Resolución de aprobación: 0332 de marzo 8 de 2001 Códigos: ICFES 097050 DANE 170215000055 NIT: 800078203-6 Dirección: calle 27 N 20-52 Barrio San Francisco Corozal-Sucre

MODULO DE INGLES COMPILADOR: RAFAEL V. BUEVAS DORADO

LEVEL 10º - 11º

GRADE: SUBJECT: ENGLISH TIME: 18 PERIODS OF CLASS

EXPERIENCES. This unit presents the required estrategies, activities, vocabulary and grammar examples to talk about present, past and future events. Moreover you will find out the necessary elements to express obligation, advice, suggestion, permission and so on. In this unit, you will be able to: • Express present, past and future ability. • Talk abourt advice, suggestion, permission and obligation situations through the use of the modal auxiliary verbs. • Adquirie the sufficient vocabulary and cognitive structures to communicate yourselves in a basic way taking in to account the studied subjects. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. REMEMBER. Use the present simple to talk about “all the time” and routines.

Now. You will analize these models to understand this subject. Para conjugar los verbos en tercera persona singular; es decir cuando el sujeto es He, She o It. 1. Cuando el verbo termina en consonante, le agregamos una S. Ejemplo: He

It

She

He

She

Works

runs

Eats

speaks

Draws

2. Cuando el verbo termina en una Y antepuesta por una consonante, es necesario cambiar la Y por IES

Ejemplo: She

It

He

She

She

Cry=cries

Fly= flies

Dry: dries

Try: tries

draws

3. Cuando el verbo termina en O, SH, CH, SS, y X. es necesario que le agreguemos: ES. He

She

Goes

washes

Excepción: TO HAVE: she-has;

she

He

She

catches

catches

misses

he-has.

Es importante aprender que para formar oraciones interrogativas y negativas, es necesario la ayuda de un auxiliar. En el caso del presente simple, este auxiliar es el verbo TO DO (DOES en 3ª persona singular). ESTRUCTURAS. (Sujeto + aux + neg + verbo +

(aux + sujeto + verbo +

(Sujeto + verbo + complemento)

complemento)

complemento)

afirmativa

negativa

interrogativa

I do not speak English well I speak English well or don´t speak English well The children do not play in the park or The children don´t play in the The children play in the park. park. You do not go to school everday or You don´t go to school You go to school everday everday We do not live in a big house We live in a big house or We don´t live in a big house. Michael does not work at a bank or Michael doesn´t work at Michael works at a bank a bank. My sister does not have 2 children or My sister doesn´t have 2 My sister has 2 children children It does not finsh at 12:30 or The service finishes at 12:30 It doesn´t finish at 12:30 or

Do I speak English well?

Do the children play in the park?

Do you go to school everday? Do we live in a big house Does Michael work at a bank

Does my sister have 2 children? Does it finish at 12:30

READING

Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo live in an old Italian neighborhood in New York City. They speak a little English, but usually they speak Italian. They read the Italian newspaper. They listen to Italian radio programs. They shop at the Italian grocery store around the corner from their apartment building and every day they visit their friends and neighbors and talk about life back in “the old country”.

Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo are upset about their son Joe. He lives in a small suburb outside the city. He speaks Italian, but usually He speaks English. He reads American newspapers. He listens to American radio programs. He shops at big suburban supermarkets and shopping malls. And when He visits his friends and neighbors, he always speaks English.

In fact, Joe speaks Italian only when He calls his parents on the telephone, or when He visits them every weekend. Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo are sad because their son speaks so little Italian. They are afraid He is forgetting his language, his culture and his country.

READING CHECK – UP WHAT´S THE ANSWER? 1. Where do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo live? 2. Where does Joe live? 3. What language do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo usually speak? 4. What language does Joe usually speak? 5. What do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo read? 6. What does Joe read? 7. What do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo listen to? 8. What does Joe listen to? 9. Where do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo shop? 10. Where does Joe shop? WHICH WORD IS CORRECT? 1. Mrs. DiCarlo ( read reads ) the Italian newspaper. 2. Mr. DiCarlo ( shop shops ) at the Italian grocery store. 3. They ( live lives ) in New York City. 4. Joe ( live lives ) outside the city. 5. He ( speak speaks ) English. 6. Mr. and Mrs. DiCarlo ( listen listens ) to the radio 7. They ( visit visits ) their friends every day. 8. Their friends ( talk talks ) about life back in “the old country” 9. Joe ( call calls ) his parents on the telephone. 10. Joe´s friends ( speak speaks) English.

HOW TO SAY IT !. Hesitating. A. What do you do every day? B. Hmm. Well… I work, I read the newspaper, and I visit my friends. Practice conversations with other students. Hesitate while you´re thinking of your answer.

