‫�سل�سلة ال�شامل لالختبارات اللغوية‪...‬‬

‫�ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫باللغة ا ب�سط‬ ‫ل‬ ‫العمليتتقمكن من العفهربية‬ ‫ا�س ودقة م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و�‬ ‫رجاع المعل سرعة‬ ‫ومة‬

‫كفايات اللغة اإلنجليزية الشامل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫قل‬

‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫لف‬

‫ي‬

‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫مل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ير‬

‫ك‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ال�ش‬

‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫يا� و‬ ‫�سط‬

‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫دة‬

‫‪St‬‬ ‫‪an‬‬ ‫‪En da‬‬ ‫‪gli rd‬‬ ‫‪sh ize‬‬ ‫‪Pr d‬‬ ‫‪ofi Te‬‬ ‫‪cie st‬‬ ‫‪nc of‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬

‫ت�ستخدم نتائج االختبار لأغرا�ض عدة‪ ،‬منها‪:‬‬ ‫ •التقديم على �أق�سام اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫ •االلتحاق ببرامج لغة �إنجليزية تتنا�سب مع م�ستوى الطالب‪.‬‬ ‫ •الإعفاء من مقررات لغة �إنجليزية في برنامج درا�سي‪.‬‬ ‫ •متطلب للتقديم على برنامج درا�سات عليا‪.‬‬ ‫ •االلتحاق ببع�ض الكليات الع�سكرية‪.‬‬ ‫ •معلمو اللغة الإنجليزية الراغبون في الح�صول على �شهادة‪.‬‬ ‫ •الراغبون في االلتحاق ببع�ض الوظائف التي تتطلب �إجادة اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬

‫ت�أليف‪ /‬د‪�.‬أمل عائ�ض يحيى القحطـاني‬

‫�سل�سلة ال�شامل لالختبارات اللغوية‪...‬‬

‫�ش‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫باللغة ا �سط‬ ‫لتتمكن ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫من ة‬ ‫الع‬ ‫ا�س ميق ودقة الفهم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و�‬ ‫رجاع المعل سرعة‬ ‫ومة‬

‫كفايات اللغة اإلنجليزية الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫‪Standardized Test of English Proficiency‬‬ ‫ت�ستخدم نتائج االختبار لأغرا�ض عدة‪ ،‬منها‪:‬‬ ‫ •التقديم على �أق�سام اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫ •االلتحاق ببرامج لغة �إنجليزية تتنا�سب مع م�ستوى الطالب‪.‬‬ ‫ •الإعفاء من مقررات لغة �إنجليزية في برنامج درا�سي‪.‬‬ ‫ •متطلب للتقديم على برنامج درا�سات عليا‪.‬‬ ‫ •االلتحاق ببع�ض الكليات الع�سكرية‪.‬‬ ‫ •معلمو اللغة الإنجليزية الراغبون في الح�صول على �شهادة‪.‬‬ ‫ •الراغبون في االلتحاق ببع�ض الوظائف التي تتطلب �إجادة اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬

‫ت�أليف‬

‫د‪�.‬أمل عائ�ض يحيى القحطـاني‬

õ«ªàdGh AÉ£©dG øe IÒ°ùe

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CG ë≤dG πe ‫حقوق الن�شر محفوظة‬

‫ب‬ ‫�‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫الرحيم‬

‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫}‬ ‫ﮀ ﮁﮂ‬ ‫ﮉ‬ ‫ﮊ‬ ‫ﮋ‬ ‫ﮌ‬

‫{‬

‫ﮃ‬ ‫ﮄ‬ ‫ﮅ‬ ‫ﮆ‬ ‫ﮇﮈ‬ ‫(�سو‬

‫رة البقرة‪�-‬آية ‪)32‬‬

‫�صدق اهلل العظيم‬

‫�إهداء‬

‫�إلى «روح �‬ ‫أب‬ ‫ي»‬ ‫ال‬ ‫طا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وا‬ ‫لتى وارى ج�سده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‪،‬‬ ‫درجاته‪ ،‬ويعفو‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�‬ ‫س�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وي‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫يت‬ ‫�ص‬ ‫قب‬ ‫�إلى «�أمي الغالية» التي تعهد حبة النبيين وال�صدقين وال�شهداء‪ ,‬ل دعواتي له ب�أن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫زل‬ ‫ه‪،‬‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫فع‬ ‫وح‬ ‫تني‬ ‫بالرعاية والتربية وكان بحق مكان �سن �أوالئك رفيقا‪.‬‬ ‫من �أجلي و�أخوت‬ ‫ي‪،‬‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�‬ ‫س�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الدنيا والآخرة‪ ،‬و�أن يجزل ل مد في عمرها في طاعته‪ ،‬ويجزها والأم‪ ،‬والتي �أفنت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�‬ ‫شبابها‬ ‫ها العطاء‪.‬‬ ‫عني وعن �أخوتي‬ ‫و‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫بن‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫نا‬ ‫«�أخي و�أخواتي و�أ‬ ‫بن‬ ‫خي‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫م»‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫زا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وه‬ ‫م‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫�إلى «زوجي العزيز» �سندي في هلل من ف�ضله و�أنعم‬ ‫ع‬ ‫لي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ه‬ ‫دا‬ ‫يت‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الملمات وع‬ ‫و�سلم»‬ ‫طاعته و�سدد عل‬ ‫�إل خيركم خيركم لأهله‪ ،‬و�أنا خيركم �ضدي في النائبات‪ ،‬من تمثل فيه ب ى الخير خطاهم‪.‬‬ ‫ى «�أبنائي‬ ‫لأهلي» ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫حق قول الر‬ ‫زا‬ ‫م‬ ‫�‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫�‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫�‬ ‫ؤا‬ ‫د‬ ‫صل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ي»‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫�صالحكم‪ ،‬ويطعمني برك د الملك وعبد اهلل وعبد العزيز و�أ رفعة في الدنيا ‪ ،‬و‬ ‫ال‬ ‫جن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‪.‬‬ ‫�إلى «كل المخل�صين م‪ ،‬و�أن يجعلكم لل‬ ‫خواتهم‪� ،‬أ�س�أل ا‬ ‫مت‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫قي‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫�‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‪.‬‬ ‫ين‬ ‫ي‬ ‫والمخل�صا‬ ‫ت»‬ ‫بكم ويرزقني‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫خ‬ ‫�‬ ‫صن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫�إلى «كل من قر�أ‬ ‫بدعوة �أو‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�‬ ‫ؤل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫�ص‬ ‫ي»‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ح‪،‬‬ ‫ال‬ ‫�‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ست‬ ‫ق‬ ‫كم اهلل ورزقكم‬ ‫والآخرة‪ ،‬و�أن يكون خال�صا لو فادة واال�ستزادة‪،‬‬ ‫زادكم اهلل من ف�ضله‪ ،‬وجعل ما ما ت�أملون وزيادة‪.‬‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫هه الكريم‪ ...‬الله‬ ‫عل‬ ‫م‬ ‫�‬ ‫آ‬ ‫من‬ ‫اه‬ ‫مي‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‪.‬‬ ‫نا‬ ‫زا‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي الدنيا‬

‫د‪� .‬أمل‬

‫عائ�ض‬ ‫يحيى القحطاني‬

‫طلبي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ل من‬ ‫ي‬ ‫�‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال�‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي بالرحمة‪ ،‬ولوالدت ب!!! �أن ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ع‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ي بط‬ ‫و‬ ‫بالدعاء‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫في طاعته‪.‬‬

‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ز‬ ‫م‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ك من الآن‬

‫عزيزي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫عزيزتي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ ‫لدين� �‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بي� �ة في ج‬ ‫م‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫من الم�ؤ�س�‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�‬ ‫لل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫‪ ،‬ب�ش� �‬ ‫دريب الت‬ ‫يم‬ ‫هادات معتمدة‬ ‫كنك حجز مقعدك بنف�س قني والمهني‪.‬‬ ‫ك عن طري‬ ‫ق‬ ‫(‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫�‬ ‫ص‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫نا‬ ‫‪.com‬‬ ‫�أو عن طريق الوات� ‪ /abna-almostaqbal‬ء الم�ستقبل )‬ ‫س �آ‬ ‫‪/https:/‬‬ ‫ب على الرقم‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0534‬‬

‫تيوا�صل معنا‬

‫مكنك متابع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن دورات و‬ ‫م‬ ‫�‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫(دورات وم‬ ‫�‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫عل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ق‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫لتلجرام‬ ‫ة قيا�س)‬ ‫على قنا‬ ‫ة االن�ستجرام‬

‫‪taqbl‬‬

‫‪lmos‬‬ ‫‪abnaa_e‬‬

‫في حال ر‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د على‬ ‫يمكنك متابعة خبيرة قيا ا�ستف�سارتك‪:‬‬ ‫�س على ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬

‫‪@AmalQ‬‬

The definition of testing: This means the test required level of proficiency of the student and the student; objective ways . Test components: consists of 100 questions along with experimental questions are not included in the calculation of grade student, and distributed the questions on the following components in the proportions mentioned: comprehension 40% Grammatical structures 30% Understanding Audio 20% Analysis of writing 10% Test objectives: 1. admission to the departments of English. 2. exemption from certain decisions in English. 3. determine the level of those who wish to enroll in English language programs. 4. to give the general test takers certificates level in English; for use in the fields of teaching, or enroll in graduate programs, or the field of business, and other fields. Beneficiaries of the test: 1. Applicants students to English sections. 2. Students wishing to enroll in English language programs at levels commensurate with level in the English language. 3. Students seeking to exempt from the decisions of the English language in their programs of study. 4. Applicants students to graduate programs. 5. English teachers who seek to obtain a certificate. 6. persons who seek to get jobs in the private sector. Questions: 1. questions of multiple choice type: each question is followed by four choices (a, b, c, d) The student chooses from among them the correct answer. 2. the total time of the test (the actual test and instructions) of around three hours.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

5

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫تعريف باالختبار‪:‬‬ ‫يعنى هذا االختبار بتحديد‪ ‬م�ستوى‪ ‬الكفاية‪ ‬في اللغة الإنجليزية‪ ‬لدى الطالب والطالبة؛ بطرق مو�ضوعية‪.‬‬ ‫مك ِّونات االختبار ‪:‬‬ ‫يتكون‪ ‬االختبار‪ ‬م���ن ‪� 100‬س����ؤال �إلى جان���ب �أ�سئلة تجريبية ال تدخ���ل في ح�ساب درج���ة الطالب‪ ،‬وتو َّزع‬ ‫الأ�سئلة على المك ِّونات الآتية بالن�سب المذكورة‪:‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬ ‫فهم‪ ‬المقروء‪%40                       ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫التراكيب النحوية‪%30              ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫فهم‪ ‬الم�سموع‪%20                     ‬‬ ‫تحليل الكتابة ‪%10                  ‬‬ ‫�أهداف االختبار‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 .1‬القبول في �أق�سام اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫‪2 .2‬الإعفاء من مقررات معينة في اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫‪3 .3‬تحديد م�ستوى من يرغب في االلتحاق ببرامج للغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫‪�4 .4‬إعطاء عم���وم المتقدمين لالختبار �شهادات‪ ‬م�ستوى كفايتهم ف���ي اللغة‪ ‬الإنجليزية؛ ال�ستعمالها في‬ ‫مجاالت التدري�س‪� ،‬أو االلتحاق ببرامج الدرا�سات العليا‪� ،‬أو مجال الأعمال‪ ،‬وغيرها من المجاالت‪.‬‬ ‫الم�ستفيدون من االختبار‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 .1‬الطالب المتقدمون لأق�سام اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫‪2 .2‬الطالب الراغبون االلتح���اق ببرامج اللغة الإنجليزية في م�ستويات تتنا�سب مع م�ستوى كفايتهم في‬ ‫اللغة الإنجليزية‪.‬‬ ‫‪3 .3‬الطالب ال�ساعون �إلى الإعفاء من مقررات باللغة الإنجليزية في برامجهم الدرا�سية‪.‬‬ ‫‪4 .4‬الطالب المتقدمون لبرامج الدرا�سات العليا‪.‬‬ ‫‪5 .5‬معلمو اللغة الإنجليزية ال�ساعون للح�صول على �شهادة‪.‬‬ ‫‪6 .6‬الأ�شخا�ص ال�ساعون للح�صول على وظائف‪ ‬في القطاع الخا�ص‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬الأ�سئلة‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 .1‬الأ�سئلة من نوع االختيار من متعدد ‪ ,‬كل �س�ؤال تتبعه �أربعة اختيارات ( ‪، c ، b ، a‬‬ ‫الطالب من بينها الإجابة ال�صحيحة‪.‬‬ ‫‪2 .2‬الزمن الكلي لالختبار ( االختبار الفعلي والتعليمات ) يبلغ حوالى ثالث �ساعات‪.‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫) يختار‬

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫�أوقات التقديم لالختبار‪:‬‬ ‫يقدم االختبار ثالث مرات في العام ‪ ,‬وتعلن‪ ‬مواعيد االختبارات​‪ ‬على‪ ‬الموقع الإلكتروني‪http://www.qiyas.sa‬‬ ‫‪ ‬لمزيد من المعلومات‪ ,‬وللح�صول على الأمثلة يمكن الرجوع ل�صفحة‪ ‬الن�شرات والإ�صدارات‪.‬‬ ‫اال�ستعداد لالختبار‪:‬‬ ‫ال يعتم���د االختب���ار اعتمادًا مبا�ش ًرا عل���ى المعلومات التي يح�ص���ل عليها المختبر م���ن المقررات �أثناء‬ ‫درا�ست���ه �أو من كت���ب �أو مراجع محددة؛ وعليه فهو ال يحتاج �إلى ا�ستع���داد �سابق بل يعتمد على ح�صيلته‬ ‫ف���ي اللغة الإنجليزية من خالل التجارب الحياتية المتراكمة من درا�سة وا�ستخدام للغة‪ .‬ومن ال�ضروري‬ ‫االطالع على طريقة الأ�سئلة وكيفية الإجابة عليها‪ .‬ومما ي�ساعد المختبر في �أداء االختبار معرفة طبيعة‬ ‫االختبار وجوانبه الدقيقة وال�صحيحة من على موقع المركز الوطني للقيا�س‪.‬‬ ‫�أوقات عقده‪:‬‬ ‫االختبار محو�سب‪ ،‬وهو مفتوح على مدار العام‪ .‬حيث يمكن للمختبر الت�سجيل في �أي وقت من ال�سنة في‬ ‫المكان المنا�سب له عن طريق الموقع الإلكتروني للمركز‪.‬‬ ‫�إر�شادات عامة‪:‬‬ ‫ •احر����ص �أن يك���ون ح�ضورك في الم���كان واليوم والموعد ال���ذي �سجلت فيه لدخ���ول االختبار‪ .‬وعند‬ ‫َوجه �إلى الم�س�ؤول عن قاعة االختبار ليوجهك �إلى المكان المخ�ص�ص لك‪.‬‬ ‫ح�ضورك لمقر االختبار ت ّ‬ ‫ •�إذا كان لدي���ك ا�ستف�س���ار �أو طل���ب م�ساع���دة‪ ،‬ما علي���ك � اّإل �أن ترف���ع يدك لي�أتي م���ن ي�ساعدك من‬ ‫الم�شرفين‪.‬‬ ‫ •جميع �أ�سئلة االختبار من نوع االختيار من متعدد ( ‪ ،) d ، c ، b ، a‬عدا التعبير الكتابي‪.‬‬ ‫ •ال ي�سمح با�صطحاب الآلة الحا�سبة‪� ،‬أو �أي �آلة تعمل عمل الآلة الحا�سبة لأن �أ�سئلة االختبار ال تحتاج‬ ‫لها‪.‬‬ ‫ •الزم���ن ال�ل�ازم لأداء االختبار �ساعتان ون�صف (‪ )2:30‬تقريبا ح�س���ب �أداء الطالب‪ ،‬حيث االختبار‬ ‫على الحا�سب الآلي‪.‬‬ ‫ •يتطل���ب االختب���ار و�صول الطالب قبل موعد االختبار بـ (‪ )15‬دقيقة‪ .‬وعلى الطالب �أن يكون م�ستع ًّدا‬ ‫للجلو�س قرابة (‪� )2:45‬ساعتين وخم�س و�أربعين دقيقة‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Contents ‫المحتويات‬ Topics ‫املو�ضوعات‬ Chapter One: Level Test

9

Chapter Two: Reading Comprehension

33

Chapter Three: Structure

55

Chapter Four: Compositional Analysis

145

Chapter Five: Listening comprehension

169

Chapter six: Vocabulary

193

‫عليكم‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫فهر�س ب‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫كام����ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫م‬ ���� ‫و‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ كم����ا �ضع ت�صور‬,‫ن مراجعته‬ ‫�سرع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ُ�ساع‬ ‫على العن‬ � ‫ص‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دكم على‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ . ‫طلوب‬

8

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‫‪Level‬‬ ‫‪Test‬‬

‫‪Chapter One‬‬

‫‪Level Test‬‬

‫يه��دف ه��ذا الفص��ل إل��ى قي��اس تمك��ن‬ ‫الممتح��ن م��ن اللغة اإلنجليزي��ة بوجه عام‬ ‫وللوقوف على مستواه الحقيقي قبل البدء‬ ‫في اختبار ‪STEP‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

LEVEL TEST (1( ‫اختبار حتديد املستوى األول‬ .‫ سؤال ستساعدك على الحصول على فكرة عامة حول مستواك في اللغة اإلنجليزية‬50 ‫يتكون هذا االختبار من‬

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10

your name? a Why’s c How’s

.......

b What’s d Who’s

old are you? a Who b What c How d When

........

Choose the right form a I’m 17 years old. c I are 17 years old.

b I have 17 years old. d I’ve 17 years.

This is........ interesting book. a the b a c an d it’s Choose the right form a They’re beautiful girls. c They’re beautifuls girls.

b They’re girls beautiful. d They’re girls beautifuls.

John and I......... English. a we are c we

b are d am

Choose the right form a I’ve cold. c I are cold.

b I has cold. d I’m cold.

Italian? a You are b Is you c You d Are you

.......

There........... ten students in the class. a is b are c be d am Is this your pen? a No, not. c No, it isn’t.

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b No, isn’t. d No, it not.

Level Test 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

choose the right form a What means this word? c What does this word mean?

b What does mean this word? d What is this word mean?

We can’t go out now.......... a It rains. c It rain.

b It’s raining. d It raining.

Choose the right form a Come at nine o’clock in Friday. c Come at nine o’clock on Friday.

b Come on nine o’clock on Friday. d Come at nine o’clock at Friday.

Choose the right form a What you are doing? c What are you doing?

b What’s you doing? d What are you do?

She usually........ to bed at about 11:30. a go b is going c does go d goes There are........ people here already. a a few c much

b a little d a lot

How long.......? a waited he c he waited

b did he waited d did he wait

Did Tim and Mark win the match? a No, they not. c No, they didn’t.

b No, they did. d No, they don’t.

I came to England ......... English. a for learn b for to learn c to learn d to learning I enjoy ......... early. a to get up c to getting up

b getting up d get up

Choose the right form a Where they have gone? c Where have they went?

b Where have they gone? d Where have they go?

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

11

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31

12

Choose the right form a I’ve never be to America. c I’ve never been to America.

b I never been to America. d I never was to America.

Choose the right form a They didn’t arrived yet. c They hasn’t arrived yet.

b They haven’t arrive yet. d They haven’t arrived yet.

English since I was twelve. a I’m learning b I’ve learned c I learn d I’ve been learning

.........

I was in England........ two weeks. a during b for c in d on When I looked out of the window,............ a it was raining b it were raining c it rained d it’s raining What........ at ten o’clock when I phoned? a did you do b you were doing c were you doing d did you You........speak perfect English to get the job. a don’t have to b mustn’t c don’t have d not have to English ......... all over the world. a are spoken c is spoke

b is spoken d is speaking

The match......... on Saturday. a is going to play b is going to be played c is playing d is going to be playing Choose the right form a You’d pass the exam, if you will work harder. b You passed the exam, if you worked harder. c You’ll pass the exam, if you would work harder. d You’d pass the exam, if you worked harder.

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Level Test 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

this letter for me. a I want that you post c I want you post

........

b I want you to post d I want you posting

They didn’t ask........ to their party. a that I come c me for to come

b me come d me to come

I didn’t speak to.......... a anybody c nobody

b anything d somebody

I ........ some old photos of you last night. a coming across b came across c come for by d came through at Where were you ...........? a brought up c brought to up

b bring up d bringing through

Have you ever had to ........ an excuse for arriving late? a doing up b do up c made up d make up Do you get ...... traffic in the morning? a catch up b caught up in c catching up d caught by in I’m really ...... of this bad weather. a feed up b fed at c fed up d feeding up What would you have studied if you ...... studied maths? a hadn’t b have c hadn’t had d hasn’t I will have to get used to ......... early. a get up b getting up c got up d gotten up What did you ...... last weekend? a getting up to c got up with

b get up to d get up by

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

13

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 43 44 45

46 47 48 49 50

Have you ever been in a situation where you were ......? a out of your deep b out deep your c out in a profound d out of your depth You do long hours here. So, what do you do to ...... your day? a break separate b broke up c break by d break up I’ve heard that the government is going to ...... a new law to control weapons. a bring in b bringing in c bring at d brought at She has ........ any involvement in the scheme. a denied b deny c negatively d grated The teacher had to leave the class because the children were ........ a playing up b playing at c play up d playing for bad We’re going to have to ......... the date of the project. a bring up to b bringing for c bring forward d brought to Don’t .... the subject of arms control when she’s around. a playing up b bring to c bring up d bringing up The man ..... in the heat. a passed out

c pass by out

14

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b passing out

d passed in at

Level Test Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

34

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

35

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

36

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

37

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

38

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

39

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

40

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

41

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

42

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

43

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

44

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

45

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

46

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

47

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

48

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

49

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

50

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

15

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

LEVEL TEST (2( ‫اختبار تحديد المستوى األول‬ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

16

I haven’t got ...... a no brothers or sisters c any brothers or sisters

b brothers or sisters d some brothers and sisters

We haven’t got ..... honey a a lot b little c too d much I have Flamenco classes ...... a on Saturday afternoons c at Saturday afternoons

b in Saturday afternoons d by Saturday afternoons

David is the boss, you need to speak to ..... a it b him c her d them I wanted an orange car, but they only had ..... a a one red b one red c a red one d a red Choose the right form a Mark usually eats fast. c Mark fast usually eats.

b Mark fast eats usually d Mark usually fast eats

The party was a disaster. There ..... there! a wasn’t nobody b was anybody c was nobody d was somebody Choose the right form a Taking train what you are? c Are you what train taking?

b What train taking are you? d What train are you taking?

Which pen do you want? a A one blue b One blue c a blue d The blue one. I'm going out .......some cigarettes a to buying c to buy

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b for buying d for to buy

Level Test 11 12 13 14 15

16 17

18 19 20

He says he's been robbed. He can't find his wallet............ a not anywhere. b nowhere. c anywhere. d somewhere. ..... orange juice in the fridge. a There isn’t no c There isn’t any

b There is any d There aren’t no

He goes to work..... a by taxi c with taxi

b on taxi d in taxi

We haven’t got ..... mineral water. a a lot b little c too d much Choose the right form a Where playing Manchester United? b Where is playing Manchester United? c Where is Manchester United playing? d Where playing is Manchester United? I wanted a purple bike but they only had ..... a a one green b one green. c a green one d a green Choose the right form a Give the Joan money b Give the money to Joan. c Give to Joan the money d Give the money at Joan I haven’t seen your cousin .....over a year. a since b ___ c for d during The door can’t be broken! he ..... a is just fixed it. c just fix it.

b have just fixed it. d has just fixed it.

We're really looking forward ..... on holiday. a to go b going c go d to going

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

17

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

18

On a windy morning, I arrived ....Chicago Airport. a in b on c at d by We were surprised that there ..... queues outside the cinema a were any b weren't no c were no d not were That can't be Albert! I............. a have just seen him c just see him.

b am just seen him. d am just seen him.

Micheal ....for the Bank since last year. a did work b has worked c does work d works Have you made supper ..... ? a already c now

b still d yet

If I didn't have to work, I ........ the beach. a will move to b have moved to c would move to d would have moved to They weren’t invited to the party, and nor .... I. a weren’t b was c were d wasn't I haven’t had lunch with my mother ..... a year. a since b from c for d during He’s looking forward ..... that film. a to see b seeing c see d to seeing Don’t start ..... a to shouting! c shout!

b shouting! d in shouting!

He works at the theatre, .....? a doesn’t he? c isn’t he?

b does he? d didn’t he?

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Level Test 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

40 41 42

If I won the lottery, I ........ a house in the country. a will buy b have bought c would buy d would have bought Peter is ..... Jane to do it at this very moment a telling b saying c saying to d telling to They weren’t surprised and nor .... I. a weren’t b wasn't c were d was That's the boy ..... I met at the party! a) whom b whose c what d who ..... is it from Dublin to Barcelona? a How far c How much distance

b How long d How many

His wedding is the ..... of my problems! What about my car bills? . a fewer b less c last d least I wouldn’t mind .....the baby tonight. a to look after b look after c looking after d to looking after What have I done with my wallet? I don't remember.......it anywhere last night. a to see b saw c did see d seeing You don't look very well. Maybe you ..... see a doctor. a need b have c should have d ought to I thought you ..... a will going to help me. c go to help me.

b were going to help me. d have go to help me.

After his girlfriend left him, his boss was the .......of his worries a less b least c fewer d last

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

19

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 43

44 45

46 47 48 49 50 51 52

20

«I'm just going out for an ice cream .............get one for you too?'' “That would be nice of you!” a Do I b Shall I c Will I d Do I have How long have you worked here? I don't remember......you before. a did meet b meeting c to meeting d to meet I thought you ..... a were going to have lunch with us. b go to have lunch with us c should to go d may have gone This is the cat ..... I saw. a whom c what

b when d that

I can't say for sure, but I think she......back to Mexico. a may gone b might gone c should to go d may have gone I ..... working at night nowadays. a used to b used c am used to d would I have to catch the 5.00am train tomorrow, so I ..... go to bed early. a needn't b haven’t c have to d have had to The man ..... in the corner is my boss. a whose b sitting c is sitting d sits Don’t forget ..... those letters. a to post b posting c to posting d post Choose the right form a Ask your mother when b Ask your mother when c Ask your mother when d Ask your mother when

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will be ready lunch. will be lunch ready. lunch will be ready. will lunch ready be.

Level Test 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

60 61

62

It's a pity you didn't come to the Exhibition. You .... It. a would like b had liked c would have liked d will like If I ....... going to enter the competition, I would have done by now. a am b were c would be d would been I wish I ..... paid more attention to my English teacher. a have b would have c had d had had David walked by us ....... he didn't know us! a like b as if he were c as if d as Not mentioning anyone.... , but who left the door open all night? a especially b specially c in particular d himself If I ..... you, I’d take the risk. a am b have been c were d would be Choose the right form a Ask her when will be ready the food. b Ask her when will be the food ready. c Ask her when the food will be ready. d Ask her when will the food ready be. I couldn’t mend the PC myself, so I ..... at a shop. a had it mended b had it mend c did it mend d had mended Choose the right form a That’s a brown, attractive leather coat. b That’s a brown leather coat attractive. c That’s an attractive leather brown coat. d That’s an attractive brown leather coat. ..... but I realised what he had done a Little did he know c Little he knew

b Little known d Little knowing

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

21

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 63 64 65 66 67 68

22

I know he didn’t thank you, but he ..... have done so. a must b may c might d should They laughed a lot last night. The film ..... very funny. a should have been b must have been c was to be d should be ..... waiting any longer. They are clearly not coming. a There is no use b It is no point c It is no use d It is usefulness If only I had had the courage to do this ...... a years back b for years c since years d in years Let’s go to the theatre, ...... a don’t we? c shall we?

b let us? d will we?

“We’ll never be able to do it” said the man to nobody ...... a especially b specially c in particular d himself

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Level Test Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

51

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

52

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

53

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

54

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

55

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

56

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

57

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

58

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

34

a

b

c

d

59

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

35

a

b

c

d

60

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

36

a

b

c

d

61

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

37

a

b

c

d

62

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

38

a

b

c

d

63

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

39

a

b

c

d

64

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

40

a

b

c

d

65

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

41

a

b

c

d

66

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

42

a

b

c

d

67

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

43

a

b

c

d

68

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

44

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

45

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

46

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

47

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

48

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

49

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

50

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

23

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

LEVEL TEST (3( ‫اختبار تحديد المستوى الثالث‬ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

24

I haven't got ................. cigarettes. a some b any c any little d few My teacher ................. English. a are b am c speak d is ................. you go to the cinema yesterday? a Have b Do c Did d When The teacher said: « Simon, please ................. the window «. a you close b closing c opened d close She ............... coming to dinner tomorrow. a will b is c shall d can The examination is ................. Tuesday. a in b by c on d at She's going to Spain ................. March. a on b in c at d by He ................. to America 5 years ago. a goes b is going c has gone d went If you ................. to Paris, you'll see the Eiffel Tower. a will go b went c go d would go He's been living in London ................. ten years. a ago b since c for d during

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Level Test 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

He came into the room while l ................. T.V. a watched b was watching c am watching d watch «I am going to a film this evening.» He said he ............ to a film that evening. a had been b went c was going d did go You ................. stop smoking or you will get ill. a ought b should c can d better I ................. English since last December. a will be learning b have been learning c am learning d learn Paper is ................. in China. a done b made c make d doing Shakespeare is ................. to understand than Agatha Christie. a difficult b most difficult c more difficult d the most difficult She's seeing him tomorrow, ................. ? a is she b isn't she c will she d won't she Peter ................. in London when he was a little boy. a lives b used to live c had lived d was living After he ................. to his girlfriend, he telephoned his mother. a would speak to b was spoken c had spoken d has spoken This time tomorrow, I ................. an exam. a will take b will be taking c am going to take d would take If you came to the party, you ................. it. a enjoyed b will enjoy c would enjoy d had enjoyed ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

25

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29

30 31

26

Portuguese ................. in Brazil. a speaks c speaking

b is spoken d will be spoken

«Have you got a light?» She asked if I ................. a light. a have b had c would have d had had After the accident, he ................. to the doctor but instead he continued to play football. a ought b should have gone c must have gone d ought have He ................. go to the theatre tonight, but he hasn't decided. a has to b might c shall d will If I ................. him, I would have told you. a have seen b saw c had seen d would have seen Peter ................. his breakfast when the letter arrived. a eating b ate c had eaten d has eaten Would you mind ................. me a lift home, please? a give b giving c to give d having given «I went to the theatre last night.» He said he ................. to the theatre that night. a went b was going c would have gone d had gone He's the man ................. dog was run over last week. a which b who is c whose d whom I wish I ................. to Spain last year. a went b had gone c will go d am going

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Level Test 32

33 34 35 36

37

38 39 40 41

That man ................. too much because he is driving very dangerously. a must drink b must be drunk c must have drunk d should He ought to stop drinking, ................. ? a ought he b oughtn't he c should he d shouldn't he She ................. her nails. I can't stand that habit of hers. a always bites b is always biting c bites d will be biting I like him because he always makes me ................. a laughing b to laugh c laugh d laughter When they came into the kitchen they were dirty because they ............ in the garden. a had played b were playing c had been playing d played If we had arrived at the station five minutes earlier, we ............. the train. a caught b would catch c would have caught d had caught Supposing you ................. her again. What would you say? a will meet b met c meeting d will have met He regrets ................. his mother about his new girlfriend. a to tell b having been told c having told d tell He might have come though, ................. ? a might he b mightn't he c hasn't he d shouldn't he Never ................. such a beautiful painting. a have seen b saw c have I seen d did I see

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

27

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

28

Don't put cream on my strawberries, I prefer them ................. a simple b ordinary c plain d usual A baker is a person who ................. bread. a is baking b bakes c baked d will bake He's going to come here................. ten o'clock. a to b at c on d in I .................my homework at the moment. a study b am doing c am making d studied ................. she play football? a Do b Does c Is d Are ................. aren't any books in the classroom. a They b There c Here d These I'm thirsty. I ................. a drink. a am b like c have d need There is ................. butter in the fridge. a a few b some c a d many How ................. people are there in the classroom? a much b many c little d a lot She's the girl ................. always comes late. a which b she c who d who's The train ................. when we arrived at the station. a has left b had left c is leaving d was left

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Level Test 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

I have not made my bed ................. a just b ever c already d yet Martin is very ................. by football. a boring b bore c bored d bores He went to the Post Office ................. some stamps. a for buying b buy c to buy d buying If he'd come on time, he ................. the lesson. a wouldn't miss b would have missed c would miss d wouldn't have missed He ................. for 3 hours when I met him. a was walking b has been walking c had been walking d has walked He will be coming, ................. ? a will he c doesn't he

b won't he d does he

John fell ................. the window. a out b off c out of d down What about ................. to the theatre tonight? a go b going c to go d we go Would you mind if I ................. the window? a open b opened c opening d had opened «Don't write on this page.» He told me ................. write on the page. a not b don't c not to d to not Not only ................. French, but he also speaks Arabic. a he speaks b he is speaking c does he speak d he spoke

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

29

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 64 65 66

67 68 69 70 71 72 73

30

Before ................. the ring, he asked her to marry him. a to buy b buying c buy d he has bought They ................. the Olympic City by 2030. a had built b build c will have built d are building The thief ................. by the time Mr & Mrs Smith returned from holiday. a was arrested b had been arrested c is arrested d arrested ................. he is overweight, he can run quite fast. a In spite of b Even though c Even d In case I'd rather you ................. now, because I have a lot of work. a leave b left c will leave d had left He said that he ................. the news in time. a hasn't been given b isn't given c hadn't been given d isn't giving ................. being well over 95, he still rides a bike every day. a In case b Even though c In spite of d Instead of I'm thinking of going to Spain this year ................. France. a rather b instead of c unless d although «Shall we meet at the theatre?» He ................. they met at the theatre. a invited b said c suggested d asked She ................. the children instead of spending the evening in the club. a should have looked for b should have been looking after c should have looked into d should have been looking into

