DECEMBER 2022 Campus Talk

IMPORTANT DAYS IN DECEMBER December 1st - World AIDS Day AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency System. AIDS is a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when the HIV virus has severely damaged your immune system. December 2nd - National Pollution Control Day It focuses on preventing pollution and raising awareness about how we keep mother nature. It is for the remembrance of the people who passed away in the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, in 1984. December 3rd - International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The aim is to support and understand disability issues. We need to be kind to the person that has disabilities all the time. But on this day we can celebrate and give more kindness to them. December 5th - International volunteer day The international volunteer day was first designated in 1985 by the UN General Assembly. It is celebrated because it offers some volunteers and organizations an opportunity to support the achievement of sustainable development goals at different levels. The best way to celebrate is to make an appreciation meal or organize an event for it. December 10th - Human Rights Day Humans rights day, even if doesn’t sound that important, protects and preserves all human rights. By ensuring every individual has a life of dignity. This specific day commemorates the day in 1948 when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

December 11th - UNICEF Day UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. UNICEF works to save children’s lives, help them fulfill their potential, and defend their rights. December 20th - International Human Solidarity Day International solidarity is the day that people express a spirit of unity among individuals, peoples, States, and international organizations. It surrounds the union of interests, purposes, and actions and the recognition of different needs and rights to achieve common goals. December 22nd - National Mathematics day The reason for national mathematics day on the 22nd of December is the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan. He is a legendary mathematician. His contributions to number theory, infinite series, mathematical analysis, etc., are considered instrumental. On this day, we celebrate his work and recognize him as a legendary mathematician. December 25th - Christmas It is an annual celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ. We celebrate by exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing meals with family and friends, and waiting for Santa Claus to arrive. December 31st - New Year’s Eve It is the last day of the year and the first day of the new year. We celebrate in the night because we begin a new year. Nisan Küçükünsal - Seden Bingül

T H E G A R D E N O F E A R T H L Y D E L I G H T S ART HISTORY The Garden of Earthly Delights is a triptych oil painting made by the artist Hieronymus Bosch. It is a 205.5 cm x 384.9 cm painting, painted on 3 oak panels between 1490 and 1510. The exterior part of the panels have a green-gray contrast, they lack color which indicates that the painting reflects a time before the creation of the sun and moon. These panels show the creation of the world. Since there is no presence of vegetation, human or animal life, the scene represents the biblical Third Day. At the upper left of the painting it can be seen that there is a figure who is God. And above him the quote "For he spoke and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast." is inscribed. The scenes in the triptych have a chronological order which is Eden, The Garden of Earthly Delights and Hell. God appears as the creator of humanity in the left hand wing, while the consequences of humanity's failure to follow his will are shown in the right.

The left panel, also known as the joining of Adam and Eve, is about the moment where God presents Eve to Adam. In the scene, Adam wakes up from a deep sleep to find God holding Eve by her wrist. Eve avoids looking at Adam but she is also presenting herself seductively. Adam seems amazed by the presence of God and the creation of Eve since she is a part of him. The Left Panel The Center Panel The central panel has a water-bound globe on the center of the painting. It is surrounded by male and female nude figures, a variety of animals, plants and fruit. Although this scene looks like a heaven-like place, it is not heaven, it is something in between a paradise and reality. The figures are behaving without shame and with sexual curiosity. This panel illustrates Hell. Bosch depicts the world in which humans are tempted to do evil. In every scene, it can be seen that there is a city on fire, war, torture, taverns, demons and mutated animals feeding on human flesh. The nakedness of the human figures has lost all its eroticism, and many now attempt to cover their genitalia and breasts with their hands, ashamed by their nakedness. Numerous components of the panel make use of past iconographic traditions used to represent hell. Bosch is creative in that he portrays hell as a realistic realm with many aspects of normal human existence, rather than as a fanciful location. The Right Panel Doga Koçoglu 12C

T H E P I E T The pieta which means mercy or pity in english is a masterpiece by Michelangelo A Buonarroti. This sculpture is currently placed in Vatican city, St. Peter’s Basilica. It’s the first work among other statues of the same theme and also the only piece Michelangelo ever signed. The sculpture represents Jesus Christ lying on the lap of his mother after the crucifixion. The statue balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. One of the key features of Renaissance art was the use of geometric and symmetric shapes to create a sense of balance and harmony. Michelangelo’s Pietà is shaped like a triangle, with Mary’s head at the top and Christ’s body in her lap forming the base. So, the structure is pyramidal, where the vertex coincides with Mary’s head. The figures are quite out of proportion, due to the difficulty of depicting a fully grown man cradled full length in a woman’s lap. Michelangelo's interpretation of the Pieta was far different from the other pietas created by other artists, because he sculpted Mary as a young and beautiful woman rather than an older woman. As can be seen Mary looks even younger than his son. Michelangelo thought that virtuous women did not age, and this is why Mary is portrayed as youthful, It’s the symbol of her purity and cleanliness.

If you look more closely, the sculptor’s signature can be found across Mary's chest. Sixteenth century art historian Vasari tells the story of how Michelangelo made his mark: One day “Michelagnolo, entering the place where it was set up, found there a great number of strangers from Lombardy, who were praising it highly, and one of them asked to the others who had done it, and he answered, 'Our Gobbo from Milan.' Michelangelo stood silent, but thought it something strange that his labors should be attributed to another; and one night he shut himself in there, and, having brought a little light and his chisels, carved his name upon it”. “MICHAEL ANGELUS BONAROTUS FLORENTINUS FACIEBAT.” It says Michelangelo Buonarroti, Florentine, made this. Michelangelo later regretted the vanity of this act, and decided not to sign another piece of his work again. At the age of seventeen, Michelangelo began dissections of cadavers from the hospital in the Convent of Santo Spirito, after the death of his mentor Lorenzo de Medici. So Michelangelo was really good at anatomy and this is evident from the pieta. One of the most striking parts of the statue is the part where Mary holds her son with her right hand. Michelangelo impeccably gave the marble the texture of real human skin.

In 1972, an Australian geologist named Laszlo Toth leapt over the railings surrounding thePietà and attacked the statue with a hammer. Shouting that he was Jesus Christ, he knocked off Mary’s left arm, removed the tip of her nose, and damaged her cheek and left eye.An international team of art experts began a ten-month restoration. Six months after the attack, the Vatican reported that another signature on the Pietà had been found. Mary’s fingers had broken off when her arm hit the floor. When examining the damaged hand, Dr. Vittorio Federici, chief of scientific research in the Vatican Museums deduced that Michelangelo had inscribed a letter M on Mary’s left palm. It’s thought that Michelangelo also made this letter for his signature. This means that Pieta might have been signed twice. Since the attack, the pieta has been protected and displayed with bulletproof glass. Esra Naz Tığlı 11-C