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE REMEMBER YOU USE PAST TENSE TO DESCRIBE PAST ACTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

Now, analize these structures to understand better this subject. VERBOS REGULARES. Para recordar….los siguientes son verbos regulares que encontramos continuamente, en nuestra práctica. Ellos forman su pasado y participio agregando ed en todas las personas. Escriba al frente de cada uno su significado y amplie la lista con otros conocidos por usted. VERBO

Accept Amuse Announce Answer Arrive Ask Believe Belong Call Cancel Carry Change Check Clean Climb Confuse Consider Cook Cry Desig Die Discover Dress Enjoy Explain Explore Finish Fix

PASADO

ESPAÑOL

VERBO

follow Help interest interview invite jump Kill Kiss Like listen to Live Look marry need paint pass pick up prefer prepare prevent provide Pull punish push receive remain remember Rent

PASADO

ESPAÑOL

VERBO

require return seem show sign skate ski smoke start stay stop study suggest talk telephone travel trun off try turn on use wait walk want warn wash watch work worry

PASADO

ESPAÑOL

VERBOS REGULARES 1. Cuando el verbo termina en consonante, le agregamos ED. Ejemplo: l worked She learned We pushed

They dreamed.

2. Cuando el verbo termina en e le agregamos D. Ejemplo: I moved They used. 3. Cuando el verbo termina en Y antepuesta por una consonante, es necesario cambiar la Y por IED. Ejemplo: Cry: she cried dry: we dried try: they tried Cuando queramos formar oraciones negativas en el pasado simple, es necesario usar el auxiliar DID. En este tipo de oraciones no es necesario Conjugar los verbos. Las estructuras para el pasado simple son las siguientes: ESTRUCTURAS (Sujeto + verbo + complemento) Afirmativa

(Sujeto + aux + neg + verbo + complemento) Negativa

I did not learn English well I learned english well I didn`t learn English well The children played in the The children did not play in the park park The children didn`t play in the park You did not go to school everyday You went to school everyday didn`t go to school everyday We did not live in a big house We lived in a big house We didn`t have in a big house Michael did not work at a bank Michael worked at a bank Michael didn`t work at a bank My sister did not have 2 children My sister had 2 children My sister didn´t have 2 children. It did not finish at 12:30 It finished at 12:30 It didn´t finish at 12:30

(aux + sujeto + verbo + complemento) Interrogativa Did I learn English well? Did the children play in the park? Did you go to school everyday? Did we live in a big house Did Michael work at a bank? Did my sister have 2 children? Did It finish at 12:30?

¿QUE HACER CON LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES? MEMORIZARLOS ¡ ¡NO HAY DE OTRA!

VERBOS IRREGULARES. La siguiente lista contiene los verbos irregulares más comunes, con sus correspondientes formas de pasado y participio pasado.

Lista de los verbos irregulares en inglés Presente

Arise Awake be/am,are,is Bear Beat Become Bend Bet Bind Bid Bite Bleed Blow Break Breed Bring Build Burn Burst Buy Cast Catch Come Cost Cut choose Cling creep Deal Dig do/does draw dream drink drive Eat Feed Feel Fight Flee Fly forbid forget forgive freeze Get Give Go grind Have

Pasado

arose awoke was/were bore beat became bent bet bound bid bit bled blew broke bred brought built burnt burst bought cast cought came cost cut chose clung crept dealt dug did drew dreamt drank drove ate fed felt fought fled flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went ground had

Participio pasado

Arisen Awoken Been Born Beaten Become Bent Bet Bound Bid Bitten Bled Blown Broken Bred brought Built burnt burst bought Cast cought Come Cost Cut chosen clung crept dealt Dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten Fed Felt fought Fled flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen gotten given gonne ground Had

Español

levantarse, surgir, presentarse Despertarse ser, estar Nacer golpear, vencer, ganarle a llegar a ser…, convertirse en… curvar, doblar Apostar atar, amarrar, vendar ofertar, pujar por algo Morder Sangrar Soplar romper, partir, quebrar criar (animales) Traer construir, edificar quemar, arder, incendiar reventar, estallar, abrir de golpe comprar lanzar, arrojar, tirar, echar coger, agarrar, atrapar Venir Costar Cortar elegir, escoger agarrarse, aferrarse, adherirse arrastrar, reptar, deslizar tratar, acordar Cavar hacer, preparar dibujar, pintar, trazar Soñar Beber conducir Comer alimentar Sentir pelear, luchar huir de… Volar prohibir Olvidar perdonar, disculpar helar, congelar conseguir, obtener, lograr Dar Ir moler, machacar tener, haber, poseer

