CURRICULUM VITAE William Lewis Merrill Department of Anthropology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution P.O. Box 37012, MRC 112 Washington, DC 20013-7012 202-633-1920 [email protected] Birthdate: March 21, 1950. Birthplace: Hendersonville, North Carolina Education 1981 1975 1972

Ph.D. M.A. A.B.

University of Michigan (Anthropology) University of Michigan (Anthropology) University of North Carolina (Anthropology)

Principal Research Interests: Native North America, especially Uto-Aztecan societies in the Western Hemisphere; cultural history, historical linguistics, ethnobiology, religion, ideology, social organization, and material culture. Languages: English; Spanish (advanced competency); Rarámuri (basic competency). Employment 2010–Present

Research Curator, Latin American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

1980– 2010

Research Curator, North American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

2003–2008

Head, Division of Ethnology, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

1984–2000

Co-editor, Smithsonian Series in Ethnographic Inquiry, Smithsonian Institution Press

1990–1991

Acting Director, National Anthropological Archives, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Other Professional Appointments 1996–Present

Member, Editorial Board, Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

1998–Present

Member, Board of Directors, Mexico-North Research Network. Chair, 1998–2012

2001–Present

Fellow, Institute for Ethnographic Research, George Washington University

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2003–Present

Member, Editorial Board, Voices of Mexico, Centro de Investigaciones Sobre América del Norte, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

2003–Present

Member, Board of Directors, Council of American Overseas Research Centers. Smithsonian ex officio member, Executive Committee, 2004–2010.

2012–Present

Director, Program on Indigenous Languages and Natural History, Mexico-North Research Network

2008 –2009

Subsecretario, Comité Consultivo para la Atención a las Lenguas Indígenas en Riesgo de Desaparición, Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas, Mexico

2002–2005

Chief Consultant, Rarámuri Education Initiative, Ford Foundation

1999–2005

Director, Project on Biological, Cultural, and Linguistic Diversity in the Sierra Tarahumara

1990–1998

Adjunct Professor, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Unidad Chihuahua

1993–1995

Consultant, Rarámuri Bilingual Education Program, Coordinación Estatal de la Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico

1991–1992

Research Fellow, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Honors and Awards 2009

Science Achievement Award, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

1993

Jury member, Premio Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico

1991

Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution

1987

Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution

1983

Outstanding Service Award, Smithsonian Institution

1980–1981

Pre-Doctoral Fellow, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan

1977–1979

Pre-Doctoral Fellow, National Institute of Mental Health

1973–1976

Graduate Fellow, National Science Foundation

1972

Highest Honors in Anthropology, University of North Carolina

1972

Phi Beta Kappa, University of North Carolina 2

Research Activities 2009–Present

Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics and cultural history

1977–2008

Field and archival research on the cultures and histories of Indigenous societies of northern Mexico, especially the Rarámuri of Chihuahua

1981–Present

Museum research on ethnographic and archaeological specimens from northern Mexico in museums in the United States, Mexico, and Europe

1975–1976

Museum and archival research on the use of mescalbeans (Sophora secundiflora) by Native North Americans

1974

Ethnobotanical field research in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

Grants During my professional career, I have received grants totaling over $1 million to support activities in five areas: 1) field, museum, and archival research, 2) museum collections improvement, 3) public programming (conferences, symposia, public lectures, exhibits) 4) Indigenous education in northern Mexico, and 5) U.S.-Mexican collaboration. These grants have been awarded by the following foundations and agencies in the United States and Mexico (presented here in alphabetical order): City of San Antonio, Texas; Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; Coordinación Estatal de la Sierra Tarahumara; Fideicomiso para la Cultura México-Estados Unidos; Ford Foundation; Getty Grant Program; J.M. Kaplan Fund; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Rockefeller Foundation; Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (Mexico); Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Department of State; and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Publications (all categories, in reverse chronological order) Under Review Merrill, William L. The Genetic Unity of Southern Uto-Aztecan. Language Dynamics and Change. Hard, Robert J., William L. Merrill, A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Jacob C. Freeman, and Karen R. Adams. Rainfed Farming and Settlement Aggregation: Reflections from Chihuahua, Mexico. In Scott E. Ingram and Robert C. Hunt (eds.), Drylands Agriculture: What We Need to Know. Accepted for Publication Merrill, William L. The Historical Linguistics of Uto-Aztecan Agriculture. Anthropological Linguistics.