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Level Test 74 75 76 77

Sally ................. to the bank yet. a wasn't c hasn't been

b didn't gone d wasn't going

The reason given does not ................. your behaviour. a apologise b excuse c forgive d obliterate Although it contains many difficult words, I ......... read this book now. a can b could c may d am But I ......... have read it last year. a mayn't c can't

b couldn't d don't

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

31

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers

32

1

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

52

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

53

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

54

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

55

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

56

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

57

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

58

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

59

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

34

a

b

c

d

60

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

35

a

b

c

d

61

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

36

a

b

c

d

62

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

37

a

b

c

d

63

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

38

a

b

c

d

64

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

39

a

b

c

d

65

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

40

a

b

c

d

66

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

41

a

b

c

d

67

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

42

a

b

c

d

68

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

43

a

b

c

d

69

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

44

a

b

c

d

70

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

45

a

b

c

d

71

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

46

a

b

c

d

72

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

47

a

b

c

d

73

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

48

a

b

c

d

74

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

49

a

b

c

d

75

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

50

a

b

c

d

76

a

b

c

d

51

a

b

c

d

77

a

b

c

d

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

‫‪Reading‬‬ ‫‪Comprehension‬‬

‫‪Chapter Two‬‬

‫‪Reading‬‬ ‫‪Comprehension‬‬

‫‪33‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Reading Comprehension ‫استيعاب القراءة‬ ‫ بعد قراءة قطعة متوس��ط الطول أو في‬.STEP ‫ من العناصر في اختبار‬40٪ ‫يتضمن اس��تيعاب القراءة‬ ‫ ُيطلب من الممتحن اإلجابة على‬، )‫ قراءة قطعة قصيرة (وأحيانًا جملة واح��دة فقط‬، ‫بع��ض الح��االت‬ :‫أسئلة االختيار من متعدد التي تتضمن العديد من مهارات القراءة فيما يتعلق بمقطع القراءة‬

‫فحص‬ ‫المحتوى‬

‫تطوير‬ ‫وتفسير‬

‫إظهار الفهم‬ ‫العام‬

‫القراءة ألداء‬ ‫مهمة‬

‫معنى‬ ‫كلمة‬

Reading comprehension comprises 40% of the items on a STEP test. After a medium length reading passage or in some cases a short reading passage (sometimes only one sentence), the test-taker is asked to respond to multiple-choice questions that involve several reading skills in relation to the reading passage:

Word Meaning

34

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Reading to Perform a Task

Demonstrating

General

Understanding

Developing an Interpretation

Examining Content

Reading Comprehension Passage (1) Read the following passage, and then choose the best answer to each of the questions that follow and mark it on your answer sheet. The story of any science is a record of man’s attempts to understand the mysteries of nature. The processes of nature today are not different from those of long ago ; the change lies only in man’s comprehension in his application of these processes.. The sun and other heavenly bodies obeyed the same laws and performed the same movements in specific times as today, but only since man has understood these laws and movements he has been able to use them to find his way over the oceans by day and night. The force of gravity and the forces of electric energy have always existed, but only since man’s understanding of these things he has been able to use the water power of the rivers to produce electricity for his own use. Scientists are concerned with the composition of things and how nature makes them. Their experiments sometimes succeed and sometimes fail but their knowledge, in both cases, grows; they learn a like from failure and success. With the knowledge thus gained, they are able to make new discoveries or produce new inventions or, at least, modify the old ones in a new way. In fact , the intimate relations of science to almost every phase of modern life is beyond dispute. There is scarcely an industrial process that doesn’t owe its efficiency, if not its initiation, to science. Sauce pans of aluminum and knives of stain less steel are available only as a few of an ever – ending variety. Submarine cables and motor-cars, artificial lighting , broad casting . televisions , radar , tools, engines and machines, all owe much of their present state perfection to science. word record attempts mysteries nature comprehension application heavenly movement Gravity Electric energy failure success dispute

meaning ‫ توثيق‬- ‫تسجيل‬ ‫محاوالت‬ ‫غموض – أسرار غامضة‬ ‫الطبيعة‬ ‫ استيعاب‬- ‫فهم‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ‫سماوي‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫جاذبية‬ ‫الطاقة الكهربائية‬ ‫فشل‬ ‫النجاح‬ ‫نزاع – جدال‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

35

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Questions:

1 2 3

4

5

The best title for this passage is ........................ a industry b science c agriculture d hunting The noun from ( produce ) is ........................... a producement b producity c productive d production Scientists are concerned with the .......... of things and how nature makes them. a difference b relation c movement d clearness According to the passage , scientists ................. a always fail b never fail c sometimes fail and sometimes succeed d don’t fail The force of ................. is one of the physics aspects. a gravity b translation c traffic rules d goods

Key answers

36

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

Reading Comprehension Passage (2) Read The following passage and choose the best answer: People began to travel by plane in the 1920s, but the planes were very uncomfortable. In the 1930s, many improvements were made to aircraft. Most passengers’ planes had two engines and flew at a speed of 274 km per hour and at a height of 9000 meters. However , they only carried about 1000 liters of fuel , so they couldn’t travel very far. The flight from London to Cairo used to take 2 days. The planes could carry 20 passengers who used to sit side by side in the narrow body of the plane. They used to have meals during the flight, but there wasn’t any entertainment. Modern passengers planes , such as the Boeing 747, can carry 600 passengers in their wide bodies. These jumbo jets, as they are called, have four powerful engines and can fly at a speed of 880 km. per hour. They carry 178,000 liters of fuel in their wings so that they can travel 10,000 km. nonstop , and that is one third of the way round the world. Travelling in a modern jumbo jet is very comfortable. Hot meals are served during the flight from six kitchens on board , and there are 12 toilets for the passengers. During the flight , there is a lot for the passengers to do. They can watch a number of different films on TV, listen to music or read books and magazines. word uncomfortable improvements aircraft passengers’ planes height fuel entertainment nonstop speed

meaning ‫غير مريح‬ ‫تحسينات‬ ‫الطيران‬ ‫طائرات الركاب‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫وقود‬ ‫تسلية‬ ‫بال توقف‬ ‫سرعة‬

Questions:

1 2

The best title for this passage is ........................ a Travelling b planes in the past and present c passengers’ services d industry Planes in the past could carry ................. passengers. a 120 b 200 c 20 d 400

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

37

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 3 4 5

A modern jumbo jet has ........................ a six kitchens b two toilets c 500 passengers d eight kitchens Modern passengers planes are ................. comfortable. a less b more c because d if The adverb from ( speed ) is .................. a speedy b speedly c speedily d speed

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

Passage (3)

Read the following passage then answer the questions below: Some animals seem able to solve problems. For example, dogs and cats often find their way home long distances. To do this they have to use their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds find their way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of kilometers every year when they move from cool to warmer countries. We do not know how they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence. They do not remember places ‘ directions and then make decisions’. Young birds are able to make these journeys without help as they can fly. Many animals , however, can be taught to solve problems, especially when they are given rewards such as pigeons. Animals in circuses have been trained to do all sorts of tricks to amuse an audience. word Solve problems Long distances intelligence

38

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meaning ‫يحل مشاكل‬ ‫مسافات بعيدة‬ ‫الذكاء‬

Reading Comprehension ً ‫نسبيا‬ ‫بارد‬ ً ‫دفئا‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫اتجاه‬ ‫يتخذ قرار‬ ‫مكافأة‬ ‫حمام‬ ‫يمتع – يسلي‬ ‫مستمعين‬ ‫خدع‬

cool warmer direction Make decision rewards pigeons amuse audience tricks Questions:

1 2 3 4

5

Animals in ............ have been trained to amuse an audience. a m farms b zoos c schools d circuses The best title for this passage is .................... a animals’ life b animals’ style of life c animals in zoo d trained animals The adjective from ( distance ) is ..................... a distantly b distantefully c distanteful d distant ................. birds are able to make these journeys without help as they can fly. a smart b big c young d intelligent Some animals seem able to ............ problems. a make b have c solve d create

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

39

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Passage (4) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things. They invented machines, rockets and guns. Scientists and archeologists now agree that woman discovered one very important thing. It has changed history. They discovered agriculture. Before the discovery of agriculture, men were hunters. They went out every day. Sometimes they killed animals , sometimes animals killed them. Life was difficult and dangerous. Woman had to go out every day , too. They collected roots, fruit and grass. One day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds. She dropped them near her home. They grew and the first wheat was born. The idea grew . woman planted roots and fruit trees. They could stay at home and look after the children. Archeologists think that woman kept the first domestic animals. Their husbands did not have to go hunting for meat. They built villages and cities. Civilization began. Men began civilization after the great discovery of woman. word invented machines scientists archaeologists agriculture hunters look after domestic animals husbands Civilization discovery

meaning ‫اخترع‬ ‫آالت‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫علماء آثار‬ ‫الزراعة‬ ‫صيادين‬ ‫يعتني بـ‬ ‫حيوانات أليفة‬ ‫أزواج‬ ‫حضارة‬ ‫اكتشاف‬

Questions:

1 2 3

40

Before the discovery of agriculture , men were .................... a farmers b teachers c hunters d fishermen The best title for this passage is .................... a women roles in society b hunters c agriculture d inventions The noun from ( important ) is ..................... a importance b importantly c import d importment

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Reading Comprehension 4 5

Women planted ..................... and fruit trees. a vegetables b roots c flowers d beans The adjective from ( Civilization ) is ................... a civilize b civilized c civility d civilian

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

Passage (5) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: Most civilized societies today are exposed to complex social phenomena such as drug and drink addiction ,child abuse , neglect of the aged and all the social ills resulting from the disintegration of family ties, values and traditions. The complexities of modern life are such that material values triumphed over spiritual values. Among these ills is the phenomenon of suicide and depression due to loneliness or psychological or emotional break downs ; old age, sickness or family problems that lead people to despair. In most communities, people offer another supporting, forming non- government societies to help those attacked by such phenomena to face and overcome their problems, offering guidance and treatment that will enable them to return to a normal life. word civilized societies complex phenomena addiction child abuse neglect of the aged

meaning ‫مجتمعات متحضرة‬ ‫معقد‬ ‫ظواهر‬ ‫ادمان‬ ‫إساءة استخدام االطفال‬ ‫اهمال كبار السن‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

41

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

disintegration values and traditions complexities triumphed over material Spiritual suicide depression loneliness

‫تحطم‬ ‫قيم وعادات‬ ‫تعقيدات‬ ‫انتصرت على‬ ‫مادي‬ ‫روحي‬ ‫انتحار‬ ‫اكتئاب‬ ‫الوحدة‬

Questions:

1 2 3 4 5

The best title for this passage is............... a our society b befriending c kindness d danger One of the following is a complex social phenomena................... a agriculture b industry c addiction d driving Almost all the social ills resulting from the .......of family ties. a disintegration b integration c complement d relation The adjective from ″sickness” is.................. a sickly b sick c sickle d sicken The phenomenon of suicide due to.............................. a harmness b sickness c loneliness d guidance

Key answers

42

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

Reading Comprehension Passage (6) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: 1. Visitors to America are immediately struck by the tremendous numbers of automobiles filling the highways and crowding the city streets. The automobile, which has transformed the American way of life, is the almost indispensable workhorse of the family. During the week, the father drives it to his job in the city, alone, or in a “car pool” arrangement with several of his fellow workers. When he leaves it at home, his wife uses it constantly to do errands, to haul groceries, to drive children to lessons or appointments, to shops or swimming pools. On weekends, the family drives out to the country for a picnic lunch or may take a trip of several hundred miles. On vacations, no corner of the country is beyond the family’s reach. 2. All of America has felt the changes, which came with the automobile and with the network of highways that have been built to serve it. Farmers, who live far from their neighbors, are no longer isolated. Tractors of the work of the many farmlands they cannot afford to hire, trucks carry their products to market, to storage elevators or to railroads. 3. Traffic jams in cities and along the approaches to cities, especially at morning and evening rush hours and at the start and end of weekends, are difficult problems. How to find out enough parking space in the cities, even with underground parking lots and many-storied “pigeonhole” parking structures in another. More highways and wider ones are needed as fast as they can be built. word immediately struck tremendous highways crowding transformed indispensable workhorse arrangements Fellow workers constantly errands Haul groceries storage elevators Traffic jams approaches pigeonhole

meaning ً‫فورا‬ ‫يصاب‬ ‫هائل‬ ‫الطرق السريعة‬ ‫تزحم‬ ‫حولت‬ ‫ال غنى عنه‬ ‫العمود الفقري‬ ‫ترتيبات‬ ‫زمالء العمل‬ ‫باستمرار‬ ‫مهمات‬ ‫سحب البقالة بالقوة‬ ‫مصاعد تخزين‬ ‫ازدحام المرور‬ ‫اقتراب من‬ ‫برج الحمام‬ ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

43

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Questions:

1 2 3

4 5 6 7

The main topic of this passage is .................. . a The American Family b The American highways c Major American cities d Cars and the American Life The automobile has had .............. on the American society. a A little effect b hardly any effect c an obvious effect d no effect whatsoever The American father ........................ . a always drives alone to work b may share his car with other colleagues c drives his children to lessons d drives his wife to haul groceries The American family may spend the weekend ............ . a abroad b in downtown c out of town d in a family gathering Thanks to the automobile, all American States have become ........ a within reach b more isolated c beyond reach d torn apart Most American families .................. cars. a cannot afford b do not badly need c do not have d cannot do without The word ‘which‘ in the first line of the second paragraph refers to........ a all Americans b automobiles c changes d traffic

Key answers

44

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1

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

Reading Comprehension passage (7) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: If you are like many people, you enjoy sports in your leisure time. Many of us watch sports on TV, go to games and meets, and play tennis or golf in the time left after school or work. We may even chat about sports on the Internet. Many observers note that sports reinforce norms and values important to society, like competition and teamwork. Sports metaphors, such as «There is no I in TEAM,» teach us that success is achieved by putting the group above individual glory. Slogans like «Winners never quit and quitters never win» reinforce values of competition and working hard to get ahead. Nevertheless, organized sports have been criticized for several things. One is that they encourage potentially harmful male aggression. Another is that they direct minority students, particularly African American males, toward athletics-instead of academics-as a road to success. However, only a very small minority of high school athletes are able to support themselves through athletics. In fact, according to one estimate, only one of 12,000 high school athletes will earn money as a professional athlete; among those who make it, the average professional career lasts only three years. Nevertheless, the importance of sports in teaching and reinforcing norms and values, along with the role of sports in symbolizing and integrating communities, are important reasons why nearly every nation has encouraged athletics. word leisure time observers reinforce competition metaphors glory Slogans potentially aggression minority estimate integrating nation encourage athletics athlete

meaning ‫وقت الفراغ‬ ‫مالحظين‬ ‫تعزز‬ ‫ منافسة‬- ‫مسابقة‬ ‫استعارات‬ ‫مجد‬ ‫شعارات‬ ‫من المحتمل‬ ‫عدوان‬ ‫أقلية‬ ‫ تقدير‬- ‫يقدر‬ ‫دمج‬ ‫أمة‬ ‫يشجع‬ ‫ألعاب رياضية‬ ‫بطل رياضي‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

45

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Questions:

1

2

3 4 5

6

7

8

46

The main idea of the second paragraph is a African Americans often make excellent athletes. b emphasis on athletics may have some negative effects. c athletics prepare young people for success in life. d athletics are supported by many countries. All of the following are mentioned as positive outcomes of athletics EXCEPT a putting individual glory above group success. b integrating communities. c encouraging people to work hard to achieve success. d reinforcing the value of competition. In the first paragraph, the word norms means a types of sports. b errors to be avoided. c unusual or rare events d expected standards of behavior. In the second paragraph, the word integrating means a causing disagreement. b destroying. c representing. d bringing together. The author of this passage probably feels that a sports should be discouraged in most American schools. b athletes should be encouraged to build academic skills. c teamwork is not important to success in athletics. d playing sports makes young males much more manly. Identify the relationship between these sentences from the second paragraph. «One is that they encourage potentially harmful male aggression. Another is that they direct minority students, particularly African American males, toward athletics....» a addition b time order c cause and effect d comparison The primary purpose of this passage is to a persuade the reader that sports programs in schools need more money. b entertain the reader with anecdotes about sports figures. c argue against supporting athletic teams in high schools. d discuss the advantages and disadvantages of promoting athletics. The average professional athlete makes a living as an athlete for a 3 years. b 5 years. c 10 years. d 2 years.

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Reading Comprehension 9

10

How is the first sentence of the second paragraph («Nevertheless, organized sports have been criticized for several things.») related to the first paragraph? a It gives examples of something mentioned in paragraph 1. b It tells the cause of something mentioned in paragraph 1. c It summarizes paragraph 1. d It contrasts with paragraph 1. The author suggests that a most Americans have only a minor interest in sports. b interest in sports is declining around the world. c training youth in sports does little to prepare them for successful lives. d many Americans play sports and/or watch sports events on television.

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Passage (8) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Smith are sisters. Mrs. Wilson lives in a house in Duncan and Mrs. Smith lives in a condominium in Victoria. One day Mrs. Wilson visited her sister. When her sister answered the door, Mrs. Wilson saw tears in her eyes. «What’s the matter?» she asked. Mrs. Smith said «My cat Sammy died last night and I have no place to bury him». She began to cry again. Mrs. Wilson was very sad because she knew her sister loved the cat very much. Suddenly Mrs.. Wilson said «I can bury your cat in my garden in Duncan and you can come and visit him sometimes.» Mrs.. Smith stopped crying and the two sisters had tea together and a nice visit.  It was now five o’clock and Mrs. Wilson said it was time for her to go home. She put on her hat, coat and gloves and Mrs. Smith put the dead Sammy into a shopping bag.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

47

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Mrs. Wilson took the shopping bag and walked to the bus stop. She waited a long time for the bus so she bought a newspaper. When the bus arrived, she got on the bus, sat down and put the shopping bag on the floor beside her feet. She then began to read the newspaper. When the bus arrived at her bus stop, she got off the bus and walked for about two minutes. Suddenly she remembered she had left the shopping bag on the bus. word condominium tears died bury Suddenly gloves dead Bus stop

meaning ‫سيادة مشتركة‬ ‫دموع‬ ‫ماتت‬ ‫يدفن‬ ‫فجأة‬ ‫قفازات‬ ‫ميت‬ ‫محطة اتوبيس‬

Questions:

1 2

3

4 5

48

Where does Mrs. Smith live? a in a condominium in Duncan c in a house in Duncan

b in a condominium in Victoria d in a flat in Duncan

Why is Mrs. Smith upset? a because her sister came to see her cat b because her cat died c because Mrs. Wilson was sad d because her sister was happy. What did Mrs. Wilson do? a take the cat with her on the bus b put her gloves in the shopping bag c prepare dinner for her sister d give her sister her coat and gloves Who did Sammy the cat live with? a Mrs. Wilson c Mrs. Wilson and Mrs. Smith

b Mrs. Smith d alone.

What time did Mrs. Wilson go home? a when the bus arrived b at 5 p.m. c after she walked for two minutes d after they had tea.

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Reading Comprehension 6

7 8

How did Mrs. Wilson go home? a walked for two minutes before she caught the bus b read a newspaper on the bus c took a bus d by car What did Mrs. Wilson forget? a the newspaper c the shopping bag

b her handbag d her cat

Where did Sammy die? a in Mrs. Smith’s house in Duncan c in Victoria

b in Mrs. Wilson’s garden d in the bus stop

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

Passage (9) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: To say that Pablo Picasso dominated Western art in the 20th century is, by now, a commonplace. Before his 50th birthday, the Spaniard from Malaga had become the very prototype of the modern artist as public figure. No painter before him had had a mass audience in his own lifetime. The total public for Titian in the 16th century or Velazquez in the 17th century was probably no more than a few thousand people, although that number included most of the crowned heads, nobility, and intelligentsia of Europe. Picasso’s audience - meaning people who had heard of him and seen his work, at least in reproduction - was in the tens, possibly hundreds of millions. He and his work were the subjects of unending analysis, gossip, dislike, adoration, and rumor. word dominated century

meaning ‫سيطر – هيمن‬ ‫ سنة‬100 ‫قرن‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

49

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

commonplace prototype nobility intelligentsia reproduction analysis gossip Adoration rumor

‫ شائع‬- ‫مألوف – عادي‬ ‫النموذج المبدئي‬ ‫نبل‬ ‫النخبة المثقفة‬ ‫االستنساخ‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫ نميمة‬- ‫غيبة‬ ‫عشق‬ ‫اشاعة‬

Questions:

1

2

3 4

A prototype is a an odd type. b a standard or typical example. c a famous person. d an artist. Compared with the audiences of Titian and Velasquez, Picasso’s audience was a similar. b unknown. c huge. d outrageous. The Gk. word origin of prototype means a first impression. b replacement. c early man. d most important. Intelligentsia are a an educated and intellectual elite. c the wealthy.

b aristocrats. d customers of art.

Key answers

50

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

Reading Comprehension Passage (10) Read the following passage then answer the questions below: How long do short-term memories last? They disappear very rapidly. However, you can prolong a memory by silently repeating it, a process called maintenance rehearsal. You have probably briefly remembered an address or telephone number this way. The more times a short-term memory is rehearsed, the greater its chances of being stored in LTM. In a sense, rehearsing information allows you to «see» it many times, not just once. What if rehearsal is prevented, so a memory can’t be recycled? Without maintenance rehearsal, STM is incredibly short. In one experiment, people heard meaningless syllables like XAR followed by a number like 67. After they heard the number, subjects began counting backward by threes (so they couldn’t repeat the syllable). After only 18 seconds of delay, their memory scores fell to zero. After 18 seconds without rehearsal, the short-term memories were gone forever! Keep this in mind when you get only one chance to hear important information. For example, if you are introduced to someone and the name slips out of STM, it’s gone forever. Of course, you could try saying something like, «I’m curious, how do you spell your name?» Unfortunately, the response is often an icy reply like, «B-O-B S-M-IT-H, it’s really not too difficult.» To avoid embarrassment, pay careful attention to the name, repeat it to yourself several times, and try to use it in the next sentence or twobefore you lose it. Elaborative rehearsal, which makes information more meaningful, is a far better way to form lasting memories. Elaborative rehearsal links new information to memories that are already in LTM. When you are studying, you will remember more if you elaborate, extend, and think about information. As you read, try to frequently ask yourself «why» questions, such as, «Why would that be true?» Also, try to relate new ideas to your own experiences and knowledge. word memories last disappear rapidly prolong maintenance rehearsal prevented curious embarrassment Elaborative rehearsal

meaning ‫ذكريات‬ ‫ يبقى‬- ‫يستمر – يدوم‬ ‫يختفي‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫ يطيل‬- ‫يمد‬ ‫بروفة الصيانة‬ ‫منع‬ ‫فضولي‬ ‫احراج‬ ‫بروفة مسهبة‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

51

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Questions:

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

52

Maintenance rehearsal involves a using new information in a sentence. b making information meaningful. c silently repeating information. d counting backward by threes. According to the passage, what happens if a short-term memory is not repeated? a It is completely forgotten after 18 seconds. b It becomes a part of long-term memory (LTM). c It is never understood. d It is remembered at a later date. Which of the following ideas would the author probably recommend as a way to improve memory? a Learn new information just before going to bed. b Do memory work after a long day of studying. c Learn new facts as independent of what has been learned earlier. d Repeat someone’s name immediately after being first introduced. The overall pattern of organization for the last paragraph is a summary. b time order. c definition. d description. The author’s primary purpose is to a persuade the reader to make use of maintenance rehearsal. b discuss some effective ways to improve memory. c explain how to avoid embarrassment in meeting new people. d amuse the reader with funny stories about forgetting names. The last sentence of the second paragraph («After only 18 seconds of delay...») is a statement of a fact b opinion c question d offer How is the third sentence of the first paragraph («However, you can prolong...») related to the second sentence («They disappear very rapidly.»)? a example b cause and effect c contrast d simple listing

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Reading Comprehension 8

9

10

Why were people in an experiment with meaningless syllables asked to count backward? a They would be able to use rehearsal strategies. b They would not be able to repeat the nonsense syllable. c They would be able to concentrate better. d They would have better long-term memory. Elaborative rehearsal is a more effective than maintenance rehearsal. b less effective than maintenance rehearsal. c another name for maintenance rehearsal. d effective only for simple material. In the last paragraph, elaborate means a to summarize. b to shorten. c to give greater detail to. d to give up.

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

53

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫ا‬ ‫آل‬ ‫في ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أل‬ ‫س‬

‫واق‬

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪54‬‬

‫‪Structure‬‬

‫‪Chapter Three‬‬

‫‪Structure‬‬

‫‪55‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫التراكيب النحوية‬ ‫هذا المكون يش��كل ‪ ٪ 30‬من اختبار ‪ .STEP‬وذلك يس��تدعي من الممتحن أن يقوم باختيار اإلجابة‬ ‫الصحيحة بنا ًء على أساس القواعد الصحيحة‪ .‬قد يبدو الخيا ًر الغير صحيح ممكنًا ‪ ،‬ولكن سينتج ذلك‬ ‫عن بناء أو معنى غير مناسب‪ .‬النقاط النحوية التي يجب وضعها في االعتبار قد تكون‪:‬‬ ‫ •زمن الفعل (بما في ذلك أش��كال االفعال الغير المنتظمة‪ ،‬الحاالت الش��رطية ‪ /‬المبني للمعلوم‬ ‫والمبني للمجهول ‪ ،‬الكالم الغير مباشر ‪ ،‬واألفعال المساعدة‪.‬‬ ‫ •التوافق بين الفاعل والفعل‪.‬‬ ‫ •االستخدام الصحيح للصفات والظروف و أدوات المعرفة والنكرة ‪ ،‬وحروف الجر ‪ ،‬والجمل ‪ /‬العبارات‪،‬‬ ‫وصيغ��ة الفع��ل ‪ /‬المصادر ‪ ،‬واالس��ماء المعدودة وغي��ر المعدودة‪ .‬وبعبارة أخ��رى ‪ ،‬قد ُيطلب من‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وفقا لمجموعة كبيرة من نقاط القواعد‪.‬‬ ‫الممتحن أن يقرر اإلجابة‬ ‫األدلة التي قد تساعدك على تحديد الكلمة أو الكلمات المراد اختيارها‪:‬‬ ‫ •العالقات النحوية بما يتفق مع القواعد التي وجدت في الجملة‪.‬‬ ‫ •قد تقدم العالقات المنطقية فكرة للمساعدة في تحديد اإلجابة الصحيحة‪.‬‬ ‫ •إذا ك��ان هن��اك سؤال بخانين ‪ ،‬تأكد ﻣن أن اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟتي ﺗﺧﺗﺎرها ﺗﻧﺎﺳب كال اﻟفراغين ‪ .‬في بعض‬ ‫صحيح��ا ‪ ،‬ولكن اإلجابة المعروض��ة على الفراغ اآلخر‬ ‫األحي��ان قد يكون الج��واب ألحد الفراغات‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ليست صحيحة‪.‬‬ ‫ •يجب ً‬ ‫أيضا اعتبار المنطق للكلمة أو الكلمات التي تكمل الجملة مع اثنين من الفراغات‪.‬‬ ‫ •ق��د يبدو أن بعض األسئلة تحتوي على جوابين صحيحين‪ .‬فكر بعناية في مثل هذه الحاالت في‬ ‫ظالل المعنى التي تشير إلى أي واحد هو الخيار األفضل ‪ ،‬وبالتالي اإلجابة الصحيحة‪.‬‬

‫‪This component makes up 30% of the STEP test. It calls on the test-taker to choose‬‬ ‫‪the correct response on the grounds of correct grammar. An incorrect choice may‬‬ ‫‪seem possible, but will result in a construction or meaning that is not appropriate. The‬‬ ‫‪grammar points under consideration may be:‬‬ ‫‪• verb tense (including irregular verb forms, the conditional, passive/active voice,‬‬ ‫‪reported speech, and model verbs.‬‬ ‫‪• subject/verb agreement.‬‬ ‫‪• correct use of adjectives, adverbs, definite/indefinite articles, prepositions, clauses/‬‬ ‫‪phrases, gerunds/ infinitives, count and non-count nouns. In other words, the test‬‬‫‪taker may be asked to decide a response according to a wide range of grammar‬‬ ‫‪points.‬‬ ‫‪Clues that may help you decide which word or words to choose may be:‬‬ ‫‪• Grammatical relationships consistent with the grammar found in the sentence.‬‬ ‫‪• Logical relationships may provide a clue to help determine the correct answer.‬‬

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‫‪56‬‬

Structure • If a question has two blanks, make certain that the answer you choose fits both blanks. Sometimes the answer for one of the blanks may be correct, but the answer offered for the other blank is not. • Logic also must be considered for the word or words that complete a sentence with two blanks. • Some questions may seem to have two answers that are both correct. Give careful consideration in such cases to shades of meaning that indicate which one is the best choice and therefore the correct answer.

Main Menu ‫القائمة الرئيسية‬ English Alphabetic Parts of Speech Sentences Verb to BE Verb to DO Verb to HAVE Nouns Countable Nouns Spelling Rules for Plurals Uncountable Nouns Definite & Indefinite Articles Pronouns Object Pronouns Reflexive Pronouns Relative Pronouns Making Questions How some / any Making Negative TENSES Present Simple Tense Past Simple Tense Future Simple Tense Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense

‫األبجدية اإلنجليزية‬ ‫أقسام الكالم‬ ‫الجمل‬ ُ ‫أنواع‬ “‫فعل ”يكون‬ “‫فعل ”يعمل‬ “‫فعل ”يملك‬ ‫األسماء‬ ‫األسماء المعدودة‬ ‫قواعد إمالء الجمع‬ ‫األسماء الغير المعدودة‬ ‫أدوات التعريف و النكرة‬ ‫الضمائر‬ ‫ضمائر المفعول به‬ ‫ضمائر االنعكاسية‬ ‫ضمائر الوصل‬ ‫تكوين األسئلة‬ ‫استعماالت‬ ‫ أي‬/ ‫بعض‬ ‫تكوين النفي‬ ‫األزمنة‬ ‫المضارع البسيط‬ ‫الماضي البسيط‬ ‫المستقبل البسيط‬ ‫المضارع المستمر‬ ‫الماضي المستمر‬ ‫المستقبل المستمر‬ ‫المضارع التام‬ ‫الماضي التام‬ ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

57

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Future Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Imperatives Modals Comparing Adjectives Adverbs Active & Passive Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Prepositions Question-Tags Conditional “if” Reported Speech Countries and Nationalities

‫المستقبل التام‬ ‫المضارع التام المستمر‬ ‫صيغة األمر‬ ‫األفعال الناقصة‬ ‫مقارنة الصفات‬ ‫الظروف األحوال‬ ‫المبني للمعلوم و المبني للمجهول‬ ‫األفعال الالزمة و األفعال المتعدية‬ ‫حروف الجر‬ ‫األسئلة المذيلة‬ ”‫لو“ الشرطية‬ ‫الكالم المنقول‬ ‫البلدان و الجنسيات‬

English Alphabetic ‫األبجدية اإلنجليزية‬ Capital letters ‫الحروف االبجدية الكبيرة‬ A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Small letters ‫الحروف االبجدية الصغيرة‬ a

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

i

j

k

l

m

n

o

p

q

r

s

t

u

v

w

x

y

z

l

m

n

p

q

Consonant letters ‫الحروف الساكنة‬ b

c

d

f

g

h

j

k

r

s

t

v

w

x

y

z

Vowel letters ‫الحروف المتحركة‬ a

58

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

e

i

o

u

‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫أقسام الكالم ‪Parts of Speech‬‬ ‫مثال‬

‫تعريف‬

‫‪Ahmed, book, car‬‬

‫هو ما يدل على اسم انسان او‬ ‫حيوان او جماد‬

‫اسم ‪Noun‬‬

‫‪I, he, she, it, etc. ........‬‬

‫هو ما يدل على اسم أو يحل‬ ‫محله‬

‫ضمير ‪Pronoun‬‬

‫‪Play, played, will play‬‬

‫هو ما يدل على حدوث شيء في‬ ‫وقت ما‬

‫فعل ‪Verb‬‬

‫رجل غني ‪rich man‬‬ ‫الحظ أن الصفة هنا سبقت االسم‬ ‫الموصوف بعكس اللغة العربية التي تكون‬ ‫فيها الصفة بعد االسم الموصوف‬

‫هو عبارة عن كلمة تصف االسم‬ ‫وتكون قبله‬

‫صفة ‪Adjective‬‬

‫‪Ahmed writes quickly.‬‬ ‫أحمد يكتب بسرعة‬

‫هو عبارة عن كلمة تصف الفعل أو‬ ‫ً‬ ‫وضوحا‬ ‫تزيد الصفة‬

‫حال ‪Adverb‬‬

‫مثال‬

‫تعريف‬

‫‪a, an, the‬‬

‫هناك ثالث أدوات في اللغة‬ ‫اإلنجليزية‬

‫هذا كتاب ‪This is a book.‬‬

‫تستخدم قبل االسم النكرة الذي‬ ‫يبدأ بحرف ساكن‬

‫هذه تفاحة ‪This is an apple.‬‬

‫تستخدم قبل االسم النكرة الذي‬ ‫يبدأ بحرف متحرك‬

‫‪This is the book I bought yesterday.‬‬ ‫هذا هو الكتاب الذي اشتريته أمس‬

‫للتعريف ‪ This‬تستخدم‬

‫أداة ‪Article‬‬

‫مالحظة ‪:‬‬ ‫الجدي��ر بالذك��ر أن الجمل��ة اإلنجليزية البد وأن تحتوي على فعل خالف اللغ��ة العربية التي قد تكون‬ ‫فيها الجملة اسمية أي بدون فعل مثل ‪(:‬علي طبيب) ولو أردنا ترجمتها إلى اإلنجليزية حرفيا نقول‪:‬‬ ‫‪- Ali doctor.‬‬ ‫وهذه جملة إنجليزية خاطئة لعدم احتوائها على فعل والصحيح أن نضع لها فعل فتصبح‪:‬‬ ‫‪- Ali is a doctor.‬‬

‫‪59‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫الجمل ‪Sentences‬‬ ‫ُ‬

‫جمل بسيطة ‪• Simple Sentences‬‬ ‫جمل مركبة ‪• Compound Sentences‬‬ ‫جمل معقدة ‪• Complex Sentences‬‬

‫جمل بسيطة ‪• Simple Sentences‬‬ ‫هي الجملة التي تحتوي على فعل واحد فقط‪:‬‬

‫‪1- I saw a boy.‬‬ ‫‪2- The boy was riding a bicycle.‬‬ ‫يمكن ربط الجملتين لنكون جملة واحدة بسيطة‪:‬‬ ‫‪- I saw a boy riding a bicycle.‬‬ ‫جمل مركبة ‪• Compound Sentences‬‬ ‫ه��ي الجملة الت��ي تتركب من جملتين بس��يطتين لهما صلة ببعضهما البعض ول��كل منهما معنى‬ ‫مستقل حيث يتم ربطهما بحرف عطف مثل‪and/ but /or :‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed did his homework. Anas helped him.‬‬ ‫يمكن ربط الجملتين لنكون جملة واحدة ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed did his homework and Anas helped him.‬‬

‫واو العطف ‪:‬تربط جملتين لهما ‪and:‬‬ ‫عالقة بين بعضهما‬

‫‪Khaled is rich. He is unhappy.‬‬ ‫يمكن ربط الجملتين لنكون جملة واحدة‪:‬‬ ‫‪Khaled is rich but he is unhappy.‬‬

‫لكن ‪:‬تربط جملتين عن شيئين ‪but:‬‬ ‫مختلفين أو متناقضين‬

‫‪We can play football. We can watch TV.‬‬ ‫يمكن ربط الجملتين لنكون جملة واحدة ‪:‬‬ ‫أو ‪:‬تربط جملتين يكون فيهما خيار ‪or:‬‬ ‫‪We can play football or we can watch TV. We can‬‬ ‫‪play football or watch TV.‬‬ ‫جمل معقدة ‪• Complex Sentences‬‬ ‫هي الجملة التي تحتوي على أكثر من فعل واحد و مركبة من جملتين‪:‬‬ ‫جملة أساسية ‪• Main Clause‬‬ ‫جملة ثانوية ‪• Subordinate Clause‬‬ ‫وهي ثالثة أنواع‪:‬‬ ‫جملة أسمية ‪- Noun Clause‬‬ ‫جملة وصفية ‪- Adjectival Clause‬‬ ‫جملة ظرفية ‪- Adverbial Clause‬‬ ‫الجملة و شبه الجملة ‪• Clause & Phrase‬‬ ‫‪A clause is a combination of words containing a verb and has a complete meaning.‬‬ ‫الجملة هي مجموعة كلمات تحتوي على فاعل و فعل و لها معنى تام‪.‬‬ ‫‪I saw the man who was carrying a stick.‬‬ ‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

Structure A phrase is a combination of words forming part of the sentence but without a verb. .‫شبه الجملة عبارة عن مجموعة كلمات تكون جزءاً من الجملة بدون فعل‬ - I saw the man carrying a stick. • Verb to BE “‫فعل ”يكون‬ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. : ‫يستخدم كفعل رئيسي ومساعد‬ Subject ‫فاعل‬

Present ‫مضارع‬

Past ‫ماضي‬

Past participle )‫أسم المفعول ( التصريف الثالث‬

I

am

was

been

He, She, It

is

was

been

We, They, You

are

were

been

• Verb to BE “‫فعل ”يكون‬ .‫نستخدم صيغة المضارع للتعبير عن عادات أو حقائق ثابتة‬ .‫نستخدم صيغة الماضي للتعبير عن شيء حصل وانتهى في الماضي‬ - I am a pupil. - They are boys. - They were at school yesterday. • Negative Sentences with the verb to BE ‫“الجمل المنفية بالفعل ”يكون‬ We make negative statements with the verb to BE by using the word not after the verb to be. . ‫ بعده‬not ‫نكون جمل منفية مع فعل (يكون) بوضع كلمة‬ Affirmative ‫إثبات‬

Negative ‫نفي‬

I am at home.