Hear Hide Hit hold hurt keep know kneel knit lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make mean meet mistake overcome pay put read ring rise run say see seek sell set sew shake shear shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slide smell sow speak spell

heard hid hit held hurt kept knew knelt knit led leant leapt learnt left lent let lay lit lost made meant met mistook overcame paid put read rang rose ran said saw sought sold set sewed shooke shore shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slid smelt sowed spoke spelt

heard hidden hit held hurt kept known knelt knit led leant leapt learnt left lent let lain lit lost made meant met mistaken overcome Paid Put Read Rang Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Set Sewn shaken shorn shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slid smel sowed spoken spelt

escuchar, oir esconder, esconderse golpear, vencer, ganarle a sujetar, agarrar, detener, soportar h erir, lesionar, dañar guardar, mantener saber, conocer Arrodillarse tejer, tricotar dirigir, guiar, llevar la delantera Apoyarse saltar, brincar Aprender dejar (abandonar) Prestar dejar, permitir echarse, tenderse (acostarse) encender, alumbrar, iluminar perder, extraviar hacer, fabricar Significar conocerse, encontrarse equivocar, errar Vencer Pagar poner, colocar Leer sonar, tocar, llamar por teléfono elevarse, levantarse Correr Decir Ver Buscar Vender poner, colocar coser (una prenda de vestir) agitar, sacudir Esquilar Brillar disparar mostrar, enseñar encoger cerrar cantar hundirse sentarse dormir deslizar, resbalar olfatear, oler sembrar hablar deletrear

spend speed spill spin spit split spoil spread spring stand steal stick sting stink stride strike swear sweat sweep swell swim swing take teach tear tell think throw thrust tread understand undergo undertake wake wear weave weep wet win wind withdraw wring write

spent sped spilt spun spat split spoilt spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank strode struck swore sweat swept swellen swam swung took taugh tore told thought threw thrust trod understood underwent undertook woke wore wove wept wet won wound withdrew wrung wrote

spent sped spilt spun spat split spoilt spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk stridden struck sworn sweat swept swollen swom swung taken taugh torn told thought thrown thrust trodden understood undergone undertaken woken worn woven wept wet won wound withdrawn wrung written

gastar acelerar derramar hilar Esculpir dividir, partir, rajar estropear, deteriorar extender, desplegar saltar estar de pie robar, hurtar adherir, pegar, engomar picar (aguijón) apestar, heder dar zancadas pegarle a, chocar o dar contra… jurar sudar barrer hinchar nadar balancear, columpiar tomar, coger educar, enseñar romper, rasgar decir, contar pensar lanzar, aventar, arrojar, tirar empujar, introducir pisar entender, comprender sufrir asumir, contraer, emprender despertar, despertarse llevar puesto, usar tejer (en telar) sollozar mojar, humedecer ganar ovillar, enrollar retirar retorcer escribir

APLIQUEMOS LO APRENDIDO. 1. Escriba el pasado de los siguientes verbos: 1. Give_________

9. Win_________

2. Leave________

10.Take________

3. Get__________

11.Have_______

4. Speak________

12. Go_________

5. Lose_________

13. Do_________

6. Make________

14. Buy________

7. Make________

15. Drive_______

8. Come________. Complete el siguiente texto con el pasado de los verbos en paréntesis usando el auxiliar DID cuando sea necesario. Example: Leonardo Da Vinci lived (live) in Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He was a student in Florence where he _________(study) painting, sculpture and design. He _________ (begin) a lot of paintings, but he________ (not finish) many of them. His picture of the Mona Lisa is the most famous portrait in the world. Da vinci__________(be) interested in many things. He________ (want) to know about everthing he__________ (see). He ___________ (examine) the human body music. He __________(think) that the sun_________(not go) around the earth. He ___________(write) music. He___________(desing) a flying machine 400 years before the first one______(fly). Many people________(not understand) his ideas. It is hard to believe that one man________(can) do so much. What did they do yesterday?

1. cook

5. watch TV

2. wash my car

6. type

3. fix my bicycle

7.

dance

4. brush my teeth

8. bake

9. clean

11. yawn

10. play the piano

13. shave

17.shout

15 cry

14. smile

19.plant flowers

.18.rest

12. listen to music

16.study

20.wait for the bus

READING THE WILSONS´S PARTY Mr. and Mrs. Wilson invited all their friends and neighbors to a party last night. They stayed home all day yesterday and prepared for the party. In the morning the Wilsons worked outside. Their daughter, Margaret, cleaned the yard. Their son, Bob, painted the fence. Mrs. Wilson planted flowers in the garden, and Mr. Wilson fixed their broken front steps.

In the afternoon the Wilson worked inside the house. Margaret washed the floors and vacuumed the living room carpet. Bob dusted the furniture and cleaned the basement. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson stayed in the kitchen all afternoon. He cooked spaghetti for dinner, and she baked apple pies for dessert. The Wilsons finished all their work at six o´clock. Their house looked beautiful inside and out !

The Wilson´s guests arrived at about 7:30. After they arrived, they all sat in the living room. They ate cheese and crackers, drank lemonade, and talked. Some people talked about the weather. And EVERYBODY talked about how beautiful the Wilsons´ house looked inside and out !.

The Wilsons served dinner in the dining room at 9:00. Everybody enjoyed the meal very much. They liked Mr. Wilson´s spaghetti and they “loved” Mrs. Wilson´s apple pie. In fact, everybody asked for seconds.