Milattan önce 46 yılında Roma İmparatoru Jül Sezar, zamanın matematikçi ve gök bilimcilerine danışarak dünya çapında kullanılan, modern Miladi Takvim ’ e çok benzeyen bir güneş takvimi olan “Jülyen ” takvimini oluşturmuştur. Jülyen Takvimi’ nin kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla yeni yılın başlangıcı “1 Ocak” tarihi olarak değişmiştir. Bu değişikliğin sebebi ocak ayına ismini veren, iki yüze sahip Roma tanrısı Janus ’ u anmaktır. Tanrı Janus, Roma mitolojisinde başlangıçların ve sonların tanrısı olarak bilinir. Janus ’ un genç yüzü geleceği, yaşlı yüzü ise geçmişi temsil eder. Ocak ayı da tıpkı Janus gibi bir yönüyle geçen yıla yani geçmişe, diğer bir yönüyle ise yeni yıla yani geleceği işaret eder. Bu yüzden Romalılar, ocak ayını yılbaşı olarak kabul eder ve Janus ’ a adaklar sunarak, evlerini Defne yaprakları ile süsleyerek, tanrılarından iyi bir servet dileyerek yılbaşını kutlarlar. Başlangıçlar Tanrısı Janus Ceren Deniz Bayırlı Asmin Su Gül 11-C

Rights in Different Countries Rights affecting LGBT people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction encompassing everything from the legal recognition of ame sex mariage to the death penalty for homosexuality. But in time most of the countries are accepting LGBT. In July 2022, 32 countries recognized same-sex marriage. If we are not counting illegal, nongovernment activities and extrajudicial killings, only two countries are believed to impose the death penalty for consensual gay sexual acts and those areIran and Afghanistan. The death penalty is officially law, but this penalty is not usually applied. There is no legal protection for LGBT rights in Nigeria. Homosexuality and samesex relations are illegal throughout the country. Furthermore, twelve northern regions have adopted a form of Sharia Law which makes same-sex relations punishable by death, and criminalizes gender expression which does not correspond with gender norms associated with the sex assigned at birth. In 2014 the "Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act” was signed into law. The Act criminalizes same-sex marriage, displays of affection between people of the same sex, and imposes a 10-year prison sentence on anyone who “registers, operates, or participates in gay clubs, societies, and organizations. ” It also prescribes a penalty for people who know, or “abet” same-sex relationships, thus criminalizing the friends and families of LGBTIQ people. In the wake of this law, LGBTIQ Nigerians have been subjected to arbitrary arrests, targeting, and extortion by police and government officials. Harassment and violence at the hands of private individuals is also high.

patients in 2021.

LGBTQ in Mexico (America) LGBT rights in Brazil are among the most advanced in Latin America and the world. Gay couples in Brazil enjoy the same rights guaranteed to heterosexual ones since 16 May 2013, including marriage. On June 13, 2019, the Brazilian Supreme Court ruled that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is a crime akin to racism. Supreme Federal Court voted in favor of granting same-sex couples the same 112 legal rights as married couples. A 2009 survey conducted by University of São Paulo revealed 7.8% of Brazilian males identified as gay and 2.6% identified as bisexual, for a total of 10.4% of the male population. Lesbians comprised 4.9% of the population and bisexual women comprised 1.4%, for a total of 6.3% of the female population. Derin Özergül ve Elif Ertuğrul 11-C

NOEL RUHUNU HİSSETMENİZİ SAĞLAYACAK KİTAPLAR Bir Noel Şarkısı - Charles Dickens Hikâye cimri ve huysuz bir yaşlı adam olan Ebenezer Scrooge’ un bir gecede nasıl değiştiğini anlatır. Noel arifesinde bir hayalet Scrooge’un evinde gelir. Bu hayalet Scrooge’un 7 yıl önce ölen ortağı Jacob Marley’ dir. Büyük üzüntü ve acı içinde çok ağır zincirler taşımaktadır. Scrooge bütün bu olanların gerçekliğini sorgularken, Marley'in hayaleti ona hayatınıtümüyle değiştirecek olayları anlatır. Mukriz Scrooge Noel arifesi rüyasında üç tane ruh görür; geçmiş, şimdi ve geleceğin hayaletleridir bunlar. Bu hikâyede en önemli nokta Charles Dickens’ın yarattığı Scrooge karakterinin, Victoria Dönemi politikalarının vücut bulmuş hali olmasıdır. Çünkü Dickens burada hem karakteri hem de okurları açgözlülüğün sonuçları ile yüzleştirmiştir. Aynı zamanda bu karakter dönemin politikacılarına ve fakirlerin kendi başının çaresine bakması gerektiği anlayışına sahip bireylere mesaj vermiştir: “Küçük Tim ölecek ama sen de öleceksin. Hem de yalnız. Hayatında hiç sevgi, huzur, mutluluk ve keyif olmadan mı ölmek istiyorsun? Yoksa keçileri kaçırmış hayaletler sana fakirlerin de insan olduğunu hatırlatsın mı?” Charles Dickens’ın “İnsanların seçtikleri yollar, onları önceden belirlenmiş sonlara götürürler ama bu yollardan değil de başka yollardan gidilirse yolun sonu da değişir” fikrini Noel özelinde anlattığı kitabı Bir Noel Şarkısı hem çocuklar hem de yetişkinler için keyifli bir tercihtir. Noel Ruhu adı verilen şeyi hayatlara Dickens getirmiştir.

Noel’de Cinayet- Agatha Christie Uzun bir süredir muzdarip olduğu rahatsızlığı dolayısı ile malikanesinden ayrılamayan Simeon Lee bu seneki noel kutlamaları için oldukça büyük bir davet organize eder. Epey bir süre sonra ilk kez noeli, kendisi ile beraber yaşayan büyük oğlu Alfred ve eşi Lydia'nın yanı sıra,tüm oğuları ve gelinleri ile birlikte geçirecektir. Her ne kadar Simeon bütün çocukları ile az buz kavgalıklı olsada, herkes babalarının bu davetine icabet eder ve kutlamalara katılmak üzere 22 Aralık günü Goston Hall'e gelirler. Birbirlerine oldukça yakın fakat bir o kadarda uzak olan bu topluluk sıkıcı bir noel geçirmeye hazırlanırken, arife akşamı yaşananlar her şeyi alt üst eder. Kulakları sağır eden bir gürültü ve canhıraş bir çığlık, Lee Ailesi’nin Noel yemeğini berbat eder. Üst katta zalim Simeon Lee boğazı kesilerek öldürülmüştür. Köyde bir arkadaşının evinde Noeltatilini geçirmekte olan Hercule Poirot olaya el koyunca evde yas havası yerine kuşku rüzgarlarının estiğini fark eder. Herkesin yaşlı adamdan nefret etmesi için kendine göre bir nedeni vardır. Esra Naz Tığlı 11-C

