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SUBMITTED BY SIMI G SUDARSANAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ROLL NO : 23 KARMELA RANI TRAINING COLLEGE, KOLLAM

MGALITHIC MONUMENTS

Megalithic means 'large stone' and in general, the word is used to refer to any huge, human-built or assembled structure or collection of stones or boulders. MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS ?

KUDAKKALLU

THOPPIKKALLU TRANSLATED AS ‘UMBRELLA STONE’, A KUDAKKAL IS A LATERITE MONUMENT WHOSE DISTRIBUTION IS CONFINED TO THE KERALA REGION (FIGS 5 AND 6). THE MONUMENT IS MUSHROOM-SHAPED, WITH AN UMBRELLA-LIKE STONE SUPPORTED BY CLINOSTATS (STONE BLOCKS ERECTED IN A SLANTING POSITION). OWING TO THEIR UNIQUE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE, KUDAKKALS ARE OFTEN USED AS CULTURAL SYMBOLS IN HERITAGE- OR HISTORY-BASED REPRESENTATIONS OF THE REGION AND IN TOURISM ADVERTISEMENTS. KUDAKKALLU A topikkal—also known as a ‘hat stone’—is a hemispherical laterite stone that is used as a lid on a burial urn . It is also unique to present-day Kerala.

PATHI MEANS ‘HOOD OF A SNAKE’. PATHIKKALS ARE UNIQUE TO THE KERALA PATHI MEANS ‘HOOD OF A SNAKE’. PATHIKKALS ARE UNIQUE TO THE KERALA REGION, AND ARE DRESSED BLOCKS OF LATERITE ARRANGED IN A WAY THAT THEY RESEMBLE A SNAKE’S HOOD, AND ARE DRESSED BLOCKS OF LATERITE ARRANGED IN A WAY THAT THEY RESEMBLE A SNAKE’S HOOD PATHYKKAL

STON E CIRCLE These are circles made of dressed or undressed granite and laterite stones which mark the location of a burial site. The stones are arranged in the form of single or multiple circles

DOLMEN A DOLMEN OR PORTAL TOMB IS A TYPE OF SINGLECHAMBER MEGALITHIC TOMB, USUALLY CONSISTING OF TWO OR MORE UPRIGHT MEGALITHS SUPPO RTING A LARGE FLAT HORIZONTAL CAPSTONE OR "TABLE".

A menhir, standing stone, or thostat, or lith is a large humanmade upright stone, MENHIR

The muthumakkathazhi or nannangadi is a megalithic burial monument in which the corpse is buried in a big urn.

NANNAGADI FOUND FROM MANY PLACES

EXCAVATION SITE OF ADICHANALLUR

SARCO PHAG US

ROCK CHAMBER

ROCK CHAMBER THE ROCK CUT CHAMBERS OF MEGALITHIC PERIOD CONTAINS THE BURIAL PARTS OF THE DEAD HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS, IRONIMPLEMENTS, STONE BEADS, POTTERIES, ETC.

BL AC K AN D RE D W AR ES Blac k and red ware Black slip ware Red ware Russet Coated Painted Ware

CIST DISCOVERED FROM KODUMANAL

IRON TOOLS DISCOVERED FROM MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS Different types of iron tools have been discovered from these megalithic monuments. They include a sword, spear, knife, hook, lamp, nail and so on