After dinner everybody sat in the living room again. First, Bob Wilson played the piano and his sister, Margaret, sang. Then, Mr. and mrs. Wilson showed a video of their trip to Hawaii. After that, they turned on the music and everybody danced. As you can see, the Wilson´s guests enjoyed the party very much. In fact, nobody wanted to go home!

READING CHECK – UP. WHAT´S THE ANSWER? 1. What dis Margaret and Bob Wilson do in the morning? 2. How did Mr. and Mrs. Wilson prepare for the party in the afternoon? 3. When did the guests arrive? 4. Where did the guests sit after they arrived? 5. What did they eat and drink before dinner? 6. What di Margaret do fter dinner? 7. What did Mr. and Mrs. Wilson do after dinner? IN YOUR OWN WORDS FOR WRITING OR DISCUSSION. A PARTY Tell about a party you enjoyed. What did you eat? What did you drink? What did people do at the party? (eat, dance, talk about…)

WHAT´S THE MATTER? I We You They

work every day

I We You They Worked yesterday

He She It

works every day

He She It

A. How does David feel? B. Not so good. A. What´s the matter? B. He has a backache. A. A backache? How did he get it? B. He played basketball all day. Or: all morning/all afternoon/all evening/all night

____________________________________________________

FUTURE WITH GOING TO VS. FUTURE WITH WILL REMEMBER WE USE FUTURE WITH WILL TO. Express future actions. Express promises or future intentions. Express predictions. Express willingness, offers and suggestions. WE USE FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO in order to express. Future plans and predictions.

LOOK AT THE STRUCTURES I. FUTURE WITH “GOING TO” There are several forms to talk about the future in English. Their use depend on the speaker´s intention (en inglés existen varias formas para referirse al futuro dependiendo de la intención del hablante). We can use verb BE and the expression “going to” to talk about decision on future plans. The formation of sentences are as follows. (Se puede utilizar la expresión “going

“to” para hablar acerca de decisiones firmes sobre planes futuros. La formación de oraciones es la siguiente): AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+VERB BE+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: We are going to visit some friends. Joan is going to travel to England. NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+VERB BE+NOT+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: I am not going to do anything special. Sandra is not going to leave them on their own. INTERROGATIVE: VERB BE+SUBJECT+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: Are you going to come back on Saturday? Is Fanny going to travel by plane? La interpretación en español de estas oraciones es generalmente como “IR A”, es decir: I am not going to do anything special (yo no voy a hacer nada especial) Joan is going to travel to England (Joan va a viajar a Inglaterra) EXERCISES.

EXERCISE ONE.

Based on the chart below write sentences about carts races for the next year. Example: The first race is going to take place on March 10th in Monterrey, Mexico. Mar 10 Apr 14 Apr 27 Jun 2 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jul 7 Jul 14 Jul 28 Aug 11 Aug 18 Aug 25 Sep 1 Sep 14 Sep 21 Oct 13 Oct 27 Nov 3

Monterrey, Mexico Long Beach, CA, USA Motegi, Japan West Allis, WI, USA Monterrey, CA, USA Portland, OR, USA. Toronto, ON, CAN Cleveland, OH, USA Vancouver, BC, CAN Lexington, OH, USA Elkhart lake, WI, USA Montreal, CAN Denver, USA Corby, UK Lausitz, Germany Mexico, City, Mexico Queensland, Aus Fontana, CA, USA

Write ten additional sentences. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.

EXERCISE Based on the staternents, write what the Ramirez are and aren´t going to do next holidays: Example: Statement: Mr. Ramirez bought some airplane tickets to Cartagena for the family. The Ramirez are going to travel to Cartagena 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mrs. Ramirez bought a lot sun tan lotion. Fanny packed her swimming suits. Teddy packed his scuba diving equipment. Mr. Ramirez didn´t pack any books. Fanny packed her video camera. Teddy didn´t pack his photo camera.

EXERSICE THREE Dr. Daniels checked his diary and decided what he is going to do next week. He ticked the things he is going to do and he crossed out the things he is not going to do. Write ten appropriate sentences: Example: He is not going to have breakfast at the club on Monday. Monday: 7:00 a.m Breakfast at the club. 9:30-12:00 Ward round at central Hospital. 1:00 p.m. Lunch at home.

Friday 8:00 p.m. Dinner with the Robinsons.

Tuesday 2:30 p.m. Chart conference at Central Hospital. 7:00 – 10:00 p.m AMA´s Cocktail Wednesday 8:00 a.m Meeting with Dr. cage. 7:00 p.m Dinner at Esteban´s. Thursday. 9:30 a.m – 2:00 p.m.Seminar on Pathology 1. 6.

Saturday 10:30 a.m Trip to the country side.

2.

7.

3.

8.

4.

9.

5.

10.

Sunday 6:00 p.m. Meeting Dine at the airport.