I am not at home.

You are tall.

You are not tall.

• Making Questions with the verb to BE ‫“تكوين السؤال مع فعل ”يكون‬ “Yes” or “No” questions and short answers ‫األسئلة ب(نعم) و (ال) و اإلجابات مختصرة‬: “Yes” or “No” questions ‫أسئلة إجابتها بـ نعم و ال‬

Short Answers ‫إجابات مختصرة‬ Affirmative ‫إثبات‬

Negative‫نفي‬

Be

+Subject ‫فاعل‬

+Complement Yes + Subject + Be ‫تكملة‬

No + Subject + Be + not

Are

you

a teacher?

Yes, I am.

No, I am not.

Were

the boys

at school?

Yes, they were.

No, they were not. ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

61

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

• Verb to DO “‫فعل ”يعمل – يفعل‬ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. ‫يستخدم كفعل رئيسي وفعل مساعد‬ Subject ‫فاعل‬

Present ‫مضارع‬

Past‫ماضي‬

Past participle ‫أسم المفعول‬

do

did

done

does

did

done

I, you, we, they He, She, It

.‫نستخدم صيغة المضارع للتعبير عن عادات أو حقائق ثابتة‬ .‫نستخدم صيغة الماضي للتعبير عن شيء حدث وانتهى في الماضي‬ • Verb to HAVE “‫فعل ”يملك‬ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. ‫يستخدم كفعل رئيسي وفعل مساعد‬ Subject ‫فاعل‬

Present‫مضارع‬

Past ‫ماضي‬

Past participle ‫أسم المفعول‬

I, you, we, they

have

had

had

He, She, It

has

had

had

.‫نستخدم صيغة المضارع للتعبير عن عادات أو حقائق ثابتة‬ .‫نستخدم صيغة الماضي للتعبير عن شيء حصل وانتهى في الماضي‬ • Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE as a main verb ‫الجمل المنفية مع فعل ”يملك“ كفعل رئيسي‬ Subject ‫فاعل‬

+ do/does/did

+ not

+ have

+ Complement ‫تكملة‬

I

do

not

have

a car.

He

does

not

have

A new watch.

They

did

not

have

breakfast this morning.

• Making Questions with the verb to HAVE as a main verb ‫تكوين السؤال مع فعل ”يملك“ كفعل رئيسي‬ “Yes” or “No” questions ‫أسئلة إجابتها بـ نعم و ال‬

Short Answers ‫إجابات مختصرة‬ Affirmative‫إثبات‬

Negative‫نفي‬

No + Subject + +Subject + complement Yes + Subject + Do/Does/Did +have do/does/did ‫فاعل‬ ‫تكملة‬ do/does/did +not

62

Do

you

have

a car?

Yes, I do.

No, I do not.

Does

he

have

a new watch?

Yes, he does.

No, he does not

Did

they

have

Breakfast this morning?

Yes, they did.

No, they did not.

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

Structure • Verb to HAVE as a helping verb ‫فعل ”يملك “ كفعل مساعد‬ Verb to have is used as a helping verb to form the perfect tense. .‫يستخدم فعل يملك كفعل مساعد ليكون زمن المضارع التام‬ - They have lived here for two years. - Adel has just finished his work. • Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE as a helping verb ‫الجمل المنفية مع فعل ”يملك“ كفعل مساعد‬ .‫ بعد هذا الفعل‬not ‫لتكوين نفي مع فعل يملك نضع‬ - I have lived here for a long time. - I have not lived here for a long time. • Making Questions with verb to HAVE as a helping verb ‫تكوين السؤال مع فعل ”يملك“ كفعل مساعد‬ “Yes” or “No” questions and short answers ‫األسئلة بـ نعم و ال و اإلجابات مختصرة‬: .‫لتكوين سؤال مع فعل يملك كفعل مساعد نقدم هذا الفعل على الفاعل‬ - They have lived here for a long time. - Have they lived here for a long time? - Yes, they have. No, they have not. • Other Uses of Verb to HAVE “‫استخدامات أخرى مع فعل ”يملك‬ To express necessity in the present and past have to, has to, had to. :‫ مثال‬.‫ليعبر عن الضرورة في المضارع و الماضي‬ - I have to leave now. • With some model auxiliaries. )‫مع بعض األفعال الناقصة (من األفضل‬ - You had better see a doctor. To show that something is caused by another one. ً :‫ مثال‬.‫شيئا ما حصل بواسطة شخص اخر‬ ‫ليبين أن‬ - I have my car cleaned every week.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

63

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Nouns ‫األسماء‬ Nouns are words we use to name: .‫ شعور‬،‫ أفكار‬،‫ مكان‬،‫ شيء‬،‫ شخص‬،‫ علم‬،‫ اسم‬: ‫األسماء هي الكلمات التي نستخدمها لذكر‬ ‫أشخاص‬

People

man, father, teacher, neighbor, ...

‫أشياء‬

Things

book, table, sugar, fruit, ...

‫أماكن‬

Places

school, street, city, house, .....

‫أفكار‬

Ideas

freedom, honesty, truth, ....

‫شعور‬

Feelings

happiness, anger, joy, ....

• Countable & Uncountable Nouns ‫األسماء المعدودة و غير المعدودة‬ Countable Nouns: are things that be counted as one, two, three, and so on. .‫ ثالثة وهكذا‬، ‫ اثنان‬، ‫ هي األشياء التي يمكن عدها بـ واحد‬:‫األسماء المعدودة‬ Uncountable Nouns: cannot be counted. .‫ هي التي ال يمكن عدها أي ال يمكن وضع رقم قبلها‬:‫األسماء الغير معدودة‬ Countable Nouns ‫األسماء المعدودة‬ These nouns have singular and plural forms. .‫هذه األسماء لها صيغ مفردة و جمع‬ Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an. . ‫قبل األسماء المفردة المعدودة تستطيع استخدام‬ You cannot use singular countable nouns alone without words such as: a, an, one, my, your, his, etc. .‫ال نستطيع استخدام أسماء مفردة معدودة بمفردها بدون الكلمات السابقة‬ • COUNTABLE NOUNS SINGULAR Book

PLURAL

a book

books

one book

two books a lot of / plenty of books ( not ) many books some books (a) few books no books

• Spelling Rules for Plurals ‫قواعد الجمع‬ We form plurals of most nouns by adding “s” to the singular noun. .‫” لالسم المفرد‬s“ ‫نكون الجمع من معظم األسماء بإضافة‬ ّ

64

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

Structure Singular

Plural

one book

two books

one horse

many horses es ‫ نضيف لها‬ss,ch,sh,x, o ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بالحروف‬

Singular

Plural

match

matches

bus

buses

dish

dishes

box

boxes ies ‫ ونضيف‬y ‫ تحذف‬،‫ وسبقه حرف ساكن‬y ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بحرف‬ Singular

Plural

city

cities

baby

babies .‫ فقط‬s ‫ نضيف‬،‫ وسبقه حرف متحرك‬y ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بحرف‬ Singular

Plural

boy

boys

key

keys es ‫ نضيف‬،‫ وسبقه حرف ساكن‬o ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بحرف‬ Singular

Plural

potato

potatoes

tomato

tomatoes .‫ فقط‬s ‫ نضيف‬،‫ وسبقه حرف متحرك‬o ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بحرف‬ Singular

Plural

radio

radios

zoo

zoos es ‫ ونضيف‬، v ‫ نحولها إلى حرف‬fe ‫ أو‬f ‫األسماء التي تنتهي بحرف‬ Singular

Plural

knife

knives

shelf

shelves

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

65

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

: ‫األسماء المركبة تجمع حسب االسم األخير‬ Singular

Plural

classroom

classrooms

policeman

policemen :)‫هناك بعض األسماء الشاذة ( تحفظ‬

Singular

Plural

man

men

woman

women

child

children

person

people

foot

feet

tooth

teeth

goose

geese

mouse

mice

• SINGULAR = PLURAL - one deer two deer - one fish two fish - one sheep two sheep NOUNS WITH NO SINGULAR FORM SINGULAR PLURAL people { NO SINGULAR} . . . . clothes { NO SINGULAR} .... a pair of eyeglasses trousers scissors pliers pajamas • Uncountable Nouns ‫األسماء الغير المعدودة‬ Uncountable nouns cannot be counted. s,es ‫هي التي ال جمع لها بإضافة‬ salt, coffee, tea, food, meat, gold, music, blood. ‫ قبل األسماء الغير المعدودة‬an ‫ أو‬a ‫ال تستطيع استخدام‬ ‫مزيداً من األسماء الغير المعدودة‬

66

flour

‫دقيق‬

salt

‫ملح‬

meat

‫لحم‬

information

‫معلومات‬

coffee

‫قهوة‬

knowledge

‫معرفة‬

butter

‫زبد‬

food

‫طعام‬

tea

‫شاي‬

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

Structure sugar

‫سكر‬

gold

‫ذهب‬

blood

‫دم‬

news

‫أخبار‬

glass

‫زجاج‬

cheese

‫جبن‬

milk

‫حليب‬

paper

‫ورق‬

bread

‫خبز‬

rice

‫رز‬

wood

‫خشب‬

furniture

‫مفروشات‬

rain

‫مطر‬

steel

‫حديد‬

grass

‫عشب‬

cloth

‫قماش‬

music

‫موسيقى‬

marble

‫رخام‬

.‫جميع األسماء الغير المعدودة تعامل معاملة المفرد‬ - Coffee is a traditional drink in Saudi Arabia. - Milk has many minerals. .‫و لكن لو وضعت كلمات تدل على الكمية قبل االسم الغير معدود فأنه يعامل معاملة الجمع‬ - Two cups of tea are not enough for me. - Five liters of oil do not operate this machine. SINGULAR water

PLURAL

water

a lot of /a plenty of water

a glass of water

( not ) much water some water not ... any water (a) little water no water

SOME AND ANY

• Use some in affirmative statements. - There are some eggs in the fridge . There is some juice too. • Use any in negative statements. - There aren’t any tomatoes . There isn’t any sugar. • Use some or any in questions. - Do you need some extra cups? Yes, I do. - Do you need any extra cups? No, I don’t. some

any

no

every

someone

anyone

no one

everyone

something

anything

nothing

everything

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody

somewhere

anywhere

nowhere

everywhere ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

67

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

QUANTIFIERS a a a a a a a a a

bottle of can of cup of gallon of glass of loaf of pair of piece of slice of

(juice, milk, water) (Pepsi) (tea, coffee) (juice, gas, milk) (water, juice, milk) (bread) (trousers, shoes) (cake, meat, paper) (cake, cheese, pizza, )

Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

68

She saw two......... in the garden yesterday. a mouses b mice c mices d mouse There are ....... people in the room. a five c any

b a d no one

I need some ........, please. I am thirsty. a a water b a waters c water d waters How much .......... do you want? a money c wives

b children d oils

Give me a ........ of trousers, please. a piece b pair c loaf d can Most of the birds......... flying. a is b has c are d was Some of the ....... have two doors. a car b cars c room d building

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Structure 8 9 10

........ of the students have a sharpener. a Most b All c None d Some Ten students out of twenty passed the test. .......... of them passed. a Most b All c None d Half Only one student was absent. ........ of them were present. a Almost all b Every c Most d Some

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Definite & Indefinite Articles ‫أدوات التعريف و النكرة‬ a/an :are used as indefinite articles. ‫تستخدمان كأدوات نكرة‬ The : is used as definite articles. ‫تستخدم كأداة للتعريف‬ We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant sound ‫ قبل األسماء التي تبدأ بحرف ساكن‬a ‫نضع‬ We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel sound. .‫ قبل األسماء التي تبدأ بحرف متحرك‬an ‫نضع‬ Indefinite Articles “a” & “an” ‫أدوات النكرة‬ We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant sound. a car .‫ قبل األسماء التي تبدأ بحرف ساكن‬a ‫نضع‬ We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel sound. an apple .‫ قبل األسماء التي تبدأ بحرف متحرك‬an ‫نضع‬ Vowels : ‫الحروف المتحركة‬ a–e–i–o–u

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

69

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

We use a/an: Before a singular countable noun.

‫ قبل األسماء المفردة‬- a table ‫ المعدودة‬- an egg

Before a job, a particular group of people or a nationality.

- Saleh is a doctor ‫قبل الوظيفة أو مجموعة‬ - He is an engineer. She is an ‫معينة من الناس أو الجنسية‬ English women.

With numbers that mean every.

- He washes his hands ten “‫ مع األرقام التي تعني ”كل‬times a day. (means every day).

We DO NOT use a/an: No article is used with abstract nouns and the names of metals. No article is used before plural or uncountable nouns.

‫ال تستخدم أي أداة مع‬ - Love, beauty, hatred, wood, ‫األسماء المعنوية و أسماء‬ silver, gold .‫المعادن‬ ‫ ال تستخدم أي أداة قبل‬- There are books on the ‫ الجمع أو األسماء الغير‬table. .‫ معدودة‬- Milk is good for you.

The Definite Article “The” ‫“أدوات التعريف ”أل‬ A noun that is the only one of its kind.

‫ االسم الذي ال يوجد من‬- The river Nile , .‫ نوعه سوى واحد فقط‬- The Ka’aba

Names of rivers, seas, oceans, etc....

........‫ أسماء األنهار و البحار‬- The Arabian Gulf .‫ الخ‬- The Red Sea

A noun which is the object of a sentence.

‫ االسم الذي يكون مفعول به‬- Umar answered the .‫ لجملة‬question.

The names of musical instruments.

.‫ أسماء اآلالت الموسيقية‬- Can you play the duff?

The is used before: ‫تستخدم أداة التعريف ”أل“ قبل‬ Names of some countries. With some time expressions. With dates. With some general expressions.

70

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.‫أسماء بعض البلدان‬

- The United Kingdom - The U.S.A.

‫ مع بعض التعابير الدالة على‬- at the weekend .‫ الوقت‬- in the evening .‫مع التواريخ‬

- On the first day of every month.

.‫مع بعض التعبيرات العامة‬

- Listen to the radio/news. - Go to the market/desert.

Structure ‫نستخدم أداة التعريف أل‬ - I saw a man. The man was ‫مع االسم الذي ذكر للمرة‬ young. .‫الثانية‬

Use article with the name that is repeated. No article is used with the names of studies of subjects.

‫ال تستخدم أي أداة مع‬ .‫أسماء المواد الدراسية‬

No article is used before such words as school, home, bed, work, etc. No article is used before such words such as day and month names.

- I do not like science. My favorite subject is mathematics.

‫ال تستخدم أي أداة قبل‬ - I am going to school. ،‫أسماء معينة مثل مدرسة‬ - I always go to bed early. ....‫ عمل‬،‫ سرير‬،‫منزل‬ - on Monday, in June ‫ال تستخدم أي أداة مع‬ - in summer (sometimes in ‫أسماء معينة مثل األيام‬ the summer). . ‫والشهور‬ - before breakfast.

Pronouns ‫الضمائر‬ A pronoun replaces a noun. ‫الضمير يحل محل االسم‬ Subject Pronouns ‫ضمائر الفاعل‬

Object Pronouns ‫ضمائر المفعول به‬

Possessive Adjectives ‫صفات الملكية‬

Possessive Pronouns ‫ضمائر الملكية‬

Reflexive Pronouns ‫ضمائر االنعكاس‬

I

me

my

mine

myself

you

you

your

yours

yourself

he

him

his

his

himself

she

her

her

hers

herself

it

it

its

We

us

our

ours

ourselves

you

you

your

yours

yourselves

they

them

their

theirs

themselves

itself

We use a pronouns instead of a noun when it is clear who or what we are talking about. .‫نستخدم الضمير بدال من االسم عندما نكون على علم مع من أو عن أي شيء نتحدث‬ Examples: ‫أمثلة‬ - Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests. - Nada is nice. She is also pretty. - The dog is hungry. It is hungry.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

71

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

• Object Pronouns ‫ضمائر المفعول به‬ We use an object pronoun ‫نستخدم ضمير المفعول به‬ After a preposition. ‫بعد حروف الجر‬ - Do you live near them? - Send the box directly to me. After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend, pass, take, show. - The little boy made it for her. • Reflexive Pronouns ‫ضمائر االنعكاسية‬ Reflexive pronouns are used: ‫نستخدم ضمائر اإلنعكاسية‬ for emphasize ‫للتأكيد‬ - Did you do the decorations yourself ? - I did the painting myself. With some special expressions ‫مع بعض التعابير الخاصة‬ - Help yourself. - Enjoy yourself. - Behave yourself. - I live by myself. (I live alone)

Choose the correct answer:

1

2

3

4

5

72

Ann is .............. sister. a John b Johns‘ c John’s d Johns’s I am Mrs. Watson. ...... husband’s name is Mr. Watson. a His b My c Her d Your These are the ................ shirts. a men’s b mens’ c men d mens’s Do you have any kids? What are ........... names? a their b your c our d they’re «What is your name?» « ............... name is Adel. a Your b His c My d Her

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Structure 6 7 8 9 10

Do you have ...... money?» « No, I don’t have.» a some b any c many d few Sami and I are good friends. ........ are students. a They b We c You d He How ....... boys are there in the picture? a much b a lot of c plenty d many I don’t know ........ about ancient history. a anything b something c lots d not any The students finished the test by .......... a themselves b yourselves c ourselves d yourself

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

• POSSESSIVE NOUNS Rule 1: Singular Noun + ’s - the girl’s dress, the student’s book Rule 2: Plural Noun with –s + ’ (Apostrophe) - boys’ toys, students’ books Rule 3: Plural noun without (s) +’ s - children’s room, men’s room. • Relative Pronouns ‫ضمائر الوصل‬ The relative pronouns are used to join sentences together. .‫تستخدم ضمائر الوصل لربط الجمل بعضها ببعض‬ ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

73

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫و لربط الجمل اتبع الخطوات اآلتية‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 .1‬نبحث عن كلمة متكررة في الجملة الثانية ثم نبحث عن موقعها‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫عاقال نستعمل ‪Who‬‬ ‫فاعال‬ ‫ •فإذا كانت‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫عاقال نستعمل ‪ whom‬و نعرف ذلك بوجود الكلمة بعد الفعل‪ .‬و إذا كانت‬ ‫مفعوال به‬ ‫ •وإذا كانت‬ ‫غير عاقل نستعمل ‪. which‬‬ ‫ •أما ‪ that‬فتستخدم بدل أي كلمة من الكلمات السابقة إال أننا ال نفضل استعمالها في جميع‬ ‫الجمل‪.‬‬ ‫ •و إذا كانت للملكية نستعمل كلمة ‪. whose‬‬ ‫‪2 .2‬احذف الكلمة المتكررة من الجملة الثانية وضع االسم الذي حذفت مثله في الجملة األولى‪.‬‬ ‫ضمائر الوصل ‪Relative Pronouns‬‬ ‫}الذي‪ ،‬التي} للفاعل العاقل ‪Who‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫طبعا نعرف الفاعل بوجوده أول الجملة‪ .‬الحظ المثال التالي‪:‬‬ ‫تستخدم ‪ Who‬لتحل محل الفاعل العاقل و‬ ‫‪- Here is the man. The man is a doctor.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫بدال منها ‪ who‬ثم نضع الجملة الثانية بعد الكلمة‬ ‫نحذف كلمة ‪ The man‬من الجملة الثانية و نضع‬ ‫التي حذفنا مثلها في الجملة األولى فتصبح‪:‬‬ ‫‪- Here is the man who is a doctor.‬‬ ‫‪1) The man came here. The man was a doctor.‬‬ ‫‪- The man who was here is a doctor‬‬ ‫‪2) My friend swims well. He lives here.‬‬ ‫‪- My friend who lives here swims well.‬‬ ‫}الذي‪ ،‬التي} المفعول به العاقل ‪Whom‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫طبعا نعرف المفعول به بوجوده بعد الفعل‪ .‬الحظ‬ ‫تستعمل ‪ whom‬لتحل محل المفعول به العاقل و‬ ‫المثال التالي‪:‬‬ ‫‪- The man came here. I visited him.‬‬ ‫نح��ذف كلم��ة ‪ him‬م��ن الجملة الثانية ثم نض��ع ‪ whom‬أول الجملة الثانية‪ ،‬ونض��ع االسم الموصول‬ ‫والجملة الثانية بعد الكلمة التي حذفنا مثلها (التي يعود إليها الضمير) فتصبح‪:‬‬ ‫‪- The man whom I visited came here.‬‬ ‫‪1) The man was working with me. I paid him.‬‬ ‫‪- The man whom I paid was working with me.‬‬ ‫‪2) This is the girl. You gave her a flower.‬‬ ‫‪This is the girl whom you gave a flower.‬‬ ‫}الذي‪ ،‬التي} للفاعل غير العاقل والمفعول غير العاقل ‪Which‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫طبعا نعرف الفاعل بوجوده أول‬ ‫تستعمل ‪ which‬لتحل محل الفاعل أو المفعول الغير عاقل و‬ ‫الجملة أما المفعول به فيوجد بعد الفعل‪ .‬الحظ المثال التالي‪:‬‬ ‫‪- He found his book. He lost it yesterday.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫بدال منها ‪ which‬في أول الجملة الثانية‬ ‫نرى أن كلمة ‪ It‬تعود على كلمة ‪ his book‬فنحذفها و نضع‬ ‫ث��م نضع االسم الموص��ول و الجملة الثانية بعد الكلمة التي حذفنا مثله��ا (التي يعود إليها الضمير)‬ ‫فتصبح‪:‬‬ ‫‪- He found his book which he lost yesterday.‬‬ ‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪74‬‬

Structure 1) This is the house. I live in it. This is the house which I live in. 2) This book is cheap. It is very useful. This book which is very useful is cheap. That ‫ التي} للعاقل و غير العاقل الفاعل أو المفعول به‬،‫}الذي‬ ‫ لتح��ل محل الفاعل أو المفعول به العاقل و غير عاق��ل أي تحل محل أي أداة سبق‬that ‫تس��تعمل‬ :‫ الحظ األمثلة التالية‬.‫شرحها‬ - This is the boy. You met her. This is the boy that (whom) you met. - I have a bird. It sings. I have a bird that (which) sings. Whose ‫ التي} للملكية‬،‫}الذي‬ :‫ الحظ المثال التالي‬.‫ للملكية‬Whose ‫تستعمل‬ - This is the man. His car hit the boy. This is the man whose his car hit the boy. ً ‫بدال منه االسم الموصول‬ ‫ فنحذف ضمير الملكية و نضع‬the man ‫ مملوكة لـ‬car ‫هنا نجد أن كلمة‬ . car ‫ ثم نضع بعدها كلمة‬whose

Put the suitable Relative pronoun (who, when, where, which, whose )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

That’s the person ............ took my wallet! Gandhi is a man ............ I admire. 1939 was the year ............ the Second World War started. Australia is a country ............ there are a lot of unusual animals. The car is an invention ............ has made transport much easier. This is the school ............ I go. The sports centre is the place ............ I swim on Monday and Friday. Who is Steven Spielberg? He’s the film director ............ made ET. My friend is a person ............ makes me laugh. 1945 was the year ............ the Second World War ended. Ethiopia is a country ............ there are often terrible famines. That’s the woman ............ found my watch.

Key answers 1

who

2

who

3

when

4

where

5

which

6

where

7

where

8

who

9

who

10

when

11

where

12

who

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

75

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫تكوين األسئلة ‪Making Questions‬‬ ‫لتحويل الجملة الخبرية إلى سؤال نضع الفعل المساعد في البداية‪:‬‬ ‫األفعال المساعدة هي‪Helping Verbs :‬‬ ‫– ‪am – is – are – was – were – have – has – had – will – would – shall – should – can‬‬ ‫‪could – may – might – must – ought to‬‬ ‫?‪- They are doctors. Are they doctors‬‬ ‫ ?‪- She can help us‬‬ ‫?‪Can they help us‬‬ ‫?‪- I will go to the market? Will you go to the market‬‬ ‫إذا لم يكن بالجملة فعل مساعد‬ ‫‪ )1‬مع الفعل المضارع بدون ‪ s‬نستخدم ‪: Do‬‬ ‫?‪- They play tennis. Do they play tennis‬‬ ‫ ‪- I write books.‬‬ ‫?‪Do you write books‬‬ ‫‪ )2‬مع الفعل المضارع الذي به ‪ s‬نستخدم ‪: Does‬‬ ‫?‪- Ahmed plays tennis. Does Ahmed play tennis‬‬ ‫?‪- Huda watch TV. Does Huda watch TV‬‬ ‫الحظ إعادة الفعل إلى أصله (التصريف األول) و ذلك لوجود الفعل المساعد‬ ‫‪ )3‬مع الفعل الماضي نستخدم ‪: did‬‬ ‫?‪- They watched TV last night. Did they watch TV last night‬‬ ‫ ‪- I played football yesterday.‬‬ ‫?‪Did you play football yesterday‬‬ ‫الحظ إعادة الفعل إلى أصله (التصريف األول) و ذلك لوجود الفعل المساعد‬ ‫مالحظـة‪ :‬جميع األسئلة السابقة تكون إجابتها بـ ‪ Yes‬أو ‪No‬‬ ‫و ذلك ألنها لم تبدأ بأداة سؤال‪.‬‬ ‫‪• Wh Questions‬‬ ‫للسؤال عن المكان‬ ‫للسؤال عن الزمان‬ ‫للسؤال عن السبب‬ ‫للسؤال عن شيء‬ ‫لالختيار بين شيئين‬ ‫للسؤال عن فاعل عاقل‬ ‫للسؤال عن مفعول به عاقل‬ ‫للسؤال عن الملكية‬ ‫للسؤال عن الحالة‬ ‫للسؤال عن العدد‬ ‫للسؤال عن الكمية‬ ‫للسؤال عن الطول‬ ‫للسؤال عن العمر‬ ‫للسؤال عن المسافة‬

‫أين‬ ‫متى‬ ‫لماذا‬ ‫ما‪ /‬ماذا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫من‬ ‫من‬ ‫لمن‬ ‫كيف‬ ‫كم عدد‬ ‫كم كمية‬ ‫كم طول‬ ‫كم عمر‬ ‫كم بعد‬

‫?‪Where‬‬ ‫?‪When‬‬ ‫?‪Why‬‬ ‫?‪What‬‬ ‫?‪Which‬‬ ‫?‪Who‬‬ ‫?‪Whom‬‬ ‫?‪Whose‬‬ ‫?‪How‬‬ ‫?‪How many‬‬ ‫?‪How much‬‬ ‫?‪How long‬‬ ‫?‪How old‬‬ ‫?‪How far‬‬

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‫‪76‬‬

‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫خطوات تكوين السؤال ‪• Steps for Making a Question‬‬ ‫‪ )1‬اختر أداة السؤال المناسبة للجزء المراد السؤال عنه‪ ،‬مثل‪When, Where, Why...........etc :‬‬ ‫‪ )2‬ضع الفعل المساعد ‪( helping verb‬إن وجد) قبل الفاعل أي بعد أداة السؤال مباشرة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ )3‬إذا لم يكن بالجملة فعل مساعد استخدم‪:‬‬ ‫ •مع الفعل المضارع بدون ‪ s‬نستخدم ‪do‬‬ ‫ •مع الفعل المضارع الذي به ‪ s‬نستخدم ‪does‬‬ ‫ •مع الفعل الماضي نستخدم ‪did‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ )4‬ضع الفاعل بعد الفعل المساعد سواء الموجود بالجملة أصال أو التي استخدمناها من عندنا‬ ‫مع مالحظة إعادة الفعل إلى التصريف األول‪.‬‬ ‫‪ )5‬احذف الجزء المراد السؤال عنه ألنه جواب السؤال‪.‬‬ ‫أمثلة‪:‬‬ ‫?‪- They are going to eat meat. What are they going to eat‬‬ ‫الحظ أننا قدمنا ‪ are‬على ‪ they‬ألنها هي الفعل المساعد ثم حذفنا كلمة ‪ meat‬ألنها الجواب على‬ ‫السؤال‪.‬‬ ‫?‪- They played tennis at school. Where did they play tennis‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أيضا حذف ‪ed‬‬ ‫الحظ أننا استخدمنا ‪ did‬لعدم وجود فعل مس��اعد و ألن الفعل في الماضي‪ .‬و الحظ‬ ‫من الفعل إلعادته إلى أصله‪ .‬و الحظ أننا حذفنا ‪ at school‬ألنها الجواب على السؤال‪.‬‬ ‫مالحظة‪ :‬الحظ تغيير بعض الضمائر لكي تتناسب مع المعنى مثل‪:‬‬ ‫ ‪ you‬تصبح ‪I‬‬ ‫‪ I‬تصبح ‪you‬‬ ‫‪ my‬تصبح ‪your‬‬ ‫‪ we‬تصبح ‪you‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫فعال مساعداً من عندنا بل نضع أداة السؤال ‪ who‬إذا كان‬ ‫إذا كان السؤال عن الفاعل ال نستخدم‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫عاقال‪.‬‬ ‫عاقال و ‪ What‬إذا كان الفعل غير‬ ‫الفاعل‬ ‫ ‪- Ahmed broke the window.‬‬ ‫?‪Who broke the window‬‬ ‫?‪- The book describes accidents. What describes accidents‬‬ ‫أي‪ x any/‬بعض‪• some/‬‬ ‫تستخدم ‪ some‬في الجمل الخبرية و ليست المنفية أو السؤال‪.‬‬

‫‪1- We had some books.‬‬ ‫‪2- Somebody was there.‬‬ ‫‪3- He is somewhere.‬‬ ‫وتستخدم ‪ any‬مع السؤال و النفي‪.‬‬ ‫ •مع السؤال‪:‬‬

‫?‪1- Do you have any books‬‬ ‫?‪2- Is anybody at home‬‬ ‫?‪3- Is he anywhere‬‬ ‫ •مع النفي‪:‬‬

‫‪1- We do not have any books.‬‬ ‫‪2- I did not see anybody.‬‬ ‫‪3- He is not anywhere.‬‬

‫‪77‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3 4 5

«............. is Kuwait?» «It is north of Saudi Arabia.» a What b Where c How d Who « ............. do many children do?» « They play.» a When b Why c What d Who «.............. is your father?» « He is 65.» a Who b What c How old d When “....... car is yours?” “ The red one.” a What b Whose c Which d What ............ does your house look like? a What b Who c Whom d How

Key answers

78

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

Structure TENSES ‫األزمنة‬ 1. Present Simple Tense ‫المضارع البسيط‬ ‫ يتك��ون هذا الزمن من‬.‫يس��تخدم ه��ذا الزم��ن للتعبير عن الع��ادات و التقاليد و الق��درات و الحقائق‬ :‫ يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬.‫التصريف األول للفعل أي الفعل المجرد‬

generally ‫عموما‬ ً

ً always ‫دائما‬ ً often ‫غالبا‬

usually ‫عادة‬ ً sometimes ‫أحيانا‬

rarely ‫نادرا‬

never ً‫أبدا‬

from time to time ‫من حين آلخر‬

every ‫كل‬

- I go to school every day. - They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m. - We often drink coffee in the morning. - She is never late to school. .‫ زيادة للفعل‬s ‫ إذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب نضيف‬:‫مالحظة‬ - Ali drinks milk every morning. A cow gives us milk. Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3

We .......... football on Thursday and Friday. a plays b played c are playing d play It usually ............ in winter in Saudi Arabia. a rained b rains c rain d will rain I .............. to Egypt every summer. a traveling b travels c travel d will travel

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

79

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

2. Past Simple Tense ‫الماضي البسيط‬ .‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث وقع في الماضي‬ ‫ للفعل العادي اما االفعال الشاذة تحفظ‬ed ‫يتكون هذا الزمن من التصريف الثاني للفعل أي إضافة‬ :‫مثل‬ - go - went - see - saw - catch - caught yesterday ‫أمس‬

last ‫الماضي‬

ago ‫مضى‬

in 1988 AD, in 1415 AH: ‫أو أي تاريخ في الماضي مثل‬ :‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ I, He, She, it was They, We, You were - I watched television last night. - They visited their uncle yesterday. - We went to Makkah two months ago. DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer: 

1 2 3

I .......... a new house last year. a buy c buys

b bought d will buy

He ............ in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2001. a live b is living c lived d will leave They .............. their homework two hours ago. a finishing b finishes c finished d are finishing

Key answers

80

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

Structure 3. Future Simple Tense ‫المستقبل البسيط‬ .‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث متوقع حدوثه في المستقبل‬ .‫ ثم التصريف األول للفعل‬shall ‫ او‬will ‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ .‫ فتأتي مع باقي الضمائر‬will ‫ أما‬We ‫ و‬I ‫ مع ضمير المتكلم‬shall ‫تأتي‬ .‫ بدلها مع جميع الضمائر‬will ‫ ندر استخدامها في اإلنجليزية الحديثة وقد حلت كلمة‬shall ‫ولكن‬ :‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ tomorrow ً‫غدا‬

next ‫القادم‬

in the future‫في المستقبل‬

in 2020 AD, in 1444 AH: ‫أو أي تاريخ في المستقبل مثل‬ - I will go to school tomorrow. - They will play football next Friday. - He will join the army in the future. :‫هناك تكوين أخر للمستقبل البسيط باستخدام‬ am , is , are going to - I am going to travel to London next month. DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3