Çift Yarık Deneyi, ışığın dalga mı parçacık mı olduğunu araştırmak için yapılmış bir deneydir. Bu deneyin amacı uzun zamandır tartışılan ışığın parçacık mı yoksa dalga şeklinde mi yayıldığını basit bir düzenek ile anlamaktır. Bu deney, evren hakkında tamamen yanıldığımızı bize gösteren bir kanıt olmuştur. Deneye geçmeden önce bir maddenin dalga şeklinde nasıl, parçacık şeklinde nasıl hareket ettiğini anlamak gerekir. Eğer madde dalga şeklinde yayılıyorsa yuvarlaklar çizerek, parçacık şeklinde yayılıyor ise tek bir nokta şeklinde yayılacaktır. İki dalga birbiriyle karşılaştığına girişim deseni oluşturur. Bu deneyinde dayandığı temel noktalardan biri de budur. Eğer ışık tanecik ise birbiriyle karşılaşan fotonlar (ışık) girişim deseni oluşturmadan yollarına devam edeceklerdir. Eğer ışık dalga halinde yayılmaktaysa birbiriyle karşı karşıya gelen fotonlar girişim deseni oluşturacaktır. Deney düzeneğine geçilecek olunursa: 1 elektron tabancası (ışık kaynağı da olabilir), 1 tek yarıklı plaka, 1 çift yarıklı plaka, 1 düz plaka ve 1 parçacık algılayıcı ölçüm aleti. Deneyin ilk bölümünde elektron tabancası, tek yarıklı plakanın önüne; düz plaka ise tek yarıklı plakanın arkasına konulur (tek yarıklı plaka elektron tabancası ve düz plakanın arasında kalır). Elektron tabancası aktifleştirilir ve duvara yansıyan desen incelenir. Deneyin ilk bölümünde her şey normaldir. Tek elektron tabancası, tek yarıklı plaka ve düz plakaya yansıyan tek çizgi deseni. Her şey akla ve mantığa uygun ÇİFT YARIK DENEYİ

Deneyin ikinci bölümünde ise tek yarıklı plaka yerine çift yarıklı plaka koyulur ve tanecik oldukları bilinen elektronları fırlatan elektron tabancası konulur. Elektron tabancası çalıştırılır ve düz plakaya yansıyan görüntü gözlemlenir. Herkes çift yarık desenini görmeyi beklerken (ki akla ve mantığa uygun olan da budur) plakada girişim deseni belirmeye başlar. Tanecik oldukları kesin olan elektronlar bir dalga gibi davranmıştı. Bu nasıl oldu? Bilim insanları durumdan şüphelenip elektronları ölçmeye karar verdiler ve tam elektronların içinden geçtiği çift yarıkların yanına bir elektron algılayıcı alet koydular. Bu alet sayesinde geçen elektronların hareketi gözlemlenebilecekti. Aynı deney yine tekrarlandı ve plakada bu sefer girişim değil, çift yarık deseni oluştu. Aynı elektronlar gözlemlendiklerini biliyormuşçasına bu sefer girişim deseni yapmamaya karar vermişlerdi. Sonradan anlaşılacaktı ki elektronlar süperpozisyon adında kuantum dünyasına ait bir özelliğe sahip akıl almaz parçacıklardı. Elektronlar tanecikti ve aynı anda iki yerde olmaları da mümkündü. Normalde çift bir yarığa bilye atılacak olunursa, bilye sadece bir yarıktan geçebilir. Ama elektronlar gözlemlenmedikleri müddetçe iki yarıktan aynı anda geçerek kendileriyle girişim deseni oluşturuyorlar. Yani bir şeyin aynı anda iki yerde olması mümkün, ta ki birileri gelip onu gözlemleyene kadar kadar. Kuantum fiziğine ait özellikler klasik fiziğin özellikleri ile karıştırılmamalıdır. Gündelik hayatta 6 tarafı kapalı olan ve içi gözükmeyen bir kutunun içine 1 kedi ve bir radyoaktif madde içeren bir alet koyulursa ve bu aletin yüzde elli bozulma ve radyoaktif maddeyi kutuya yayma ve kediyi öldürme, yüzde elli bozulmama ve kediyi yaşatma ihtimali olduğu söylenecek olursa, kutunun içini göremediğimiz için kedinin hem ölü hem de diri olduğunu söylemek yanlış olacaktır (Schrödinger'in Kedisi). Çünkü belirsizlik (veya süperpozisyon) klasik fiziğin değil, kuantum fiziğinin bir özelliğidir. Ali Turhan

French absurdist Albert Camus SHOULD I KILL MYSELF OR HAVE A CUP OF COFFEE? -Albert Camus, The Stranger Albert Camus was a journalist, novelist, author of short stories and, although he denied it, a philosopher. He also separated himself from a existentialist and absurdist but in the 20th century he posed one of the best known examples of existentialism which launches The myth of sisyphus: (which is an important text about the absurdity of modern life although It’s often described as being “Existentialist” , Camus’s essay is actually closer to Absurdism): “There is only one really serious philosophical question, and that is suicide.” Deciding whether or not life is worth living is to answer the fundamental question in philosophy. Sisyphus was being punished to eternally push a boulder uphill. However, as soon as he would reach the top of the hill, the boulder would roll off and Sisyphus had to push it back again and again, forever. Sisyphus is actually a metaphor representing us, humans. According to Camus, Sisyphus is us. In this meaningless life, we are always in a struggle. We are always trying to make sense of life. But is this world really worth living? Or perhaps I should say, "Is it meaningful enough to live?". Camus seeks an answer to this question every time. He often talks about suicide. But he does not see suicide as an escape. According to Camus, acceptance is the only solution. Death is a reality that we will meet in the end, no matter what we experience. If existence itself has no meaning, we must learn to bear an irresolvable emptiness. This paradoxical situation, then, between our impulse to ask ultimate questions and the impossibility of achieving any adequate answer, is what Camus calls the absurd. Camus’s philosophy of the absurd explores the consequences arising from this basic paradox. I would like to talk about this paradox more, but I can not convey all my thoughts. Humans give meaning to life. And in my opinion the best way to make this world worth living is to find beauty in every experience, even in pain. Esra Naz Tığlı 11-C

F R O S T E D S U G A R C O O K I E S YIELDS: 50 SERVING(S) TOTAL TIME:40 MINS CAL/SERVE:70 Ingredients 2 3/4 c. all-purpose flour 1/2 tsp. Baking powder 1/4 tsp. Kosher salt 1 c. (2 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temp 3/4 c. sugar 1 large egg 1 1/2 tsp. Pure vanilla extract Nutritional Information (per cookie): 70 calories, 4 g fat (2 g saturated fat), 1 g protein, 15 mg sodium, 8 g carb, 0 g fiber Directions Step 1 In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, and salt. Step 2 In another large bowl, using an electric mixer, beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy, about 3 minutes. Beat in egg and then vanilla. Step 3 Reduce mixer speed to low and gradually add flour mixture, mixing just until incorporated. Shape dough into 2 disks and roll each between 2 sheets of waxed paper to 1/8 inches thick. Chill until firm, 30 minutes in refrigerator or 15 minutes in freezer. Step 4 Heat oven to 350 °F. Line baking sheets with parchment paper. Using floured cookie cutters, cut out cookies. Place on prepared sheets. Re-roll, chill and cut scraps. Step 5 Bake, rotating positions of baking sheets halfway through, until cookies are light golden brown around the edges, 10 to 12 minutes. Let cool on sheets 5 min. before transferring to wire racks to cool completely. Derin Su Nalbantoğlu 12-C