II. FUTURE WITH “WILL” We can use “will” to express possible future actions. It´s the form used when a decision on future plans has not been taken or for spontaneous answers on the future. (se usa “will” para hablar acerca de posibilidades de actividades futuras. Es la forma utilizada cuando no se han formado decisiones acerca de planes futuros o para respuestas espontaneas sobre el futuro. La formacion de oraciones es la siguiente) AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT+WILL+MAIN VERB+COMPLEMENT. Example:

I will stay here.

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+WILL+NOT+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Example: It will not be the same Will + not = won´t INTERROGATIVE: WILL+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT? Example: Will things be very different? CONTRACTIONS Affirmative: I´ll

Negative: I Will

You´ll

You will

He´ll

He will

She´ll

She will

It´ll

It will

We´ll

We will

They´ll

They will

will + not

won´t

In future sentences with “WILL” we frequently use expressions like “perhaps” or “maybe” interpretadas en español como quizás, tal vez o de pronto) Example: A: What are you going to do tonight? B: I don´t know. Maybe, I will go to the concert. “La interpretación en Español de estas oraciones se pueden hacer con “ir a” al igual que con going to: I will stay here (Me voy a quedar aquí)

EXERCISE Omar is not sure about his future activities. Write his possibles answer to these questions. Use the key words in brackets and start with “I don´t know yet´ + probably, perhaps or maybe: Example: A. What are you going to do next vacation? (Perhaps/stay here) Omar: I don´t know yet. Perhaps I´II stay here 1. What are you going to do when you graduate? (study abroad) _____________________________________________________________. 2. Where are you going to live next year? (live in this city) _____________________________________________________________. 3. Where are you going to spend next Christmas? (go to my parent´s) ______________________________________________________________. 4. What are you going to do this weekend (see a film) ______________________________________________________________. 5. What are you going to do next summer? (go camping). ______________________________________________________________. EXERCISE FIVE These people decided to go to a ski resort in France next winter. Look at the following table and write appropriate sentences: Example:

Phil is going to go ice climbing. Gus is not going to go ice climbing. Probably Manuel will go ice climbing. ICE CLIMBING

PHIL GUS MANUEL

GO TO A WINE TESTING IN AN IGLOO

+ ?

+ ?+

LEARN TO DRIVE A SNOWCAT

? + -

+ = Yes - = NO ? = PROBABLY ?- = PROBABLY NOT. 1.

6.

2.

7.

3.

8.

4.

9.

5.

10.

GO ALPINE SKIING

+ + -

GO CROSS COUNTRY SKIING

GO SKATING

+

+ ?-

WHAT ARE THEY GOING TO DO TOMORROW?

am

I he

is What

she

(I am)

I´m

(He is)

He´s

(she is)

She´s

going to do?

it

(It is) we are

It´s

(We are)

We´re

(You are)

You´re

(They are)

They´re

you they

A. What´s Fred going to do tomorrow? B. He´s going to fix his car

going to read?

WHAT´S THE FORECAST? I We You

want to

They

study

He She

wants to

It

A. What are you going to do tomorrow? B. I don´t know. I want to go swimming, but. I think the weather is going to be bad. A. Really? What´s the forecast? B. The radio says it´s going to rain. A. That´s strange!. According to the newspaper, it´s going to be sunny. B. I hope you´re right. I REALLY want to go swimming.

Discuss in class: What´s the weather today? What´s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

WILL THE TRAIN ARRIVE SOON? (I will)

I´ll

(He will)

He´ll

(she will)

She´ll

(It will)

It´ll

(We will)

We´ll

(You will)

You´ll

(They will)

They´ll

Will he work? work

Yes, he will

A. Will the train arrive soon? B. Yes, it will. It´ll arrive in five minutes.

WHAT DO YOU THINK? I

I

He

He

She

She

It

will work

It

We

We

You

You

They

They

won´t work, (will not)

I CAN´T WAIT FOR SPRING TO COME! I´m tired of winter. I´m tired of snow. I´m tired of cold weather, and I´m sick and tired of winter coats and boots! Just think! In a few more weeks it won´t be winter any more. It´ll be spring. The weather won´t be cold. It´ll be warm. It won´t snow any more. It´ll be sunny. I won´t have to stay indoors any more. I´ll go outside and play with mi friends. We´ll ride bicycles and play baseball again. In a few more weeks our neighborhood won´t look sad and gray any more. The flowers will bloom, and the trees will become green again. My family will spend more time outdoors. My father will work in the yard. He´ll cut the grass and paint the fence. My mother will work in the yard, too. She´ll buy new flowers and plant them in the garden. On weekends we won´t just sit in the living room and watch TV. We´ll go for walks in the park, and we´ll have picnics on Sunday afternoons. I can´t wait for spring to come! Hurry, spring!.

READING CHECK-UP TRUE, FALSE, OR MAYBE? Answer True, False, or Maybe (if the answer isn´t in the story). 1. It´s spring. 2. The boy in the story likes to go outside during the spring. 3. The boy has a cold. 4. The trees are green now. 5. The park is near their house. 6. The boy plays baseball with his friends all year. 7. The family has a TV in their living room. 8. The boy´s family doesn´t like winter.