We .......... math and English next semester. a study b will study c studies d studied I ............ my friend at 8 o’clock tonight. a meet b met c am going to meet d have met He .............. the test, but I am not sure. a pass b passes c will pass d passing

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

81

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

4. Present Continuous Tense ‫المضارع المستمر‬ . ‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث يقع اآلن فقط‬ : ‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ am / is / are + ‫ فعل‬+ ing I am + verb + ing He, she, it is + verb + ing They, we, you are + verb + ing : ‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ now ‫اآلن‬

at the moment ‫في هذه اللحظة‬

look ‫انظر‬

listen ‫ استمع‬at the present time ‫في الوقت الحاضر‬ 1. I am reading a story at the moment. 2. They are watching television now. 3. Look! the bus is coming. 4. I am meeting an old friend in a restaurant at 6 o’clock tonight. ‫ قد تستخدم صيغة المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن ترتيبات مستقبلية‬:4 ‫الحظ مثال‬ ‫بعض األفعال ال يمكن أن تقع في االستمرار سواء المضارع المستمر أو الماضي المستمر وهذه‬ : ‫األفعال تعبر عن الشعور واألذى واإلحساس ومن هذه األفعال‬ like ‫يحب‬

love ‫يحب‬

want ‫يريد‬

prefer ‫يفضل‬

wish ‫يتمنى‬

hate ‫يكره‬

dislike ‫يكره‬

feel ‫يشعر‬

hope ‫يأمل‬

hear ‫يسمع‬

think ‫يعتقد‬

seem ‫يبدو‬

appear ‫يظهر‬

fear ‫يخشى‬

consider ‫يعتبر‬

fit ‫يناسب‬

believe ‫يصدق‬

trust ‫يثق‬

understand ‫يفهم‬

DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer: 

1 2 3

82

You .......... TV now. a Watches c are watching

b watched d play

The water is very hot now. It ......... . a boiled b boils c boil d is boiling I am in class now. I ........... on the board . a writing b am writing c write d will write

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‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫‪Key answers‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫الماضي المستمر ‪5. Past Continuous Tense‬‬ ‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن فعل وقع في الماضي أثناء وقوع فعل أخر ‪ .‬يتكون هذا الزمن من‪:‬‬ ‫‪ + ing‬فعل ‪was / were +‬‬ ‫ملحوظة‪ :‬هذا الزمن عادة ما يأتي معه زمن الماضي البسيط و الذي تخلل الماضي المستمر أي‬ ‫الذي وقع أثناء حدوثه‪ .‬يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل ‪:‬‬ ‫ألن ‪because‬‬

‫حيث أن ‪as‬‬

‫بينما ‪while‬‬

‫عندما ‪when‬‬

‫‪- While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫نائما ‪ ،‬دخل لص غرفتي) هذه الجملة تحتوي على حدثين أحدهما ماضي مستمر‬ ‫(بينما كنت‬ ‫وهو النوم واآلخر دخول اللص الغرفة الذي حصل أثناء النوم‪.‬‬ ‫‪- When we were eating , my father came .‬‬ ‫( بينما كنا نأكل ‪ ،‬جاء والدي) هذه الجملة تحتوي على حدثين أحدهما ماضي مستمر وهو األكل‬ ‫واآلخر مجيء والدي الذي حصل أثناء األكل‪.‬‬ ‫مالحظة‪ :‬يمكن وضع أداة الربط وسط الجملة دون أن يتغير المعنى فتصبح الجملتان السابقة كما يلي‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫نائما ‪- A thief entered my room while I was sleeping‬‬ ‫دخل لص غرفتي بينما كنت‬ ‫جاء والدي بينما كنا نأكل ‪- My father came when we were eating .‬‬ ‫مالحظة‪ :‬تكتب الفاصلة إذا بدأت الجملة بكلمة ‪ while‬وتحذف إذا وقعت في منتصف الجملة األولى‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دائما أن قاعدة ‪ While‬بها فعالن األول طويل مستمر و اآلخر مفاجئ وهو ماضي بسيط‪.‬‬ ‫تذكر‬ ‫‪Choose the correct answer: ‬‬ ‫‪b slept‬‬ ‫‪d sleep‬‬

‫‪We .......... when the doorbell rang.‬‬ ‫ ‪a will sleep‬‬ ‫ ‪c were sleeping‬‬

‫‪She .......... when her children left the house.‬‬ ‫ ‪a was cooking‬‬ ‫‪b cooked‬‬ ‫ ‪c will cook‬‬ ‫‪d is cooking‬‬

‫‪83‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 3

While I .............., the phone rang . a watch c watched

b watching d was watching

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

6. Future Continuous Tense ‫المستقبل المستمر‬ . ‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن شيء متوقع حدوثه في المستقبل ويستمر لفترة‬ : ‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ will + be + ‫ فعل‬+ ing : ‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ at ‫عند للزمن‬

by ‫بحلول‬

in ‫في غضون‬

from...to ‫إلى‬..‫من‬

all ‫جميع‬، ‫كل‬

after ‫بعد‬

- By 7.30 tomorrow, I will be flying to Cairo. - They will be waiting for you at 5 o’clock . DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3

We ......... our apartments at this time tomorrow. a clean b will clean c have been cleaning d will be cleaning The plane ............ at this time on Friday. a will fly b will be flying c is flying d flies All students ....... a test at this time next Saturday. a having b have c are having d will be having

Key answers

84

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

Structure 7. Present Perfect Tense ‫المضارع التام‬ ‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث حصل في الماضي و انتهى قبل لحظات أو انتهى في‬ .‫الماضي و الزالت آثاره موجودة حتى اآلن‬ :‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ has / have + ‫التصريف الثالث للفعل‬ :‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ since ‫منذ‬

for ‫لمدة‬

yet ‫حتى اآلن‬ ً recently ‫حديثا‬

ever ‫في األبد‬ ً already ‫تماما‬

just ‫في التو‬ never ً‫أبدا‬

- I have lived in Riyadh for six years. - I have not visited him since 1995. - Ahmed has already finished his homework. - She has written three letters just now. Since & For Since means “from some definite point or period in the past up to now” .‫تعني كلمة ”منذ“ اعتباراً من نقطة أو فترة محددة في الماضي و حتى اآلن‬ For means “a definite period of time”‫تعني كلمة ”لمدة“ على فترة زمنية‬ since ‫منذ‬

For ‫لمدة‬

2 o’clock

a moment

Monday

3 minutes

yesterday

an hour

last night

many hours

last week/ last month/ last year

3 days/ 5 weeks / 4 months

1996

a year

last century

10 years

he came............

a century

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer.

1 2

They .......... each other since they were children. a Knows b know c have known d will know  She ............ to Japan several times. a Was b is c will be d has been ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

85

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 3

I .............. for you for an hour. a Waiting c have waited

b waited d will wait

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8. Past Perfect Tense ‫الماضي التام‬ .‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث حصل و انتهى في لحظة ما في زمن الماضي‬ :‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ had + ‫التصريف الثالث للفعل‬ .‫ قبل‬Before ‫ بعد‬:After ‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ - I had washed before I prayed. - They went home after they had finished their work. - Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought. - As soon as they had bought a car, they drove to Makkah. ً .‫غالبا ما يأتي معه زمن الماضي البسيط الذي حدث بعد انتهاء الماضي التام‬ ‫الحظ أن هذا الزمن‬ DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3

He .......... a shower before he ate breakfast. a has b had c had had d will have By the time we arrived the class, the teacher ......... the door. a closed b was closing c had closed d will close After my mother had cleaned our apartment, the storm ............. a will start b started c starts d is going to start

Key answers

86

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

Structure 9. Future Perfect Tense ‫المستقبل التام‬ .‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث متوقع حدوثه و انتهاؤه في زمن ما في المستقبل‬ :‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ will + have + ‫التصريف الثالث للفعل‬ ‫ عند‬at ،‫ بحلول‬by :‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ - By 2.00 this afternoon, I will have finished my work. - At 10.00 tonight, she will have written five letters. 10. Present Perfect Continuous Tense ‫المستمر المضارع التام‬ .‫يستخدم هذا الزمن للتعبير عن حدث وقع جزء منه و تم في الماضي و لكنه مستمر حتى اآلن‬ :‫يتكون هذا الزمن من‬ has / have + been + ‫ فعل‬+ ing : ‫ لمدة‬for ، ‫ منذ‬since : ‫يأتي هذا الزمن عادة مع كلمات مثل‬ - I have been studying English for six years. - She has been sleeping since 2 o’clock. :‫ الحظ األمثلة التالية‬: ‫لكي نفرق بين المضارع التام المستمر و المضارع التام‬ - Maha started making cakes three hours ago. There are now one hundred cakes on the table. :‫نكون‬ ‫من هذه الجملتين‬ ّ Present Perfect Continuous Tense ‫المستمر ( الوقت ) المضارع التام‬ - She has been making cakes for three hours. Present Perfect Tense ) ‫المضارع التام ( العدد‬ - She has made 100 cakes. DIRECTIONS: Choose the correct answer:

1 2

4

She .......... the newspaper for two hours. a Reads b read c is reading d has been reading You ............ since 10 o’clock. a Swam b have been swimming c swim d will swim It .............. since last March. a has been working b will work c is working d was working

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

87

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Choose the correct answers:

1

2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10

88

Although the police ...... every precaution, the robber managed to escape. a take b takes c has d had taken The boys ...... television unless they have homework. a watch b watches c watched d watching Maria ...... an appointment to see the doctor. It is at 10.00 am. tomorrow. a make b makes c made d has made They ...... when they are ready. a come c will come

b came d have come

Judy ...... watching horror films although she has nightmares afterwards. a like b likes c liked d will like It ..... every afternoon for the past week. The weather forecast predicts rain for next week too. a is raining b was raining c has been raining d had been raining I ... to Tom last night. a writed c wrote

b wroted d writing

Mary .. TV all day! a watched c watching

b watch d was watching

He .. very fast in the race now. a ran b run c runs d is running She .. the newspaper on the train yesterday. a read b readed c red d reading

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Structure Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Imperatives ‫صيغة األمر‬ Imperatives are verbs used at the beginning of sentences either in the affirmative or negative to indicate instructions, invitations, signs and notices or telling someone what to do. ،‫ الدعوى‬،‫صيغة األمر هي أفعال تستخدم في بداية الجمل أما تكون في اإلثبات لتعبر عن التعليمات‬ .‫اإلشارات و المالحظات أو إخبار شخص ماذا يفعل‬ The Imperatives uses the simple form of the verb such as: walk, read, open,....etc. .‫تستخدم صيغة األمر الصيغة البسيطة للفعل أي التصريف األول‬ • Give Instructions ‫إعطاء تعليمات‬ - Mix the flour and the sugar. (Affirmative ‫)إثبات‬ - Take two tablets every four hours. (Affirmative ‫)إثبات‬ • Make Invitations ‫صيغة الدعوى‬ - Come in; make yourselves at home. (Affirmative ‫)إثبات‬ - Please start; do not wait for me. (Negative ‫)نفي‬ • Tell someone what to do ‫إخبار شخص ما سيفعله‬ - Open your book. (Affirmative ‫)إثبات‬ - Do not forget to post the letter. (Negative ‫)نفي‬

Modals ‫األفعال الناقصة‬ A modal has only one form of the verb for all persons, but it can have several meanings and time frames, depending on the context in which it is used. ‫الفعل الناقص له صيغة واحدة مع جميع األشخاص ولكن له عدة معاني و أشكال زمنية حسب‬ .‫المحتوى الذي تستخدم فيه‬ Form ‫ الصيغة‬shall, should, will would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to + (‫)التصريف األول للفعل‬ Modals have no infinitives or past participles. ‫ليس للفعل الناقص مصدر أو تصريف ثالث‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

89

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Modals ‫األفعال الناقصة‬

Expresses ‫تعبر عن‬ Promise ‫وعد‬

shall

should

will

Determination ‫تصميم‬

Example ‫مثال‬ - You shall take a reward. - He does not want to obey me: but he shall.

Threat ‫تهديد‬

- You shall be punished if you come late.

Duty ‫الواجب‬

- You should obey your teachers.

Advice or opinion ‫النصيحة أو الرأي‬

- You should stop smoking.

The simple future tense. - He will visit us tomorrow. ‫صيغة المستقبل البسيط‬ Determination or promise - I will travel when I like. ‫التصميم أو الوعد‬ - We will do as you wish. - I hoped that I might succeed. - I thought that the weather might change

might

Possibility ‫اإلمكانية‬

can, am/is/are able to

Ability ‫المقدرة‬

shall be able, will be able

Ability in the future ‫المقدرة على المستقبل‬

- I shall be able to help you.

could

Past, present or future possibility /‫اإلمكانية في الماضي‬ ‫ المستقبل‬/ ‫المضارع‬

- Fahad could drive his car a year ago. - Ali is not in class today. He could be sick. - Do not leave now. It could rain now.

must

Necessity ‫الضرورة‬

had to

The past form of must past necessity ‫الضرورة في الماضي‬

ought to

Advice‫النصيحة‬

- He can do it carefully. - He is able to solve the problem.

- You must listen to your teachers. - Faisal could not come to our dinner party. He had to stay home to study. - You ought to help the poor.

Actions that were advisable in the past - You ought to have studied. ought to have ‫ أحداث كان من المستحسن‬- (You did not. That was a mistake) ‫عملها في الماضي‬

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Structure Models Affirmative ‫إثبات‬

Negative‫نفي‬

Question ‫سؤال‬

Short Answers ‫إجابات مختصرة‬ Affirmative

Negative

They should eat now.

They should not eat now.

Should they eat Yes, they now? should.

No, they should not.

He will leave.

He will not leave.

Will he leave?

Yes, he will.

No, he will not.

He would succeed.

He would not succeed.

Would he leave?

Yes, he would.

No, he would not.

I might succeed.

I might not succeed.

Might I succeed?

I may sleep.

I may not sleep.

May I sleep?

I can do it.

I can not do it.

Can I do it?

Yes, you can.

No, you can not.

He could talk.

He could not talk.

Could he talk?

Yes, he could.

No, he could not.

We could have a test tomorrow.

We could not have a test tomorrow.

Could we have a test tomorrow?

Yes, you could.

No, he could not.

You must go now.

You must not go now.

Must you go now?

Yes, I must.

No, I must not.

You ought to help them.

You ought not to help them.

Ought you to help them?

Yes, I ought to.

No, I ought not.

Choose the correct answers:

1

2 3

My wife suggested that I drive more slowly. She said I .......... drive more slowly. a must b should c might d could I’m not sure where he is. He ....... be there. a should b has to c may d has got to I just ran out of ink. ......... I borrow your pen for a minute? a Would b May c Should d Must ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

91

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

I .........have tea with sugar in it. a could rather b might rather c should rather d would rather You ............... obey the speed limit. a shall b might c will d had better This is an important meeting . I ......... go. a should b had better c must d would rather There’s plenty of’ time to finish the test. You don’t ...... hurry. a ought to b had better c must d have to You ...... class when you finish your work. a may to leave b may leave c may leaves d may left “What’s wrong?” “You ......... see a doctor soon.” a would rather b might c ought to d will “May I go to the library, please?” “Yes. You ...........” a must b may c should d can

Key answers

92

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1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫مقارنة الصفات ‪Comparing Adjectives‬‬ ‫مقارنة الصفات القصيرة ‪1. Comparing Short Adjectives‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬المقارنة بين شيئين أو شخصين‪:‬‬ ‫في هذا النوع من المقارنة نالحظ إضافة الالحقة ‪ er‬ألغلب الصفات القصيرة ثم كلمة ‪then‬‬ ‫‪Ali is older than Ahmed. My Car is faster than yours.‬‬ ‫إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ‪ e‬فأننا نضيف ‪ r‬فقط‪.‬‬ ‫‪- safe safer than‬‬ ‫‪- simple simpler than‬‬ ‫إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ‪ y‬فأننا نقلب ال ‪ y‬إلى ‪ i‬ثم نضيف ‪ er‬كالعادة‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪- easy‬‬ ‫‪easier than‬‬ ‫ ‪- heavy‬‬ ‫‪heavier than‬‬ ‫تفضيل الصفات القصيرة ‪2. Superlative Short Adjectives‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬المقارنة بين أكثر من شيئين أو شخصين‪:‬‬ ‫نالحظ هنا أهمية كلمة ‪ the‬التي تسبق الصفة المقارنة و يالحظ إضافة ‪ est‬هذه المرة‪.‬‬ ‫‪Everest is the highest mountain. This is the biggest building in Riyadh.‬‬ ‫إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ‪ e‬فأننا ال نضيف ‪ e‬جديدة‪.‬‬ ‫‪- safe the safest‬‬ ‫إذا انتهت الصفة بحرف ‪ y‬فأننا نقلب ال ‪ y‬إلى ‪ i‬ثم نضيف ‪ est‬كالعادة‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪- Easy‬‬ ‫‪the easiest‬‬ ‫مقارنة الصفات الطويلة ‪2. Comparing Long Adjectives‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬المقارنة بين شيئين أو شخصين‪:‬‬ ‫هنا تتكون الصفة من أكثر من مقطع‪ ،‬كل مقطع يحتوي على أكثر من حرفين متحركين متباعدين‪.‬‬ ‫صعب‪difficult‬‬

‫جميل‪beautiful‬‬

‫صحيح‪correct‬‬

‫خطر‪dangerous‬‬

‫فصيح‪Fluent‬‬

‫مهم‪Important‬‬

‫هذا النوع من الصفات ال يقبل ‪ er‬و ال ‪.est‬‬ ‫ففي حالة المقارنة بين شيئين تسبق هذه الصفات كلمة ‪ more‬ثم كلمة ‪than‬‬ ‫‪- Jeddah is more beautiful than Riyadh. French is more difficult than English.‬‬ ‫تفضيل الصفات الطويلة ‪2. Superlative Long Adjectives‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬المقارنة بين أكثر من شيئين أو شخصين‪:‬‬ ‫في حالة المقارنة بين أكثر من شيئين تسبق هذه الصفات كلمة‬ ‫‪- Amal is the most beautiful girl in her class.‬‬ ‫‪- This is the most important subject in this book.‬‬

‫‪93‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

2. Comparing Long Adjectives ‫مقارنة الصفات الطويلة‬ ‫المعنى‬

‫الصفة‬

‫مقارنة بين أثنين‬

‫مقارنة بين أكثر من أثنين‬

‫جيد‬

good

better than

the best

‫سيئ‬

bad

worse than

the worst

‫كثير للمعدود‬ )‫كثير (لغير المعدود‬

many much

more than

the most

)‫قليل (لغير المعدود‬

little

less than

the least

‫بعيد‬

far

farther than

the farthest

as........as )‫تماما مثل (بالضبط‬ not as....as ‫ليس تماما مثل‬ • as........as )‫مثله مثل (بالضبط‬ .‫يستخدم هذا االصطالح حين وجود مساواة بين صفتين‬ - Ali is as tall as his brother. his bag is as big as my bag. • not as........as ‫ليس تماما مثل‬ .‫يستخدم هذا االصطالح في حالة عدم وجود مساواة بين صفتين‬ - Ali is not as tall as his brother. This bag is not as big as my bag.

Adverbs (‫الظروف (األحوال‬ ً An Adverb always modifies a verb. ‫دائما‬ ‫الظرف يصف الفعل‬ Most adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjectives. .‫ للصفة‬ly ‫تكون بإضافة‬ ‫معظم الظروف‬ ّ slow

slowly

nice

nicely

happy

happily

careful

carefully

There are many kinds of adverbs: ‫هناك عدة أنواع من الظروف‬ 1. Adverbs of manner: express how an action was done. .‫الظروف التي تعبر عن كيفية وقوع الحدث‬: ‫الظروف الدالة على السلوك‬ - I closed the window carefully. The soldier fought bravely. 2. Adverbs of time: express the time when an action is or was done. .‫الظروف التي تعبر عن كيفية زمن حدوث الفعل‬: ‫ظروف الزمان‬ - I’m going to leave for Cairo tomorrow. What’s going to happen next?

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Structure 3. Adverbs of place: express when an action is done. .‫الظروف التي تعبر عن مكان وقوع الحدث‬: ‫ظروف المكان‬ - I shall stand here. I’ve looked everywhere for my lost pen. Some words that end in ly can be both adjectives or adverbs. Most of them refer to time. ‫ معظم هذه الكلمات تدل‬.‫ من الممكن أن تكون ظروف أو صفات‬ly ‫بعض الكلمات التي تنتهي بـ‬ .‫على الوقت‬ ً daily‫يوميا‬ ً monthly‫شهريا‬

ً weekly‫أسبوعيا‬ ً yearly‫سنويا‬

- A daily newspaper is published daily. - We get up early to catch an early train. 4. Adverbs of frequency: tell how often we do something. :‫ ومن هذه الظروف‬.‫التي تخبرنا عن عدد مرات حدوث الشيء‬: ‫الظروف الدالة على التكرار‬ ً always‫دائما‬ usually‫عادة‬ seldomً‫نادرا‬ Neverً‫أبدا‬

ً often‫غالبا‬ ً sometimes‫أحيانا‬ Rarelyً‫نادراً جدا‬ Occasionally‫من حين آلخر‬

Verb to BE: ‫ يأتي ظرف التكرار بعد الفعل المساعد‬:‫فعل يكون‬ - Ali is always on time. Other Verbs: ‫ يأتي ظرف التكرار قبل الفعل العادي‬:‫األفعال األخرى‬ - Ali sometimes reads a book. Choose the correct answer:

1

2 3

Khalid is 30 years old. His brother is 23 years old. Khalid is ........... his brother. a more older than b as old as c the same old d older than That tree is ................... this tree. a so tall as b tallest than c taller than d more taller than My friend owns a 2008 Camry and a 1988 Chevrolet. The Camry is .......... the Chevrolet. a newer than b the same age as c as old as d the best ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

95

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 4 5 6 7

8

9 10

His car cost SR. 35,000 . My car cost SR. 25,000. His car is .......... . a expensive than his car b the most expensive c more expensive than mine d as expensive as Which car is ............ of the three ? a expensive c the most expensive

b the expensive d more expensive than

Majid is a good student , but Bader is ........ a better than him b so good as he c same good d best John’s writing is ....; but his sister’s writing is ... than his , and his older brother’s is ... of all. a good.... more good ....most good b bad .... worse ... the worst c good ....the better .... the best d badly ....more badly .... the most badly It is difficult to say which is better. I think that the first is .......... the second. a as good as b better c least good d well August is .......... month in KSA. a hotter than b hottest c the hottest d hot He felt ........ today ..... he did yesterday. a bad b worse than c the worst d badly

Key answers

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1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Structure • Adverbial Clause of Time ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الوقت‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬ when, whenever, as, as soon as, while, after, before, until, since These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of time with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الوقت مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - I found a watch. - I was walking in the street. - I found a watch while I was walking in the street. • Adverbial Clause of Place ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المكان‬ Conjunctions: ‫ أدوات الربط‬: where, wherever These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of place with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المكان مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - Wherever he goes his brother follows him. • Adverbial Clause of Cause ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السبب‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬: because, since, as These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of cause with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السبب مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining. • Adverbial Clause of Manner ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السلوك‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬: As, as if, as through These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of manner with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السلوك مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ ً .‫ ماضي غير حقيقي‬as if ‫دائما يأتي بعد‬ - He speaks as if he were a king. ً .‫ ألنها غير حقيقية و مجرد خيال‬was ‫بدال من‬ were ‫الحظ استخدام‬ - It looks as if it would rain. ً .‫ وهو ماضي غير حقيقي و أنها مجرد توقع‬will ‫بدال من‬ would ‫الحظ استخدام‬ • Adverbial Clause of Purpose ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الغرض‬ Conjunctions: ‫ أدوات الربط‬that, so that, in order that These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of purpose with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الغرض مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or future. .‫المصدر) عندما يكون الفعل الرئيسي في المضارع أو المستقبل‬+‫نستخدم (ربما‬ - He works hard. He wishes to succeed. - He works hard so that (or in order that) he may succeed. b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple past. .‫المصدر) عندما يكون الفعل الرئيسي في الماضي البسيط‬+‫نستخدم (ربما‬ - He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late. ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

97

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

• Adverbial Clause of Result ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على النتيجة‬ We use: so + adverb + that - such + noun+ that to link the main sentence with the adverbial clause of result. .‫تستخدم هذه الصيغ لربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على النتيجة مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - The man is so weak that he can not walk. He wrote such good answers that he got the marks. • Adverbial Clause of Contrast ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على التناقض‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬: though, although These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على التناقض مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - He is poor. He is happy. Although (though) he is poor, he is happy. • Adverbial Clause of Contrast ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المقارنة‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬: as....as , so......as These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المقارنة مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - Nabil is as clever as his father. Sami is not so strong as his brother. • Adverbial Clause of Condition ‫الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الحالة‬ Conjunctions: ‫أدوات الربط‬if, unless These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of condition with the main sentence. .‫أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الحالة مع الجملة الرئيسية‬ - If we are ill, we go to bed. If we work hard, we will succeed. - If we worked hard, we would succeed. If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself. - Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow. as........as )‫تماما مثل (بالضبط‬ not as....as ‫ليس تماما مثل‬ • as........as )‫تماما مثل (بالضبط‬ .‫يستخدم هذا االصطالح حين وجود مساواة بين حالين‬ - Ahmed drives as dangerously as his brother. • not as........as ‫ليس تماما مثل‬ .‫يستخدم هذا االصطالح في حالة عدم وجود مساواة بين حالين‬ - Hamad does not drive as dangerously as his brother.

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‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫المبني للمعلوم و المبني للمجهول ‪Active & Passive‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫معلوما‪.‬‬ ‫يقصد بالمبني للمعلوم هو الجملة التي يكون فاعلها‬ ‫هناك عدة أنواع من المبني للمعلوم و يقصد بالمبني للمجهول هو الجملة التي يكون فاعلها غير‬ ‫معلوم أو قليل األهمية‪.‬‬ ‫المبني للمجهول‪:‬‬

‫‪Command‬‬ ‫األمر‬

‫‪Questions‬‬ ‫األسئلة‬

‫‪Statements‬‬ ‫الجمل الخبرية‬

‫الجمل الخبرية ‪A. Statements‬‬ ‫‪- Ahmed broke the window yesterday.‬‬ ‫هذه الجملة مبني للمعلوم ‪ active‬وذلك ألن الفاعل فيها معلوم وهو ‪. Ahmed‬‬ ‫‪- The window was broken yesterday.‬‬ ‫‪- The window was broken (by Ahmed) yesterday.‬‬ ‫هذه الجملة مبني للمجهول ‪ passive‬وذلك ألن الفاعل فيها غير معلوم وهو ‪ Ahmed‬كما في‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مسبوقا بــ ‪ by‬كما في الجملة الثانية‪.‬‬ ‫الجملة األولى أو وضع مكان المفعول به‬ ‫للتحويل من المبني للمعلوم ‪ active‬إلى المبني للمجهول ‪ passive‬في حالة الجمل الخبرية نتبع‬ ‫الخطوات التالية‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ .1‬المفعول به يصبح فاعال‪( .‬يعرف المفعول به بوجوده بعد الفعل مباشرة)‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مناسبا للمفعول به‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬نضع فعل ‪ verb to be‬في نفس زمن الجملة‬ ‫‪ .3‬ضع الفعل األصلي في التصريف الثالث‪.‬‬ ‫مسبوقا بــ ‪ by‬وقد يشطب إذا كان ضميرا‪ً.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ .4‬نضع الفاعل‬ ‫‪ .5‬أي زيادة في الجملة يوضع كما هو في نهاية الجملة دون تغيير‪.‬‬ ‫مبني للمجهول ‪Passive‬‬

‫مبني للمعلوم ‪Active‬‬

‫‪- Letters are written (by Ali).‬‬

‫‪- Ali writes letters.‬‬

‫‪- The lesson was written (by Huda).‬‬

‫‪- Huda wrote the lesson.‬‬

‫‪- A car will be bought (by Saleh).‬‬

‫‪- Saleh will buy a car.‬‬

‫‪- Ahmed is being helped (by Ali).‬‬

‫‪- Khaled is helping Ahmed.‬‬

‫‪- The apple has been eaten (by her).‬‬

‫‪- She has eaten the apple.‬‬

‫يصرف فعل ‪ to be‬مع األزمنة المختلفة كما يلي‪:‬‬

‫‪99‬‬

‫المضارع البسيط‬

‫‪am, is, are‬‬

‫الماضي البسيط‬

‫‪was, were‬‬

‫المستقبل البسيط‬

‫‪shall be, will be‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫المضارع المستمر‬

‫‪am being, is being, are being‬‬

‫الماضي المستمر‬

‫‪was being, were being‬‬

‫المضارع التام‬

‫‪has been, have been‬‬

‫الماضي التام‬

‫‪had been‬‬

‫كل فعل مساعد‬

‫‪can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought to be‬‬

‫األسئلة ‪B. Questions‬‬ ‫للتحويل من المبني للمعلوم ‪ active‬إلى المبني للمجهول ‪ passive‬في حالة األسئلة نتبع‬ ‫الخطوات التالية ‪:‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ .1‬المفعول به يصبح فاعال‪( .‬يعرف المفعول به بوجوده بعد الفعل مباشرة)‬ ‫‪ .2‬نضع فعل ‪ to be‬في نفس زمن السؤال‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ضع الفعل األصلي في التصريف الثالث‪.‬‬ ‫مسبوقا بــ ‪ by‬وقد يشطب إذا كان ضميرا‪ً.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫‪ .4‬نضع الفاعل‬ ‫‪ .5‬أي زيادة في الجملة يوضع كما هو في نهاية الجملة دون تغيير‪.‬‬ ‫مبني للمجهول ‪Passive‬‬

‫مبني للمعلوم ‪Active‬‬

‫?)‪- Are Letters written (by Ali‬‬

‫?‪- Does Ahmed write letters‬‬

‫?)‪- Was the cake eaten (by him‬‬

‫?‪- Did he eat the cake‬‬

‫?)‪- Will a new car be bought (by Ali‬‬

‫?‪- Will Ali buy a new car‬‬

‫‪- Ahmed is being helped (by Ali).‬‬

‫?‪- Why is he using a pen‬‬

‫?‪- By whom the window was broken‬‬

‫?‪- Who broke the window‬‬

‫األمر ‪C. Command‬‬ ‫للتحويل من المبني للمعلوم ‪ active‬إلى المبني للمجهول ‪ passive‬في حالة األمر نتبع الخطوات‬ ‫التالية ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ضع كلمة ‪ Let‬في أول الجملة‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫فاعال‪( .‬يعرف المفعول به بوجوده بعد الفعل مباشرة)‬ ‫‪ .2‬المفعول به يصبح‬ ‫‪ .3‬ضع فعل ‪ to be‬في نفس الزمن أي األمر فيكون ‪. be‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ضع الفعل األصلي في التصريف الثالث‪.‬‬ ‫مبني للمجهول ‪Passive‬‬

‫مبني للمعلوم ‪Active‬‬

‫‪- Let the lesson be written.‬‬

‫‪- Write the lesson.‬‬

‫‪- Let the door be opened.‬‬

‫‪- Open the door.‬‬

‫‪- Let this letter be sent to your friend.‬‬

‫‪- Send this letter to your friend.‬‬

‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مذيال لذا يجب‬ ‫سؤاال‬ ‫مالحظـة‪ :‬قد تكون الجملة المراد تحويلها إلى المبني للمجهول منفية أو‬ ‫المحافظة على صيغة هذا السؤال أو التذييل عند التحويل إلى المبني للمجهول‪.‬‬

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪Structure‬‬ ‫مبني للمعلوم ‪Active‬‬

‫مبني للمجهول ‪Passive‬‬ ‫‪- Letters are not written (by Ali).‬‬

‫‪- Ali does not write letters‬‬

‫‪- Those novels were written by Dickens,‬‬ ‫?‪weren’t they‬‬

‫‪- Dickens wrote those novels, didn’t‬‬ ‫?‪he‬‬

‫‪- That play wasn’t written by Dickens, was‬‬ ‫?‪it‬‬

‫‪- Dickens didn’t write that play, did‬‬ ‫?‪he‬‬

‫األفعال الالزمة واألفعال المتعدية ‪Transitive & Intransitive Verbs‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مفعوال به‪ .‬مثل ‪Intransitive Verbs‬‬ ‫(األفعال الالزمة) هي التي ال تأخذ‬ ‫‪- The sun rises.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مفعوال به واحداً أو أكثر ‪Intransitive Verbs‬‬ ‫(األفعال الالزمة) هي التي تأخذ‬ ‫‪- Ali raised his hand.‬‬ ‫األفعال الالزمة ال يمكن تحويلها إلى مبني للمجهول لعدم وجود مفعول به بها‪ ،‬أما الجمل التي‬ ‫تحوي أفعال متعدية فيمكن تحويلها إلى مبني للمجهول‪.‬‬ ‫هناك بعض األفعال المتعدية لمفعولين لذا يمكن تحويلها إلى مبني للمجهول‪ .‬مثال‪:‬‬ ‫‪Ahmed gave Huda a flower .‬‬ ‫تبنى بطريقتين‪:‬‬ ‫‪a) Huda was given a flower (by Ahmed).‬‬ ‫‪b) A flower was given to Huda.‬‬ ‫الحظ وضع ‪ to‬للمفعول به العاقل حين تأخيره‬ ‫حروف الجر ‪Prepositions‬‬ ‫حروف الجر كثيرة و متشابكة‪ ،‬فقد يكون للحرف الواحد أكثر من معنى وذلك حسب موقعه في‬ ‫الجملة‪ .‬والطريقة المثلى لتعلم حروف الجر هي التدرب عليها من خالل جمل و ليست كحروف‬ ‫منفصلة‪.‬‬ ‫‪A preposition shows the relation between the subject and the object. There are also‬‬ ‫‪prepositions of time and prepositions of place.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أيضا حروف جر دالة على الزمن‬ ‫تدل حروف الجر على العالقة بين الفاعل و المفعول به و يوجد‬ ‫وحروف جر دالة على المكان‪.‬‬ ‫مثال ‪Example‬‬ ‫‪- On Monday‬‬

‫‪Prepositions‬‬ ‫حروف الجر‬

‫االستخدام ‪Use‬‬ ‫األيام‪Day‬‬

‫‪ - On Friday morning‬األيام ‪ +‬الفترة ‪Day + morning, night‬‬

‫‪101‬‬

‫‪- My birthday is on June 10.‬‬

‫التاريخ ‪Afternoon, evening, date‬‬

‫‪- I will travel on National Day.‬‬

‫أيام خاصة ‪Special days‬‬

‫‪- The tea is on the table.‬‬

‫بمعنى فوق ‪To mean above‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫‪on‬‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Use of Prepositions ‫استخدام حروف الجر‬ Prepositions ‫حروف الجر‬

in

at

Use ‫االستخدام‬

Example ‫مثال‬

Season‫فصل‬

- The trees grow in spring.

