Drama 6th Semester 2016

We learn literature • • • •

We learn the life We learn the imagination We lean the reflection of life We learn how to live

drama • What is it? • Is it part of literature? The word drama comes from the Greek word for “action.” Drama is written to be performed by actors and watched by an audience.

Part of literature • Human creates it • Having similar with other literature chacarteristic • Having sereval purposes: entertaining, educating, reflecting

The diffrerence DRAMA

Consists of two types of writing

The dialogue that the characters speak

The stage directions that tell the actors how to move and speak, describing the sets and props

Can be presented in two ways

As literature, the text of the play itself

As performance, the production of the play in a theater

Example of drama script

Dramatic Structure Like the plot of a story, the plot of a play involves characters who face a problem or conflict.

Complications tension builds

Exposition characters and conflict are introduced

Climax point of highest tension; action determines how the conflict will be resolved

Resolution conflict is resolved; play ends

Dramatic Structure Conflict is a struggle or clash between opposing characters or forces. A conflict may develop . . . ❑ between characters who want different things or the same thing ❑ between a character and his or her circumstances ❑ within a character who is torn by competing desires

Tragedy A tragedy is a play that ends unhappily. • Most classic Greek tragedies deal with serious, universal themes such as right and wrong justice and injustice life and death • Tragedies pit human limitations against the larger forces of destiny.

Tragedy The protagonist of most classical tragedies is a tragic hero. This hero pride

• is noble and in many ways admirable • has a tragic flaw, a personal failing that leads to a tragic end

rebelliousness

jealousy

Comedy A comedy is a play that ends happily. The plot usually centers on a romantic conflict. boy meets girl

boy loses girl

boy wins girl

Comedy The main characters in a comedy could be anyone:

nobility

townspeople

servants

Comedy • Comic complications always occur before the conflict is resolved.

• In most cases, the play ends with a wedding.

Modern Comedy • Modern Comedies – In modern comedies, the genders in this romantic plot pattern sometimes are reversed.

Modern Drama A modern play • may be tragedy, comedy, or a mixture of the two • usually focuses on personal issues • usually is about ordinary people

Writing a playscript

It is a dark, cold night and Mel and Sid are sitting on a green park bench. The street lights are dim and the sound of the traffic can just be heard in the background.

Setting the scene

Mel: Ooh its so cold out here, do you think it might rain? Sid: (Shrugs his shoulders) Dunno. Mel: Not very talkative tonight are you? What’s up? Sid: (Huffs and stretches legs out) Dunno.

Mel: I was thinking about my holiday, (looks up to the sky) all that sun and luxury. Sid: Dunno what for, it ain’t ever gonna ‘appen.

It is a dark, cold night and Mel and Sid are sitting on a green park bench. The street lights are dim and the sound of the traffic can just be heard in the background. Mel: Ooh its so cold out here, do you think it might rain? Sid: (Shrugs his shoulders) Dunno. Mel: Not very talkative tonight are you? What’s up? Sid: (Huffs and stretches legs out) Dunno. Mel: I was thinking about my holiday, (looks up to the sky) all that sun and luxury. Sid: Dunno what for, it ain’t ever gonna ‘appen.

Characters, when they speak you don’t need speech marks!

It is a dark, cold night and Mel and Sid are sitting on a green park bench. The street lights are dim and the sound of the traffic can just be heard in the background. Mel: Ooh its so cold out here, do you think it might rain? Sid: (Shrugs his shoulders) Dunno. Mel: Not very talkative tonight are you? What’s up? Sid: (Huffs and stretches legs out) Dunno. Mel: I was thinking about my holiday, (looks up to the sky) all that sun and luxury. Sid: Dunno what for, it ain’t ever gonna ‘appen.

Stage directions, tell the actors what to do on stage.

It is a dark, cold night and Mel and Sid are sitting on a green park bench. The street lights are dim and the sound of the traffic can just be heard in the background. Mel: Ooh its so cold out here, do you think it might rain? Sid: (Shrugs his shoulders) Dunno. Mel: Not very talkative tonight are you? What’s up? Sid: (Huffs and stretches legs out) Dunno. Mel: I was thinking about my holiday, (looks up to the sky) all that sun and luxury. Sid: Dunno what for, it ain’t ever gonna ‘appen. What the actors say. (Dialogue.)

It is a dark, cold night and Mel and Sid are sitting on a green park bench. The street lights are dim and the sound of the traffic can just be heard in the background. Mel: Ooh its so cold out here, do you think it might rain? Sid: (Shrugs his shoulders) Dunno. Mel: Not very talkative tonight are you? What’s up? Sid: (Huffs and stretches legs out) Dunno. Mel: I was thinking about my holiday, (looks up to the sky) all that sun and luxury. Sid: Dunno what for, it ain’t ever gonna ‘appen.

Sound, a drama elements

• Modern theatrical practice relies on sound to assist in a number of ways. It can be useful in creating atmosphere or mood. Actors and their bodies can construct effective sound in performance. Small props can also create sound effects that can be used live during a show. Other uses of sound involve the implementation of technology, such as instrumental recordings, soundscapes and sound effects on CD.

use of sound in a dramatic performance • sound can be created via exaggerated breathing or sighing • sound can be created via a performer interacting with objects or props • sound can be created by using the voice to create a myriad of sounds (eg. whoosh) • sound can be created by using the body (limbs, feet etc.) for stomping, dragging feet and more • sound can assist in the creation of tension, mood and changes in rhythm in a performance • sound can be used to create a setting and develop character (eg. the typical teenage yawn) • sound can assist in the visualisation of imaginary objects and props in a performance • a complete lack of sound (silence) can also be very effective in a drama - S

You can download the sound effect at

http://www.freesfx.co.u k/