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Published Merrill, William L. 2011. [Review of ] The Power of Song: Music and Dance in the Mission Communities of Northern New Spain, 1590-1810, by Kristen Dutcher Mann. The Catholic Historical Review 97(2): 400–401. Merrill, William L., Robert J. Hard, Jonathan B. Mabry, Gayle J. Fritz, Karen R. Adams, John R. Roney, and A.C. MacWilliams. 2010. Reply to Hill and Brown: Maize and Uto-Aztecan Cultural History. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107: E35–E36. Merrill, William L., Robert J. Hard, Jonathan B. Mabry, Gayle J. Fritz, Karen R. Adams, John R. Roney, and A.C. MacWilliams. 2009. The Diffusion of Maize to the Southwestern United States and Its Impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106: 21019–21026. Merrill, William L. 2009. Sociedades indígenas, misiones y el sistema colonial en el norte de la Nueva España / Indigenous Societies, Missions, and the Colonial System in Northern New Spain. In Clara Bargellini and Michael K. Komanecky (eds.), El arte de las misiones del norte de la Nueva España, 1600–1821 / The Art of the Missions of Northern New Spain, 1600–1821, pp. 122–153. Mexico City: Mandato Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso. MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, Natalia Martínez Tagüeña, and William L. Merrill. 2009. Investigaciones de los sitios tempranos de cultivo de maíz en Chihuahua, México, 2006. Informe al Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México. Washington: Mexico-North Research Network. MacWilliams, A.C., Robert J. Hard, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2008. The Setting of Early Agriculture in Southern Chihuahua. In Laurie D. Webster and Maxine E. McBrinn (eds.), Archaeology Without Borders: Contact, Commerce, and Change in the U.S. Southwest and Northwestern Mexico, pp. 35–54. Boulder: University Press of Colorado and Chihuahua: CONACULTA-INAH. Merrill, William L., and Celia López González. 2007. Humans and Other Mammals in Prehispanic Chihuahua. In Eduardo Corona Martínez and Joaquín Arroyo-Cabrales (eds.), Human and Faunal Relationships Reviewed: An Archaeozoological Approach, pp. 43–62. Oxford: Archaeopress. Merrill, William L. 2007. La obra lingüística del padre Matthäus Steffel, S.J. In Karl Kohut and María Cristina Torales Pacheco (eds.), Desde los confines de los imperios ibéricos: Los jesuitas de habla alemana en las misiones americanas, pp. 409–439: Frankfurt and Madrid: Vervuert–Iberoamericana. Goddard, Ives, and William L. Merrill. 2007. William Curtis Sturtevant (death notice). Anthropology News 48(5): 43. MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006. Investigaciones de los sitios de cultivo de maíz temprano en Chihuahua: Informe de la temporada de 2003. Informe técnico al Consejo de Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México. Washington: Mexico-North Research Network. MacWilliams, A.C., Robert J. Hard, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006. Recent Reconnaissance in Southwest Chihuahua. In Marc Thompson, Jason Jurgena, and Lora 4