Year ‫سنة‬

- I was born in 1968.

Month ‫شهر‬

- The test is in May.

The morning ‫الصباح‬

- I go to work in the morning.

The evening ‫السماء‬

- I go home in the evening

To mean inside ‫في الداخل‬

- He is in the mosque.

Time‫الوقت‬

- I will come back at 2 o’clock.

Festival ‫األعياد و االحتفاالت‬

- I will meet you at the school festival.

Meal times ‫أوقات الوجبات‬

- I will talk to my father at lunch.

The weekend ‫ نهاية األسبوع‬- We will travel at the weekend. Noon ‫الظهر‬

- We pray at noon every day.

Night‫الليل‬

- We sleep at night.

To mean place‫للمكان‬

- He is at the grocer’s.

Prepositions of Place ‫الدالة على المكان حروف الجر‬ Prepositions ‫حروف الجر‬

Use ‫االستخدام‬

Example ‫مثال‬

To mean inside‫بمعنى داخل‬

- Put this book in the box.

In a country ‫في بلد‬

- I live in Saudi Arabia.

In a town./street ‫في شارع‬/‫ في مدينة‬- I live in Al-Madina. in

in bed ‫في الفراش‬

- The baby is in bed.

In a building or area ‫في مبنى أو‬ ‫منطقة‬

- You were in the club last night.

In- on a chair ‫على الكرسي‬

- Ali is sitting in his chair.

Prepositions of Place ‫الدالة على المكان حروف الجر‬

102

Prepositions ‫حروف الجر‬

Use ‫االستخدام‬

with

‫بمعنى بـ‬

- I write with a pen.

from

‫بمعنى من‬

- I am from Riyadh.

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ @AmalQhtani

Example ‫مثال‬

Structure behind

‫بمعنى خلف‬

- The wall is behind the class.

between

‫بمعنى بين‬

- Samah is sitting between Fatma and Salwa.

on

TV ‫على شاشة‬ ‫التلفزيون‬

- Ali watches football on TV every Saturday.

Time ‫ الوقت المحدد‬- He arrives on time. in

‫في‬

- The medicine is in the bottle.

on

‫على‬

- The knife is on the table.

at

‫ بالقرب‬،‫عند‬

- Someone is at the door.

near

‫بالقرب من‬

- Ahmed is sitting near the window.

between

‫بين‬

opposite

‫مقابل‬

into

‫ في‬،‫داخل‬

onto

‫على‬

off

‫من على‬

- The man is falling off the chair.

out of

‫من فوق‬

- The child is falling out of the window.

across

‫ خالل‬،‫عبر‬

- The carpenter cut across the wood.

over/above

‫ أعلى‬،‫فوق‬

- The light is over (above) the table.

under/below

‫ أسفل‬،‫تحت‬

- The fire is under (below) the stairs.

through

‫ خالل‬،‫عبر‬

among

‫وسط‬

- The teacher is sitting among the students.

round

‫حول‬

- The car is going round the tree.

in front of

‫أمام‬

- The child is sitting in front of the TV.

behind

‫ وراء‬،‫خلف‬

- The headmaster is sitting behind the pupils.

on top of

‫ على‬،‫فوق‬

- The sweets are on top of the table.

at the side of

‫بجانب‬

along

‫على طول‬

next to

‫بجوار‬

- The house is between the school and the mosque. - The bank is opposite to the post office. - The electrician is putting his hand into the TV. - The water is spilling onto the floor.

- The ball is going through the window.

- The garage is at the side of the house. - The man is walking along the street. - The bank is next to the baker’s.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

103

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫األسئلة المذيلة ‪Question-Tags‬‬ ‫هذا النوع من األسئلة يطلق عليها األسئلة المذيلة وهي تعادل ”أليس كذلك؟“ باللغة العربية‪.‬‬ ‫وهو عبارة عن سؤال مختصر يتبع جملة خبرية تسبقه وهذا السؤال عادة ما يخالف هذه الجملة‬ ‫من حيث اإلثبات أو ألنفي‪ .‬فإذا كانت الجملة التي تسبقه مثبتة يكون هذا السؤال في النفي وإذا‬ ‫ً‬ ‫مثبتا‪.‬‬ ‫كانت منفية يكون السؤال‬ ‫أما جواب هذا السؤال فيتبع الجملة من حيث اإلثبات أو النفي أي يخالف السؤال‪.‬‬ ‫هذا النوع من األسئلة متداول كثيراً عند التحدث باللغة اإلنجليزية إال أنه يقل استخدامه في‬ ‫اإلنجليزية المكتوبة‪.‬‬ ‫“أسئلة نتوقع اإلجابة عليها بـ“نعم ”‪Questions that we expect the answer “Yes‬‬ ‫انظر هذا السؤال و اإلجابة عليه‪:‬‬ ‫?‪- There’s a supermarket near here, isn’t there‬‬ ‫‪- Yes , there is.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫منفيا‪ .‬أما الجواب‬ ‫الجملة التي تقدمت هذا السؤال جملة مثبتة لذا جاء السؤال عليها (التذييل)‬ ‫فيكون باإلثبات ‪Yes‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫سؤاال من هذا النوع نقدم الفعل المساعد ثم نضع ‪ Not‬بعده وذلك للنفي‪.‬‬ ‫ولكي نكون‬ ‫و اآلن انظر المثال التالي‪:‬‬ ‫?‪- You come from the United States, don’t you‬‬ ‫‪- Yes, I do.‬‬ ‫في هذا المثال تم تذييل السؤال باستخدام ‪ do‬وذلك لعدم وجود فعل مساعد‪.‬‬ ‫“أسئلة نتوقع اإلجابة عليها بـ“ال ”‪Questions that we expect the answer “No‬‬ ‫‪1) You don’t come from Saudi Arabia, do you? No, I don’t.‬‬ ‫‪2) It doesn’t take long time be car, does it? No, it doesn’t.‬‬ ‫الحظ هنا أن السؤال في زمن المضارع البسيط لذا استخدمنا ‪ do, does‬كفعل مساعد‪.‬‬ ‫‪3) You didn’t travel last year, did you? No, I didn’t.‬‬ ‫الحظ هنا أن السؤال في زمن الماضي البسيط لذا استخدمنا ‪ did‬كفعل مساعد‪.‬‬

‫لو“ الشرطية” ”‪Conditional “if‬‬ ‫تصريف أول ‪will +‬‬

‫مضارع ‪1) if + present‬‬

‫هذا الحدث ممكن وقوعه‬ ‫)إن تمطر غداً ‪ ،‬سأبقى في البيت( ‪- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.‬‬ ‫‪- If you eat too much, you will become fat.‬‬ ‫تصريف أول ‪would +‬‬

‫ماضي ‪2) if + past‬‬

‫هذا الحدث غير ممكن أو مستحيل وقوعه‪.‬‬ ‫‪- If Shakespeare lived today, he would use different English.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أيضا أننا استخدمنا الفعل الماضي البسيط‬ ‫حيا اليوم‪ .‬الحظ‬ ‫الحظ أن شكسبير مستحيل أن يكون‬ ‫مع جملة لكنه ال يدل على الماضي‪.‬‬

‫تابعوني على التويتر‬ ‫‪@AmalQhtani‬‬

‫‪104‬‬

Structure .‫ ) في الجزء الثاني من الجملة وهذه هي القاعدة‬would + ‫واستخدمنا ( المصدر‬ ً ‫ حتى لو كان‬was ‫ في هذه القاعدة و ال نستطيع استخدام‬were ‫ تتحول إلى‬be ‫أيضا أن‬ ‫الحظ‬ ً.‫الفاعل مفردا‬ - If I were you, I would buy a new car. 3) if + had +‫ تصريف ثالث‬would have + ‫تصريف ثالث‬ - If he had lived in Taif, he would have been happy. - If he had visited Makkah, he would have seen the Ka’aba. 4) if + present ‫ مضارع‬present ‫مضارع‬ ‫يستخدم هذا التركيب في الحالة التي تكون فيها نتيجة الفعل حقيقة دائمة و ثابتة‬ - If you boil water, it becomes steam. (ً‫ فأنه يصبح بخارا‬،‫)لو أننا غلينا الماء‬ ‫ في المضارع و ليست‬becomes ‫وهذه حقيقة ثابتة و ليست مقيدة بوقت معين لذا جاءت كلمة‬ .‫في المستقبل‬ 5) if + present ‫ مضارع‬instructions ‫تعليمات‬ - If the radio is too loud, turn it off. Or Turn the radio off if it is too loud. - If you are under 17, don’t drive a car. Or Don’t drive a car if you are under 17.

Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3 4 5

If I had a pen, I ........ it to you. a will lend b would lend c lent d lend If the weather ........ nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. a were b will be c was d is If I ..... you, I would accept the invitation. a was b were c am d will be Water ...... if the temperature goes below 32° F. a freeze b froze c will freeze d freezes If he ........ this class, he wouldn’t give tests. a taught b teaches c teach d ‘d teach

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

105

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫‪Key answers‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫الكالم المنقول ‪Reported Speech‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أيضا الكالم الغير مباشر ‪Indirect Speech‬‬ ‫هذا النوع من الجمل يسمى‬ ‫‪There are four kinds of direct and Indirect Speech.‬‬ ‫هناك أربعة أنواع من الكالم المباشر و غير المباشر‪:‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Exclamation‬‬ ‫التعجب‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Command‬‬ ‫الطلب‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Statement‬‬ ‫الجملة الخبرية‬

‫‪Question‬‬ ‫السؤال‬

‫الجملة الخبرية ‪• Statement‬‬ ‫لتحويل جملة خبرية من مباشر ‪ direct‬إلى كالم منقول ‪ Reported‬نتبع الخطوات التالية‪:‬‬ ‫‪1 .1‬نضع االسم أو الضمير ثم فعل القول ‪said‬‬ ‫‪2 .2‬نضع أداة الربط ‪ that‬و يمكننا االستغناء عنها‪.‬‬ ‫‪3 .3‬نحول الضمائر حسب المعنى و أهم هذه الضمائر‪:‬‬ ‫‪they‬‬

‫‪we‬‬

‫‪she‬‬

‫‪he‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪their‬‬

‫‪our‬‬

‫‪her‬‬

‫‪his‬‬

‫‪My‬‬

‫‪4 .4‬نحول األزمنة كما يلي‪:‬‬ ‫ماضي ‪Past‬‬ ‫ماضي تام ‪Past Perfect‬‬

‫ مضارع ‪Present‬‬ ‫ ماضي ‪Past‬‬

‫‪5 .5‬نحول بعض الكلمات إن وجدت كما يلي‪:‬‬ ‫حينئذ ‪ then‬اآلن ‪Now‬‬ ‫هناك ‪ there‬هنا ‪here‬‬ ‫‪ the night before‬الليلة الماضية ‪Last night‬‬

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‫‪106‬‬

Structure This ‫ هذا‬that ‫تلك‬ yesterday ‫ امس‬ the day before tomorrow ‫ غدا‬ the following day Direct ‫مباشر‬

Indirect ‫غير مباشر‬

- “I live in Riyadh”

- He said that he lived in Riyadh.

- “We are happy”

- They said that they were happy.

- She said: "I have not been in the school - She said that she had not been to the library recently”. school library recently. - He said to me: "I shall see you - He told me that he would see me the tomorrow”. next day. ً and added that :‫بدال منها عبارة‬ ‫) بين جملتين لشخص متكلم واحد نضع‬.( ‫إذا كان هناك‬ :‫والتي تعني أضاف‬ - They said to him: “We shall see you tomorrow. We shall visit Ahmed”.

- They told him that they would see him the next day and added that they would visit Ahmed.

‫ مضارع حينئذ ال تغير أزمنة الجملة إنما التغيير يكون فقط في‬say, says ‫إذا كانت كلمة القول‬ :‫الضمائر‬ - She says: “I will cook the food tomorrow”.

- She says that she will cook the food tomorrow.

- We say: “We are playing football now”.

- We say that we are playing football now.

• Question ‫السؤال‬ :‫ نتبع الخطوات التالية‬reported ‫ إلى كالم منقول‬direct ‫لتحويل سؤال من مباشر‬ :‫ وهي كما يلي‬،‫ يحدد زمن السؤال‬asked ‫الفعل‬1 .1 Present ‫ مضارع‬ Past ‫ماضي‬ Past ‫ ماضي‬ Past Perfect ‫ماضي تام‬ .‫إذا كان السؤال يحتوي على أداة سؤال تستخدم نفسها كأداة ربط‬2 .2 .‫يتم تحويل السؤال إلى جملة خبرية و هو بتقديم الفاعل على الفعل المساعد‬3 .3 .‫يالحظ تغيير بعض الضمائر حسب معنى الجملة‬4 .4 Direct ‫مباشر‬

Indirect ‫غير مباشر‬

- “What is your name?”.

- He asked me what my name was.

- “Why are you late?”

- The teacher asked me why I was late.

- “Where is your book?”.

- He asked me where my book was. :‫ كأداة ربط للسؤال الذي ال يحتوي على أداة سؤال‬if ‫تستخدم‬

- “Is your school very large?”.

- He asked me if my school was very large.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

107

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

.‫ احذفها و حول الفعل إلى زمن الماضي البسيط‬does ‫ أو‬do ‫إذا كان السؤال يبدأ أو يحتوي على‬ - “Where do you live”.

- He asked me where I lived.

- “Does he go to school?”.

- I asked him if he went to school.

‫ احذفها و حول الفعل إلى زمن الماضي البسيط (تصريف‬did ‫إذا كان السؤال يبدأ أو يحتوي على‬ .) had + ‫ثالث‬ - “Where did you go yesterday?”.

- Sami asked me where I had gone the day before.

- “Did Ahmed buy a new car?”.

- Ali asked me if Ahmed had bought a new car.

‫ مضارع حينئذ ال تغير أزمنة الجملة إنما التغيير يكون فقط في‬ask, asks ‫إذا كانت كلمة السؤال‬ :‫الضمائر‬ - “Who is your English teacher?”.

- They ask me who my English teacher is.

- “What are your marks?”.

- He asks me what my marks are.

• Command ‫الطلب‬ :‫ نتبع الخطوات التالية‬reported ‫ إلى كالم منقول‬direct ‫لتحويل جملة طلبية من مباشر‬ .‫ ) إذا كان الكالم يقصد به األمر‬ordered ‫نستخدم ( أمر‬1 .1 .‫ ) إذا كان الكالم يقصد به الرجاء و التوسل‬begged ‫ونستخدم ( رجاء‬ .‫ ) إذا كان الكالم يقصد به النصيحة‬advised ‫ونستخدم ( نصح‬ .‫ ) إذا كان الكالم موجه من شخص إلى شخص يساويه في المرتبة‬told ‫ونستخدم ( أخبر‬ ‫ قبل الفعل‬to ‫احذف األقواس المفتوحة و ضع كلمة‬2 .2 .‫ من الجملة إن وجدتا‬please, do ‫احذف كلمتي‬3 .3 ‫غير بعض الكلمات و الضمائر حسب المعنى وكما سبق‬4 .4 Direct ‫مباشر‬

Indirect ‫غير مباشر‬

- He said to the servant: “bring me a glass of water”.

- He ordered the servant to bring him a glass of water.

- The son said to his father: “please , give me some money”.

- The son begged his father to give him some money.

- The doctor said to me: “Drink a lot of water”.

- The doctor advised me to drink a lot of water.

- He said to me: “Do not go to the market tonight”.

- He told me not to go to the market that night.

• Exclamation ‫التعجب‬ :‫ نتبع االتي‬reported ‫ إلى كالم منقول‬direct ‫لتحويل جملة تعجب من مباشر‬ ً :‫بدال منها كلمة تدل عليها مثل‬ ‫احذف كلمة التعجب وضع‬1 .1

108

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Structure With regret ‫بندم‬

With anger‫بغضب‬

With joy ‫بفرح‬

With admiration‫بإعجاب‬

With sadness ‫بحزن‬ that ‫احذف األقواس وضع كلمة‬2 .2 .‫غير الكلمات و الضمائر و األفعال حسب المعنى وكما سبق في الجملة الخبرية‬3 .3 ‫ وتعرفها‬How, What :‫ كلمات التعجب إما أداة استفهام استعمل ككلمة تعجب مثل‬:‫مالحظة‬ !! ‫بوجود عالمة تعجب في نهاية الجملة‬ ! ‫ و تعرفها بوجود عالمة التعجب‬Alas, Hurrah, Oh :‫أو كلمة تعجب بذاتها مثل‬ Direct ‫مباشر‬

Indirect ‫غير مباشر‬

- He said : “Alas! I will not find my money”.

- He said with sorrow that he would not find his money.

- He said : “How foolish I have been”.

- He said with regret that he had been foolish.

Choose the correct answer:

1 2 3 4 5 6

Saleh said that she ...... sleepy.” a is b were c was d Be He asked us if we ..... left the day before. a can b should c had d did My son said he ...... too busy yesterday.“ a would be b were c is d was Fatimah said she ...... my doctor.” a sees b is seeing c will see d had seen Sam said he ..... to my instructor.” a talks b should talk c has to d may talk He warned us....... at the gas station. a not to smoke b don’t smoke c we don’t smoke d not smoke

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

109

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 7 8

He asked her if she ..... there. a was working c works

b works d will work

He told us ...... the good work. a keep up c keeps up

b to keep up d keeping up

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

General Questions on Structures 1 2 3 4 5 6

110

How often do you play tennis? a On Tuesday. c Almost every day.

b For two hours. d With John.

Where do you usually eat lunch? a Sandwich. c At 12:00.

b With Jane. d In the cafeteria.

How long did you study last night? a With Bob. b In my room. c English. d For three hours. What kind of novels do you like? a Yes, I do. c I like eating. What kind of work do you do? a I work every day. c I worked for two hours.

b I like spy novels. d No, I don`t. b I’m a piano teacher.

How many hours a day do you watch TV? a About two hours. b In my living room. c I watch the news. d On Tuesday.

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Structure 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

What is your busiest day of the week? a In the morning. b Every day. c Tuesday. d Last week. My mother is a good cook. a I agree with you. c I agree to you.

b I agree you. d I agree for you.

What does «TV» mean? a For one hour. c Television.

b Yes d For one hour.

How do you spell «dog»? a D-O-G c Cat.

b I don’t d I have one dog.

What did you do yesterday? a I am swimming. c I will swim.

b I swim. d I swam.

What do you like to drink? a Coffee. c Two.

b Saturday evening. d With my friends.

What did you eat last night? a At six. c With my family.

b Spaghetti. d At home.

What are you doing? a I’m eating. c I will be eating.

b I ate. d I have eaten.

What will you do this afternoon? a I play soccer. c I’ll play soccer.

b I played soccer. d I was playing soccer.

It seems to me that most restaurants are too expensive? a I don’t think it. b I don’t think. c I don’t think so. Where’s Mike? a At school. c For three hours.

b At eight. d No, he isn’t. ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

111

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

112

Where do you do your homework? a With John. c About one hour.

b In the evening. d At home.

When did you go to that restaurant? a Spaghetti. b With Jane. c Last night. d About 30 minutes. When was the last time you took a picture? a A picture of Jane. b Seven pictures. c About four days ago. d With my camera. What were you doing last night at 7:00? a I sleep. b I slept. c I will be sleeping. d I was sleeping. When will you mail that letter? a Tomorrow. c At school.

b To Jane.

What are you going to do after dinner? a I took a bath b I’ll take a bath. c I take a bath. How long have you been playing the trumpet? a About 50 cm. b For four years. c In my room. d By myself. How many hours a day do you sleep? a I have slept 7 hours. b I am sleeping 7 hours. c I slept 7 hours. d I sleep 7 hours. How often do you write letters? a Two pages. c Two people

b Two times a week. d Two hours.

What’s your favorite sport? a Swim.

b Swimming.

When was the last time you went shopping? a Yesterday. b Tomorrow. c Near the Station.

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Structure 29 30 31 32 33

How often do you speak on the telephone? a At least once a day. b In the evening? c On time. How many times have you gone camping? a Three people b Three days. c Three times. When’s your birthday? a November two. c November second.

b November twice.

Where are you from? a Egypt. c At school.

b American.

How do you get to school? a On train. c By train.

b In train. d Buy train.

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

113

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

114

General Questions

What time do you get up in the morning ? a At seventeen. b At seven O’clock. c At midnight. Have you studied English before ? a Yes, when I was born. b Yes, but I need practice in speaking. c Yes, I’m interested in your English course. What are you going to do on your summer vacation ? a I haven’t thought about it. b I traveled last summer. c I might have worked hard. What is your city like ? a It’s small, but nice . b I like it a lot . c I have no idea. How old are you ? a I’d rather not tell my husband. b I’d rather not show you . c I’d rather not say. Why is Bill so angry ? a The teacher made him study the verbs. b The teacher excused him for being late. c The teacher gave him a good grade. Can I pay by check ? I don’t have any cash on me . a Sorry, we only take hard cash. b Sorry, the checks were stolen. c Sorry, that’s not fair. How would you like your steak ? a Rare, please. b No, thanks. c A slice, please Excuse me, can you tell me where the museum is ? a You have to know the ropes. b It’s at the end of this street. c Why do I have to tell you ?

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Structure 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Do you still feel homesick ? a Well, I’m getting over it a little. b Well, I feel dizzy . c Yes, I have problems back home . Where can you have your hair cut ? a At a hairdresser’s. b At a beautiful spot. c At a grocer’s . How long does it take you to get to class ? a It takes fifteen minutes. b I take medicine . c I take the bus . Did she leave a message ? a No, she left the room. b Yes, she’ll leave one. c No, she said she’d call later. May I borrow your car next Thursday? my friend is coming to visit me and I’d like to show her around. a Sure. Maybe some other time. b Sure. Any time. c Sure, Thursday was good. Are you planning to buy an apartment ? a No, I just want a big one. b No, I just want to rent one. c Yes, I’ve already bought one . How much do you weigh ? a I weigh a hundred pounds. b That girl is twice my weight . c I don’t want to wait. How about going to the theater tonight ? a Sorry I have a business meeting tonight . b Sure. Maybe some other time. c I’m sorry to hear that . Don’t you have the right change ? a No, let’s change it here . b No, I don’t want to look strange . c No, I only have two nickels.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

115

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 19

20

When do you write to your friends ? a I don’t know . b I write to my friends at home . c I do it whenever I have time . Can I see your ticket, please ? a I’m afraid I can’t find it . b Yes, it’s a ticket. c No, it’s mine .

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

Articles 1 2 3

116

May I have your ... phone number ? a a b an c the d { Nothing } What is ... name of the next station ? a a b an c the d { Nothing } This is .... easy question. a a b an c the d { Nothing }

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Structure 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Please tell me your .... address. a a b an c the d { Nothing } Please speak .... little louder. a a b an c the d { Nothing } David is ... best student in our class. a a b an c the d { Nothing } I have never seen .... UFO. a a b an c the d { Nothing } He has .... my car today. a a b an c the d { Nothing } Is there .... public telephone near here ? a a b an c the d { Nothing } I went to..... sea during my summer vacation. a a b an c the d { Nothing } This coat was designed by ... famous New York artist. a a b an c the d { a or the } Can you tell me how to get to ... bank from here? a a b an c the d { Nothing } ... city museum is closed today. a a b an c the d { Nothing } He is one of ... smartest people I know. a a b an c the d { Nothing }

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

117

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 15 16 17 18 19 20

I recommend you eat ... apple pie at this restaurant. a a b an c the d { Nothing } ... milk is good for you. a a b an c the d { Nothing } Would you like to see ... movie? a a b an c the d { a or the } ... apple a day keeps ... doctor away. a a b an c the d { An/ the } I can’t believe I failed ... yesterday’s test! a a b an c the d { Nothing } Do you have ... dictionary that I can borrow? a a b an c the d { Nothing }

Key answers

118

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1

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

Structure Plural 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

There are many ... (thief) in the big cities. a thiefs b thieves c theif d thiev We should throw away these old ... (tooth brush). a teeth brush b tooth brushes c teeth brushes ...(ox) and ...(goose) are animals. a Oxes; geese c Oxen; gooses

b Oxen; geese

Did you buy two silk ...(scarf) for your sister? a scarfs b scarves c scarve d scarfes The ...(chief) of those tribes decided to fight for their lands. a chieves b chiefs c chief d chiefes You shouldn’t base your argument only on your ... (hypothesis). a hypothesis b hypotheses c hypothes d hypothsess We can’t question people’s ... (belief). a beliefs b believes c beliefes d believe Two ... (wolf) are following the eskimo. a wolfs b wolves c wolfes d wolv Scientists are always studying the ... (phenomenon) of nature. a phenomenons b phenomena c phonenons That hunter killed six ... (deer) last week. a deers b deer c deeres d deerees

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

119

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Plural or Possessive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

120

There are many ... in our city. a churchs c churches

b church d church’s

I don’t like .... a cats c cat’s

b cat d cats’

There are many ... in our house. a mice c mouse’s

b mouse d mouses

Please put the shoes on the baby’s .... a foots b feet c foot’s d foot’s One of the ... broke his glasses. a man b men’s c men d man’s The ... rooms are upstairs. a childs c childrens’

b children’s d children

Most of the ... have already changed colors. a leaf b leaves c leafs d leafs’ There are some ... playing in the park. a child’s b child c children d childs

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Structure 9 10 11 12

How many ... does the farmer have? a goose b gooses c geeses d geese That is my ... umbrella. a fathers b father’s c father d fathers’ How many ... have you visited? a country’s c countries

b countrys d country

That woman bought six .... a knife c knives

b knife’s d knifes

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

Pronouns 1 2 3 4

He came to see ... last night. a I b me c my d your My car is new, but ... car is old. a his b he’s c him d He That coat of ... is very warm. a his b him c He d He’s The bird sang ... happy tune. a it b it’s c its d it is ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

121

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

122

She has an apple in ... hand. a she b her c hers d She’s Larry and Frank are friends of .... a us b our c ours d we The dog ate ... meal. a it’s b its c it d he’s I gave ... my pencil. a he b him c his d she ... school is in the mountains. a Our b Us c We d Ours William and Tracy love ... dog. a Our b their c theirs d they We are glad that you could stay with .... a ours b we c our d us Listen to ... carefully. a she b hers c her d his Do you have a dictionary? Yes, I have a good .... a another b some c one d mine Her uncle is a doctor, isn’t ...? a he b she c it d they Bob and Ted live near ... school. a them b their c they d they’s

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Structure 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

26

I want to sit between you and .... a him b he c she d hers The teacher told ... an interesting story. a us b ours c we d our That old woman is kind to .... a us b we c our d ours It was my brother who went with .... a her b she c we d they «Is she writing to Leonardo di Caprio?» «Yes, she is in love with ...!» a her b him c his d she «John is making a lot of noise!» «I’ll ask ... to be quiet.» a him b it c its d hers «Please tell Mrs. Smith to come in.» «Sorry, I don’t know ....» a her b him c she d his «I can’t find my glasses!» «You are wearing ...!» a them b there c they d his «Do you like bananas?» «I love ... !» a hers b its c them d him «Why is he always talking about Pamela Anderson?» «He obviously likes ... !» a her b him c she d hers «Where is my book? Oh, dear! I’ve lost ... !» a him b it c its d her ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

123

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 27 28 29 30

31 32 33

«Is that Mary’s new boyfriend?» «Don’t ask me, ask ...!» a her b his c it d hers «What is the title of that song?» «I’m afraid I can’t remember ....» a him b it c them d his «Why is David so happy?» «His friends gave ...a guitar for his birthday!» a him b it c them d hers «What are you going to do with those old papers?» «I’m going to recycle ....» a their b them c they d his «Let’s see the latest Spielberg movie!» «I have seen ... already!» a him b it c there d her «How are your parents? I haven’t seen ... for some time now!» a them b there c they d his «Have you met Tom and Lisa?» «No, I have never met ... .» a its b the c them d him

Key answers

124

1

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

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Structure Tag Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

You’re coming to the party, ...? a aren’t you b isn’t you

c shouldn’t you

It wasn’t very difficult, ...? a wasn’t it b isn’t it

c was it

Tom is getting something for Sue, ...? a wasn’t he b isn’t he

c was he

It won’t be anything expensive, ...? a won’t it b isn’t it

c will it

There’s some milk in the refrigerator, ...? a isn’t there b isn’t it

c wasn’t it

We don’t need to go to the store today, ...? a don’t we b do I

c do we

Susan can bring some food, ...? a won’t she b will she

c can’t she

The party starts at eight o’clock, ...? a isn’t it b doesn’t it

c does it

The movie was very long, ...? a isn’t it b wasn’t it

c was it

There’s a dictionary on the shelf, ...? a isn’t it b isn’t there

c aren’t there

There’s a lot of noise outside, ...? a aren’t there b isn’t there

c is there

Mrs. Smith is sick, ...? a isn’t she

b is she

c wasn’t she

The dishes are dirty, ...? a weren’t they b isn’t they

c aren’t they

Steven won’t be at the party, ...? a won’t he b isn’t he

c will he

The math test was very difficult, ...? a wasn’t it b isn’t it

c weren’t they ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

125

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

126

We can go tomorrow, ...? a won’t we b can we

c can’t we

I’m early, ...? a isn’t I

c are I

b aren’t I

This shirt is too big for me, ...? a isn’t it b doesn’t it

c does it

Emily plays the piano well, ...? a isn’t it b does she

c doesn’t she

Your neighbors went on vacation, ...? a isn’t they b didn’t they

c aren’t they

He hasn’t done it yet, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He’s been to Italy twice, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He’s got a camera, ...? a has he

b hasn’t he

c had he

He’s got a nice house,...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He hadn’t got his time to talk, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He hasn’t got any children, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

Robert hasn’t got any money left, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He has a beautiful wife, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

He’s got my newspaper again, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

Andrew hadn’t grown much, ...? a has he b hasn’t he

c had he

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Structure Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

Subject-Verb Agreement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

The Nile River ... from south to north. a flows b flow

c flowes

My parents ... to buy a new car for my brother. a wants b want

c wantes

The biggest house on my street ... five bedrooms. a have b has c are January and March ... 31 days. a have b has

c is

My brother ... to buy a new car. a want b wants

c wanting

He ... too quickly. a drives

c driving

b drive

January ... 31 days. a has b have

c were

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

127

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

128

This telephone ... a new receiver. a need b needs The books ... on the table in the living room. a is b are Tuesday ... a very long day for me. a are b is Some Canadians ... English and French. a speak b speaks The teacher ... French and English. a know

b knows

Tomorrow’s homework ... on page 37. a begin b begins Tuesday and Wednesday ... very long days for Susan. a are b is These telephones ... new receivers. a need b needs My teacher and your teacher ... French and English. a knows b know His name ... John. a are b is German ... a difficult language to learn. a is b are Greek and Chinese ... difficult languages to learn. a is b are A trip from here to London ... about 7 hours. a take b takes

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Structure Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

Choose the correct answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Articles

I wrote to him, but ...... letter never arrived. a a b an c the Japan is ..... island. a a b an c the Jim is ..... very nice person. a a b an c the What is ..... tallest mountain in Japan? a a b an c the Yoko is in ..... bathroom. a a b an c the Can you turn on ..... TV, please. a a b an c the You look tired You need ..... vacation. a a b an c the

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

129

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 8 9 10

Kenji is ..... best player on the team. a a b an c the Can you ride ..... bicycle? a a b an c the How far is it to ..... airport? a a b an c the

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Choose the correct answers:

1

2 3

4

130

Tenses

Although the police ...... every precaution, the robber managed to escape. a take b takes c has taken d had taken The boys ...... television every night unless they have homework. a watch b watches c watched d watching Maria ...... an appointment to see the doctor. It is at 10.00 am. tomorrow. a make b makes c made d has made They ...... when they are ready. a come c will come

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b came d have come

Structure 5

6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Judy ...... watching horror films although she has nightmares afterwards. a like b likes c liked d will like It ...... every afternoon for the past week. The weather forecast predicts rain for next week too. a is raining b was raining c has been raining d had been raining I ...... the door before I realized that the keys were inside the house. a lockd b locked c has locked d had locked When Sally ...... her first pay, she bought presents for her parents. a receives b received c has received d had received It’s lovely to wake up in the morning and ...... birds singing. a hear b hears c heard d hearing He .......... soccer yesterday. a plays c played

b play d playing

I ............ 50m last week. a swam c swim

b swum d swims

She ........... too much chocolate. a eat b eaten c ate d eating Who .. the match? a wan c won

b winning d winned

I .. here last year as well. a came c come

b comes d coming

John .. to New York last month. a go c went

b going d goes ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

131

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

132

I .... to Tom last night. a write c wrote Mary .... TV all day! a watched c watching

b writing d writes b watch

He ..... very fast in the race this morning. a ran b run c runs d running She ..... the newspaper on the train yesterday. a read b readed c reads d reading It ........ almost every day in Manchester. a rain b rains c raining d had she ..............in London. a live b lives c living My best friend ........ to me every week. a write b writes c writing d has John ...... very hard in class, but I don’t think he’ll pass the course. a try b trys c tries d trying The bank ............. at four o’clock. a close c closes

b closing d has

Joe is so smart that she ........... every exam without even trying. a pass b passing c passes d had .................... your homework yet ? a Did you do c Have you do

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b Has you done d Have you done

Structure 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Which books ......................... to school yesterday? a did you take b do you take c have you taken d take you When ...................to school yesterday ? a have you arrived b has you arrived c did you arrived d did you arrive We ............. my aunt next week on Friday. a will visit b visited c is visiting d have visited We ............................... that film. a will already seen c has already seen

b have already seen d already saw

The weather forecast says the sun ............ tomorrow. a is going to shine b is shining c shines d will shine She .......... in this house for years. a lives b have lived c is lived d has been living Many things ..... this month. a change c has changed

b didn’t changed d have changed

Look! She ....................... her 5 o clock tea . a are drinking b drink c drinks d is drinking Leif Ericson.....Vinland while he ............towards the west. a was discovering ... sailed b has discovered ... were sailing c has discovered ... was sailing d discovered ... was sailing If I ....................... the Superman, I ........................ a would be - would fly b would - be flew c were - would fly d were - will fly I ............. (finish) doing this exercise. a just have finished b just finished c have just finished d has just finished

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

133

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 38

39 40 41

42

43

44

45

134

I ......................... positive reviews about that film in the papers so I am going to see it. a has read b have read c reads d will read Hi Jane, you ..... sad! What’s up? a are looking c look

b is looking d looks

He ..................... mineral water every day. a are drinking b drink c drinks d is drinking He was late. When he ................. at the airport, the plane ................... a arrived ... had already left b had arrived ... had left c had arrived ... left d left ... had arrived He ......................... about everything! a will always complain b is complaining c is always complaining d always complains Harry ............... and we .............. him the news. a wakes up / told b was waking up / told c woke up / told d woke up / were telling After he ......................painting, he .................a shower. a finish / have b finished / had c had finished / had d had finished / had had ........................................... rugby? a Did you ever played b Has you ever played c Have you ever play d Have you ever played

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Structure Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

34

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

35

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

36

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

37

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

38

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

39

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

40

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

41

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

42

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

43

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

44

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

45

a

b

c

d

Passive

Choose the right passive form from the answers given.:

1

2

3

Someone is viewing this page right now. a This page is viewed right now by someone b This page is being viewed by someone right now c This page is being viewed right now. She is used to cleaning the floor everyday. a The floor is used to clean by she everyday. b The floor is used to being cleaned everyday. c The floor is used to be clean everyday. They will offer her the award soon. a She will be offered the award soon. b The award will be offered to her by they soon. c She will be offered them the award soon ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

135

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

People can use this device easily. a This device can to be used easily b This device can to be easily used. c This device can be used easily. They should reconsider the decision. a The decision should to be reconsidered. b The decision should be reconsidered. c The decision should be reconsider by they. Someone will speak to the manager. a The manager will be spoken to. b The manager will to be spoken to. c The manager will be spoken. They haven’t brought the book back yet. a The book haven’t been brought back yet. b The book haven’t been brought yet back. c The book hasn’t been brought back yet. They are going to buy the ship. a The ship is being gone to be bought. b The ship is going to buy. c The ship is going to be bought. They don’t use machines there. a Machines there are not used b Machines are not used there. c Machines don’t be used there. We made mistakes. a Mistakes was made. b Mistakes were made. c Mistakes had been made

Key answers

136

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1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Structure Choose the correct answers:

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8

9 10

pronouns

Be sure that everyone brings ............ own book. a his b her c their d both a and b. If anyone calls, tell ............ that I’ll be back in half an hour. a him b her c them d both a and b. Joe and ............ have been close friends for many years. a me b I c her d hers Did you see ................ and her friend at the game? a her b she c them d his Between you and ............ , this politician cannot be trusted. a me b I c he d she Each person in the room turned ............ head to the front when the teacher entered. a their b his c them d they We know that we can count on James, Anne, and ............ . a her b she c hear d his Rhonda explained that ............ and her sister had often eaten at that restaurant. a her b she c hers d him Most of the workers were wearing ............ hard hats. a his b her c their d them It’s always best for a student to ask questions when ............ doesn’t understand a problem. a she b they c her d them ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

137

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 11 12 13

14 15 16 17 18

19 20 21

138

The children in that neighborhood often ride ......... bikes through the park. a his b her c him d their The local government plans to cut ............ budget for recreation. a its b it’s c them d their When I meet new people, I’m usually curious about ............ occupations. a them b their c his d her Everyone who purchased one of the paintings ............ pleased. a were b was c is d does Few of the suggestions ............ reasonable to me. a sound b sounds c sounding d is sounded Christopher and ............ want to travel to the Far East some day. a I b me c his d hers The cost of the repairs shocked both my brother and ............ . a I b me c its d she Most of the congestion on the highway ............ caused by an overturned truck. a were b was c are d have To Maria and ............ , the movie seemed very silly. a her b she c his d he Both of the bicycles in the garage ............ broken. a is b are c has d have My grandmother really loved Juan. She left all her money to Federico and ....... . a he b him c she d our

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Structure 22

23

24 25

A student in that all-women’s college should have no fears about ........ future. a her b their c his d them He was so worried about ........ he should ask to the big dance, that he ended up not asking anyone. a who b whom c when d where Neither Tashonda nor ..... am responsible for this mess. a I b me c his d our Everybody in this class has completed ........ homework already. a his b her c their d them

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

139

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Question Words

Choose the correct question word:

140

a Where b Who c What

1

A) "........ do you go to school?" B) "I go to school in California."

a Who b Where c When

2

A) "........ does Jack work ?" B) " He works every evening."

a How much b How many c What

3

A) "......... cars does your family have ?" B) "We have two cars."

a How many b Where c What

4

A) "....... does the dog want ?" B) "It wants a big bone."

a Why b What c Where

5

A) "......... do you eat for lunch every day?" B) "I eat rice and vegetables for lunch."

a Who b Where c Which

6

A) ........ dog is hungry? B) The black dog is hungry, but the white dog isn't hungry.

a Whom b Which c What

7

A) .... did you call last night? B) I called Maria last night.

a Do b Does c Is

8

A) ".... your brother swim in winter ?" B) "No. He doesn't swim in winter.

a Where b How much c How many

9

A) "........ is that ?" B) "It costs 3 dollars."

a Are b Do c Is

10

A) " ... you thirsty?" B) "Yes, I am. I'd like some tea please."