GÜNLÜK HAYATTA PSİKOLOJİ: BU NİYE HEP BENİM BAŞIMA GELİYOR? Bu niye hep benim başıma geliyor diye düşündüğünüz hiç oldu mu? Eğer karamsar bir bakış açısına sahipseniz bu sorunun cevabı muhtemelen “evet” olacaktır. Çünkü karamsar bakış açısına sahip insanlar hayattaki olumsuzlukların hep kendi başlarına geldiklerini düşünürler. Bu düşünce onların genellikle olayları olduğundan farklı görmelerine ve objektif olamamalarına sebep olur. Peki bu düşünce tarzının kaynağı nedir? İnsanın zamanla edinidiği bir özellik mi yoksa doğuştan mı geliyor? Karamsarlık nedir? Karamsarlık kişinin hayatttan umudu ve iyimser bakış açısını kaybetmesini sağlayan tutum ve davranışlardır. Psikolojik terimlerle söylersek, birtakım depresif inançlardan kaynaklanan bir tür olumsuz düşünme tipidir ve bu düşünce tarzının son noktasında kişi gerçekleşen bütün olumsuz olaylardan dolayı kendini suçlayabilir. Karamsar karşılaştığı tek bir olayı alıp bir çırpıda onu “daima ve ya her zaman”a çevirebilir ve buradan yola çıkarak kendisiyle ilgili, hiçbir işe yaramadığı ve daha fazla çabalamanın anlamsız olduğu şeklinde bir düşünüşe ulaşabilir. Bu düşünüş tarzı da insanda umutsuzluk ve tükenmişlik hislerini açığa çıkarır.

Karamsarların aksine iyimserler, olaylara pozitif bir bakış açısıyla bakarlar ve her olayda onları iyi yönde etkileyecek şeyleri görmeye çalışırlar. İyi şeylerin sık gerçekleştiğini; bu yüzden, iyi bir şey olmuşsa benzer pek çok olayın onu takip edeceğini düşünürler. Yok eğer kötü bir şey olursa, o zaman kısa süreli bir talihsizlik olmuştur ve genelde bu talihsizlik bir şeyler öğrenmek için iyi bir vesiledir. Peki ya iyimserlerin bakış açısı nasıl? Öğrenilmiş iyimserlik Karamsar kişi, her zamanki düşünce biçiminde ufak bir değişiklik yaptığı taktirde daha iyimser hale gelebilir; tümüyle başka bir insan olarak yeniden doğup başka bir hayata başlamasına gerek yoktur. Martin Saligman’a göre karamsarlık öğrenilmişse iyimserlik de öğrenilebilir. Saligman kişinin olumsuz bir olay karşısındaki karamsar tepkisini fark edip o olayla ilgili birden fazla olumlu alternatif sebep üreterek bu düşünce tarzından kurtulabileceğini önerir. Olgular gerçekten onları gördüğünüz gibi mi? Yoksa işin içine önyargılar ve olumsuz düşünceler mi girmiş? Bu olayla ilgili kaç farklı alternatif açıklama getirebilirsiniz? Bir arkadaşınız yolda yürüken sizi görmeyip selam vermediyse bu illa sizinle ilgili bir şeyden kaynaklanmak zorunda mı? Sebep umutsuzca kız arkadaşıyla nasıl barışabileceğini düşünmesi, okul geç kaldığı için acele etmesi ya da sadece o gün kendini yorgun hisettiği için gözünün dalmış olması olabilir mi? Eski olumsuz düşünme alışkanlığının gitmesi, yerini pozitif düşüncelerin alması, kişinin hayatına biraz enerji renk ve umut getirebilir.

Peki düşünce tarzımız hayatımızda ne derece etkilidir? Bununla ilgili iyi bir örnek, sosyal psikoloji alanında kullanılan bir kavram olan “gerçekleşen kehanet”tir. Kendini gerçekleştiren kehanet olarak bilinen bu kavram, kişisel inançların davranışı değiştirme gücü olarak tanımlanır. Günlük yaşamda inandığımız ve gerçekleşmesini istediğimiz düşüncelerimizin, beklentilerimiz doğrultusunda davranışlarımıza yön vermesini ifade eder. Bu teoriyle düşüncelerin ve beklentilerin davranışlar üzerinde güçlü bir etkisi olduğu, olumlu beklentilerin olumlu sonuçlara, olumsuz beklentilerin de olumsuz sonuçlara yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. Kültürümüzdeki “aklıma gelen başıma geldi”, “bir şeyi kırk kere söylersen olurmuş”, “şeytan kulağına kurşun“ ya da “güzel düşün, güzel olsun” gibi halk arasında çok kullanılan cümleler kendini gerçekleştiren kehaneti destekleyen, Türk dilindeki yaşamdan kesitlere örneklerdir. Son olarak sizlerle farklı bakış açılarına sahip insanların söylediği iki sözü paylaşmak istiyorum. Hangi bakış açısını seçeceğiniz ise size kalmış “Yarın havanın nasıl olacağını kim bilmek ister ki? Vakti gelince keyfimiz bozulacaksa, önceden bilmenin ne yararı var? – Jerome K. Jerome “Fırtınalardan korkmuyorum çünkü gemimi yüzdürmeyi öğreniyorum.” – Lousia May Alcott Su Çereci 11-C

HOW LIGHT BENDS Never Changing Rules of the Universe Laws of nature do not tend to change – as we know. And those laws are being researched by scientists under the name of physics or science in general. We have discovered a lot of these laws so far, or have we? Are our discoveries just, for instance, only one percent of the whole? Or are we really close to finally being found out how the universe actually works? Gravity Gravity is one the four fundamental laws in the universe. Gravity was thought to be a force stating any matter with mass should pull another matter around it as much as its magnitude of mass. This was considered true until Albert Einstein proposed the Theory of Relativity. Theory of Relativity, in this context, states that matter does not pull other matters, matters fall into matters. This may sound a little confusing at first but it can be explained pretty easily in another way. Isaac Newton basically said that space-time consists of many distinct things that are not related to each other. Thus he stated that matter and the structure of space-time is also unrelated. This was falsified by Einstein who affirmed that matter and space-time are actually dependent to each other. Matter bends space-time and it bends it even more as its magnitude of mass gets bigger and bigger.