Jackson (eds.), Mostly Mimbres: A Collection of Papers from the 12th Biennial Mogollon Conference, pp. 83–91. El Paso: El Paso Museum of Archaeology. Hard, Robert J., A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2006. Early Agriculture in Chihuahua, Mexico. In John E. Staller, Robert H. Tykot, and Bruce F. Benz (eds.), Histories of Maize: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize, pp. 471–485. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Reprinted in Histories of Maize in Mesoamerica: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Edited by John E. Staller, Robert Tykot, and Bruce Benz, pp. 70–85. Left Coast Press, California, 2009. . Merrill, William L., and Lars Krutak. 2005. Rarámuri. In William M. Clements (ed.), North and South America, pp. 296–308, vol. 4 of The Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Folklore and Folklife. Westport: Greenwood. Merrill, William L. 2003. The Mexico-North Research Network: Origins of a Binational Consortium. Journal of Big Bend Studies 15: 213–237. Merrill, William L., and Ives Goddard (eds). 2002. Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 2002. The Writings of William C. Sturtevant. In William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard (eds.), Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant, pp. 37–44. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 2002. William Curtis Sturtevant, Anthropologist. In William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard (eds.), Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant, pp. 11–36. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 2002. Species Transformations in Northern Mexico: Explorations in Rarámuri Zoology. In William L. Merrill and Ives Goddard (eds.), Anthropology, History, and American Indians: Essays in Honor of William Curtis Sturtevant, pp. 333–347. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology 44. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 2001. La identidad ralámuli: una perspectiva histórica. In Claudia Molinari and Eugeni Porras (eds.), La identidad y los pueblos étnicos en la Sierra Tarahumara, pp. 71–103. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia and Congreso del Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua. Merrill, William L. 2000. Luis González Rodríguez, dos proyectos inconclusos. In Dizán Vázquez [Loya] (ed.), Luis González Rodríguez, 1924-1998. Homenaje por su obra en Chihuahua, pp. 35–38. Ciudad Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Merrill, William L. 2000. La economía política de las correrías: Nueva Vizcaya al final de la época colonial. In Marie-Areti Hers, José Luis Mirafuentes, María de los Dolores Soto, and Miguel Vallebueno (eds.), Nómadas y sedentarios en el norte de México: Homenaje a Beatriz Braniff, pp. 623–668. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. [Reprinted in Jesús Vargas V. (ed.), 5

Textos de la Nueva Vizcaya, no. 6, 45 pages. Chihuahua: Centro de Estudios Regionales, Unidad Chihuahua, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, and Dirección de Publicaciones y Proyectos Especiales, Secretaría de Educación y Cultura, Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua, 2000]. Merrill, William L. 1998. Rarámuri Easter. In Rosamond B. Spicer and N. Ross Crumrine (eds.), Performing the Renewal of Community: Indigenous Easter Rituals in North Mexico and Southwest United States, pp. 365–421. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Ramos Chaparro, Aureliano, Ismael Castillo Aguirre, Cesáreo Prieto Vega, Ventura Orozco Castro, Miguel Carillo Frías, María Soledad Bustillos Peña, Albino Mares Trías, Don Burgess McGuire, and William L. Merrill. 1997. Compendio básico de la gramática ralámuli. Chihuahua: Coordinación Estatal de la Tarahumara. Merrill, William L., and Margot Heras Quezada. 1997. Rarámuri Personhood and Ethnicity: Another Perspective. American Ethnologist 24(2): 302–306. Merrill, William L., Marian K. Hansson, Candace S. Greene, and Frederick J. Reuss. 1997. A Guide to the Kiowa Collections at the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Anthropology 40. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L., and Richard E. Ahlborn. 1997. Zuni Archangels and Ahayu:da: A Sculpted Chronicle of Power and Identity. In Amy Henderson and Adrienne L. Kaeppler (eds.), Exhibiting Dilemmas: Issues of Representation at the Smithsonian, pp. 176–205. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 1997. Identity Transformation in Colonial Northern Mexico. AnthroNotes 19(2): 1–8. [Reprinted in Ruth O. Selig and Marilyn R. London (eds.), Anthropology Explored: The Best of Smithsonian AnthroNotes, pp. 219–230. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1998]. Merrill, William L. 1997. Ralamuli Alawala. Chihuahua: Coordinación Estatal de la Tarahumara. Merrill, William L. 1997. [Review of] The New Latin American Mission History, edited by Erick Langer and Robert H. Jackson. Ethnohistory 44(3): 568–569. Merrill, William L. 1996. Uto-Aztecan Religions and Cosmology: Reflections on a Research Project in Response to Armin W. Geertz. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 8(1): 65–73. Molinari, Claudia, and William L. Merrill. 1995. Chiapas y Chihuahua: Cuatro siglos de resistencia india. Ojarasca 44(mayo-julio): 14–19. Merrill, William L. 1995. Tarahumara. In James W. Dow (ed.), Middle America and the Caribbean, pp. 240–243, vol. 8, Encyclopedia of World Cultures, David Levison (ed.-in-chief). Boston: G.K. Hall and Company. Merrill, William L. 1995. La época franciscana en la tarahumara. In Jorge Chávez Chávez (ed.), Actas del Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comparada, 1993, vol. 1, pp. 157–175. Ciudad Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Merrill, William L. 1994. Cultural Creativity and Raiding Bands in Eighteenth-Century Northern New Spain. In William B. Taylor and Franklin Pease G.Y. (eds.), Violence, Resistance, and Survival in the 6