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Structure Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Relative pronouns

Put the suitable Relative pronoun (who, when, where, which, whose )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

That’s the person ............ took my wallet! Gandhi is a man ............ I admire. 1939 was the year ............ the Second World War started. Australia is a country ............ there are a lot of unusual animals. The car is an invention ............ has made transport much easier. This is the school ............ I go. The sports centre is the place ............ I swim on Monday and Friday. Who is Steven Spielberg? He’s the film director ............ made ET. My friend is a person ............ makes me laugh. 1945 was the year ............ the Second World War ended. Ethiopia is a country ............ there are often terrible famines. That’s the woman ............ found my watch. Einstein was a scientist ............ I admire. Who was Picasso? He was a painter ............ painted a lot of famous pictures. Who is Julia Roberts? She’s an actress ............ has made a lot of films. My sister is a person ............ likes helping people Computers are an invention .................... have changed the world. This is the car ............ I’m going to buy. Brazil is the football team ................. won the World Cup in 2004. December is the month .............. we celebrate Christmas. The man ..................car is BMW had an accident . That is the girl ....................father is a famous writer. ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

141

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers 1

who

2

who

3

when

4

where

5

which

6

Where

7

where

8

who

9

who

10

when

11

Where

12

who

13

who

14

who

15

who

16

Who

17

which

18

which

19

which

20

when

21

Whose

22

whose

Conjunctions Fill in the blanks with these words: (although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 142

Things were different ..... I was young. I do it ..... I like it. Let us wait here ..... the rain stops. You cannot be a lawyer ..... you have a law degree. She has not called ..... she left last week. I saw him leaving an hour ..... two ago. This is an expensive ..... very useful book. We were getting tired ..... we stopped for a rest. He was angry ..... he heard what happened. Walk quickly ..... you will be late. He had to retire ..... of ill health. We will go swimming next Sunday ..... it’s raining. I heard a noise ..... I turned the light on. Would you like a coffee ..... tea? Do you know ..... she will arrive? ..... the car is old it still runs well. Do you want a pen ..... a bit of paper? I would like to go ..... I am too busy. She will die ..... the doctors operate immediately.

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Structure Key answers 1

when

2

because

3

until

4

unless

5

since

6

or

7

and

8

so

9

because

10

when

11

because

12

because

13

so

14

or

15

when

16

although

17

or

18

because

19

unless

Choose the right conjunction:

1

2 3 4

5 6 7

Receptionists must be able to relay information ...... pass messages accurately. a or b and c but d because I did not go to the show ...... I had already seen it. a until b because c so d but Mary is a member of the Historical Society ...... the Literary Society. a as b or c and d but Read over your answers ...... correct all mistakes before you pass them up. a or b and c because d while Keep the food covered ...... the flies will contaminate it. a or b and c until d though ...... he is thin, he is strong. a But c Though

b As d Because

Susie ...... phoned ...... wrote after she left home. a either, or b neither, nor c while, and d though, or

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

143

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 8 9

10

She had an unpleasant experience ...... she was in Thailand. a but b and c because d while The committee rejected the proposal ...... they did not think it was practical. a or b but c though d because John welcomed his guests ...... offered them drinks. a and b while c until d as

Key answers

144

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1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

Compositional Analysis

Chapter Four

Compositional Analysis

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

145

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Compositional Analysis ‫التحليل الكتابي‬ ‫ وهي تتطلب من‬.)STEP( ‫ من االختبار الموحد إلتقان اللغة اإلنجليزية‬10٪ ‫تشكل هذه األسئلة‬ ‫ قد تعتمد‬.‫القائم باالختيار أن يختار أفضل شكل مكتوب في السياق المعروض في هذا السؤال‬ ‫ واستخدام ترتيب الكلمات الصحيح‬، ‫ وعالمات الترقيم‬، ‫أفضل استجابة على الكتابة باألحرف الكبيرة‬ ‫ كما سترى في‬، ‫ أو‬، ‫ والوضع الصحيح للمعلومات اعتمادًا على تنظيم فقرة‬، ‫على مستوى الجملة‬ .‫ األسئلة التي تطرح االختبار المتقدم لتحديد تركيب أو صياغة غير صحيحة‬، ‫األمثلة أدناه‬ ‫ من‬، ‫ نتيجة لذلك‬، ‫ حتى‬، ‫ ألنه‬، ‫ منذ‬، ‫ ومع ذلك‬، ‫ أو‬، ‫ أو‬، ‫ ولكن‬، ‫استخدام كلمات اإلشارة مثل‬ ‫ في بعض األحيان ودائما تعطي أدلة قيمة يمكن أن تؤدي إلى اختيار‬، ‫ عادة‬، ‫ أبدا‬، ‫ناحية أخرى‬ ‫ مثل هذه الكلمات تنشئ معلومات متناقضة او معلومات متشابهة‬.‫منطقي أفضل لعنصر السياق‬ ‫ إن تحديد نوع‬.‫أو تشير إلى عالقة متسلسلة تعتمد على ترتيب الوقت أو عالقة السبب والنتيجة‬ .‫العالقة سوف يتيح للمتقدم لالختبار معرفة أي من الخيارات المتاحة يناسب هذه العالقة‬ These questions make up 10% of the Standardized Test of English Proficiency (STEP). They require the test­taker to choose the best written form within the context presented in that question. The best response may depend upon capitalization, punctuation, the use of correct word order at the sentence level, the correct placement of information depending on the organization of a paragraph or, as you will see in the examples below, questions that ask the test-taker to identify a structure or wording that is INCORRECT. The use of signal words like but, and, or, however, since, because, until, as a result, on the other hand, never, usually, sometimes and always give valuable clues that can lead to the best logical choice for the particular context of an item. Such words establish either contrasting information or similar information or may indicate a sequential relationship dependent on time order or cause-and-effect relationship. Determining the kind of relationship will enable the test-taker to know which of the choices offered best fits that relationship.

146

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‫‪Compositional‬‬ ‫‪Analysis‬‬ ‫أحرف كبيرة ‪1- (Capital Letters) ..‬‬ ‫وهي حسب الترتيب كالتالي‪:‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬

‫‪L‬‬

‫‪K‬‬

‫‪J‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪H‬‬

‫‪G‬‬

‫‪F‬‬

‫‪E‬‬

‫‪D‬‬

‫‪C‬‬

‫‪B‬‬

‫‪A‬‬

‫‪Z‬‬

‫‪Y‬‬

‫‪X‬‬

‫‪W‬‬

‫‪V‬‬

‫‪U‬‬

‫‪T‬‬

‫‪S‬‬

‫‪R‬‬

‫‪Q‬‬

‫‪P‬‬

‫‪O‬‬

‫‪N‬‬

‫أحرف صغيرة ‪2- (Small Letters) ..‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أيضا حسب الترتيب كالتالي‪:‬‬ ‫وهي‬ ‫‪m‬‬

‫‪l‬‬

‫‪k‬‬

‫‪j‬‬

‫‪i‬‬

‫‪h‬‬

‫‪g‬‬

‫‪f‬‬

‫‪e‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪z‬‬

‫‪y‬‬

‫‪x‬‬

‫‪w‬‬

‫‪v‬‬

‫‪u‬‬

‫‪t‬‬

‫‪s‬‬

‫‪r‬‬

‫‪q‬‬

‫‪p‬‬

‫‪o‬‬

‫‪n‬‬

‫وفي الكتابة العادية نستخدم الحروف الصغيرة عاد ًة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ولكن هناك ‪ 12‬حالة نستخدم فيها الحروف الكبيرة دائما في بداية الكلمات أينما وردت في الجملة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫أوال ) ‪ :‬الكلمة األولى من الجملة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫حرفا كبيراً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫الحرف األول من أول كلمة في أي جملة يجب أن يكون‬ ‫‪- We saw a movie last night. It was very nice.‬‬ ‫الحظوا الضمير ‪ We‬بدأ بحرف كبير ألنه في بداية الجملة ‪ ..‬وكذلك الضمير‪ It ‬بدأ بحرف كبير ألننا‬ ‫بدأنا جملة أخرى بعد النقطة‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ثانيا ) ‪ :‬الضمير ( ‪ ) I‬أنا‬ ‫يكتب بحرف كبير حتى ولو جاء في منتصف الجملة أو أينما ورد‬ ‫وهذا ال ينطبق على بقية الضمائر ‪ ..‬فقط الضمير ( ‪) I‬‬ ‫‪- At first, I did my homework, then I played football‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ثالثا ) ‪ :‬أسماء األشخاص‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دائما تبدأ بحرف كبير أينما وردت‬ ‫أسماء األشخاص‬ ‫‪- Yesterday, I met Rania.‬‬ ‫وكذلك الكنيات حالها كحال األسماء‬ ‫‪- Today a will meet George Adams‬‬ ‫‪ Adams‬وكنيتو ‪ George ..‬اسم الشخص‬ ‫ً‬ ‫رابعا ) ‪ :‬األلقاب التي تستخدم مع أسماء األشخاص‬ ‫كما نقول بالعربية ‪ ..‬أستاذ فالن ‪ ..‬أو دكتور فالن‬ ‫‪- I saw Doctor Hasan.‬‬ ‫? ‪- Do you know Professor Ahmad‬‬ ‫‪- Mr. and Mrs. Adeeb will visit us tomorrow.‬‬

‫‪147‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫الحظوا‪:‬‬ ‫أننا ال يجب أن نكتب أول حرف من األلقاب بدون أسماء بحروف كبيرة‪ ،‬قارنوا بين الجملتين التاليتين‬ ‫لتعرفوا الفرق‪:‬‬ ‫‪- He is a doctor.‬‬ ‫‪- This is Doctor Hasan.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫خامسـا ) ‪ :‬أسـماء األيـام واألشـهر والـعطالت‬ ‫ً‬ ‫دائما تبدأ بأحرف كبيرة أينما وردت‬ ‫أسماء األيام واألشهر وأسماء أيام العطالت واألعياد الرسمية‬ ‫في الجملة‪.‬‬ ‫‪- I was born in October.‬‬ ‫‪- They will come on Friday.‬‬ ‫‪- It snowed on Thanksgiving Day.‬‬ ‫مالحظة‪:‬‬ ‫أسـماء الفصـول ليست كأسماء الشهور واأليام والعطالت‪.‬‬ ‫فهذه ال يجب كتابة الحرف األول منها كبيراً إال إذا وردت في بداية الجملة ‪ ...‬فتعامل معاملة األسماء‬ ‫األخرى العادية‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫سادسا ) ‪ :‬أسماء األماكن‬ ‫والقارات‪ ,‬والمحيطات‪ ,‬والبحا ‪ ,‬واألنهار والصحارى‪ ,‬والمدارس‪ ,‬والشوارع‪,‬‬ ‫كأسماء المدن‪ ,‬و الواليات‪,‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫و المباني‪ ,‬والحدائق‪.‬‬ ‫اسم مدينة‬

‫) ‪He lives in Damascus. ( City‬‬

‫اسم والية‬

‫) ‪She was born in California. ( State‬‬

‫قارة‬ ‫اسم ّ‬

‫) ‪Tibet is in Asia. ( Continent‬‬

‫اسم محيط‬

‫) ‪They crossed the Atlantic Ocean. ( Ocean‬‬

‫اسم بحيرة‬

‫) ‪Chicago is on Lake Michigan. ( Lake‬‬

‫اسم نهر‬ ‫اسم صحراء‬ ‫اسم جبل‬ ‫اسم مدرسة أو جامعة‬

‫) ‪The Nile River is very long ( River‬‬ ‫) ‪The Sahara Desert is in Africa. ( Desert‬‬ ‫) ‪We visited the Rocky Mountain. ( Mountain‬‬ ‫) ‪I go to the University of Florida. ( School, University‬‬

‫اسم شارع‬

‫) ‪He lives on Grand Avenue. ( Street, road‬‬

‫اسم مبنى‬

‫) ‪We are going to Al-Awkaf Building. ( Building‬‬

‫أسماء الحدائق‬

‫) ‪I went to the Central Park. ( Park, zoo‬‬

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‫‪148‬‬

Compositional Analysis Questions: A) Choose:

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

can I go to the movies with you on Saturday? a correct b incorrect When we finish our spelling, Mr. Fletcher says we can use the computers. a correct b incorrect Where should i put these books? a correct

b incorrect

Have you got a minute to help me with my math, dad? a correct b incorrect We asked Carlos to be on our team. a correct

b incorrect

Some religions worship more than one God. a correct b incorrect How would you like to meet the president? a correct b incorrect We went to see mayor Robinson about building a playground in our neighborhood. a correct b incorrect Are you taking Spanish or french? a correct

b incorrect

We get the day off on friday. a correct

b incorrect

Brian just moved here from the South. a correct b incorrect My favorite month is november because it’s my birthday month. a correct b incorrect

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

149

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

  B) Read each sentence carefully. Look for an error in capitalization. Choose the answer that shows the correction that needs to be made.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

150

I live in Kentwood, louisiana. a I b Kentwood

c Louisiana 

Terry, what time do you have english? a Terry b you

c English

please call your mom at 4 P.M. a Please b Mom

c p.m.

Did you ever live in Mississippi, joe? a did b mississippi

c Joe

How old will the twins, casey and Lacey, be on their next birthday? a Twins c lacey b Casey Have you read the book Top Stories about policemen? a Book c Policemen b About Mom and dad will go to a church in Hammond. a Dad b Church

c hammond

Did your Dad ever work as a truck driver, Donnie? a did b dad c Donnie

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‫‪Compositional‬‬ ‫‪Analysis‬‬ ‫‪Key answers‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫‪c‬‬

‫‪b‬‬

‫‪a‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫استخدام النقطة ‪Periods - Full Stops‬‬ ‫‪Use a period at the end of a complete sentence that is a statement. ‬‬ ‫توضع النقطة نهاية كل جملة مكتملة‬ ‫‪- I know that you would never break my trust intentionally. ‬‬ ‫اعلم انه من المستحيل أن تخون األمانة متعمد‪.‬‬

‫استخدامات الفواصل الملكية ‪Apostrophes Showing Possession‬‬ ‫لها طريقتين لربط المالك والمملوك‬ ‫ •الطريقة األولى ‪:‬ذلك باستخدام حروف الجر‪ ) of / for ( ‬او عبارة‪ ) belongs to( ‬وتعني ‪ /‬يخص‬ ‫ •الطريقة الثانية‪ : ‬من خالل االستغناء عن حروف الجر والعبارة المذكورة ووضع‪ )s( ‬وفوقها فاصله‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ He is Mr. Abdullah’s father‬وهي تساوي ‪1. Ali is the father of Mr. Abdullah‬‬ ‫‪ It’s Mrs. Fatima’s bag‬وهي تساوي ‪2. The bag is for Mrs. Fatima‬‬ ‫‪ This is the teacher’s book‬وهي تساوي ‪3. This book belongs to the teacher‬‬ ‫ •في حالة المفرد‪ ‬يتم وضع الفاصلة قبل حرف‪ )s( ‬‬ ‫‪ The student’s books‬وهي تساوي ‪- The books of the student ‬‬ ‫ •في الجمع‪ ‬يتم وضع الفاصلة بعد حرف‪)s( ‬‬ ‫‪- The books of the students‬‬ ‫المعنى ‪ُ /‬كتب الطالب (مفرد)‬ ‫وهي تساوي ‪- The students’ books‬‬ ‫المعنى ‪ /‬كتب الطالب (جمع)‬ ‫ •في حالة الجمع الشاذ فيتم معاملتها معاملة المفرد‬ ‫‪ The children’s toys‬وهي تساوي ‪- The toys of the children‬‬ ‫ •إذا كان طرفي العبارة غير عاقل ‪ ,‬فإننا نحذف حرف الجر دون استخدام‪ ) s ( ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬المعنى ‪ /‬جدران المنزل ‪ The house walls ‬وهي تساوي‪- The walls of the house ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬المعنى ‪ /‬وسط المدينة ‪ The city center‬وهي تساوي‪- The center of the city ‬‬

‫‪151‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫ •هناك حاالت شاذة يكون فيها طرفي العبارة غير عاقل ونستخدم معها‪ )s( ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬المعنى ‪ /‬تاريخ اليوم ‪- Today’s date‬‬ ‫المعنى ‪ /‬مكتب الشركة ‪- The company’s office‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ •في حالة وجود اسمين متتابعين ‪ ,‬نضع حرف‪ )s( ‬بنهاية االسم األخير‪ ‬‬ ‫المعنى ‪ /‬أوالد علي وخالد ‪- Ali and Khalid’s children‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ •في حالة وجود حرف‪ )s( ‬أساسا في االسم غير المعدود فإننا نكتفي بوضع الفاصلة‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ Shakespeare’s books‬وهي تساوي ‪- The books of Shakespeare‬‬ ‫ •في حالة اإلشارة إلى المحالت العامة نقوم بحذف االسم التابع ونكتفي بوضع‪ )s( ‬‬ ‫‪ The butcher’s‬وهي تساوي ‪- The butcher’s shop‬‬ ‫ •في حالة النفي واالختصارات كالتالي‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ He’s a student ‬وهي تساوي ‪- He is a student‬‬ ‫‪ She won’t come to school today‬وهي تساوي ‪- She will not come to school today‬‬ ‫ •في حالة اختصار السنوات‬ ‫‪ X’85‬وهي تساوي ‪- x1985‬‬ ‫‪ X’97‬وهي تساوي ‪- x1997‬‬ ‫ •في حالة الجمع‪ ‬‬ ‫المعنى ‪ /‬دسكات الكمبيوتر ‪- CD’s‬‬ ‫ •في حاالت االختصار ونرجو عدم الخلط بينها وبين الملكية‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ It is‬وهي تساوي‪- It’s ‬‬ ‫‪ It has ‬وهي تساوي ‪- It’s‬‬ ‫‪ Who is ‬وهي تساوي‪- Who’s ‬‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫يوجد لدينا ثالث أنواع من‪ )s( ‬‬ ‫‪1‬ـ‪ )s( ‬الجمع مثال‪boys / ‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ـ‪ )s( ‬الملكية مثال‪Teacher’s book /‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ـ‪ )s( ‬الفعل في زمن المضارع البسيط‪ ‬مثال‪He gets up early /‬‬

‫‪A) Choose:‬‬ ‫’‪b singers‬‬ ‫‪d singers’s‬‬

‫‪The ...... voices were beautiful. ‬‬ ‫ ‪a singer’s‬‬ ‫ ‪c singers‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

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‫‪152‬‬

Compositional Analysis 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

That ...... leaves are starting to fall.  a tree’s b trees’ c trees d trees’s The lead ....... voice is beautiful. a singer’s c singer

b singers’ d singers

All those maple ..... leaves are turning red.  a tree’s b trees c tree d trees’ The ....... desks were really messy. a student’s c students’

b students d students’s

That ..... bark is worse than its bite.  a dogs b dogs’ c dogs d dog’s That ...... essay got the highest mark ever given.  a student’s b students’ c students d students’s The ...... leashes all got tangled.  a dog c dogs’

b dog’s d dogs

The ..... nests were all raided by cats.  a bird’s b birds’ c bird d birds That ...... keyboard isn’t working.  a computer’s c computer

b computers’ d computers

That ...... song sounds so happy.  a bird’s b birds’ c bird d birds Those ....... hard drives all quit working in the last week. a computer’s b computers c computer s’ d computer

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

153

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

B)

1

2

3

4

5

154

only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a Bristol’s harbour is one of the countrys most beautiful. b Bristols harbouris one of the country’s most beautiful. c Bristol’s harbour is one of the country’s most beautiful. d Bristols’ harbour is one of the countrys’ most beautiful. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The two boy’s bags were lying at the river’s edge. b The two boys bag’s were lying at the rivers’ edge. c The two boys’ bags were lying at the river’s edge. d The two boys’ bags’ were lying at the rivers edge. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a My parent’s flat is in one of the city’s finest areas. b My parents’ flat is in one of the citys finest areas’. c My parents’ flat is in one of the citys’ finest areas. d My parents’ flat is in one of the city’s finest areas. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The world’s experts were quick to praise the two girls’ courage. b The world’s experts were quick to praise the two girl’s courage. c The worlds expert’s were quick to praise the two girls’ courage. d The worlds’ experts were quick to praise the two girls’ courage. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a Steve’s mothers house is right next to his only sister’s flat. b Steves mother’s house is right next to his only sister’s flat. c Steve’s mothers’ house is right next to his only sisters’ flat. d Steve’s mother’s house is right next to his only sister’s flat.

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Compositional Analysis 6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The two buildings doors’ and windows’ were damaged in the blast. b The two buildings door’s and window’s were damaged in the blast. c The two buildings’ doors and windows were damaged in the blast. d The two building’s doors and windows were damaged in the blast. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The cat’s illness was making its paws sore.  b The cat’s illness was making it’s paws sore.  c The cats’ illness was making its paws sore.  d The cats’ illness’ was making its paws sore. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The teams manager’s attitude was affecting all the player’s performance. b The team’s manager’s attitude was affecting all the players’ performance. c The teams manager’s attitude was affecting all the players’ performance. d The team’s manager’s attitude was affecting all the player’s performance. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a It’s owners made Ted the cat’s life very comfortable. b It’s owners’ made Ted the cats life very comfortable. c Its owners made Ted the cats’ life very comfortable. d Its owners made Ted the cat’s life very comfortable. only one of the sentences has all the apostrophes correctly placed. a The Roman’s bridges and roads were vital for moving the troops’ supplies. b The Romans’ bridges and roads were vital for moving the troops’ supplies. c The Romans’ bridges and roads were vital for moving the troop’s supplies. d The Romans bridge’s and road’s were vital for moving the troops supplies. Choose the correct sentence. a Her husbands wallet was full of curious, little items.  b Her husband’s wallet was full of curious, little items.  c Her husbands’ wallet was full of curious, little items. Choose the correct sentence. a I went to my mother-in-law house for dinner last night.  b I went to my mother-in-law’s house for dinner last night.  c I went to my mother-in-laws’ house for dinner last night.  Choose the correct sentence. a You may not enter Mr. Harris’s office without his permission.  b You may not enter Mr. Harris office without his permission.  c You may not enter Mr. Harrises office without his permission. d You may not enter Mr. Harrises’ office without his permission. ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

155

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 14

15

16 17

18

19 20

21

156

Choose the correct sentence. a The girls vitality and humor were infectious. [one girl] b The girl’s vitality and humor were infectious. [one girl] c The girls’ vitality and humor were infectious. [one girl] d The girl vitality and humor were infectious. [one girl] Choose the correct sentence. a The women’s dresses are on the second floor.  b The womens dresses are on the second floor.  c The womens’ dresses are on the second floor.  d The women dresses are on the second floor. Choose the correct sentence. a It’s a shame that had to happen.  c Both correct 

b Its a shame that had to happen.  d Both are not correct.

Choose the correct sentence. a Its hard to believe that winter is almost here.  b It’s hard to believe that winter is almost here.  c It hard to believe that winter is almost here. d Both (a) and (b) are correct Choose the correct sentence. a Her mother and fathers business went bankrupt. b Her mother and father’s business went bankrupt. c Her mother and father business went bankrupt. d He mother’s and father business went bankrupt. Choose the correct sentence. a It is his word against mine.  c He word against his me.

b It is his word’s against mine.  d Both (a) and (b) are correct 

Choose the correct sentence. a The actresses costumes looked beautiful on them.  b The actresses’ costumes looked beautiful on them.  c The actresse’s costumes looked beautiful on them.  d The actress’ costumes looked beautiful on them. Choose the correct sentence. a Sharon arriving was unexpected.  b Sharon’s arriving was unexpected.  c Sharons arriving was unexpected. d Sharons’ arriving was unexpected.

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Compositional Analysis 22

Choose the correct sentence. a The movie had its desired effect.  c The movie’s had its desired effect.

b The movie had it’s desired effect.  d Both (a) and (b) are correct

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

Hyphens ‫الوصلة أو الشرطة الواصلة‬ [Hyphens are used to form compound words or join word units. They are used to join prefixes, suffixes and letters to words  ‫تستخدم الشرطة الواصلة لتكوين الكلمات المركبة أو وحدات الكلمات المركبة و تستخدم أيضا‬  ‫لتربط بين السوابق و اللواحق و الحروف من جهة و الكلمات من جهة أخرى‬ Use hyphens with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and with fractions used as modifiers   .‫ و مع الكسور‬99 ‫ و حتى‬21 ‫استخدم الشرطة الواصلة مع األعداد المركبة ابتداء من‬ two-thirds majority (two-thirds is an adjective modifying majority) EXAMPLE: forty-two applicants  three-fourths empty (three-fourths is an adverb modifying empty)  two thirds of the voters (two thirds is not being used as an adjective here because thirds is a noun being modified by two)  Use hyphens in a compound adjective only when it comes before the word it modifies ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

157

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

 ‫استخدم الشرطة الواصلة مع الصفات المركبة عندما تأتى الصفة فقط قبل الكلمة التي تصفها‬ ‫على الرغم من أن بعض الصفات المركبة غالبا ما تأتى و بها واصلة مثل صفة‬ well-balanced ‫فيمكنك البحث عن معناها فى القاموس سواء كان بها شرطة واصلة أم ال‬ However, some compound adjectives are always hyphenated, such as well-balanced. Look up compound adjectives in the dictionary if you are unsure whether or not to hyphenate them. a world-renowned composer a composer who is world renowned  EXAMPLE: a well-liked author an author who is well liked  Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex-, self-, and all-; with the suffix -elect; and with all prefixes before a proper noun or proper adjective :‫استخدم الشرطة الواصلة مع السوابق و اللواحق التالية‬ prefixes ex-, self-, and all-; with the suffix -elect; ‫وخاصة مع السوابق السابقة عندما‬ : ‫تستخدم مع اسم أو صفة خاصة‬ EXAMPLE: all-star ex-mayor pro-Canadian senator-elect

Question Mark? ‫عالمة االستفهام‬ Rule 1.

Use a question mark only after a direct question.  ‫تستخدم عالمة االستفهام بعد السؤال المباشر‬ Examples: - Will you go with me?  ‫مثال‬ ‫هل تذهب معي ؟‬ - I asked if he would go with me.

Rule 2.

Use a question mark when a sentence is half statement and half question. ‫استخدم عالمة االستفهام في حال كان جزء من الجملة يعبر عن سؤال‬ Example: - You do care, don't you? ‫مثال‬ ‫ صحيح ؟‬,‫أنت مهتم بالموضوع‬

1

2

158

Choose the correct sentence: a He wanted to know when you will be here. b He wanted to know where you will be here? c He wanted to know when you will be here, d He wanted to know when you will be here Choose the correct sentence: a “ May I have a rain check on that lunch?“ I asked. b “ May I have a rain check on that lunch“ ? I asked. c “ May I have a rain check on that lunch,“ I asked. d May I have a rain check on that lunch?“ I asked.

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Compositional Analysis 3

4

Choose the correct sentence: a “ May I see your I.D. card,’ the clerk asked. b “ May I see your I.D. card?“ The clerk asked? c “ May I see your I.d card? “ The clerk asked. d “ May I see your I.D card?“ The clerk asked. Choose the correct sentence: a The song asks, “ Would you like to swing on the stars“ ? b The song asks,“ Would you like to swing on the stars?“ c The song asks, “ Would you like to swing on the stars.“ d The song asks,“ Would you like to swing on the stars“.

