution of universities in creating added value in society and lead the transformation in technocratic way. In this perspective, how significant our role in society is depends on research quality. This quality means the universal standard quality. We encourage our scientist to publish more in Q1 journals as the highest quality journals along with meaningfulness to the society. There are three essential points in the vision of global and national reputation. First, ITB is the initiator of the national economy of Indonesia’s future industry development, second, as the leading actor in community empowerment; and third, as the center of the national civilization development through innovation and advanced educational activities. Earthquakes As a platform of research and innovation communication that 882 aims to enhance readability and increase audience, this first edition of “ITB Research Bulletin” covering major publications from different topics, such as earthquakes, coastal protection, biomass conversion, nanomaterials, membrane science, etc. in Research Highlight pages. There also information about scientist profiles and awards, and selected programs from Research Department of LPPM ITB. We do welcome for responses and feedback to improve our communication program, especially the publication of “ITB Research Bulletin”. *

Membrane Science Ultrafiltration

Nanomaterials Zinc Oxide

448

433 Biomass Conversion

Material Science Cellulose Processing

310 Travel Behavior

Coastal Protection

Prof. I Gede Wenten, Ph.D.

Building Engineering Thermal Comfort

246

197

182

Electrical Engineering Power Transformers

201 Enhanced Oil Recovery

165

101

101 58

54

45

42

42

41

40

Web of Science Documents

38

37

Time Cited

Ranking

235

QS World University Rankings of ITB Ranking

Ranking

303

313

2021

2022

2023

ITB Publications (2019-2022) based on Quartile SJR from Scival Elsevier Database 700 637 Q3

600

Q1 566

Q1

Q1 443

443 359

400

Q1 359

300

274

239 Q2

Q1 223

200

330

304

2021

Date last updated Date exported

13 March 2023 27 March 2023

4819

253

Q2 1118

125

2019

Q1 1591

292

260

Q4

2022

Scopus

Q3 1519

Q3

104

2019 2020

Overall

322 Q2

223

100

Data source

Q4 591

566

500

2020

Q4

2021

88

2022

© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. SciVal, RELX Group and the RE symbol are trade marks of RELX Intellectual Properties SA, used under license.

Publications 2018-2022 from Database InCites - Clarivate Powder Technology Electrospinning 342 Volcanology 277 Digital Technology Internet of Things 154

37

Oceanography Solar Cells

234

178

36

36

Material Science Zeolites 292

36

34

Lithium-Ion Battery 243

Geophysics and Geothermal Research 115

Climate Change 108

34

34

Knowledge Management 119

33

33

33

COVER STORY

Figure of the Banda slab and Banda detachment profile (Cummins, et al., 2020)

Dr. Irwan Meilano

Rollback of ‘Banda Detachment’

Unexpected Historical Earthquakes in the Banda Islands

Adapted from article entitled “Earthquakes and tsunamis caused by low-angle normal faulting in the Banda Sea, Indonesia” Phil R. Cummins, Ignatius R. Pranantyo, Jonathan M. Pownall, Jonathan D. Griffin, Irwan Meilano, and Siyuan Zhao Published in Nature Geoscience Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 312 – 318, 1 April 2020

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Although under the Banda Sea lies one of the most striking subduction, a group of scientist, including Irwan Meilano from Geodesy Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, found that Banda earthquake and tsunami of 26 November 1852 caused by previously unidentified, low-angle normal fault system we name the ‘Banda Detachment’. This new study highlight two potential locations where the tsunami could have originated; the Banda detachment and submarine slump on the Weber Deep’s eastern side. Furthermore, the researchers model the two tsunamis and show that the tsunami waveforms generated by the submarine slump matches the historical records. The paper on the results of this international research collaboration was published in Nature Geoscience under the title Earthquakes and tsunamis caused by low-angle normal faulting in the Banda Sea, Indonesia. Phil R. Cummins, a researcher at the Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University led the writing of the paper, along with the collaborator; I. R. Pranantyo from Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University; J. M. Pownall from Department of Geography, Geology, and Environment University of Hull, UK; J. D. Griffin from Community Safety Branch Geoscience Australia and Department of Geology University of Otago, New Zealand; I. Meilano from Geodesy Research Group Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; and Siyuan Zhao from Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University.