Americas: Native Americans and the Legacy of Conquest, pp. 124–152. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L., Edmund J. Ladd, and T. J. Ferguson. 1993. The Return of the Ahayu:da: Lessons for Repatriation from Zuni Pueblo and the Smithsonian Institution. Current Anthropology 34(5): 523–555, 562–567. [pp. 556-562: Comments by Elizabeth Cruwys, Alan S. Downer, Christian F. Feest, Charlotte J. Frisbie, Joyce Herold, Schuyler Jones, Robert Layton, and Larry J. Zimmerman]. Merrill, William L. 1993. [Review of] The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, Ritual, and Healing, by Frank J. Lipp. Journal of Ritual Studies 7: 129–131. Merrill, William L. 1993. [Review of] La Mitad del Mundo: Cuerpo y Cosmos en los Rituales Otomíes, by Jacques Galinier. American Anthropologist 95(1): 224. Merrill, William L. 1993. Conversion and Colonialism in Northern Mexico: The Tarahumara Response to the Jesuit Mission Program, 1601-1767. In Robert W. Hefner (ed.), Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation, pp. 129–163. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1993. Mobility, Land Fragmentation, and Economic Rationality. American Anthropologist 95(4): 1005–1006. Merrill, William L. 1992. Almas rarámuris. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional Para la Cultura y las Artes y Instituto Nacional Indigenista. Merrill, William L. 1992. El catolicismo y la creación de la religión moderna de los rarámuris. In Ysla Campbell (ed.), El contacto entre los españoles y los indígenas del norte de la Nueva España, vol. 4, pp. 133–170. Ciudad Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1992. Mobile Agriculturalists and the Emergence of Sedentism: Perspectives from Northern Mexico. American Anthropologist 94(3): 601–620. Merrill, William L. 1991. La indoctrinación religiosa en la Tarahumara colonial: Los informes de los visitadores Lizasoain y Aguirre al final de la época jesuita. In Ricardo García León (ed.), Actas del Segundo Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comparada, 1990, pp. 283–302. Ciudad Juárez: Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Merrill, William L. 1989. [Review of] Crónicas de la Sierra Tarahumara, by Luis González Rodríguez. Ethnohistory 36(4): 416–418. [Spanish translation published in Boletín del Archivo General de la Nación, México, cuarto serie, no. 1, pp. 106–110, 1994]. Merrill, William L. 1989. [Review of] Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of a Peasant Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico, by Thomas E. Sheridan. The Western Historical Quarterly 20(4): 482–483. Merrill, William L. 1988. [Review of] People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians, by Richard S. Felger and Mary Beck Moser. American Ethnologist 15(2): 404–405.