And everything including light falls into the curvature which was formed by matter. Some matters like a book or a human don 't really cause a distortion around it since these matters have too little mass being the reason that they have such small curvature around them. Bigger curvature means stronger pull, or fall should be said? Because with the Theory of Relativity, things no longer are pulled into mass, things now fall in the curvature. How Light Bends Around Matter Just like space, time and matters; light also curves around mass. This was proven by a photograph of two stars which resemble each other very much. Astronomers scanned through the photograph and they couldn ’t believe their eyes when they realized an exceptionally strange and bewildering fact: there weren ’t two stars, there was only one and this was grounded in the fact that light could be bent by mass. As they examined the image, they started to realize that there was only one star and between the star and earth stood a cluster of galaxies which caused the light beam to split into two (or even more). Since the light beam has been split into two, it must be observed as two stars from earth. Out of context – as matters make things around them fall into itselves, does this mean, as you being a matter (having a mass and a volume – having density), that you make your crush fall into yourself? This might sound like a very exciting and cool idea but the universe doesn ’t really take pity on anything meaning that you will also be attracting the nerd in your class too, so you better snap back to reality. Ali Turhan

J Vtubing ob Introduction What are Vtubers? The term ‘’VTuber’’ is derived from the words ‘Virtual’ and ‘YouTuber’, VTubers are online content creators who show themselves behind their models, VTuber models are generally live2D models, though there are 3D model users as well. The term ‘’VTuber’’ was first used by Kizuna Ai, one of the most well-known VTubers, she is also accepted as the first VTuber by many, though that is debatable considering the definition of the word VTuber. What content do VTubers make? The content made by VTubers was the same as other YouTubers when they first came out – scripted videos of any length (commonly up to 12 minutes) on whatever they wanted to talk about. However, the format of VTuber content creation has changed over the years and shifted towards live streaming. The most used format of content creation for VTubers is currently live streaming, though there are a few VTubers who still stick to the old format. Different types of VTubers VTubers separate into two different categories: corporate VTuber and indie VTuber. Corporate VTubers are VTubers who have signed a contract with a VTuber agency and work under the corporate rules. Corporate VTubers tend to be more popular due to their corporate funding and exposure. Indie VTubers are independent VTubers who stream independently without being under any contract, though they need to have their own budget to get the equipment they need to start off with, they also tend to be less popular.

The process of becoming a VTuber It is a lengthy process to become a VTuber – you need to know what kind of VTuber you want to be, what content you are going to make, decide on a look for your model and prepare a reference sheet for said model, commission an illustration for your model and have a rigger rig said model to make it into a live2D model. After the model is done you need to have proper hardware: a decent pc to run both your model & whatever else you are going to use on your stream and a microphone so that your voice can be heard properly. Tutorials There are quite a lot of tutorials out there that hold your hand and walk you through how to become a VTuber – if you are interested in learning in-depth how to become a VTuber, I heavily recommend you check out the YouTube channel ‘‘Raelice’’, he is a great guide that gives insider information for VTubing (check his playlists for his tutorial video compilations) and has live streams & a discord server if you want to ask him questions directly. Güneş Hasan Turak 11-C

Procrastination can be described as postponing your work in order to complete it later or not do it all together, usually with the belief that you can do it faster under pressure or overestimating your work speed. Procrastination is something that most students deal with and according to the American Psychological Association (APA), anywhere from “80 percent to 95 percent of college students procrastinate, particularly when it comes to doing their coursework.” PROCRASTINATION AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT Have you ever left your homework until the last day? Or is it something that you do all the time? Do you feel it is because you work better under pressure? There is a name for that, and yes, you ’re not alone. So in this article, we will tackle the reasons and solutions to procrastination so that you can finally get up and work on that math assignment.

Perfectionism Fear of failure Fear of criticism Avoidance Low self-esteem A tendency to self-defeat or self-sabotage Depression Trouble focusing ADHD Task aversion Resisting challenges Decision fatigue Difficulty defining goals A disconnect with the future self Lack of energy Why do we procrastinate? First of all, procrastination is something that a lot of people deal with in their lifetime and while it can sometimes be caused by something simple like feeling tired, it can also be a sign of a bad mental state. The reason you procrastinate may be linked to a mental disorder like depression or ADHD. Some common reasons that you may procrastinate include: With that out of the way, here are some ways you can cope with procrastination:

1.Break Your Tasks Into Smaller Steps Imagine you have a big project due next month. How would you approach this task? Would you try to do the entire project in one night? Like the planning, source gathering, putting it all together, etc? You may feel overwhelmed by the workload at first and this can cause you to procrastinate further. So next time, you may want to break down the steps to do your projects by writing down the smallests tasks of your project so that it feels like you ’re already accomplishing something when checking off the smaller tasks off of your list and this can motivate you to continue further and finish your projects faster without feeling the need of delaying it for another day. 2. Use the Pomodoro Technique If you ’re a student who uses social media to enhance your studying, you may have heard of the technique known as the Pomodoro Technique. It works like this; you study for 20 minutes and after your study session, you take 5 minutes off. This technique can be used for studying and doing homework as well. 3. Plan Your Days Planning your days effectively can also reduce the likelihood of procrastination. Plan out your schedule for a day including what work you want to accomplish on that day and spread out your work throughout the day or week. Putting everything to be done in one day can further increase stress and the chance of you procrastinating on the assignments. Spreading your work evenly across the week as well as including breaks and selfcare can make everything seem much easier to accomplish and you ’ll be left with that feeling of satisfaction afterwards.

4. Organize and Prioritize Planning your days also requires you to organize your workload. Which assignments are due tomorrow? Which are due the following week? Which assignments will have the most impact on my overall grade? You need to focus on organizing your workload and prioritizing the more significant assignments such as: homework that might be due tomorrow or the following day, studying for an upcoming exam, working on a large project due at the end of the semester, etc. Prioritizing assignments based on what you feel is more important to complete at the time will help to prevent procrastination and missing due dates. 5. Eliminate Distractions It is crucial to choose the right environment to complete whatever assignments you might have and most environments tend to have many distractions in them. Going to finish your assignments at a library seems to be the best option but unfortunately, not many people have the opportunity to go to the library everyday. Given this, it is up to you to make your working environment less distracting. You can start by lessening any noise coming from outside of your room or whichever place you choose to study. This can be done by shutting a door or turning on some music that’ll help you stay focused. Another major distraction is any electronic devices you have on you. If they aren ’t necessary to complete your work, turn them off or put them out of your reach until you ’ ve finished your assignments. 6. Having an Accountability Buddy Sometimes a reason why people may procrastinate is because they may feel behind their peers. A way to combat this is finding an accountability buddy. It means basically having someone working with you at the same time. This can be really motivating if you ’re someone who gets distracted too easily.

This person can be a friend who you meet up at the library at the same time or just someone you found online through social media too. This person can also help you from making excuses to procrastinate and would constantly be your backbone and motivation to keep going. In the end, working on your assignments earlier is always a good idea as it can help you manage your time and be more productive while giving you more time to revise your assignments. So don ’t forget to use these techniques whenever you feel overwhelmed by your homework or use your own methods too as it is not up to anyone how you handle procrastination. We hope these tips will help you. Leyla Nur Çirig, Ayla Osmanoviç 11-C

STRANGE STARS THİS MONTH WE WİLL BE GOİNG OVER A VERY “STRANGE” AND QUİTE RARE TYPE OF STAR. CAN YOU GUESS THE NAME? YES, A STRANGE STAR. A neutron star's core could be holding one of the most dangerous things in the universe. Let us first recall what neutron stars are. Neutron stars are formed when a red giant (a big normal star) runs out of fuel and starts to get squeezed by its own mass. If the star can squeeze its atoms with enough energy, the electrons and protons of the atoms fuse and form neutrons, thus the name "neutron stars." Now the only force keeping the star from transforming into a black hole is the repulsing force between the neutrons. If the mass of the star was a little bit more than it is now, the force of gravity would be able to ignore the repulsion between the neutrons and become a black hole. Now that we know what neutron stars are, let's talk about how they become “stranger." To understand this exquisite naming, we need to learn a little bit about the building blocks of subatomic particles named quarks. A few years ago, scientists were able to smash two particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons together and destroy them, revealing even smaller particles that make them, named quarks. These particles have six different types: up, down, top, bottom, charm, and finally strange quarks. Even if scientists are able to find these six different types of quarks, only the up and down quarks can continue to exist under standard conditions. In standard conditions, the other four will decay into up and down quarks.