Indonesia is a country that is prone to earthquakes. Throughout 2022, the Indonesian Agency for Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysics recorded that there were 10,729 earthquakes. This natural disaster is related to the existence of an earthquake source that is formed due to plate interaction in Indonesia. Located in the southeastern part of the Asian continent, Indonesia is at the confluence of three Earth’s largest plates, the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific plates. The movement of these three plates produces two subduction zones, Sunda and Banda subductions. Meanwhile, in eastern Indonesia, under the Banda Sea lies one of the most striking subduction zones in the world with a 180˚ arc bend. In the Banda arc, the Eurasian plate is the upper plate on both the Indo-Australian plate in the south and the Pacific plate in the north. The Banda arc has a tight 300 km radius of curvature. Although over the past decade the western part of the Sunda subduction has experienced several megathrust earthquakes, the subduction zones of the eastern Sunda, Banda arc, and eastern Indonesia have remained relatively calm over the last 150 years. What could have caused destructive earthquakes in the Banda Islands is a question that has puzzled scientists. Thanks to the discovery of a fault in the Banda Sea, researchers finally have the answer to this question. “It would at first appear likely that large earthquakes and tsunamis that devastated the Banda Islands in the historical past, as well as the potential threat of future events, should be attributed to a megathrust along this Banda outer arc. However, since the Banda arc is a zone of arc–continent collision, it no longer features an oceanic trench and, therefore, no megathrust. Hence, it is imperative that the mechanism for destructive Banda Sea earthquake and tsunami generation is re-evaluated,” said the study. Recently, there has been a proposal related to the configuration of the Banda subduction zone, which at the same time proved to explain the most intriguing physiographic features of the Banda Sea; Weber deep. “Here we propose an eastward subduction rollback that drives forearc extension,” says Jonathan M. Pownall, a researcher from the University of Hull, UK.

Source of the earthquake & tsunami The 1852 earthquake generated its strongest felt intensity in the Banda Islands and intensity decreased northward at Ternate. Researchers wrote, “The only major fault identified so near the Banda Islands is the Banda detachment, and we therefore consider whether an earthquake on this fault, just east of the Banda Islands could give rise to the observed seismic intensities.” Researchers consider an earthquake located along the surface of the Banda detachment that has a fault dip that can break during an earthquake. To produce rapid fall-off of the intensity observed from the 1852 earthquake, even the rupture in the Tanimbar Trench generates insufficient intensity. “nstead, the observed intensities favor a smaller earthquake near the Banda detachment. The four tsunami observations of the 1852 event all clearly show that the source could not have been a megathrust event in the outer arc. The 1852 Banda sea tsunami has a particularly clear description of its arrival time relative to the earthquake. “This 20 minute delay between the occurrence of the earthquake and the arrival of the tsunami is an important constraint on the locus of tsunami generation.” Therefore, researchers highlight two potential locations where the tsunami could have originated; the Banda detachment and submarine slump on the Weber Deep’s eastern side. Furthermore, the researchers model the two tsunamis and show that the tsunami waveforms generated by the submarine slump matches the historical records. It is not certain that the mechanism behind the 1852 earthquake and tsunami also applies to other historical earthquakes in the Banda Sea. However, researchers suggest that the other historical major tsunamis that have affected the Banda Islands were caused by an earthquake-triggered submarine slump. “Regardless of which fault caused the Banda Sea earthquakes of 1629–1852, it would be a mistake to assume the Banda detachment cannot rupture in a future earthquake simply because it lacks recorded seismicity,” the researchers conclude.*

The rollback causes the lower crust and subcontinental lithospheric mantle rises to fill the gap opened above the rolling-back slab. This rollback also drives the extreme lithospheric extension which is accommodated by a major, previously unidentified, low-angle normal fault system we name the ‘Banda Detachment’. Researchers consider whether historical accounts of destructive earthquakes in the Banda Sea can be explained by large but infrequent earthquakes on the Banda detachment and how these might generate tsunamis. They were focus on the earthquake of 26 November 1852 because it has the most extensive and detailed accounts of the devastated the Banda Islands and of the subsequent tsunami.

Figure of Banda Islands (source: https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/aerial-view-bandaislands-moluccas-archipelago-indonesia_4826320.htm)

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHT g MATERIAL SCIENCE

Sound absorption of extracted pineapple-leaf fibres !"#$%&'()"*+,-"$&".&/0,*'1,/%&+-$/'++2/32/'.&.-(*/)& !"#$%&'#()#

Azma Putra, Khai Hee Or, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Muhamad Haziq Hassan, and Iwan Prasetiyo Applied Acoustics, Volume 136, Pages 9 – 15, July 2018 !

Link: Scopus - Document details - Sound absorption of extracted pineapple-leaf fibres | Signed in

A group of scientists including Iwan Prasetiyo, Ph.D. at Engineering Physics ITB wrote a report of the utilisation of fibres from the pineapple leaf (PALF) to be an alternative natural acoustic material. They fabricated samples from raw pineapple leaf fibres with different densities and thicknesses to observe their effects on the sound absorption characteristic.

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TIMES CITED

84

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR

2.297

Iwan Prasetiyo, Ph.D.