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Merrill, William L. 1988. Rarámuri Souls: Knowledge and Social Process in Northern Mexico. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Merrill, William L. 1987. The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. In Barbara Tedlock (ed.), Dreaming: Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives, pp. 194–219. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Merrill, William L. 1983. Tarahumara Social Organization, Political Organization, and Religion. In Alfonso Ortiz (ed.), Southwest, pp. 290–305, vol. 10 of the Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant (gen. ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Merrill, William L. 1983. God’s Saviours in the Sierra Madre. Natural History 92(3): 58–67. [Reprinted in James P. Spradley and David W. McCurdy (eds.), Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural Anthropology, Fifth edition, Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1984, pp. 317–327. Excerpts published in France in GEO, May 1983, pp. 132–144]. Merrill, William L. 1982. [Review of] The Yaquis: A Cultural History, by Edward H. Spicer. Ethnohistory 29(1): 70–71. Merrill, William L. 1979. The Beloved Tree: Ilex vomitoria Among the Indians of the Southeast and Adjacent Regions. In Charles M. Hudson (ed.), Black Drink: A Native American Tea, pp. 40–82. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Merrill, William L. 1978. Thinking and Drinking: A Rarámuri Interpretation. In Richard I. Ford, Michael F. Brown, Mary Hodge, and William L. Merrill (eds.), The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany, pp. 101–117. Merrill, William L. 1977. An Investigation of Ethnographic and Archaeological Specimens of Mescalbeans (Sophora secundiflora) in American Museums. University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, Technical Report Number 6. Merrill, William L., and Christian F. Feest. 1975. An Exchange of Botanical Information in the Early Contact Situation: Wisakon of the Southeastern Algonquians. Economic Botany 29(2): 171–184. Exhibitions and Webpages Merrill, William L., and Greta de León. 2007. Mexican Cycles: Festival Images by George O. Jackson de Llano. Venues: 2007–2008, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; 2010, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City; 2010, Museo Memoria y Tolerancia, Mexico City; 2012, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City; 2012, Instituto Nacional del Derecho del Autor, Mexico City. [http://www.mnh.si.edu/exhibits/cycles/index.htm]. Merrill, William L., Michelle Smith, and María Sprehn Malagón. 2001. Textiles of the North American Southwest. Washington: Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies, National Museum of Natural History, and the Mexico-North Research Network. [http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/textiles/english/gallery/index.htm].

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Merrill, William L., Michelle Smith, Greta de León, María Sprehn Malagón, and Lisa Stewart. 2001. Textiles del Suroeste norteamericano. Washington: Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies, National Museum of Natural History, and the Mexico-North Research Network. [http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/textiles/espanol/gallery/index.htm]. Professional Events Organized Merrill, William L. 2001. The Project on Diversity in the Sierra Tarahumara Diversity: Fourth Planning Meeting. Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico, October 9–11. Merrill, William L. 2001. The Project on Diversity in the Sierra Tarahumara: Third Planning Meeting. Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 2001. Music and Dance in the Missions. Symposium co-sponsored by Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio and the Mexico-North Research Network, San Antonio, TX, October 27. Merrill, William L. 2000. The Sierra Tarahumara Diversity Project: Second Planning Meeting. Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Norogachi, Chihuahua, Mexico, August 25–27. Merrill, William L. 2000. The Sierra Tarahumara Diversity Project: First Planning Meeting. Sponsored by the Mexico-North Research Network, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, June 15–18. Gutiérrez Meneses, Arturo, and William L. Merrill. 1999. Comparative Uto-Aztecan Research. Symposium held at theEscuela Nacional de la Danza, Mexico City, June 14–16. Keyes, Grace, and William L. Merrill. 1997. Transformations on the Mission Frontier: Texas and Northern Mexico. Symposium co-sponsored by Our Lady of the Lake University and the Smithsonian Institution. Hosted by Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, November 6–9. Bonfiglioli, Carlo, and William L. Merrill. 1996. Simbolismo y procesos rituales en el noroeste de México: Nuevas contribuciones. XXIV Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Merrill, William L., and Anthony Shelton. 1990. Workshop on Uto-Aztecan Religion and Cosmology. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Merrill, William L. 1988. Experiencing Colonialism: Politics, Ritual, and Consciousness in the New World. Symposium organized and chaired, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Merrill, William L. 1988. Harmony and Dissonance in the Encounter: The Indigenous Viewpoint. Session chaired in the symposium Explorations, Encounters and Identities: Musical Repercussions of 1492, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Merrill, William L. 1983. Ideology, Interaction, and the Self. Session organized and chaired, Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago, IL.