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

(comma) ‫الفاصلة السفلية‬  -:)comma( ‫حاالت استخدام ال‬ after - as soon as - ( ‫يتم وضع فاصله مع أدوات الربط التي تأتي في بداية الجملة مثل‬1 .1  )....before - when - e.g. As soon as he wakes up, he take a Shower. - e.g. After he had studied, he went to bed. ‫ولكن ال نضع فاصله إذا جاءت أدوات الربط في منتصف الجملة يعني‬ - e.g. He went to bed after he studied ‫إذا الحظنا أداة الربط في المنتصف ولم نقم بإضافة الفاصلة‬ If he study will, he will succeed. If ‫مع أداة الشرط‬2 .2 ‫استخدمنا الفاصلة للربط بين جملة الشرط وجواب الشرط‬  )but- so( ‫توضع الفاصلة قبل بعض أدوات الربط مثل‬3 .3 He didn’t study will, so he got a bad score. The summer is hot, but the winter is cold.   ‫تضاف الفاصلة عند تعداد أكثر من شئ من نفس النوعمن القائمة‬4 .4 - My mother bought grapes, bananas, apple and orange. ) and ( ‫نالحظ قبل آخر نوع نضع‬ She is smart, polite girl . ‫أيضا عندما نصف شخص أو شئ بأكثر من صفة‬5 .5 ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

159

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫‪6 .6‬تستخدم الفاصلة أيضا عند اقتباس الكالم‪Ahmed said, I am tired.  ‬‬ ‫‪7 .7‬تستخدم أيضا إذا كنت توجه كالمك لشخص معين‪ ‬‬ ‫مثال إذا كنت تكلم والدتك ?‪Mom, can you cook dinner for me‬‬ ‫أو إذا كنت تخاطب صديق ?‪Khalid, can I talk to you for minute‬‬ ‫‪8 .8‬استخدام الفاصلة في الرسائل‪ ‬‬ ‫عند كتابة الرسائل الخاصة ‪Dear Nader, ‬‬ ‫ولكن عند كتابة رسالة عمل رسميه ال تضع فاصله بعد اسم المرسل إليه بل يكتب هكذا‬ ‫‪Dear Mr. Saad Al-Gamdi: ‬‬ ‫‪9 .9‬تستخدم الفاصلة أيضا عند كتابة عنوان‬ ‫‪ His address is Al-Jamaa street, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.‬‬ ‫يعني اسم الشارع الرئيسي ‪ ,‬اسم الشارع الفرعي ‪ ,‬اسم المدينة ‪,‬اسم البلد‬ ‫‪1010‬تستخدم الفاصلة للجمع بين الصفات المتشابهة‪It is a cold , windy day ‬‬ ‫ولكن ال نجمع بين الصفات الغير متشابهه بواسطة الفاصلة‪It is sunny boring day. ‬‬ ‫هنا الصفة األولى ال تتشابه مع الصفة الثانية (إذا ال يمكن الجمع بينهم باستخدام الفاصلة)‪ ‬‬ ‫‪1111‬تستخدم الفاصلة أيضا مع كلمة ‪ please‬إذا كانت كلمة ‪ please‬في آخر الطلب‬ ‫‪Send me an e- mail, please.‬‬ ‫‪Please send me an e- mail.‬‬ ‫ولكن ال نستخدمها إذا كانت كلمة ‪ please‬في بداية الطلب‪ ‬‬ ‫‪1212‬تستخدم الفاصلة أيضا مع النفي واإلثبات‪ ‬‬ ‫‪Can you help me? Yes, I can. Or No, I can’t .‬‬ ‫‪1313‬تستخدم الفاصلة أيضا مع (‪)Tag questions‬‬ ‫‪You are busy, aren’t you?  ‬‬ ‫السؤال منفي إذا االجابه رح تكون مثبته ‪Yes, I am.‬‬ ‫‪1414‬تستخدم الفاصلة مع ال( ‪ )adverbs‬‬ ‫‪however == still == in fact == too ==instead == therefore ‬‬ ‫ •إذا كان ال( ‪ )adverbs‬في بداية الجملة الفاصلة تكون بعده‬ ‫‪-  Therefore, he didn’t say a word.‬‬ ‫ •أما إذا كان ال( ‪ )adverbs‬في منتصف الجملة رح تكتب الفاصلة بهذا الشكل‪:‬‬ ‫‪-  The thief, however, was smart.‬‬

‫مالحظة‪ :‬بعض أنواع ال( ‪ )adverbs‬يمكن وضع الفاصلة معها بصوره اختيارية‪ ‬‬ ‫مثل ( ‪ ) yet- then - so‬‬ ‫لكن ‪ so‬إذا جاءت كنتيجة إذا يجب كتابة الفاصلة‪ ‬‬ ‫أيضا ال يمكن وضع الفاصلة بين ‪ verb‬و ‪ subject‬‬ ‫ال تضع فاصله بين اسمين أو بين فعلين‬

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‫‪160‬‬

Compositional Analysis 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a I took Angie, the one with the freckles to the movie last night.  b I took Angie, the one with the freckles, to the movie last night.  c I took Angie the one with the freckles, to the movie last night.  d I took Angie, the one with the freckles, to the movie, last night.  Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a Jeremy, and I, have had our share of arguments.  b Jeremy and I, have had our share of arguments.  c Jeremy and I have had our share of arguments.  d Jeremy and I have had, our share of arguments. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a You are I am sure, telling the truth.  b You are, I am sure, telling the truth.  c You are I am sure telling, the truth.  d You are, I am sure telling the truth. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a She left Albany, New York, on January 18 of that year. b She left Albany, New York on January 18, of that year. c She left Albany New York, on January 18 of that year. d She left, Albany New York, on January 18 of that year. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a I need, sugar, butter, and eggs from the grocery store.  b I need sugar, butter, and eggs, from the grocery store.  c I need sugar, butter and eggs, from the grocery store.  d I need sugar, butter and eggs from the grocery store. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a Please Sasha, come home as soon as you can.  b Please, Sasha, come home as soon as you can.  c Please, Sasha come home as soon as you can.  d Please Sasha, come home, as soon as you can. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a Although, you may be right I cannot take your word for it.  b Although, you may be right, I cannot take your word for it.  c Although you may be right I cannot take your word for it.  d Although you may be right, I cannot take your word for it.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

161

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 8

9

10

Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a We will grant you immunity, if you decide to cooperate with us. b We will grant you immunity, if you decide, to cooperate with us. c We will grant you immunity if you decide, to cooperate with us. d We will grant you immunity if you decide to cooperate with us. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a I am typing a letter and she is talking on the phone. b I am typing a letter and she is talking, on the phone. c I, am typing a letter and she, is talking on the phone. d I am typing a letter and, she is talking on the phone. Choose the sentence with the correct comma placement.  a She finished her work, and then took a long lunch.  b She finished her work, and then, took a long lunch.  c She finished her work and then took a long lunch.  d She finished her work and then, took a long lunch. 

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

COLONS: ‫النقطتان العموديتان‬ Colons follow independent clauses and are used to call attention to the information that comes after  .‫تتبع النقطتان الجمل الرئيسية التي تستخدم السترعاء االنتباه للمعلومات التي تأتى بعدها‬ Colons come after the independent clause and before the word, phrase, sentence, quotation, or list it is introducing ‫تستخدم أيا من النقطتان العموديتان قبل الجمل الرئيسية و التي يأتي بعدها بعض الكلمات أو‬ .‫العبارات أو الجمل التي تقدم لها هذه الجملة الرئيسية‬

162

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Compositional Analysis EXAMPLES:  Joe has only one thing on his mind: girls. (word)  Joe has only one thing on his mind: the girl next door. (phrase)  Joe has only one thing on his mind: he wants to go out with Linda. (clause)  Joe has several things on his mind: his finals, his job, and Linda. (list)  Never use a colon after a verb that directly introduces a list. { INCORRECT } : The things on Joe’s mind are: finals, work, and Linda.  { CORRECT }: The things on Joe’s mind are finals, work, and Linda.

SEMICOLONS; ‫الفاصلة المنقوطة‬ Semicolons are used to separate clauses or phrases that are related and that receive equal emphasis ‫تستخدم الفاصلة المنقوطة لكي تفصل الجمل أو العبارات ( أشباه الجمل ) التي تكون على‬ .‫نفس الدرجة من األهمية أو التأكيد‬ Semicolons join independent clauses in a compound sentence if no coordinating conjunction is used. .‫تربط الفاصلة المنقوطة الجمل الرئيسية في الجمل المركبة إن لم يستخدم رابط من روابط الجمل المركبة‬ EXAMPLE: Michael seemed preoccupied; he answered our questions abruptly. Semicolons are used before a conjunctive adverb (transition word) that joins the clauses of a compound sentence .‫الفاصلة المنقوطة تستخدم قبل الظرف الرابط ( الكلمات االنتقالية ) التي تربط بين جمل الجملة المركبة‬ EXAMPLE: The emergency room was crowded; however, Warren was helped immediately. Semicolons help avoid confusion in lists where there are already commas .‫ في بعض األحيان‬comma ‫تعمل الفاصلة المنقوطة على تجنب استخدام الفاصلة‬ EXAMPLE: We traveled to London, England; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; and Sofia, Bulgaria.

1

2

Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a Some cause happiness wherever they go; others, whenever they go. b Some cause happiness wherever they go; others whenever they go. c Some cause happiness wherever they go: others whenever they go. d Some cause happiness wherever they go others whenever they go. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a The first step to getting the things you want out of life you want. b The first step to getting the things you want out of life you want. c The first step to getting the things you want out of life you want. d The first step to getting the things you want out of life you want.

is this decide what is this; decide what is this: decide what is this, decide what

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

163

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 3

4

5

6

7

164

Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a All human actions have one or more of these seven causes; chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and desire. b All human actions have one or more of these seven causes chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and desire. c All human actions have one or more of these seven causes, chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and desire. d All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, passion, and desire. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a Lead me not into temptation; I can find the way myself. b Lead me not into temptation I can find the way myself. c Lead me not into temptation, I can find the way myself. d Lead me not into temptation: I can find the way myself. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a Arguments are to be avoided, they are always vulgar and often convincing. b Arguments are to be avoided they are always vulgar and often convincing. c Arguments are to be avoided: they are always vulgar and often convincing. d Arguments are to be avoided; they are always vulgar and often convincing. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a Many books require no thought from those who read them and for a very simple reason; they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. b Many books require no thought from those who read them and for a very simple reason, they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. c Many books require no thought from those who read them and for a very simple reason: they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. d Many books require no thought from those who read them and for a very simple reason they made no such demand upon those who wrote them. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a Through all the world there goes one long cry from the give me leave to do my utmost. b Through all the world there goes one long cry from the give me leave to do my utmost. c Through all the world there goes one long cry from the give me leave to do my utmost. d Through all the world there goes one long cry from the give me leave to do my utmost.

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heart of the artist, heart of the artist heart of the artist: heart of the artist;

Compositional Analysis 8

9

Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a We are not retreating; we are advancing in another direction. b We are not retreating we are advancing in another direction. c We are not retreating, we are advancing in another direction. Choose the sentence with the correct punctuation. a We must never forget that art is not a form of propaganda, it is a form of truth. b We must never forget that art is not a form of propaganda; it is a form of truth. c We must never forget that art is not a form of propaganda: it is a form of truth. d We must never forget that art is not a form of propaganda it is a form of truth.

Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

PARENTHESES ‫ الفترات الفاصلة‬، ‫ الجملة االعتراضية‬، ‫األقواس‬ Elements inside parentheses are related to the sentence but are nonessential. Parentheses set off additions or expressions that are not necessary to the sentence. They tend to de-emphasize what they set off ،‫ •الكلمات التى تقع بين القوسين تعتبر على صلة بالجملة األساسية ولكنها غيى ضرورية‬ ‫وتضيف األقواس إضافات أو تعبيرات التعتبر ضرورية للجملة ولكنها تعمل على زيادة التأكيد‬ .‫للجمل التي تضاف إليها‬ EXAMPLE: We visited several European countries (England, France, Spain) on our trip last year Parentheses enclose figures within a sentence. ‫ •تكتب األرقام داخل الجملة بين األقواس‬ EXAMPLE: Grades will be based on (1) participation, (2) in-class writing, and (3) exams. When the group inside the parentheses forms a complete sentence but is inserted inside a larger sentence, no period is needed. However, if a question mark or exclamation point is needed, it may be used

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

165

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

‫ •عندما تكون مجموعة الكلمات داخل األقواس جملة كاملة و لكنها تصبح داخل جملة أكبر فال‬ ‫ و فى حالة الحاجة إلى أحد عالمات التعجب أو االستفهام فال ضير من‬. ‫حاجة لفترات فاصلة‬ . ‫استخدامها‬ EXAMPLE: The snow (she saw it as she passed the window) was now falling heavily. When parentheses are used to enclose an independent sentence, the end punctuation belongs inside the parentheses. ‫ •عند استخدام األقواس أو الفترات الفاصلة لكى تفصل الجملة الرئيسية فى الجملة المعقدة‬ ‫فإن نهاية الترقيم تتبع الجملة االعتراضية و ليس الجملة االساسية‬ EXAMPLE: Mandy told me she saw Amy’s new car. (I saw Amy’s car before Mandy.) She said it was a nice car.

Exclamation Mark ! ‫عالمة التعجب‬

Rule  

Use the exclamation point to show emphasis or surprise. Do not use the exclamation point in formal business writing.  ‫استخدم عالمة التعجب للفت االنتباه حول نقطه معينة او إلظهار التعجب حول‬ ‫ ضع عالمة التعجب نهاية الفقرة المراد التركيز عليها‬.‫نقطة معين‬ ‫ ال تستخدم عالمة التعجب في الرسائل الرسمية و تقارير العمل‬:‫مالحظة مهمة‬ Example: ‫مثال‬

- I'm truly shocked by your behavior!  ‫! اني مصدوم حقا من تصرفك‬

Dashes ‫الشرطتين‬ Dashes connect groups of words to other groups of words in order to emphasize a point or show that the information is unessential. Usually the dash separates words in the middle of a sentence from the rest of the sentence, or it leads to material at the end of the sentence ‫تربط الشرطتين مجموعة معينة من الكلمات بغيرها لكى تؤكد و جهة نظر أو توضح معلومة غير‬ ‫ و عادة ما تفصل الشرطتين الكلمات فى منتصف الجملة عن باقى الجملة أو تقدم للمادة‬.‫ضرورية‬ ‫أو النتيجة فى نهاية الجملة‬ In the middle of a sentence, a dash can put special emphasis on a group of words or make them stand out from the rest of the sentence ‫فى منتصف الجملة يمكن أن تؤكد على مجموعة من الكلمات تأكيدا من نوع خاص أو تمييزها عن‬ ‫باقى الجملة‬ EXAMPLE: Linda Simpson’s prescription for the economy, lower interest rates, higher employment, and less government spending, was rejected by the president’s administration. BECOMES: Linda Simpson’s prescription for the economy-lower interest rates, higher employment, and less government spending-was rejected by the president’s administration. The dash can also be used to attach material to the end of a sentence when there is a clear break in the continuity of the sentence or when an explanation is being introduced

166

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Compositional Analysis ‫يمكن أن تستخدم أيضا الشرطة لكى تربط كلمة معينة بنهاية الجملة و ذلك حينما يكون هناك‬ ‫انفصال كبير فى فى فكرة الجملة او جينما يتم تقديم شرح معين‬ EXAMPLE: The president will be unable to win enough votes for another term of office-unless, of course, he can reduce unemployment and the deficit soon. EXAMPLE: It was a close call-the sudden gust of wind pushed the helicopter to within inches of the power line.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Choose the correct sentence: a This is seventh grade reading material. b This is seventh-grade reading material. c This is seven grade-reading material. d This is seven-grade reading material. Choose the correct sentence: a You certainly have a go-get-it nature. b You certainly have a go get it nature. c You certainly have a-go-get it nature. d You-certainly have a go get it nature. Choose the correct sentence: a The delicious, gooey frosting melted before we can refrigerate the cake b The delicious- gooey frosting melted before we can refrigerate the cake c The delicious gooey frosting melted before we can refrigerate the cake d The delicious- gooey- frosting melted before we can refrigerate the cake Choose the correct sentence: a Look left- and right before you cross the street. b Look left and right before you cross the street. c Look left- and- right before you cross the street. d Look left, and right before you cross the street. Choose the correct sentence: a She jumped from a two-storey building. b She jumped from a two storey building. c She jumped from a two, storey building. d She jumped from a two-storey- building. Choose the correct sentence: a You must let down your guard. b You must let-down your guard. c You must let, down your guard. d You must let, down, your guard.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

167

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Key answers

168

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

Listening comprehension

Chapter Five

Listening comprehension

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

169

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Listening comprehension ‫فهم المسموع‬ ‫ بعض الحوارات أقصر‬.‫ ستسمع حوارات متبوعة بأسئلة تتعلق بالحوارات‬، ‫في قسم الفهم السمعي‬ ‫ هنا ترى أن الحوار األول قصير ولديه سؤاالن فقط في حين أن الحوار الثاني أطول إلى‬.‫من غيرها‬ .‫ األسئلة التي تتعلق بكل حوار تتبع مباشرة بعد أن سمعت ذلك الحوار‬.‫ أسئلة‬9 ‫حد كبير ولديه‬ ‫ فإن األسئلة‬، ‫ وبالتالي‬.‫سيتم اإلشارة إلى كل حوار على ورقة اإلجابة الخاصة بك كرقم تسجيل‬ ‫) التي تشير‬9( ‫ وستظهر األسئلة‬1 ‫) التي تشير إلى الحوار األول ستظهر تحت التسجيل رقم‬2( .2 ‫إلى الحوار الثاني في ورقة اإلجابة تحت رقم التسجيل‬ ‫قد ترغب في تدوين المالحظات أثناء االستماع إلى الحوارات لمساعدتك على تذكر نقطة من‬ ‫ ولكن ال تأخذ الكثير من المالحظات التي تفقد تركيزك عليها في‬، ‫المعلومات أو بعض التفاصيل‬ ‫ لذلك ليس هناك حاجة لمحاولة الكتابة‬، ‫ مالحظاتك هي لفهمك الخاص‬.‫المهمة الفعلية لالستماع‬ .‫في جمل كاملة أو االنتباه إلى القواعد النحوية أو الهجائية أو الدقة‬ In the Listening Comprehension section, you will hear dialogues followed by questions that relate to the dialogues. Some dialogues are shorter than others. Here you see that the first dialogue is short and has only 2 questions whereas the second dialogue is considerably longer and has 9 questions. The questions that relate to each dialogue follow immediately after you have heard that dialogue. Each dialogue will be referred to on your answer sheet as a recording number. Thus the (2) questions that refer to the first dialogue will appear under Recording Number 1 and the (9) questions that refer to the second dialogue will appear on the answer sheet under Recording Number 2. You may want to make notes as you listen to the dialogues to help you remember a point of information or some detail, but don’t take so many notes that you lose your focus in the actual task of listening. Your notes are for your own understanding, so there is no need to try to write in complete sentences or to pay attention to grammar, spelling or neatness.

170

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Listening comprehension ‫ضع الكاميرا على الباركود او استخدم برنامج قارئ الباركود واستمع للنص ثم اجب‬ :‫على األسئلة‬ Scan the barcode then listen and choose the correct answer:

Script 1: World Cup Soccer

Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

4

5

According to the man, his team lost the first match due to .......... . a poor officiating b bad weather c injuries The team lost their second game because of .......... . a some terrible referee calls b unsportsmanlike conduct c poor ball handling The man’s team was winning the final match until .......... . a the other team made an amazing comeback b their fans booed the team and left the stadium c some of their players were ejected from the game Which team does the man want to win the World Cup now? a He doesn’t care who wins at this point. b He hopes the matches are cancelled. c He wants the host nation to win. Now that his team is out of the tournament, he’s .......... . a been following a golf tournament on TV b been playing in a local tennis tournament c become interested in an online chess tournament

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

171

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Script 2: Picnic Preparation Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

4

5

The picnic is on .......... . a Saturday b Sunday c Friday The picnic is being held .......... . a by a river b in a park c at Dave’s house They are going to buy .......... packages of hot dogs. a 7 b 8 c 9 Recently, Kathy has been very busy .......... . a at school b at home c at work Scott might make .......... for dessert. a a cherry pie b fudge brownies c oatmeal cookies

script 3: Social media Choose the best answer:

1

172

What is the man’s name? a His name is Robert. b The man goes by Russel. c The man’s name is Ronald.

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Listening comprehension 2

3

4

5

The man was born in .......... . a Texas b California c Canada He .......... for a living. a teaches English b runs a restaurant c sells animals The man .......... . a has two brothers and three dogs b has an older brother and younger sister c ives with his sisters and mother What is the man’s telephone number? a You can reach him at 789-1350 b His number is 789-3050. c It’s 789-1315.

Script 4: Sleeping Problem Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

The make wakes up at .......... . a 2:00 p.m. b 1:00 p.m. c 12:00 p.m. Where does the man need to go today? a He has to go to work. b He should go to a family activity. c He needs to attend class. The man’s sister feels that he should get up at .......... . a 6:30 a.m. b 6:45 a.m. c 6:15 a.m.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

173

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 4

5

The woman tells her brother to go to bed at .......... every night. a 10:00 p.m. b 9:30 p.m. c 9:00 p.m. The woman has seen her brother fall asleep while he was .......... . a driving b watching TV c eating dinner

script 5: Reading Books Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

4

5

174

What is the father reading at the beginning of the conversation? a a novel b a newspaper c a magazine What kind of book does the girl want to read? a a book on dolls b a book about candy and cookies c a book about animals What does the girl’s teacher say about reading? a The girl should read books every day. b The girl ought to read at least ten books a night. c The girl can check out books from the library. What is one thing the girl wants to eat while they are reading? a cookies b ice cream c bananas About what time of day is it in the conversation? a in the evening b the late morning c in the afternoon

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Listening comprehension Script 6: Drugs and Medication Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

4

5

What’s the matter with Steve? a He has a cold. b He has a stomachache. c He has the flu. How long has Steve been sick? a since Sunday b since Saturday c since Friday How often should Steve take the medicine the doctor prescribes? a four times a day before meals b three times a day after meals c three times a day with meals What does Carla suggest he do? a see another doctor b take herbal medicine c eat chicken soup What does Steve decide to do? a talk to another friend b listen to Carla’s suggestion c see the same doctor again

script 7: Job Interview

Choose the best answer:

1

The man studied English and .......... at the university. a sociology b biology c psychology ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

175

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 2

3

4

5

He found his first job in Japan at a .......... . a private language school b community college c university The man’s cooking students wanted to .......... . a open their own restaurants b create new food items c practice English with tourists Now, the man works at a Japanese restaurant and at a .......... . a mental health treatment center b modern fitness center c language training center The man should be a good candidate for the job because he .......... . a has taught in many different countries b has experience in psychological advising c specializes in grammar instruction

script 8: Grocery Shopping

Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

176

Why did the man buy dog food at the supermarket? a The product was on sale at the supermarket. b Their dog was hit by a truck and needed food. c The man adopts a dog from a stranger. Why does he buy tomato juice? a He plans on making a unique spaghetti sauce. b He’s trying to modify the way he eats. c He wants to make a vegetable drink. How much was the milk? a $2.05 b $2.50 c $2.15

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Listening comprehension 4

5

Which item did the man NOT buy? a a carton of orange juice b a package of cookies c some cans of tuna The woman is angry at the end of the conversation because .......... . a the dog starts eating her chocolate cake b there isn’t any good food for dinner c the man is preparing stakes for the dog

script 9: Diet Plan Choose the best answer:

1

2

3

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The man (Andrew) and woman are .......... . a siblings b close friends c husband and wife Andrew found out about his new diet .......... . a on TV b through unwanted mail c from a friend From the conversation, we can infer that Andrew .......... . a just joined a fitness center b has started a new exercise program c hasn’t gone running yet The problem with eating at night is that .......... . a you feel hungrier in the morning hours b your blood pressure increases because of the extra fat c the body isn’t active to use up the extra calories The woman knows Andrew is a regular customer at McDonalds because .......... . a the manager dropped off some food at his house b Andrew has hamburgers in the refrigerator c he is a well-known customer at the restaurant ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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script 10: Baby Food Choose the best answer:

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What is the boy’s name? a Odin b Logan c Kegan The man wants to feed his grandson some .......... . a chocolate cake b milkshake c cookies The boy, Logan, should only be eating rice and .......... . a vegetables b soup c bread The boy has the food all over his .......... . a hands b face c clothes The grandfather says he is talking to his grandson about .......... . a politics b movies c toys

Script 11: Daily Schedule Choose the best answer:

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What time does the man get up? a at 5:00 a.m. b at 7:00 a.m. c at 6:00 a.m.

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What time does he get to work? a at 9:00 a.m. b at 8:00 a.m. c at 7:00 a.m. What does he do with his family around 6:30 p.m.? a They play games. b They read books together. c They eat dinner. What do the man and his wife do after the kids go to bed? a They watch TV. b They listen to music. c They clean the house. What is one thing the man does NOT say about his wife? a She helps the kids with their homework. b She goes shopping for food. c She has to take their children to school.

key answers and scripts 1-World Cup Soccer Woman: Hey. Have you been watching any of the World Cup soccer matches? Man: Well, I was watching until my favorite team was bounced out of the first round of play. I mean, they should have made all the way to the second round, but a whole series of events cost the team the opportunity to prove themselves on the world stage. Woman: What do you mean? Man: Well, in the first match, two of their star players were out with nagging injuries, so the rest of the players, unfortunately, just couldn’t keep up with the opposing team. Woman: Well, that just life. I mean every team is going to have players out with injuries. Man: Yea, but that’s beside the point. And, and then, in the second game, the refs made some terrible calls, allowing the opposing team to slip by with a victory. I mean, we were robbed on that one. The refs must have been walking in their sleep!

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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Woman: But, didn’t one of your own players accidentally kick the ball twice into his own goal? I mean that doesn’t sound like a bad call to me. Man: That’s just beside the POINT! Woman: Really? Man: And finally, our team was ahead in the final watch ... I mean they were way out ahead until the other team rallied in the final three minutes of play to squeak out a victory. It was a total embarrassment for our team. Our team was booed. All I can say is that the sun must have been in our players’ eyes ... Woman: Uh, wasn’t it a night game? Man: That’s beside the point, too. You just not understanding anything I’m saying. Woman: So, who are you rooting for now, seeing that your team has been eliminated? Man: Ah, I can’t watch any more soccer, so I’ve been following an online chess tournament. Woman: What?! Now, that has to be the most ridiculous reaction I have ever heard of. So, you’re going to completely boycott the rest of the play just because your team got bounced out of the tournament? Man: Ah, forget it. You just don’t understand.

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2-Picnic Preparation Scott: Dave. I’m going to the supermarket to pick up food and drink for Saturday’s picnic later. Any suggestions? Dave: Well, everyone has been talking about having a barbecue down by the river, so why don’t you pick up some hamburger and hot dogs?

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Listening comprehension Scott: Okay, but how much hamburger meat are we going to need? And hot dogs too? Dave: Uh, I don’t know. How about three pounds of hamburger and a couple packages of hot dogs? Scott: Oh, that’s not going to be enough. Do you remember the last picnic we went on? Your roommate, Jim, ate about ten hamburgers by himself! Dave: You’re right. Let’s see. I’d better write this down. Uh, let’s see about nine pounds of hamburger meat and, uh . . . , seven packages of hot dogs. Scott: And you better pick up some chicken for those who don’t like hamburger or hot dogs. Dave: Okay. How about five or six bags of potato chips? Scott: Humm. Better make that eight or so. Dave: Alright. Oh, and we’re gonna [going to] need some hamburger and hot dog buns. How about five packages a piece? I think that sounds about right. Scott: Yeah, you’d better pick up some mustard, catchup, and mayonnaise too. Dave: Okay. What else? Uh, we’re gonna [going to] need some soft drinks. How about ten of those big 2-liter bottles? Scott: Sounds fine, but be sure to buy a variety of drinks. Dave: Okay. And what about dessert? Scott: Well, maybe we could ask Kathy to make a few cherry pies like she did last time. Dave: Well, I wouldn’t mind that, but you know, she’s been very busy working two jobs, so I’d hate to ask her, [Oh, hum . . . ] and uh . . . Hey, why don’t you whip up some of your oatmeal cookies? [Well . . .] Hey, you could even ask, uh . . . , what’s her name . . . yeah that new girl, Susan, the one that moved in across the street! [Well . . .] I bet she’d be willing to help you! [I don’t know . . . ] She’s a real knockout! Scott: Nah, I don’t think I could ask her . . .[Ahh!] I don’t know her phone number, plus . . . [ Door bell rings . . . ] Dave: Hey, you don’t need to. She’s at the door! Scott: What do you mean? Dave: Well, I thought you two would hit it off, so I called her up saying I was you, and I invited her over to watch a movie. Scott: You did what??? Dave: Wait, wait, wait . . . [uhhhhh . . . ]

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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3-Social Media Stephanie: Hi, this is Stephanie. I can’t answer the phone right now. I’m away, but feel free to call, leave a message, or text. Alright. Bye. Ronald: Uh, hello, uh yeah. Hi, Stephanie, or Steffi. Uh, I can’t do this? Oh yeah. Uh. Yes, Stephanie, my name is Ronald, but my friends call me Ron. My parents call me, well, forget about that. Uh, I’m originally from Canada, but I grew in Texas. I’m 24 years old, and uh, I graduated from high school about five years ago, and I’m the manager of an exotic pet shop. We carry all kinds of birds, and snakes, and spiders, and fish. We even have one snake that is about four meters long, but I keep him at home. And oh, yeah. Um, my hobbies. I fish, hunt, and ride horses in my free time. My favorite foods are beef, beef, and beef. I don’t eat many vegetables, except potatoes with my beef. And, oh yeah, I sometimes eat apples and beef sometimes. I have two brothers. Both of them live with me because they don’t have jobs, and my mom lives with me, and I have three dogs: Brutus, Charlie, and Samantha. Oh, and one more thing. This might seem strange, but I enjoy reading poetry. So, that’s about it. I hope to hear from you. You can call me if you want. The number is 7891350-. Yeah, uh, right. Catch later, alligator. Oh, oh, that’s so stupid. Uh, oh, Good-bye.

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Listening comprehension 4-Sleeping Problem Woman: James, JAMES! Wake up! Man: What? Why did you wake me up? Woman: It is 2:00 in the afternoon. Man: Only two? I’m going back to bed. Woman: No, you have to get up. You will be late for that class again. Man: Ah, can’t you just take notes for me again? Woman: No, I did that last time, and I am not doing that again. You need to get more sleep and get into a better routine. Man: Routine? Like what? Woman: You should get up no later than 6:30. Man: 6:30? Woman: That gives you plenty of time for a 30-minute workout. Man: You (‹ve) got to be joking! No way. And I already exercise. I turn off the alarm clock, and it takes a lot of strength and endurance to get up at that unspeakable hour. Woman: You need to get to bed no later than 9:00. Man: N . . . . Nine? Woman: Yes, you need at least eight hours of sleep . . . . that’s what science says. and sleeping in class does NOT count. And going to bed at 3:00 in the morning is a terrible way to live, and how many hours do you even get? Man: Well, wait. I get about five hours . . . wait, wait, well? Four hours [ Yeah, right. ], or, or or . . . . sometimes, three, but I do better on less sleep. And I don’t want to sleep my life away. Woman: No, this is unbelievable. You need sleep; caffeine isn’t an acceptable substitute. I’ve seen you fall asleep while driving . . . James, James. Do NOT fall asleep while I’m talking to you. Man: I’m not. I’m just resting my eyes. Woman: Oh, okay, fine, fine. You fail that class . . . see if I care.

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‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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5-Reading Books Dad: Uh, let me finish the newspaper first? Girl: You’ve been saying that forever! Dad: Well, how about reading the business section of the newspaper together? Girl: That’s boring. Let’s read this book. It’s about a bear and cat that becomes friends. [Okay] And these books too. Dad: Whoa. I thought you said one book. There must be ten here. Girl: My teacher, Mrs. Green, says you have to read to me every night, and the newspaper doesn’t count. And let’s eat some popcorn and cookies while we’re reading Dad: Well, it’s bedtime right now. So, okay, here we go. Once upon a time in a deep, dark forest, lived a brown bear . . .

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6-Drugs And Medication Carla: So, how are things going, Steve? Steve: Well, to be honest Carla, I was feeling great on Saturday, but I started to feel sick Sunday afternoon. I thought I’d get better, but I feel worse than before. And I’m really worried because I’m scheduled to give a presentation at work on Friday, so I have to be better by then. Carla: Well, what seems to be the problem? Steve: Well, I thought I had the flu, but the doctor said it was just a bad cold. He gave me some cold medicine to take care of my stuffy nose and fever. I’m supposed to take the medicine three times a day after eating, but it doesn’t seem to help. He also told me to stay off my feet for a day or so, but I’m so busy these days. Carla: Listen, forget about that medicine! I have just the thing to get rid of bad colds. You see, my mom is really into herbal medicine.

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Listening comprehension Steve: Oh, no thanks. Carla: Ah, come on! Give it a try. You just take some of my mom’s herbal tea and drink it four times a day. Believe me. You’ll be up and dancing around in no time. Steve: Dancing around in no time, right? Well, I guess. Nothing else seems to be doing the job. Carla: Great. I’ll come by your place at 7:30. See you then.

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7- Job Interview Woman: Hi. Thanks for coming to the interview today. It’s nice to meet you. Man: Well, thank you. Woman: To begin with, why don’t you tell us a little about yourself? Man: Okay. Um, yeah. I’ve always been interested in teaching in a language program like this, and uh, I graduated with a degree in English and psychology eight years ago, [ Oh, really, both? ]. Yeah, and uh then I landed my first job overseas in Japan. Woman: Oh, wow. That’s pretty impressive. What did you do there? What kind of work? Man: Well, I worked full time, um, for a private language school in Tokyo for the first two years, and then I found a job at a community college. Woman: Oh really? So, exactly what did you do in your work there then? Man: Well, I taught English and, uh, culinary arts. Woman: You taught cooking classes? Man: Well, well, I know it sounds like an unusual combination, but I completed a program in culinary arts before I got my, uh, English and psychology degrees. Woman: Oh, Wow. You’ve done a lot, haven’t you? [ Yeah. ] So, what exactly, um, how did you teach and what exactly did you do?

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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Man: Well, um, many of my students wanted to become chefs in restaurants, or they wanted to start their own restaurants, uh, and in our area, there were many, uh, tourists tourist spots. A lot of tourists came to that particular area, and so with English, they would be able to communicate not only with suppliers, you know things that they need for restaurant’s food and so forth, but also with their customers, and so I taught them English and cooking at the same time. Woman: Wow. That’s, that’s pretty impressive. That’s interesting. [ . . . and tasty.] Oh, I bet. So, why did you return to the United States? How long have you been back? Man: I’ve been back for, uh, probably about a year now. Woman: Okay, so what brought you back then? Man: Well, one of my former students opened a sushi restaurant, uh, in town, and he asked me to work with him. Woman: Really? What’s the name of the restaurant? Man: Well, it’s called Flying Sushi. Have you ever heard of it? Woman: Yes, I’ve been there. Their food is fabulous; it’s top-notch. It’s really hard just to get a reservation there. Man: I know, and uh, well, I work there two weeknights, and uh, and then . . . Woman: So, two nights a week you’re working there still? Man: Right, right, but then, but . . . I want to return to teaching. I’ve also been working as a therapist at a treatment center for teenagers struggling with depression and other mental health disorders. Woman: Oh, wow, that would be a really interesting job. Man: It is, it is. Woman: Wow. You have such a wide range of experience. Uh, you know, to be honest, we have fifteen people who are applying for this position. You’ve got quite a background, but why don’t you tell me three reasons why you would be the best person for this job. Man: Um, well, first of all, uh, I understand that different students have different learning styles, and for that reason, I have used iPads, video, music, cooking, drama, role plays, and games to reach every student. [ That’s good. ] And second, I have a background in academic and psychological counseling and advising [ Uh, huh ] . . . skills that are often needed, you know, in working with international students. Woman: Yeah, that could be really useful. Man: Yeah, so you know, many of them struggle with, uh, emotional turmoil, you know, home sickness . . . . Woman: Yeah, coming to a new place . . . Man: Right, so making the transition can be very overwhelming, and uh . . .

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Listening comprehension Woman: Good. So, what would you say would be a third reason? Man: And finally, I speak four different languages . . . . Woman: Four? Wow! What languages do you speak? Man: Well, I speak Spanish, Portuguese, and Japanese at an advanced level. [ At an advanced level? Wow. ] And I also speak Arabic at a high-intermediate level. Woman: That’s very, very impressive. You do have an impressive resume. Man: Thank you. Woman: Uh, what we’re doing . . . we’re going to have two rounds of interviews, and we will contact you on Friday and let you know whether or not you’ll be coming back for the second round of interviews. Man: Okay. Woman: It’s been really nice meeting you, and thank you for your time.