MODAL AUXILIARY YERBS VEAMOS LOS VERBOS MODALES AUXILIARES Estos verbos tienen un amplio rango de significados como habilidad, posibilidad, probabilidad, etc. La mayoría de ellos tiene más de un significado. No se ven afectados por la tercera persona, excepto “have to” que toma la forma “has to”. El verbo principal de la oración debe ir en infinitivo.

Can (poder) • Expresa habilidad. Ej. I can play soccer very well (puedo jugar futbol muy bien) • En su forma negativa puede expresar imposi-bilidad. Ej: It can´t be the truth! Is that your mom? • Puede ser usado para pedir permiso, pero es menos formal. Ej: can I take the car tonight, dad? Could (poder en pasado) • Es usado para pedir permiso o ayuda de una manera formal. Ej: Could you please answer the phone? (podrías contestar el teléfono?) • Expresa habilidad en el pasado. Ej: I could kiss my foot when I was two years old. • También puede expresar posibilidad. Ej: She could be sad.

May (poder ser, ser posible) • Es usado para pedir permiso. Ej: Excuse me…may I use your bathroom? (disculpe, puedo usar su baño?) • También se usa como posibilidad. Ej: I may go to the party.

Might (ser posible) Expresa posibilidad en el presente Ej: It migth be wrong, beware! (puede ser un error, ten cuidado) Expresa posibilidad en el futuro. Ej: He migth win the presidence next year. El pasado se construye con el auxiliary “have” despues del modal y el verbo principal en participio pasado, indica posibilidad en el pasado. Ej: He migth have missed the bus. Should (deber) • Es usado para dar un consejo. Ej: You should save some money for your trip. (deberías ahorrar para tu viaje) • Expresa una buena idea. Ej: she should visit her father before the millennium.

El pasado se construye con el auxiliary “have” después del modal y el verbo principal en participio pasado. Indica un deber que no se hizo. Ej: He should have been ready to go when his parents came to pick him up, but he wasn´t. Have to (tener que) Expresa necesidad Ej: Do I have to pay firts? (tengo que pagar primero?) Expresa un deber Ej: You have to attend all your classes. Must (Deber) Expresa probabilidad Ej: It must be a good business…I´ll take the risk! (Debe ser un buen negocio; me arriesgaré ) Es usado para hablar de una obligación Ej: You must respect your parents. En forma negativa, expresa una prohibición Ej: you mustn`t talk to strangers El pasado se construye con el auxiliar “have” después del modal, y el verbo principal en participio pasado. Indica probabilidad en el pasado. Ej The cashier must have made a mistake with my change, cause a Candy can`t cost $ 10.000 Would (pasado de will_) Es usado para hacer un ofrecimiento Ej: Would you like to go with me to the party? ( Te gustaría conmigo a la fiesta?) También puede expresar una hipótesis Ej: John and Mary would never get married! Puede ser usado para hacer una solicitud Ej: Would you send me the e-mail tonight? Se utiliza en expresiones educadas, formales Ej: It would be a pleasure for me.

________________ APLIQUEMOS LO APRENDIDO 1. Use could or couldn`t para expresar una habilidad ya pasada. Complete los enunciados. A. When I was a child,_____________________________________________________ B. When I was in primary school, I:____________________________________________ C. Four years go, I________________________________________________________ D. When I was 14 years old, I_______________________________________________ E. When I was one year old______________________________________________ 2. Para pedir permiso use CAN, MAY y COULD. Complete los siguiente diálogos A. Mum,__________ we have a cookie? B. Yes, boy, you _________have one after lunch C. Hello? D. Thanks, I Mary home? A. Yes, she is D_______ I talk to her? C. Sure S. Mr. Smith, ________I use your pen for a moment? M. sure. Go ahead. S: Thanks. It´s really hot in here. P: Jane_______I use your pen for a moment? D: All right. No problem. P: Thanks 3. Haga oraciones con los verbos auxiliares May, might, Maybe, may not, might not. Expresar posibilidad A. Susan didn´t come to class today maybe. Maybe, She´s sick_____ B. It´s been raining all day_______________________________________________ C. My husband / wife isn´t home yet. We planned to meet at 9:00 p.m. and it is already 11:00 p.m.__________________________________________________________. D. The party´s already started, but my best friend hastn´t arrived__________________. E. You´re home. It´s late. You hear a noise___________________________________. F. You look at your little sister and wonder what she´s going to be when she grows up________________________________________________________________

4. Cuál es la pregunta más cortes en cada situación? Polite questions. A. It´s hot.

____Will you please open the door for me?

B. I´m carrying a suitcase.

____Can you turn the music down?

C. I don´t have change.

____Would you please answer it for me?

D. I can´t answer the phone.

____Could you please help me to find this address?

E. The music is too loud.

____Would you please loan me a quarter?

F. I´m lost.

____Could you turn on the A.C?

WOULD. Meaning: potential or conditional action, unreal fact. (Expresa acción potencial, condicional o hecho irreal). Tense: Future (future) Version In Spanish: para interpretar en español, al verbo que acompaña a WOULD se le agrega terminación IA. Ejemplo: would like: gust aria, would go: iría, would be: sería o estaría, etc. The formation of the sentences with modal verbs is the following: (La formación de oraciones con verbo modal es de la siguiente manera (The formation of sentences with modal verbs is the following):

AFFIRMATIVE FORM. SUBJECT

MODAL VERB

MAIN VERB

COMPLEMENT

I You He She

Can

It

Could

Swin

Very well

We You They. Note: the modal verb doesn´t change with any subject, it is the same form. Nota: El verbo modal no cambia con ningún sujeto, la misma forma se aplica para todos.