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Merrill, William L. 1982. Cultural Values of Self and Society. Session chaired and introduced, Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, DC. Presentations at Professional Conferences Freeman, Jacob C., William L. Merrill, and Robert J. Hard. 2012. An Optimal Model of Labor Allocation to Foraging and Farming: Understanding Northern Uto-Aztecan Subsistence Strategies. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Memphis. Hard, Robert J., William L. Merrill, John R. Roney, and A.C. MacWilliams. 2010. Uto-Aztecan Foragers and Farmers in the Cultural History of the Desert West. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, St. Louis. Merrill, William L. 2005. La obra lingüística del padre Matthäus Steffel, S.J. Simposium on Diversidad en la unidad: Los jesuitas de habla alemana en Iberoamérica, siglos XVI-XVIII, Universidad Iberoamericana and other institutions, Mexico City, September 13. Merrill, William L. 2005. Material Culture and the Mission Experience. Seminar on The Art and Architecture of the Missions of Northern New Spain, School of American Research, Santa Fe, NM, June 29. Hard, Robert J., A.C. MacWilliams, John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2005. Long-term Ranchería Resilience in Southwestern Chihuahua, Mexico: Seeking Explanations for Persistent Dispersed Communities. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Salt Lake City, April 2. Roney, John R., Karen R. Adams, Robert J. Hard, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2004. Early Agriculture in Chihuahua. Southwest Symposium, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Roney, John R., Karen R. Adams, Robert J. Hard, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2004. Early Agriculture in Chihuahua. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Montreal, April 1. Merrill, William L. 2004. Preparing Museums and Curators for the Future. Annual Meeting of the Association of African American Museums, Raleigh, NC, August 19. MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2004. Observations on the Ceramic Period of Southern Chihuahua. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Montreal. Adams, Karen R., and William L. Merrill. 2004. Effects of Colonialism on Rarámuri Agriculture and Subsistence: Searching for Archaeological Analogs for Early Maize Farming Strategies. Gran Quivira Conference, Las Cruces, NM, October 9. Raymond, Gerry R., John R. Roney, A.C. MacWilliams, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2003. Looking for Early Maize Between the Southwest and Mesoamerica: A Field Report From Southwest Chihuahua, Mexico. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Milwaukee.