Measurement was conducted for the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient in an impedance tube based on ISO 10534-2. It reveals that the pineapple leaf fibres can achieve sound absorption coefficient of 0.9 on average above 1 kHz by controlling ,-'#./0'#/1#23%45%0#30%66568#.'78956&#':3/28.'#/1#&0/;%0#2'%#0'3/9'64'.#?'0/9%45/6#%0/6-'#@867%#A.9#56#B67/6'25%#!*#$%&'#+)#

The tectonics of the Sunda arc region is characterized by the junction of the Eurasian and IndoAustralian tectonic plates, causing complex dynamics to take place. High-seismicity rates in the Indonesian region occur due to the interaction between these tectonic plates. Prof. Dr. Andri Dian Nugraha, scientist at Global Geophysics Research Group of ITB lead a study of Hypocenter Relocation along the Sunda Arc in Indonesia, Using a 3D SeismicVelocity Model.

# Andri Dian Nugraha, Hasbi A. C0'94./2386#6%6/15;'.#1./D#90'#4%:52H# %67#38;059#4.%623/.4#56#4-'#I%J%.4%#D'4./3/054%6#%.'%#!*#3%&'#K)# relocation along the sunda residuals compared with the initial locations. The arc in Indonesia, using a 3D relocation results better illuminate subducted slabs seismic-velocity model | and active faults in the region such as the Signed in

Mentawai back thrust and the outer rise in the subduction zone south of Java. Synthesis of the results provides further insight into seismogenesis in the region.

TIMES CITED

27

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR

3.888

Prof. Dr. Andri Dian Nugraha

7

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g MEMBRANE SCIENCE

Electrospun nanofiber from various source of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste

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TIMES CITED

45

JOURNAL IMPACT # FACTOR

#

The properties of the membranes fabricated from those sources were compared to obtain the best EPS waste source for air filter application. To make the precursor solutions, those samples were dissolved in d-limonene:DMF . The solid EPS density, solution viscosity, and surface tension were measured. The fiber diameter and morphology of nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for each EPS variation.

7.145

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Dr. Eng. Muhammad Miftahul Munir Abdul Rajak, Dian Ahmad Hapidin, Ferry Iskandar, Muhammad Miftahul Munir, and Khairurrijal Waste Management Volume 103, Pages 76 – 86, 15 February 2020

The fabricated membrane properties (crystallinity, wettability, and mechanical strength) and filtration properties (pressure drop, PM2.5 filtration efficiency, and quality factor) were fully characterized and analyzed. Homogeneous fiber diameter with various morphologies (beaded, wrinkled, and smooth fiber) were obtained from all samples with hydrophobic to super-hydrophobic surface. Also, the EPS solid density affected the solution viscosity with certain expression, which

# details Link : Scopus - Document then affected the fabricated membrane packing density, porosity, and mechanical C0'94./2386#6%6/15;'.#1./D#90'#4%:52H# transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area %67#38;059#4.%623/.4#56#4-'#I%J%.4%#D'4./3/054%6#%.'%#!*#3%&'#K)#

Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, Prawira F. Belgiawan, Ari K. M. Tarigan, and F. Wijanarko Transportation Volume 47, Issue 5, Pages 2367 – 2389, 1 October 2020 Link : Scopus - Document details - To compete or not compete: exploring the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area | Signed in

In the last decade, the emergence of ride-sourcing services has transformed personal trip behavior. In the context of Indonesia, ride-sourcing services have evolved into two modes of transport: motorcycle-based and car-based. The presence of such services has strongly impacted consumers’ choices of travel mode. However, the main question is whether the ride-sourcing service is a complement or a substitute for the existing public transport and conventional taxis. Prawira F. Belgiawan Ph.D., scientist with Business Strategy and Marketing Interest Group ITB is co-author of a study to explore the relationships between motorcycle-based ride-sourcing, motorcycle taxis, and public transport in the Jakarta metropolitan area.

TIMES CITED

37

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR

5.192

Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Ph.D.

8

The result shows that motorcycle-based ride-sourcing works as a complementary mode for the TransJakarta bus and Jakarta commuter train, but as a competitor with the motorcycle taxis. Contrarily, motorcycle taxis supported the existence of motorcycle-based ridesourcing. The study also found that individuals use motorcycle taxis as feeders to transit stops.*

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Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Didi Prasetyo Benu, Xingtao Xu, Brian Yuliarto, Yusuke Yamauchi, and Dmitri Golberg Chemical Reviews Volume 122, Issue 1, Pages 1000 – 1051, 12 January 2022

TIMES CITED

34

JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR

72.087

Borophene, a monolayer of boron, has risen as a new exciting twodimensional (2D) material having extraordinary properties, including anisotropic metallic behavior and flexible (orientation-dependent) mechanical and optical properties. This review summarizes the current progress in the synthesis of borophene on various metal substrates, including Ag(110), Ag(100), Au(111), Ir(111), Al(111), and Cu(111), as well as heterostructuring of borophene. In addition, it discusses the mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and superconducting properties of borophene and the effects of elemental doping, defects, and applied mechanical strains on these properties. Research 7$-67-2/3$-889and application challenges and the outlook of the whole borophene’s field are given.*

Technological solutions for long-term storage of partially used nuclear waste: A critical review

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