NEGATIVE FORM. SUBJECT

MODAL VERB+NOT

MAIN VERB

COMPLEMENT

I You

Can not

He

(can´t)

She

Could not

It

(couldn´t)

We

Would not

You

(Would not)

do

the exercises

They.

INTERROGATIVE FORM (WH WORD)

MODAL VERB

SUBJECT MAIN VERB

Who

I

What

You

When

Can

He

Where

Could

She

How

Would

It

What time

We

(etc)

You

COMPLEMENT?

Visit

….?

They EXERSICES EXERSICES ONE. Match the questions with their corresponding answers. Write the number of the question in the parenthesis on the right. Number one is already done for you. QUESTIONS

ANSWERS

1. How can I get to Miami?

( 3 ) In Cartagena

2. What can you see in museum?

( ) With very pleasure

3. Where would you like to live?

( ) yes, I could.

4. Could you ride on a bike whe you were a child ( ) On vacation a child 5. When can you rest a lot?

( ) a lot of pmtures.

6. How much coffe would you kike

( ) By plane

7. Could you help me?

(

) just a litle

EXERCISE TWO Complete the conversations with the appropriate verb: CAN, CAN´T, COULD, COULDN´T, WOULD, WOULDN´T. Number one is already done for you. 1. A: What would you like to order? B: I would like chicken and chips. 2. A: I ______understand this exercise ___________you explain it to me? B: Of course. 3. A: I______ like to buy this jacket. B: Sorry, but we________ accept credit cards. 4. A: Sorry. I_________ meet you yesterday. B:__________you tell me what happened?

READING 1. Chimpanzees are members of the ape family. Wild chimps live in families and teach their children what they can eat and where they can find food. Some scientists think that chimpanzees are the most intelligent animals on earth. Zoologists who have studied chimpanzees in their native territories have listed about twenty different sounds mean but they realize that the chimps can communicate with each other.

2. Jane Goodall, and English scientist, lived with wild chimps in Africa for several years. She discovered that they could make and use tools to catch insects that they liked to eat. A Russian women, Nadezhda Kohts, lived with a baby chimp in her home for three years, the little chimp could understand what she said to him but he could never repeat what he heard. 3. In 1931, Gua, a female baby chimp went to live with the kelloggs. Donald, the kelloggs´ baby and Gua were about the same age and they played together but only Donald learned to speak, Gua could express what she wanted to say by using gestures. Cathy Hayes and her husband, a psychologist studied the latest teaching methods and they thought they could teach a fernale chimp Viky to speak. After methods and they thought they could teach a fernale chimp Viky to speak. After many years Viky learned to say “mama”, “papa” and “cup” but she couldn´t understand what the words meant.

4. Beatrice and Allen Gadner taught their chimp Washoe to communicate with American Sign Lenguaje. When Washoe was four years old, she could use a vocabulary of 130 signs. Many scientist are still working with chimpanzees but no one knows how much we can learn from chimpanzees.

EXERCISE ONE Read the text carefully and select the best title you would give to it. Write X on the letter that corresponds to the option. A. Can chimps communicate each other? B. Can chimps learn a human language? C. Can chimps communicate with children? READY STRATEGY: TOPIC OF A PARAGRAPH Topic is the theme a paragraph deals with. You can give the topic of the paragraph by writing it with a word or an expression related to the content of the paragraph. (Tópico es el tema del cual trata un párrafo. Usted puede dar el tópico de un párrafo escribiendo una palabra o una expresión relacionada con su contenido)

EVALUACION. PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE. Write the correct form of the verb in each sentence.

1. John_____________________________(play / plays) soccer. 2. They _____________________________(don´t/doesn´t) study after school. 3. We ______________________________(take/takes) the metro to the office every day. 4. What_____________________________(do/does) you want to study. 5. On Tuesday, I______________________(go/goes) to the mall. 6. Terry _____________________________(play/plays) soccer, he______________(practice/practices) 7. _________________________(Do/Does) Lucy ride her bike to school, or__________(do/does) she take the bus? 8. On Sunday, he_____________________(don´t/doesn´t) read the the newspaper. 9. Where____________________________(do/does) they work? 10. How______________________________(do/does) you spell your name?