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Hard, Robert J., John R. Roney, Karen R. Adams, A.C. MacWilliams, and William L. Merrill. 2003. Recent Research to Locate Early Agricultural Remains in Southern Chihuahua. Pecos Conference, Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico,. Merrill, William L., and María Sprehn Malagón. 2002. El alcohol y los yuto-nahuas. Las Vías de Noroeste: Primer Coloquio, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, February 25. Merrill, William L., and María Sprehn Malagón. 2002. Feasting and Alcohol in the North American Southwest. Southwest Symposium, Tucson, AZ, January 12. Merrill, William L. 2002. The Mexico-North Research Network: Promoting Cross-Border Scholarly Cooperation. 9th Annual Center for Big Bend Studies Conference, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX, November 16. MacWilliams, A.C., John R. Roney, Robert J. Hard, Karen R. Adams, and William L. Merrill. 2002. Recent Reconnaissance in Southwest Chihuahua. Mogollon Conference, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Merrill, William L. 2001. The Spanish Colonial Mission System in Northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States. Symposium: The Colonial Missions of Northern New Spain, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Antonio, TX, February 21. Merrill, William L., and Catherine S. Fowler. 1999. Uto-Aztecan Color-Directional Symbolism: Steps Toward a Comparative Cosmology. Symposium on Comparative Uto-Aztecan Research, Escuela Nacional de la Danza, Mexico City, June 14. Merrill, William L. 1996. Bakánawi: Un rito ralámuli desconocido. XXIV Mesa Redonda de la Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1996. National Politics and Smithsonian Anthropology: The Tragedy of James Mooney. The 150th Year of Smithsonian Anthropology, Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco. Merrill, William L., and Catherine S. Fowler. 1994. Uto-Aztecan Color-Directional Symbolism: Steps Toward a Comparative Cosmology. International Congress of Americanists, Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden. Merrill, William L. 1994. Ralámuli: An Emerging Colonial Identity. IX Conference of Mexican and North American Historians, Mexico City. Merrill, William L. 1993. La época franciscana en la Tarahumara. IV Congreso Internacional de Historia Regional Comparada, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L., and Martha Graham. 1990. Tarahumara Residential Moves: Mobility Strategies among Subsistence Agriculturalists. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Las Vegas, NV. Merrill, William L. 1990. La doctrinación religiosa en la tarahumara colonial: Los informes de los visitadores Lizassoain y Aguirre al final de la época jesuita. II Congreso de Historia Regional 11

Comparada, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1989. The Encounter Writ Small: Cultural Creativity and Raiding Bands in Eighteenth-Century Northern New Spain. Symposium on Violence and Resistance in the Americas, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Hard, Robert J., and William L. Merrill. 1989. Mobility and Sedentism among the Tarahumara. Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Atlanta, GA. Merrill, William L. 1988. Religion, Resistance, and Cultural Transformation: The Jesuit Mission Program in Nueva Vizcaya. Symposium on Experiencing Colonialism: Politics, Ritual, and Consciousness in the New World, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Merrill, William L. 1988. The Rarámuri Appropriation of Christianity. Conference on Conversion to World Religions: Ethnographic and Historical Interpretations, Boston University, Boston, MA. Merrill, William L. 1983. Rarámuri Pragmatics and the Self. Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago, IL. Merrill, William L. 1982. The Rarámuri Stereotype of Dreams. Advanced Seminar on Dreams in CrossCultural Perspective, School of American Research, Santa Fe, NM. Bye, Robert A., Jr., and William L. Merrill. 1981. Medicinal Plants of the Sierra Madre: A Comparative Study of Tarahumara and Mexican Market Plants. Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles, CA. Merrill, William L. 1973. A Narcotic Complex in North America? . Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Anthropological Association, Burlington, VT. Hudson, Charles M., Harold Cable, and William L. Merrill. 1971. The Black Drink of the Southeastern Indians. Annual Meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory, Athens, GA. Invited Lectures Merrill, William L. 2008. La diversidad lingüística y biológica. Roundtable: Las lenguas indígenas americanas en riesgo de desaparición, Museo Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, September 18. Merrill, William L. 2006. Welcome. Primer Encuentro Binacional sobre Lenguas Indígenas, co-sponsored by the Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas and the Mexico-North Research Network, Mexico City, September 19. Merrill, William L. 2005. Connecting Cultures in Change: A Binational Perspective. San Diego Community College District, San Diego, CA, November 14. Merrill, William L. 2005. The Interpretation and Representation of Latino Cultures at the National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institute for the Interpretation and Representation of Latino Cultures, Washington, DC, June 23.

