DIGITAL ALBUM

WELCOME

SUBMITTED BY NEETHU V

II ND SEMESTER PHYSICAL SCIENCE KUCTE ANCHAL WEST

SATTELITE

CONTENTS 

Introduction  Satellite  Satellite orbits  Types of satellites  Natural and artificial satellite  Communication satellites  Subsystems  History of satellites  Uses of satellites  Disadvantages  References

INTRODUCTION A satellite or artificial satellite is a object intentionally placed into orbit in outer space. Satellite have variety of uses, including communication relay ,weather forecasting ,navigating (GPS),broadcasting, scientific research, and earth observation. Additionally military uses are reconnaissance, early warning, signals intelligence and potentially, weapon delivery.

SATELLITE A satellite is a moon , planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because its orbits earth. Usually , the word “satellite’’ refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around earth or another body in space.

SATELLITE ORBITS 

The path along which satellite moves in the space around earth are calledorbits. A Satellite can move in three types of orbits namely



Synchronous orbit

It lies in the equatorial plane of the earth .This orbit is most useful orbit for communication purposes. •

Polar orbit

•

Inclined orbit

TYPES OF SATELLITES •

GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) at about 36,000km above the earth's surface.

•

LEO (Low Earth Orbit) at about 500-1500km above the earth's surface.

•

MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) or ICO (Intermediate Circular Orbit) at about 6000-20,000 km above the earth's surface.

•

HEO (Highly Elliptical orbit )

Natural and artificial satellites 

Natural : such as the moon orbiting around the earth

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Artificial: The international space station orbiting the earth

COMMUNICATION SATELLITE 

A communication satellite is an artificial satellite that transmits the signal via a transponder by creating a channel between the transmitter and the receiver at different Earth locations. Telephone, radio, television, internet, and military applications use satellite communications.

SUBSYST EMS 

Satellites are usually semi-independent computer-controlled systems. Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as power generation, thermal control, telemetry, attitude control and orbit control.

HISTORY OF SATELLITES 

The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer .This in turn triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States



Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers

SPUTNIK 1

Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika 

SPUTNIK 2 & LAIKA

USES OF SATELLITES Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include:  military and civilian Earth observation satellites    

communications satellites navigation satellites weather satellites research satellites

DISADVANTAGES 

Launching satellites into orbit is costly

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Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up.

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There is a larger propagation delay in satellite communication than in terrestrial.

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Major problem for satellites

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Positioning in orbit, stability, power, communications, harsh environment

CONCLUSION 

Satellites remain the best utilization used for communications due to their speed and other advantages mentioned

REFERENCES 

https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/communications satellite

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https://science.howstuffworks.com/satellite7.htm

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https://www.space.com/24839-satellites.html

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wikipedia