Make questions with the word groups, using (do) or (does). 1. (Where/she/live)___________________________________________________?. 2. (When/you/play/soccer)_____________________________________________?. 3. (What/he/eat/for/lunch)______________________________________________?. 4. (When/they/come/home/from/school)___________________________________?. 5. (She/want/to/work/in/the/office)________________________________________? 6. (Your/mother/take/you/to/school)_______________________________________? 7. (What/time/you/get/up)_______________________________________________? 8. (Where/your/father/work)______________________________________________? 9. (Julia/live/in/Colorado)________________________________________________? 10. (How/Juan/and/David/go/to/school)______________________________________?

PAST TENSE – IRREGULAR VERBS – NEGATIVE & AFFIRMATIVE Complete the sentences below using the example given. Ex. Bill usually eats cereal for breakfast. He didn´t eat cereal yesterday. He ate toast. 1. Ben usually gets up at 7:00 He_________________ at 7:00 yesterday. He _____________________at 8:00 2. Ben usually takes a shower. He_________________ a shower yesterday. He ___________________a bath. 3. Ben usually reads the Times newspaper. He _________________ the Times yesterday. He _________________the Post.

4. Ben usually leaves the house at 8:00 He__________________ the house at 8:00. He_____________________ at 9:00

5. Ben usually takes a bus to work. He _________________a bus yesterday. He_______________________ a taxi

6. Ben usually meets his boss in the morning. He____________ his boss in the morning yesterday. He___________ him in the afternoon.

7. Ben usually writes 10 letters every morning. He_________________ write 10 letters yesterday. He ________________5 letters.

8. Ben usually eats lunch in the office. He___________ lunch in the office yesterday. He _____________ lunch in a restaurant.

9. Ben usually has a lot of appointments every day. He____________ a lot of appointments yesterday. He only_________ a few.

10. Ben usually goes home at 6:00. He____________ home at 6:00 yesterday. He___________ home at 7:00.

FUTURE WITH GOING TO Complete the conversation using the prompts.

ROSIE: Hi sara! (1)_________________(you/be at the barbecue tonight?) SARA:

Yes, I am.

ROSIE: What (2)____________________(you/wear?) SARA:

I don´t know. What about you?

ROSIE: (3)__________________(I/wear my summer dress) SARA:

Is Anita coming?

ROSIE: I think so. (4)_____________(I/send her a message) and check. SARA:

(5)____________________(Steve/be there?)

ROSIE: Yes, he is. SARA: Good. I have to go now. I´ll see you at the barbecue. ROSIE: Ok. What (6)________________(you/to do now?) SARA:

(7)_____________________(I/get ready). I want to wash my hair.

ROSIE: Ok. (8)_________________(I/do my homework). I´ll see you later. SARA:

Bye.

FUTURE: WILL. 1. Write positive or negative sentences about Mary, Rob, Pat and Paul MARY Be a pilot Wear a uniform

ROB X

PAT AND PAUL X

X

X X

Work at night Read a book Drive a car

X X

Make beds Study Maths

X

X

X

X

X

Travel a lot Sleep only four hours Do homework

X

X X

EXAMPLE: Mary will be a pilot. Rob won´t be a pilot. Pat and Paul won´t be pilots. a. _________________________________________________________________. b. _________________________________________________________________. c. _________________________________________________________________. d. _________________________________________________________________. e. _________________________________________________________________. f.

_________________________________________________________________.

g. _________________________________________________________________. h. _________________________________________________________________. i.

_________________________________________________________________.

2. Make questions with “Do you think…?” and then answer them about you. a. What time/get home tonight? What time do you think you will get home tonight? .About half past ten.

b. Have a bath tonight? ______________________________________________________________. c. How long/the film last? ______________________________________________________________. d. What time/go to bed? ______________________________________________________________. e. Go on holiday next year? ______________________________________________________________. f.

Listen to music this afternoon? ______________________________________________________________.

g. Read a newspaper this week? ______________________________________________________________. h. Spain/win the football championship? ______________________________________________________________. i.

What time/eat in the evening? ______________________________________________________________.

j.

How long/study for your next exam? ______________________________________________________________.

Worksheet: Modal Verbs for Expressing Obligation. Directions: write the missing word in each sentence. Choose from the modal verbs in the box below.

Will

must

should

can

may

could

1. You ________________borrow the books in this section of the library 2. To apply for financial aid, you_____________ fill out an application form. 3. We__________________ need to get some milk on the way home. 4. Students_____________________ stay home if they have the flu.

might

5. You_____________________ leave your coats on the bed in the other room.

6. You ______________________clean up your room before you go outside.

7. He_____________ __________take a biology class in the spring.

8. I think you_________________ wear your blue shirt with those pants.

9. You ______________________fix those shoes with some shoe glue.

10. You______________________ want to try on some of the salad.

11. You______________________ check to see if that book is available on – line.

12. You______________________ make a copy of this document.

13. You______________________ be nice to your little brother.

14. You______________________ have automobile insurance to drive a car in California.