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Merrill, William L. 2004. Spirituality and Ritual Among the Tarahumara of Northern Mexico. The Center for Spirituality and the Arts, San Antonio, TX, June 15. Merrill, William L. 2003. Rarámuri Easter: Indigenous Appropriation of a Catholic Ritual in Northern Mexico. Institute of Ethnology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, December 17. Merrill, William L. 2003. Maíz, alcohol y los yuto-nahuas: Antropología e historia en México prehispánico. Centro de Estudios Ibero-Americanos, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, December 16. Merrill, William L. 2003. The U.S.-Mexican Border: Looking Back. Roundtable: México-Estados Unidos, fronteras que se desvanecen: Un enfoque antropológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Antonio, TX, September 19. Merrill, William L. 2003. México-Norte, Red de Investigación y Educación, A.C. IV Reunión Nacional de La Red Mexicana de Instituciones de Formación de Antropólogos Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, April 4. Merrill, William L. 2002. Presentation of and commentaries on Ralámuli Ra’ichábo! (Hablemos el tarahumar! Método audiovisual para el aprendizaje del idioma tarahumar, by Enrique Servín. Instituto de México, San Antonio, TX, October 25. Merrill, William L. 2001. La importancia de una perspectiva histórica para la etnografía del noroeste de México. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, May 28. Merrill, William L. 2001. La económia política de las correrías. Centro de Estudios Regionales, Unidad Chihuahua, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, and Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Centro Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, May 2. Merrill, William L. 2000. Studying Biocultural Diversity in the New Millennium. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, November 16. Merrill, William L. 2000. The Mexico-North Research Network. Centro Alameda, San Antonio, TX, November 13. Merrill, William L. 2000. Comments on Nómadas y sedentarios en el norte de México: Homenaje a Beatriz Braniff Casa de las Humanidades, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, September 19. Merrill, William L. 1999. U.S. Latinos and the Mexico-North Research Network. Symposium cosponsored by the Smithsonian Center for Latino Research and the University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, TX, January 29–30. Merrill, William L. 1999. Easter in the Sierra Tarahumara. Mexican Cultural Institute, Washington, DC, May 18. Merrill, William L. 1999. La etnohistoria en el norte de México. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, March 11. 13

Merrill, William L. 1998. The Politics of Culture and the Culture of Politics: Cross-Border Connections in the New Millennium. Encounter ’98: A Binational U.S.–Mexico Relations Forum, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX. Merrill, William L. 1998. Ralámuli Philosophy and the Challenges of the New Millennium. Hampshire College, Amherst, MA. Merrill, William L. 1998. Las misiones de la tarahumara: El periodo franciscano. Centro de Estudios Históricos, El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1998. Las misiones franciscanas en la Sierra Tarahumara. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1998. México-Norte/Red de Investigación y Educación. Seminario Interno, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Centro Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1997. Organización social y procesos históricos en el mundo rarámuri. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia Chihuahua, Mexico Merrill, William L. 1997. La dinámica de la identidad rarámuri. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia Chihuahua, Mexico Merrill, William L. 1997. Gray Robes, Black Robes: Did It Make A Difference? Symposium on Transformations on the Mission Frontier: Texas and Northern Mexico, Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX. Merrill, William L. 1996. ¿Por qué atacaron tanto los apaches? Violencia interétnica en la Nueva Vizcaya al final de la colonia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1995. Discussant, Session on: Political Practice, Discourse and Knowledge in the Sierra Madre Occidental, organized by Philip E. Coyle and Paul Liffman. Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C. Merrill, William L. 1994. The Localization of Christianity. Department of Anthropology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA. Merrill, William L. 1993. ¿Qué sueñan los indios? Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1993. Símbolos religiosos y prácticas mortuorias de los rarámuris. Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, D.F., Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1992. Simbolismo rarámuri. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1990. Los rarámuri y el desarrollo. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Merrill, William L. 1988. Liderazgo y ataques relámpago: La resistencia violenta y la formación política 14

en el norte de Nueva España durante el siglo XVIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Merrill, William L. 1988. American Indian Religion and the European Conquest: A Case from Northern Mexico. College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. Merrill, William L. 1986. Los tarahumaras después de las rebeliones: Formas de violencia en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico City.

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