So let's remember the unusual conditions in a neutron star's core again, shall we? The pressure in the core of the star is so high that newly formed neutrons may lose their shells and allow their quarks to roam shoulder to shoulder with other quarks, essentially allowing the entire core of the star to become one big particle. This form of matter is called quark matter, and the stars that have quark matter in them are called quark stars. But if we increase the pressure just enough, the free up and down quarks may change into strange quarks, and if this continues to happen throughout the core, this type of matter is called strange matter. The strange matter could be the ideal form of matter, as it is heavier and more stable than any other matter in the universe and it is nearly indestructible. It is so stable that it can exist outside of neutron stars without decaying. The incredibly stable nature of the strange matter is where the dangerous part at the start comes in. Because this matter basically has the same properties as the core of a neutron star and has the advantage of not needing a lot of mass to retain that pressure and gravity, it can in fact infect other matter in our universe. That's right, it is contagious. Strange matter, when it comes in contact with normal matter, will dissolve the protons, neutrons, and electrons of the said matter, and just like the neutron star, it will turn the quarks gained from those particles into strange quarks, thus adding to itself and growing.

Good thing we don’t need to be scared of the strange matter because they can't leave the neutron star they are created in right? Wrong, this is mostly true except when neutron stars collide with black holes or other neutron stars. When colliding neutron stars spew their insides around the universe, and this could cause the strange matter to be ejected from the star and let it infect others. The little drops of strange matter that are ejected from a collision are called strangelets, and if even one of them touches our sun because strange stars don't radiate heat as much as our sun, we would die of cold, and if the strangelet comes into contact with the earth, you know what would happen. The worst part is that we can't detect these dangerous objects because they can be very small and they would still be lethal. But the good thing is that if there were a lot of strangelets around our universe, they would have probably hit one of our neighbors throughout the billions of years since the formation of our solar system. It seems like we have a little bit of time before we get infected with this strange matter but who knows, maybe tomorrow maybe sooner than tomorrow we could be facing a scary and painful end of humanity because of strangeness. Tan Hep Güçmen 12-C

SORU SORAN ADAM SOKRATES Atina’da bundan yaklaşık 2400 yıl kadar önce bir adam, çok fazla soru sorduğu ve merakını asla kaybetmediği için ölüme mahkum edildi. Felsefe o adamla birlikte şahlandı. Felsefeyi kendisinden önce ve sonra olarak 2 bölüme ayırdı o adam. Sokrates, kalıplara uymayan bir adamdı. Söylenenlere göre görünüşü çirkindi fakat parlak bir zihne sahipti. Atinadaki herkes onun benzeri olmadığını , muhtemelen böyle birinin bir daha dünyaya gelmeyeceği konusunda hemfikirdi. Atina’da her ne kadar seveni olsa da tehlikeli bir etkisi olduğunu düşünenlerde vardı. Orta yaşlarında pazar yerinde dolaşır zaman zaman insanları durdurup onlara sorular sorardı yaptığı şey buydu aşağı yukarı. Ne var ki sorduğu sorular jilet gibi keskindi, basit görünüyorlardı ama öyle değillerdi. Bunun bir örneği Euthydemos’la olan diyaloğuydu. Sokrates ona, aldatıcı olanın ahlaksızlık sayılıp sayılmayacağını sorar . Euthydemos “Elbette sayılır” diye yanıtlar ve sorunun çok basit cevabın ise apaçık ortada olduğunu düşünür. Sokrates bu sefer soruyu ona şu şekilde yöneltir. “Ya bir arkadaşın kendini çok kötü hissediyorsa ve kendini öldürebilecekse, sen de onun bıçağını çalarsan? Bu da aldatıcı bir edim olmaz mı? Şüphesiz ki olur fakat böyle yapmak ahlaksızca değil de ahlaki değil midir? her ne kadar aldatıcı bir edim olsa da kötü değil iyi bir şeydir. Sokrates’in yanıtı karşısında eli kolu bağlanan Euthydemos evet der. Sokrates Euthydemos’un aldatıcı olanın ahlaksızca olduğu yönündeki düşüncesinin her durumda geçerli olmadığını göstermiştir. Sokrates hayatı boyunca hep bunu yapmıştı. Pazarda karşılaştığı insanların bildiklerini düşündükleri şeyi aslında bilmediklerini defalarca kanıtlamaya çalışmış ve kanıtlamıştır. O zamanlar Atina'daki zengin ailelerin oğulları eğitim almak üzere Sofistlere gönderilirdi. Bunun için Sofistlere yüksek ücretler ödenirdi. Onların aksine Sokrates hizmetleri için ücret almazdı aslında hiçbir şey bilmediğini iddia ederdi; Dolayısıyla ne öğretebilirdi ki? bu öğrencileri ona gitmekten ve dinlemekten alıkoyadıysa da onun Sofistler gibi de popüler kılmadı. Sokrates için bilgelik çok şey bilmek ya da bir şeyi nasıl yapacağını bilmek değildi. Bilgelikle neyi yapabileceğimizin sınırlarını da içererek, varoluşumuzun gerçek doğasını anlamayı hedeflerdi Sokrates. Sokrates yaşamın ancak ne yaptığınızı düşünürseniz yaşanmaya değer olduğunu söylemişti. “Sorgulanmamış bir hayat yaşanmaya değmez. ”

Sokrates’in ölümü de hayata olan bakış açısı kadar ilginçti. Başta da bahsettiğim üzere Sokrates'in seveni kadar sevmeyeni de vardı hatta pek çok Atinalı Sokrates'in tehlikeli olduğunu, kasıtlı olarak hükümete zarar verdiğini düşüncesindeydi. Sokrates 70 yaşındayken bu Atinalılardan biri olan Meletos onu mahkemeye verd.i Sokrates'in Atina tanrılarını ihmal ettiğini onların yerine yeni Tanrılar koyduğunu iddia ediyordu.Atina’nın gençlerini yoldan çıkardığı, onları otoriteye karşı gelmeleri için teşvik ettiğini de söylüyordu. Her ikisi de çok ciddi suçlamalardı. Sokrates kendini at sineği olarak görüyordu onun merakı bazılarını rahatsız etmişti. Pek çok insanın onun cezalandırılması gerektiğini düşünüyordu. Sokrates istese af dileyebilirdi veya cezasının indirilmesini isteyebilirdi fakat bunları yapmadı. Çünkü düşünceleri uğruna ölmeyi göze almasaydı, onların doğruluğundan nasıl emin olabilirdi? Bedeni yavaş yavaş felç eden bir bitki olan baldırından yapılan zehri içmeye zorlanarak idam edildi. O Sessiz sedasız yaşamaya devam etmek gibi bir seçeneği olsa bile bunu kabul etmektense ölmeyi yeğlemişti. Her şeyi sorgulamayı sürdürmesini söyleyen bir iç sese sahipti ve ona ihanet edemezdi. Sokrates hala Platon'un diyaloglarında yaşamaya devam eder. Sürekli soru sormayı bırakmaktansa ölmeyi tercih eden bu inatçı adam o zamandan beri filozoflar için ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Esra Naz Tığlı 11-C

Study Tips Schedule Writing down a list of the tasks or assignments you have to do can help you a lot in the process of taking action. By writing down your study goals and sticking to the list you can also get a fixed habit of studying since it will help you improve your concentration and mental stamina over time. If your time management or planning skills are a bit weak, then I would suggest you use apps and sites for management such as Notion and Google Calendar. Or you can just use the notes app on your phone to make a list. Use Note-taking Tricks Create your own bullet system using different numbers or symbols to mark up your notes. Shorten your notes by using abbreviations and symbols. Draw pictures, thought bubbles, or anything that pulls your attention to important topics. Draw arrows from the cause to the effect. Use different colored highlighters. Your notes will be easier for you to study if they are thorough, readable, and well-organized. It is also important to keep yourself healthy by making sure you are getting enough sleep and eating nutritious food. Sleeping at least 8 to 10 hours a night is essential for a person in order to keep the mind and body healthy and active. Eating vitamins and avoiding junk food will also do your body and mind good. So go, stay healthy and study effectively! Use Study Methods The SQ3R Method The SQ3R method is a 5 step reading comprehension process. Survey: Instead of reading the entire book, only read the headings, subheadings or other standout features like images and charts. Question: Formulate questions around the chapters content such as its subject. Read: Read the chapter and find the answers for the questions you have formulated. Recite: After reading a chapter, try to memorize it and summarize it in your words Review: Once you have finished reading, review your notes and quiz yourself. Studying can be hard, boring and mentally draining sometimes. Keeping up the motivation, creating the best environment and concentrating on the task itself can be seen as difficult for many students across the globe. With these 3 studying tips I have gathered, studying will be more effective than ever. The following tips will help you achieve success in not only your school but in your chosen career and in life! Retrieval Practice Retrieval practice is about the concept of remembering at a later time. If you practice retrieval, you are more likely to remember the information later on. Use practice tests: Quiz yourself about that specific topic with practice tests. You can use your own textbooks or you can find many tests online. Make questions: Create questions and answer them. If you have a study group, exchange questions with the members and test each other. Use flashcards: Write little flashcards with the answers on the back. Or you can use Quizlet and use the flashcards there. Doğa Koçoğlu 12C

Bıology chemıstry physıcs Youtube channels Are you struggling to truly understand your IB subjects? Is it difficult to revise from your books? We, as 12th grade IB students, gathered some of the best channels which helped us through the first year of IB. If you are looking for effective and fun youtube channels for your IB subjects, here are some of the most useful ones! Cheryl Hickman has videos where she covers all of the IB Biology HL and SL topics. She summarizes the topic and uses hand-drawn visuals to explain it. She is one of our favorites and even teachers use her videos to present to their students. Crash Course is one of the most popular channels of all time. We all know it. This channel is not IB based but it gives many details and is amazing for visualizing the material itself. Alex Lee has the entire IB Biology HL and SL syllabus and he includes Options A, D and E. He uses visuals and presentations he made himself. Chris Doner is one of the best Physics mentors someone can ever find. He is an IB examiner, teacher, tutor and mentor for IA's and EE's. His videos contain numerous questions that emulate the style of IB Physics questions from Past Exam papers. Mitch Campbell works with Oxford and makes Study Courses of IB Physics HL and SL and Maths AI and AA. He has revision guides and covers many past papers in his videos. Richard Thornley is one of the best in IB Chemistry. He has numerous videos in which he covers past papers. And he also does real experiments which is really helpful if you are looking for IA's or so. MSJChem has shorter but more effective videos with detailed slides. He gives out loads of information in a very short time. He has worksheets with complete solutions as well.

MATHS AI/AA economıcs Mathsl1 is a channel specifically for AA SL students. It provides video reviews of the entire syllabus as well as tutorials on high school level mathematics that lie outside of the SL course. IBvodcasting covers both Maths AA and AI HL and SL topics. This channel mostly focuses on question solving in order to teach the topic. Jason Welker focuses on micro, macro and international economics. He has the best explanations and he also has many IB Econ question solving videos. EconplusDal is an IB teacher and tutor who has Paper 1, 2, 3 revisions and tips. Ross McGlothlin covers most of the topics of IB HL and SL Economics. He is very useful for Paper 1, Paper 2 analysis and strategies. He also explains commentary article examples. BUSINESS IBmaster has very useful presentations with graphics and bullet points. He covers most of the topics of both HL and SL students. Edward Creighton has an amazing energy and he covers IA’s with most of IB Econ. topics. eNGLISH A/B ESLeschool is very efficient for English B. The channel has many videos about the curriculum and process of English B lessons including EE’s, SL and HL IA’s. Plus, it has listening comprehension videos. IB English Guys is the best channel out there which covers both Englich B and A topics. There are videos about Paper 1, Paper 2, Individual Oral and Extended Essay.

Other than subject specific channels, the following three are amazing if you want to widen your perspective and develop yourself in ways such as comprehending and listening. These channels also helped me with my understanding of TOK. TEDx Talks is a great channel which has a variety of ideas and views. It focuses on daily problems, global issues and personal thoughts. Harvard Law School has both lectures and speeches about various topics. These lectures and speeches can develop your English capability. My personal favorites are the Ames Moot Court Competitions. These 2 to 3 hours long court sessions have helped me through my understanding of many global issues. MIT OpenCourseWare is one of my favorite youtube channels. It provides free educational material from real MIT courses and it covers the entire MIT curriculum. It is an amazing channel which helped me with my TOK writings and journal entries. My favorite courses are Psychology instructed by John Gabrieli and Brain and Cognitive Sciences instructed by Nancy Kanwisher. DoGa KoçoGlu 12C OSC Oxford Study Courses is an amazing channel for IB Maths and Physics. The channel covers Maths AI, AA SL and Physics SL, HL including two of the options Astrophysics and Relativity. The channel consists of revision courses which are very helpful for exams.

The Biggest Cheating Drama In Chess World chess champion Magnus Carlsen made a statement on Monday explicitly stating that he believes his opponent, Hans Niemann, cheated during tournament play. He did not provide any concrete proof to support his claims. This is Carlsen’s first formal statement on the ongoing chess scandal, and the first to include an explicit accusation. The furor over the scandal has dominated the online conversation for weeks. “I believe that Niemann has cheated more and more recently than he has publicly admitted, ” the statement reads. Carlsen goes on to explain his reasoning: “His over the board progress has been unusual, and throughout our game in the Sinquefield Cup I had the impression that he wasn’t tense or even fully concentrating on the game in critical positions, while outplaying me as black in a way I think only a handful of players can do. This game contributed to changing my perspective.” This chess drama began 2 months before, and has only continued to snowball in recent days. It began when Niemann, a much lower-ranked competitor, beat Carlsen in a match during the 2022 Sinquefield Cup in St. Louis. Then, on Sept. 19, Carlsen forfeited a game after just one move in a match against Niemann, this time during round 6 of the Julius Baer Generation Cup. Social media platforms subsequently lit up with conversation, as chess fans and even those outside the game’s normal audience debated the significance of these events. Carlsen does not offer proof of Niemann’s cheating, nor state whether he has any. Niemann was not previously caught cheating in an over the board match. Nevertheless, on Sept. 8 Chess.com banned Niemann from the platform, and shared its reasoning on Twitter. Carlsen closes the statement by noting that he is “limited in what I can say without explicit permission from Niemann to speak openly.” After all Niemann wants a federal court in Missouri's eastern district to award him at least $100 million in damages. Defendants in the lawsuit include Carlsen, his company Play Magnus Group, the online platform Chess.com and its leader, Danny Rensch, along with grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura. Lawsuit is still pending. Bekhzod Kadirbekov 12-C

Which zodiac sign is known for which feature? ♈ Aries (Ram): March 21–April 19: Aries people are generally known as explorers, bossy, aggressive,the chaser,taking up for others,spontaneous and courageous. But they can also be impatient, but are naturally active and don'tlike to waste time. They are also passionate, motivated, and confidentleaders who build community with their cheerful disposition and relentless determination. Aries is known to fall in love the quickest. And they do not get along with a Pisces or a Cancer. ♉ Taurus (Bull): April 20–May 20: Taurus people are generally known as stubborn, affectionate, loyal, sticking firm by their decisions, reliable and sensual. They do notlike quick change and willfight very hard againstit and they do notfall in love easily because they are guarded. Taurus people do not get along with Aquarius and Leo. ♊ Gemini (Twins): May 21–June 21: Gemini people are generally known as very talkative and curious, hate to be bored, being social and outgoing, conflicting personality, desire to learn new things.Geminis are highly sociable people who spend a lot oftime with their friends and relatives.They can fall in love quickly only when they meet someone who can match their intelligence. Geminifears silence and stagnation. And they don’t get along with sagittarius.

♌ Leo (Lion): July 23–August 22: Leo people are generally known as loving attention and compliments, loyal, dramatic tendencies, big egos, very confident, ambitious, generous, luxury-loving, sunny, and big-hearted. Leos are so angry because their confidence is so strong.They are very decisive, so itis hard to change their mind. They often fall in love too quickly, which makes it quite common for a Leo to fall in love with the wrong person. They don’t get along with Taurus. ♍ Virgo (Virgin): August 23–September 22: Virgo people are generally known as being defensive, perfectionist, shy, humble, mysterious,loyal, down to earth, observant, intelligent. They are very good at hiding their emotions. Virgos are methodical and quick thinkers,they are frequently stressed and tense. Virgos are often slow to fall in love because virgos are one ofthe smartest signs. They don'tfall for anyone's trap easily. Virgos do not get along with Sagittarius, Aries, and Gemini. ♋ Cancer (Crab): June 22–July 22: Cancer people are generally known as highly sensitive, loyal, homebodies,temperamental, overprotective, caring,trouble letting go ofthe past, greatintuition and luxury-lovers.Cancers, in additionalto being devoted, are extremely fond oftheir loved ones. They are very jealous people and they get angry very easily. It's importantfor them to be open abouttheir feelings rather than internalizing them and making assumptions. Cancers don'ttend to get bored very easily. They can fall in love very quickly and it’s really bad for them. Because ofthat cancer is one ofthe saddest zodiac signs. Cancer people do not get along with Leo and Scorpio.

♐ Sagittarius (Archer): November 22–December 21: Effortlessly magnetic,they easily attractfriends and lovers with their innate humor. Sagittarius are definitely the comedians ofthe zodiac, who infuse all oftheir conversations with their signature "no bullshit" attitude. Sagittarians must remember to keep their sharp tongues in check. Sagittarius has no filter which is what makes this fire sign so incredibly funny butis also why they can end up scorching even their closestfriends and family on a bad day. Sagittarius should make sure they don't over-promise, which will inevitably lead to under-delivering. Instead, Sagittarius should make sure they're being extremely transparent abouttheir existing responsibilities so that others can manage their expectations accordingly. ♏ Scorpius (Scorpion): October 24–November 21: Scorpio is one ofthe most misunderstood signs ofthe zodiac. Because ofits incredible passion and power, Scorpio is often mistaken for a fire sign. Scorpio is a water sign that derives its strength from the psychic, emotional realm. Like fellow water signs, Cancer and Pisces, Scorpio is extremely clairvoyant and intuitive. Scorpio is ruled by Pluto,the planetthat governs both destruction and transformation. On a good day, Scorpion energy is ambitious and enticing. On a bad day, however,the shadowy side of Scorpio is fueled by a relentless desire for control. İf you are a scorpio you must learn to forgive little breaches,this will assist you in maintaining connections. ♎ Libra (Balance): September 23–October 23: Intelligent, kind, and always willing to put others before themselves, Libra adores a life thatlooks good. As the master of compromise and diplomacy, Libra is adept at seeing all points of view, and excels at crafting compromises and effecting mediation between others. Libras believe that they're directing their own lives, and they take a big-picture approach to making thatlife look and feelthe bestit can be. When Libra falls in love, he or she falls hard, butthis sign also recognizes thatthere's room for more than one grand love in his or her life Although Libra appears self-confidentto outsiders, he or she might struggle with insecurity, especially as it relates to personal identity.

♓ Pisces (Fish): February 19–March 20: Endlessly empathetic and understanding, the Pisces personality is sensitive. Water signs'firstlanguage is that of emotion and empathy. Often, Pisces relate to others and themselves first and foremostthrough the realm offeelings or energy. Their mutability makes them adaptable and a tad vulnerable to suggestions. Pisces tend to be a little gullible and can be prone to people-pleasing. Generosity is amazing, but make sure you're taking care of yourself,too. Pisces also make natural healers and teachers and willthrive in anything involving astrology, art or music therapy, counseling, dancing, and education. And of course, anything involving sea or boattravel is a win for this water sign. Evin Can - Öykü Gülen 11-C ♒ Aquarius (Water Bearer): January 20–February 18: Aquarius is a sign different from the rest ofthe zodiac and people born with their Sun in itfeel special. This makes them eccentric and energetic in their fightfor freedom, or attimes shy and quiet, afraid to express their true personality. In both cases they are deep thinkers and highly intellectual people who love to fightfor idealistic causes. They will rely on their mind and spoken words most ofthe time, and without mental stimulation mightlose interest even in the things that made their heartjump atfirst. Their sharp intellect and progressive views combine to create a personality thatis magnetic, optimistic and welcoming to all. ♑ Capricornus (Goat): December 22–January 19: Capricorns are the ultimate worker bees;they’re ambitious, organized, practical, goal-oriented, and they don’t mind the hustle.Once a Cap is plugged into a new project, don’t expectto hear from them for a few days. The nexttime you see them,they’ll have a finished productto show you. Capricorns are determined to make things happen during their lifetime.While Capricorns excel in nearly every area oftheir life, don’t expectthem to bask in their glory and flaunttheir successes. This studious sign lets their achievements speak for themselves.

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