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8-Grocery Shopping Man: Hey. Can you give me a hand with the groceries? And I told you I could do the shopping. Woman: Wow! Do we really need all this stuff? Let me see that receipt. Man: Hey, I only bought the essentials. Woman: Okay. Let’s see. Dog food. Twenty-four dollars and seventy cents ($24.70)? We don’t even have a dog! Man: Well, it WAS going to be a surprise, but look in the back of the truck. Woman: What? Man: Ah, ha, hah. Speechless. I knew you’d love him. Woman: That thing? That dog’s as big as a horse. He probably eats like one, too.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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Man: Ah, but he’s sure friendly. And someone was giving him away at the supermarket, and I . . . I . . . I couldn’t let that poor thing pass another day without a loving home. Woman: Whatever. Where was I? Eighteen dollars and nineteen cents ($18.19) for twenty-four cans of tomato juice? You don’t even like that stuff! Man: Ahhhh. Not yet. I’ve decided to change my eating habits. Woman: Right. Man: You’ll see, you’ll see. Woman: Okay. Let’s see. Three eighty-four ($3.84) for a box of chocolate cookies and twelve fifty-six ($12.56) for a case of soft drinks. [Yeah!] Changing your eating habits, huh? Do you really think that cookies are some type of diet food? Man: Hey, I’ll just eat a cookie or two every other hour. In fact, they’re a great source of carbohydrates for energy. And, you see, the tomato juice and cookies kind of, you know, cancel each other out. Woman: Oh brother. I can’t believe what I’m hearing. Let’s see. Where was I? A carton of eggs, two fifty ($2.50) for a gallon of milk, three cans of tuna. Okay. [Yeah.] And finally two steaks for eight fourteen ($8.14) . Now, something worth enjoying. I’ll get the grill started. Man: Oh, we . . . w . . . well. The steaks are for Herbert. Woman: Herbert. Who’s Herbert? Man: Uh, he’s the dog. [No!] You see, the previous owner said that he’s kind of . . . he’s somewhat picky about what he eats, [No!], and the steaks might help him adjust [Absolutely not!] . . . . no, no, no, and the steaks might help him adjust to his new home. Hey, what are you doing? Oh, no. Why did you throw the steaks out on the ground outside? Woman: Well, now, you and Herbert can get to know each other better. I’m going out to eat by myself. Man: Ughh.

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9- Diet Plan

Listening comprehension

Andrew’s Sister: Hey, Andrew! An . . . ? Andrew. [ What? ] Andrew. Andrew: What? What’s going on? Andrew’s Sister: What happened to YOU? Andrew: You mean my hair? You like my hair? Andrew’s Sister: Uh, I think you know what I mean, Andrew. Do you want me to be honest? [ What? ] Okay. Andrew. You’ve put on, like, a ton of weight since I saw you at Christmas time. What on earth happened to you? Andrew: Why are you always so blunt? Andrew’s Sister: Well, I’m your big sister. I’m . . . what am I? Three years older than you, and I can be blunt if I want. Besides, you used to say stuff like that to me all of the time. You used to call me fatso all the time when I was little. Andrew: Oh, yeah, well, to be honest, uh . . . , I started changing my life . . . . yesterday. [ Oh good! ] I’m on the Wafu Diet. Andrew’s Sister: What? I’ve never even heard of the Wafu Diet. What is that? Andrew: Ah, it’s too difficult to explain. I found information about it in my junk mail the other day . . . Andrew’s Sister: What? You read your junk mail? No one reads their junk mail. Andrew: . . . and I signed up for it, and it only cost $490. Andrew’s Sister: You’re serious? [ Yeah. ] Four hundred and ninety bucks? [ Yeah. ] Like every month or every week or . . . ? Andrew: I didn’t check that . . . ah, ah, but, but, but, but . . . I think . . . Andrew’s Sister: Listen. I think you’re getting scammed, and it sounds really stupid, so listen. I’m not fat anymore, so trust me. I . . . if you want to lose weight, you need to do it the right way. Andrew: Well, like what? Andrew’s Sister: Well, okay. Andrew: Okay, uh, well, look. Look at my running shoes over there. Andrew’s Sister: Andrew. They’re still in the box. ( Well . . . ). Never used. Besides exercise, yeah, exercise is wonderful. It’s great, but you also need to learn how to eat right. For example, you need to eat smaller portions. And, and you can’t load up your plate with seconds and thirds like you always used to do at the family parties. Andrew: Well, okay. I’ll just get a bigger plate! Andrew’s Sister: Andrew! That won’t help. Next [ Oh, next? ]. Oh yeah. So, first of all, smaller portions [ Okay. ] Then, you need to make sure you eat a good, well-balanced breakfast first thing in the morning [ I do that. ] and then you follow that up with smaller meals throughout the day, cause, you know what? If you skip breakfast, then throughout the day, you feel like you need to make up it by overeating at lunch and dinner and lots of snacks. [ Uh . . . ] ‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

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Andrew’s Sister: Anyway, um, oh yeah. Don’t eat late at night. [ What? Like what? ] Well, you know a lot of people . . . they want a . . . they want a late night snack and stuff like that, but a lot of times, that’s really, really high-calorie stuff like ice cream and things, and your body’s not active to burn it off, so you just store all those calories as fat. You have to throw away . . . Oh my gosh! [ What? ] That’s all you have in your freezer! You’ve only got ice cream in here! You’re going to have to throw that all away? Andrew: It’s low-calorie (ice cream). Andrew’s Sister: Low cal. No, it’s not low-cal. Look right here. Andrew! That’s all the food you’ve got in here is ice cream. Andrew: Well, what else, what else? Andrew’s Sister: Also, what else are you eating? [ Well, you know . . .] I mean, seriously. All you eat is ice cream? Oh, oh, oh. Look in your trash. You go to McDonalds every day. Every day you’re eating at fast food? [ Well . . .] Okay, you got to cut out the fast food. When you know the manager of McDonalds by name, and he’s your best buddy on Facebook, you know that you’re going to McDonalds or any fast food place too much. Andrew: Uh, this is going to be tough. Andrew’s Sister: Yeah. It’ probably will be. But you also need to eat a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables [ Oh, well. ]; cut way back on sugar. No more sugary drinks like those five gallons of Coke you drink every day. Andrew: I don’t drink five gallons. Andrew’s Sister: Close enough. Look at the size of those cups! How many times do you refill them? Andrew: Well, then, drink what? Andrew’s Sister: Water! [ Water? ] It’s really good for you. Andrew: Oh, this is going to be tough. Andrew’s Sister: It might be.

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Listening comprehension 10- Baby Food Grandfather: Hey. Logan. How about some chocolate peanut butter milkshake? Yum, yum, yum, yum, yum . . . . Daughter: Dad. What are you feeding my child? [What?] He shouldn’t eat anything but rice and plain bread. He’s not supposed to eat anything else right now. Grandfather: Oh, this rice is so good, Logan. Yum, yuck, yuck. Sorry, Logan. But hey, look. Your mom’s in the other room. Let’s forget the rice for a minute. One bite of this chocolate milkshake won’t hurt. Here. Take a small bite, no a BIG bite . . . yeah! Daughter: How does my child like the rice? Grandfather: Well. . . . Logan. Look. You have chocolate all over your face. Let me clean up your face before your mom comes in here. Daughter: Dad. Is he not eating? Do I need to come in there? Grandfather: No, no, no. We’re fine. Thanks. Logan and I are just talking about politics, the stock market. You know, the economic turmoil in the world. Just light stuff like that. Daughter: Oh, yeah, that’s all he needs. I . . . I’m coming in there. Grandfather: No, no, no. No need. Oh . . . Daughter: Dad! What have you been giving him? Grandfather: We’ve just been sharing some of this chocolate rice, uh, milkshake! Daughter: You know it doesn’t come in flavors, right? It just comes in rice. Uh, look. Wash his face. We have to go to the store. Get him cleaned up. Grandfather: Okay. Logan. I guess I’ll have to finish the milkshake myself

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‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

191

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

11- Daily Schedule Woman: So, what’s your usual day like? You always seem so busy. Man: Well, I usually get up around 5:00 a.m. and work on the computer until 6:00 a.m. Woman: Why do you get up so early? Man: Well, I have to leave home at twenty to seven (6:40 a.m.) so I can catch a bus at 7:00 o’clock . It takes me about twenty minutes to walk to the bus stop from my house. Woman: And what time do you get to work? Man: Uh, my bus takes about an hour to get there, but it stops right in front of my office. Woman: That’s nice. And what time do you get off work? Man: Uh, around 5:00 o’clock. Then, we eat dinner around 6:30, and my wife and I read and play with the kids until 8:00 or so. Woman: So, when do you work on your website? You said one time that you create it at home? Man: Well, my wife and I often watch TV or talk until 10:00 o’clock. She then often reads while I work on my site, and I sometimes stay up until the early hours of the morning, but I try to finish everything by one or two. Woman: And then you get up at 5:00 a.m.? Man: Well, yeah, but it’s important to live a balanced life. I enjoy what I do, but you have to set aside time for the family and yourself. Woman: I agree. Man: But I think my wife has the toughest job. She spends her whole day taking care of our family . . . taking the kids to school, working in the garden, buying groceries, taking the kids to piano lessons . . . [Wow!] It’s a full-time job, but she enjoys what she does.

Key answers

192

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1

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

‫‪Vocabulary‬‬

‫‪Chapter six‬‬

‫‪Vocabulary‬‬

‫‪193‬‬

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫الكت ��اب‪ ،‬علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Vocabulary Vocabulary Section

194

‫المفردات اللغوية‬

Word

meaning in Arabic

custom

‫عادة‬

keen

‫مهتم ب‬

own

‫ خاص بــ‬/‫ملك لــ‬

various

‫ مختلف‬/ ‫متنوع‬

Different

approximately

‫ حوالى‬/ ‫تقريب َا‬

around / nearly / about.

foreigner

‫أجنبي‬

a person from another country.

health

‫صحة‬

the state of being well.

healthy

‫صحي‬

strong , not often ill.

take place

‫يحدث‬

happen.

intend

‫ يقصد‬/ ‫ينوي‬

To plan or have plan in your head.

biology

‫علم األحياء‬

the science which studies living things.

chemistry

‫علم الكيمياء‬

the science which studies substances.

course

‫دورة تدريبية‬

is a group of lessons which go together.

credit

‫ درجات‬/ ‫تقدير‬

physics

‫علم الفيزياء‬

danger

‫خطر‬

the possibility of harm or loss.

furniture

‫آثاث‬

things you use in home such as beds.

material

‫مادة خام‬

appear

‫يظهر‬

to arrive so that people can see it.

gold

‫ذهب‬

a yellow material ( metal )

silver

‫فضة‬

a white material ( metal )

introduce

‫يقدم‬

to bring it into use for the first time.

set

‫مجموعة‬

a group of things which go together.

airline

‫خطوط جوية‬

A business that runs a regular service for carrying passengers and goods.

flight

‫رحلة جوية‬

a journey by plane.

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meaning in English is a thing which all people in a country do. very interested in something. belonging to someone or having.

marks which you get for finishing a course. is the science which studies light, heat, sound and electricity.

a substance such as plastic and leather.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

queue

‫طابور‬

a line of people who are waiting for something.

try

‫يحاول‬

to do something if you can.

lamp

‫مصباح‬

Something makes light.

marble

‫رخام‬

replace

‫يستبدل‬

row

‫صف‬

a queue / a line.

appreciate

‫يقدر‬

to understand the value of something.

habit

meaning in English

a kind of stone which is used to build or decorate buildings. to put a new thing in place of an old one.

‫ فردية‬- ‫ عادة شخصية‬like a custom but is done by one person.

rarely

َ‫نادرا‬

almost never.

tourist

‫سائح‬

a person who goes touring or visiting.

apart

‫بعيد‬

separate / away from.

competition

‫منافسة‬

remain

‫ يظل‬- ‫يبقى‬

operate

a game which tests what people can do. Stay

‫ يجرى عملية‬/ ‫يشغل‬ to make something work. ‫جراحية‬

prevent

‫يمنع‬

to stop a person doing something.

register

‫يسجل‬

be on a list.

result

‫نتيجة‬

what happens after you do something.

treat

‫يعالج‬

to try to cure by medical means.

design

‫ يصمم‬/‫تصميم‬

facilities

‫تسهيالت‬

need

‫حاجة‬

recognize

‫يتعرف – يدرك‬

agriculture

‫الزراعة‬

commerce

‫تجارة‬

the buying and selling of things between countries.

commercial

‫تجارى‬

the adj. of commerce.

production

‫انتاج‬

to plan something usually on paper. the equipment, the place and all the things which make it possible to do something. a thing which you need or want. to find that you already know someone or something as you have seen them before. farming.

Making things.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

195

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

196

Word

meaning in Arabic

industry

‫صناعة‬

prepare

‫يجهز – يعد‬

make someone or something ready.

deal with

‫يتعامل مع‬

try to find a solution.

experiment

‫تجربة‬

to try or to test something to see what happens.

extremely

‫للغاية‬

Very

in addition

ً ‫ باإلضافة إلى‬/ ‫أيضا‬

also.

operator

‫ عامل‬/ ‫مشغل‬

out in the open

‫في الخارج‬

rank

‫رتبة عسكرية‬

rescue

‫ينقذ‬

to make someone safe from danger.

spill

‫يسكب‬

to come out or fall out accidentally.

Trap

‫يحبس‬

to catch someone or something so that they can’t get away.

active

‫نشط‬

always ready to do things.

appliance

‫أجهزة منزلية‬

death

‫الموت‬

develop

‫يطور – ينمى‬

difficult

‫صعب‬

exercise

‫تدريبات رياضية‬

Fit

- ‫مناسب – صحي‬ ‫الئق‬

hearing

‫السمع‬

look like

‫ يبدو‬- ‫يشبه‬

to look almost the same as

precaution

‫ وقاية‬/ ‫حذر‬

prevent accidents or diseases

shock

‫صدمة‬

sight

‫ النظر‬- ‫الرؤية‬

the ability to see

simple

‫ بسيط‬- ‫سهل‬

Easy

smoke

‫يدخن‬

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meaning in English production in factories.

a person who makes a machine work. outside a person’s place in the police, civil defense , army, etc.

a machine found in the house. the end of life. to become bigger or more complete. the opposite of easy moving your body to keep healthy Healthy the ability to hear

something bad and unexpected

to use cigarettes

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

sweet

‫حلوى‬

against

‫ضد‬

coast

‫ساحل‬

continent

‫قارة‬

ocean

‫محيط‬

permanently

‫بشكل دائم‬

successful

‫ناجح‬

an adjective for all someone that does well

success

‫النجاح‬

doing well.

cereals

‫حبوب لألكل‬

convenient

‫ مناسب‬- ‫مالئم‬

energy

‫طاقة‬

extra

‫ زيادة‬- ‫إضافي‬

a small shaped thing made of sugar or chocolate. is a preposition, like at , in , etc...... the land at the edge of the sea. a large area of land. a very large sea. for a long time ; for all time.

plants which we use for feed. easy to use or easy to get. the ability to do work. added; more than usual.

gain

‫ يكسب شيء معنوي‬getting more.

store

‫ محل‬-‫يخزن – مخزن‬

substance

‫مادة خام‬

unfortunately

‫لسوء الحظ‬

circular

‫دائري‬

in the shape of a circle

college

‫كلية‬

an institution for higher education.

entertainment

‫ تسلية‬- ‫متعة‬

something that enjoys people.

field

‫ حقل‬- ‫مجال‬

a piece of land used for growing food or keeping animals.

graduate

‫خريج‬

high way

‫طريق سريع‬

lane

‫ممر في طريق سريع‬ ‫ حارة‬/

latest

‫ أحدث‬- ‫مؤخرا‬

from a very short time before.

machinery

‫ آالت‬- ‫ماكينات‬

machines in general.

a tap

‫صنبور المياه‬

coming from the water tap.

provide

‫يوفر‬/‫يزود‬/‫يمد‬

give.

recently

‫ حديثا‬/ ‫مؤخرا‬

a short time before the present time.

to put it in a place and keep it there. a material. Unluckily

a person who completes a course of studies and receives a certificate. a large road where cars can drive fast. a part of a high way for one line of traffic.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

197

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

198

Word

meaning in Arabic

spacious

‫كبير‬

Technology

‫تكنولوجيا‬

science used for making things in industry.

Through

‫من خالل‬

because of ; by way of.

cancer

‫سرطان‬

a disease caused by uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in part of the body.

cause

‫ سبب‬- ‫يسبب‬

decrease

‫يقلل‬

to become smaller or less.

evidence

‫دليل‬

information that shows if something is true/ proof.

increase

‫يزداد‬/‫يزيد‬

large

‫ واسع‬-‫كبير‬

big

occur

‫ يحدث‬- ‫يقع‬

to happen or take place.

quantity

‫كمية‬

a number of things or an amount.

skin

‫جلد‬

the outside layer or covering of a person or animal.

present

‫ حاضر‬/ ‫هدية‬

deep

‫عميق‬

similar

‫متشابه‬

depth

‫عمق‬

the noun of deep.

extract

‫يستخرج‬

take out; pull out.

include

‫يتضمن‬

something as a part of a group or set.

likely

‫محتمل‬

probable

liquid

‫سائل‬

substance not solid or gas such as water.

method

‫طريقة‬

A way of doing something.

process

‫عملية‬

a series of steps that make a change.

solid

‫صلب‬

hard substance.

Symbol

‫رمز‬

a picture that means more than something it shows.

toy

‫لعبة‬

a thing made for children to play with.

un wanted

‫غير مطلوب‬

express

‫ سريع‬- ‫يعبر عن‬

limited

‫محدود‬

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meaning in English big

to make something happen.

to become more or bigger.

gift / not absent far down. like, almost the same.

not wanted. going quickly, sent quickly. not very large.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

reach

‫يصل إلى‬

tele

‫بعيد‬

far

unify

‫يوحد‬

to make or become united.

via

‫ خالل‬-‫عبر‬

achieve

‫ينجز‬

belief

‫اعتقاد‬

something that is believed / opinion.

compete

‫ينافس‬

try to beat others.

harvest

‫حصاد‬

the collecting crops.

one another

‫كل شخص‬

Performance

‫أداء‬

record

‫تسجيل‬

represent

‫يمثل – ينوب عن‬

responsible for

‫مسؤول عن‬

selection

‫اختيار‬

Choice

select

‫ يختار‬- ‫يحدد‬

Choose

silk

‫حرير‬

a thread which is made by silk worm.

fear

‫خوف‬

be afraid of.

fine

‫ حسن‬- ‫جيد‬

feeling well.

force

‫قوة‬

strength.

free

‫حر‬

allowed to do something.

such

‫مثل‬

like something already mentioned.

such as

‫على سبيل المثال‬

wealthy

‫ثرى‬

beef

‫لحم بقرى‬

brass

‫نحاس اصفر‬

drawer

‫درج‬

entrance

‫مدخل‬

far east

‫الشرق األقصى‬

freeze

‫يجمد‬

got to , arrive at.

through , by do something successfully.

each other. the way someone does his work. to store so that it can be looked in the future. speak for, stand in the place of. in charge of

for example. rich the meat we get from a cow. a yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc. a box which moves and which is used for storing things. a place where you enter a building. The south east Asia to make something as cold as ice.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

199

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Word

meaning in Arabic

freezer

‫مجمد‬

lamb

a machine for freezing food.

‫ )الحمل الصغير (خروف‬a young sheep. to like someone or something better than another or others.

prefer

‫يفضل‬

price

‫ تكلفة‬/‫سعر‬

veal

‫)لحم بقرى (عجل‬

available

‫متاح‬

able to be used / found / bought

condition

‫حالة‬

the way something looks or works

expand

‫يتمدد‬

make or grow longer.

failure

‫فشل‬

the opposite of success.

fail

‫يفشل‬

The opposite of succeed.

generally

‫عموما‬

considering something as a whole.

ill

‫مريض‬

Sick

illness

‫مرض‬

Sickness

scarce

‫ غير متوفر‬/ ‫نادر‬

translate

‫يترجم‬

believer

‫ مصدق‬/‫معتقد‬

Caribbean

200

meaning in English

the cost the meat which we get from a calf.

Rare put into another language. a person who believes.

‫ بحر ومنطقة ساحلية‬a sea and an area in the north Atlantic.

contact

‫اتصال‬

forefather

‫ سلف‬/ ‫جد‬

great-grand parent

‫الجد والجدة األوائل‬

majority

‫اغلبية‬

memorial

‫نصب تذكارى‬

president

‫رئيس جمهورية‬

outnumber

‫يفوقه عددا‬

Turn to

‫يلجأ إلى‬

Actor

‫ممثل‬

a person who acts in a play.

bring up

‫يربى‬

take care of a child.

Career

‫مهنة‬

a person’s working life.

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meeting , coming together. people in your family long ago. your grandfather’s or grandmother’s parent. the greater number. a building to remind people of a person or an event. the man who rules a republic. be more than. to go to comfort or help.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

character

‫ سمة‬/ ‫شخصية‬ ‫شخصية‬

what makes one person different from another.

Gentleman

‫ دمث الخلق‬/ ‫سيد‬

Insurance

‫تأمين‬

kind

‫ عطوف‬/ ‫طيب‬

helpful / interested in others.

kindness

‫ العطف‬/ ‫الطيبة‬

the noun of kind.

lonely

‫وحدة‬

unhappy when alone or without friends.

part owner

‫شريك‬

a partner.

play

‫ لعب‬/ ‫مسرحية‬

poem

‫قصيدة‬

a literary composition involving rhyme ,rhythm and imagery.

poet

‫شاعر‬

a person who writes poems.

poetry

‫شعر‬

poems in general.

stage

‫منصة المسرح‬

a part of a theatre on which actors stand.

theatre

‫مسرح‬

the building in which plays are performed.

childhood

‫طفولة‬

the time when you were a child.

prisoner

‫سجين‬

someone who kept in a place and can’t leave.

allowance

‫حصة مالية‬

author

‫مؤلف‬

fortune

‫ حظ‬/ ‫ثروة‬

manhood

‫رجولة‬

the fact of being a man not a boy.

novel

‫رواية‬

along written story.

sentenced

‫محكوم عليه كعقوبة‬

campus

‫حرم جامعى‬

consider

‫ يعتبر‬/ ‫يفكر فى‬

economics

‫اقتصاد‬

a man who acts well towards others. an agreement to pay money in case of illness , death or accident.

an activity for enjoyment only.

money that you are given regularly for a special reason. a person who writes a book, ............ wealth , luck.

to give a legal punishment. the land which a school , college or university is located on. think about something. the study of how money and goods are produced and distributed.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

201

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

202

Word

meaning in Arabic

strict

‫ دقيق‬/ ‫صارم‬

Humanities

‫العلوم اإلنسانية‬

Intelligent

‫ذكى‬

pharmacology

‫علم العقاقير‬

pity

‫شفقة‬

social sciences

‫علوم المجتمع‬

Society

‫مجتمع‬

straight way

‫فورا‬

Veterinary medicine

‫الطب البيطرى‬

the study of animal medicine.

veterinary

‫طبيب بيطرى‬

a doctor for animals

vet.

‫طبيب بيطرى‬

a doctor for animals

Veterinary surgeon

‫طبيب جراح بيطرى‬

surgeon

‫طبب جراح‬

engineering

‫علم الهندسة‬

adventure

‫مغامرة‬

Chief

‫ رئيس‬/ ‫قائد‬

leader / ruler / the head of tribe.

desire

‫ يرغب‬/ ‫رغبة‬

want something a lot.

entire

‫ بالكامل‬/ ‫كليا‬

whole / complete.

Fair

‫أشقر – عادل – فاتح‬ ‫اللون‬

Faith

‫ايمان‬

fertile

‫ مثمر‬/ ‫خصب‬

hostile

‫عدائى‬

very unfriendly / belonging to the enemy.

promise

‫ يعد‬/ ‫وعد‬

say that you will certainly do something.

keep a promise

‫يحفظ الوعد‬

tribe

‫قبيلة‬

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meaning in English firm / accurate the study of subjects such as language but not science. smart , be quick to understand. the study of medicines a feeling of being sorry for someone else. the study of people in society. a group of people considered as a whole. immediately.

a doctor for injured animals a doctor makes surgeries. the study of building roads and bridges. an exciting event of journey

light in colour / honest / a good copy. strong belief able to produce plants.

do what you promised to do. a group of people who live together and ruled by one chief.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

tribal

‫ منسوب إلى‬/ ‫قبلى‬ ‫قبيلة‬

generosity

‫كرم‬

form

‫شكل‬

ride up

‫يمتطى‬

framed

‫محاط بإطار‬

illustrate

‫ يوضح‬/ ‫يفسر‬

In demand

‫مطلوب‬

native speaker

‫متحدث اصلى اللغة‬

slanted

‫ مائل‬/ ‫منحدر‬

not vertical but at an angle.

version

‫ نسخة‬/ ‫اصدار‬

a form of something which has been changed a little from the original.

basement

‫بدروم‬

a room or rooms in the house under the ground.

clock

‫ساعة‬

an instrument for measuring time.

drainage

‫مصرف مياه‬

a system of pipes for carrying away waste water.

escalator

‫درج متحرك‬

stairs which move so that you don’t have to walk up with them.

Elderly

‫كهل‬

belonging to a tribe. when you are happy to give. Shape. to sit on a horse back and control its movement. with a frame around. explain by using pictures, ........ wanted. someone who has spoken a language since he was born.

quite old. an instrument which used to blow air around the room. A supporter of a famous person.

fan

‫ مروحة‬/ ‫مشجع‬

foundation stone

‫حجر األساس‬

a stone which is laid by an important person at the beginning of a building.

adapt

‫يتكيف‬

change something to match another purpose or environment.

benefit

‫ منفعة‬/ ‫فائدة‬

challenge

‫يتحدى‬

call someone to compete against you.

cooperation

‫تعاون‬

working together.

explorer

an advantage or good thing

‫ متصفح‬/ ‫ مستكشف‬a person who travels to find out places.

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

203

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Word

meaning in Arabic

Human being

‫انسان‬

individually

‫ بشكل‬/ ‫على حدة‬ ‫منفرد‬

memory

‫ذاكرة‬

an ability to remember things.

memorize

‫يتذكر‬

Learn

moisture

‫رطوبة‬

water in small quantities.

ration

‫ نسبة‬/ ‫حصة‬

ultraviolet

a person , a man , woman or child. Separately

the amount a person gets.

‫ اشعة فوق بنفسجية‬rays can’t be seen by the human eyes.

sub-zero

‫تحت الصفر‬

under zero.

voyage

‫رحلة بحرية‬

a trip by sea.

expedition

‫رحلة استكشافية‬

common

‫ عادى‬/ ‫ منتشر‬/ ‫شائع‬

decline

204

meaning in English

a trip for scientific purpose. belonging to several people - found in many places , usual

‫ يغفل – يرفض – يضعف‬weakness / refuse

decorate

‫يزين‬

make something more beautiful by adding things to it.

decoration

‫زينة‬

something used to decorate.

emphasize

‫يؤكد‬

make people notice something; stress

frame

‫ هيكل‬/ ‫اطار‬

loud speaker

‫مكبر صوت‬

plaza

‫منطقة ترفيهية‬

sprinkler

‫رشاش‬

ventilate

‫يهوى‬

allow fresh air to enter a room

ventilator

‫تهوية‬

an opening in the wall which can be opened or closed to ventilate.

cemetery

‫مقبرة‬

a place where dead people are buried

criminal

‫مجرم‬

a person who breaks the law.

escape

‫يهرب‬

get away.

forgive

‫يسامح‬

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the edge of the metal or wood around a picture. an electrical instrument which makes sounds louder. an open area in a town or city. an instrument for spreading drops of water over a large area.

say that you don’t punish someone doing something wrong.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

kidnap

‫يخطف‬

persuade

‫يقنع‬

to make someone do what you want after discussion.

printer

‫طابعة‬

a person who makes books, ......... a machine which prints things.

reward

‫ مكافأة‬/ ‫يكافئ‬

something given to a person for service

safe

‫ خزينة‬/ ‫آمن‬

a strong metal box with a door used for keeping money in. not in danger.

slave

‫عبد‬

unusable

‫غير مستخدم‬

can’t be used.

washable

‫قابل للغسيل‬

able to be washed without being damaged.

laughable

‫ساخر‬

breakable

‫قابل للكسر‬

steal a person usually for money

a person who is owned by another person and works for him without money.

something silly that you cannot treat in a serious way. something can be broken easily.

acquire

‫ يحصل على‬/ ‫ يكتسب‬get / gain

aircraft

‫مركبة تسير فى الهواء‬

continually

‫بشكل متكرر‬

fare

‫أجرة المواصالت‬

price of riding a vehicle / the money paid by travelers to travel.

fleet

‫اسطول‬

a group of places, buses, cars or ships move together.

headquarters

‫المركز الرئيسى‬

wide- bodied

‫عريض البنية‬

jet

‫نوع من المحركات‬

service

‫خدمة‬

put out

‫ يطفئ‬/ ‫يخمد‬

tour

a machine which flies such as airplane , helicopter,............ repeated many times.

the main office of an organization. a person has a wide shoulder. a kind of engine. something done for people by an organization. to stop fire.

‫جولة سياحية‬/‫ يتجول‬to travel around an area.

fire station

‫محطة االطفاء‬

a building for fire fighters and their equipments.

chemical

‫مادة كيميائية‬

substance used in chemistry.

accidentally

‫بشكل عارض‬

happen without intending / by chance

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

205

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

206

Word

meaning in Arabic

minimum

‫الحد األدنى‬

sharp

‫حاد‬

scald

‫احتراق بماء حار‬

beyond

‫ وراء‬/ ‫فوق‬

border

‫حدود‬

the official line that separate two countries.

army

‫جيش‬

the part of a country’s military who defense its land.

fresh

‫طازج‬

in good condition because or has been produced recently.

attract

‫يجذب‬

to make someone like something or feel interested in it.

attractive

‫جذاب‬

adj. pleasant to look at.

balanced

‫متوازن‬

contain equal elements.

diet

‫غذاء‬

the kind of food that you eat each day.

fuel

‫وقود‬

a substance can be burned to produce heat or power.

supply

‫ يزود‬/ ‫يمد‬

contain

‫يحتوى على‬

Has or include.

District

‫ حى‬/ ‫منطقة‬

an area of a city.

Advantage

‫ منفعة‬/ ‫ فائدة‬/ ‫ميزة‬

Disadvantage

‫عيب‬

Remedy

‫ يعالج‬/ ‫عالج‬

a medicine that cure pain / to deal successfully with a problem.

Achieve

‫ ينجز‬/ ‫يحقق‬

to succeed in doing something well.

beverages

‫مشروبات‬

Drinks

Selection

‫ انتقاء‬/ ‫اختيار‬

Choice

international

‫دولى‬

connected with more than one country.

Voice

‫صوت‬

the sound you make when you speak.

Minaret

‫مأذنة‬

a tall tower of mosque.

fountain

‫نافورة‬

a structure that sent out water into the air.

century

‫قرن‬

herd

‫ قبيلة‬/ ‫قطيع‬

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meaning in English the least / the smallest. has a very thin edge. to burn someone with hot liquid or boiled water. more than a particular amount / behind.

provide.

benefit. bad thing or dismerit.

100 years. a group of animals or people of one kind.

Vocabulary Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

insult

‫يهين‬

to say or do something that offends someone.

ancestor

‫ جد‬/ ‫سلف‬

a member of your family who lived a long time ago.

victory

‫نصر‬

winning a battle or competition.

drive / drove / driven

‫يقود‬

to control a car and make it move.

positive

‫ايجابى‬

constructive.

negative

‫سلبى‬

unconstructive

permission

‫ سماح‬/ ‫اذن‬

total

/‫المجموع الكلى‬ ‫المحصلة‬

screen

‫شاشة‬

compare

‫يقارن‬

specialize

‫يتخصص‬

power station

‫محطة الطاقة‬

viewer

‫مشاهد التليفزيون‬

compulsory

‫ اجبارى‬/ ‫الزامى‬

climate

‫مناخ‬

ceiling

‫سقف‬

sloping

‫ منحدر‬/ ‫مائل‬

cave

‫كهف‬

spare

‫اضافى‬

extra / additional.

patient

‫مريض‬

a sick person.

lung

‫رئة‬

one of two organs in the body used to breathe.

pulse

‫نبض‬

regular beat in the heart.

cough

‫ كحة‬/ ‫يكح‬

appointment

‫موعد‬

a meeting that has been arranged for a particular time and place.

department

‫قسم‬

one of the parts of large organization / section.

clinic

‫عيادة‬

to allow someone to do something. the final number o amount. the flat glass part of a television. to examine two or more things in order to find out how they are similar or different. to limit most of your study, business, ....... a building where electricity is made. someone who watches television. to force someone to do something. the typical weather conditions in an area. the inside surface of the top part of the room. higher at one end than at the other. a large natural hole in the side of a cliff.

make air come out of the throat with a sudden short sound.

doctor’s office

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

207

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP

Word

meaning in Arabic

meaning in English

specialist

‫متخصص‬

vaccine

‫ تطعيم‬/ ‫لقاح‬

surgeon

‫طبيب جراح‬

anesthetics

‫مخدر‬

substances that help patients sleep during operations.

Antiseptic

‫مطهر‬

a substance to kill bacteria.

ambassador

‫سفير‬

a person who represents his country in another one.

Truck

‫شاحنة‬

Excursion

‫ رحلة قصيرة‬/ ‫نزهة‬

expert / someone who knows a lot about a particular subject. liquid that prevents diseases. doctor cuts into patient’s body during operations.

lorry short trip / picnic

Choose the word closest in the meaning to the underlined word.

1 2 3 4 5 6

208

This teacher speaks to every student individually. a carefully b hard c separately d loudly Our hospital acquired new machines last year. a helped b made c had d got This lesson is hard to learn. a well c difficult

b easy d good

Sick people don’t feel good. a Happy b Rich c Poor d ill There is a big demand for pens to write on the board. a writer b notice c help d need She moved to this new flat with her family. a floor b building c cave d apartment

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Vocabulary 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Eating too much candy is unhealthy. a fruit b sweet c meat d vegetables The teacher asked the student to complete the exercises. a finish b write c read d copy He was annoyed because he lost his sunglasses. a poor b smart c happy d angry The sun is a star and sends out light. a receives b orbits c reflects d radiates This supermarket has many different merchandises. a salesman b goods c customers d doors The plane fortunately had an accident but had not been destroyed. a easily b carefully c sadly d luckily My father had a very nice truck. a notebook c library

b flat d lorry

The country has an enormous wealth. a big b a small c not enough d a hidden The time refers to nearly 12 o’clock. a close b reach c exactly d almost This man gives needy people food every Friday. a sad b happy c poor d rich I went to buy a dozen towels to put in the bathroom. a five b ten c twelve d twenty

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

209

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

210

He travelled to England with his companions last year. a brothers b neighbors c students d friends Most Muslims memorize the Holly Qur’an. a make b read c write d conserve Antarctica is far from Saudi Arabia. a near b remote c close d big His house is full of appliances of many kinds. a seats b furniture c tools d machines It is ordinary to be hot in summer season in Saudi Arabia. a normal b abnormal c well d quite The drapes of the Kab’a are changed every year. a windows b doors c seats d curtains If you please, give me four cans of soft drinks. a tins b classes c cups d cartoons A judge must be a very fair person. a good c rich

b old d honest

The speaker emphasizes the word in his speech. a reads b stresses c writes d underline Human beings can’t live under water. a Plants b Things c Animals d People They intend to travel abroad to complete their studies. a fly b plan c drive d help

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Vocabulary 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

She selects a modern skirt. a buys b sells c mends d chooses This boy never sleeps after noon. a rarely b usually c often d sometimes There is a beautiful bazaar near our house. a school b market c playground d yard He has various plane models . a new b old c similar d different I have a light in my living room. a lamp b a rug c a bed d a chair When you buy clothes , you will find the cost on a label. a price b instruction c letter d word This man is a very wealthy man. a young c rich

b old d poor

He went to the doctor and wrote drugs to him to get better. a medicines b food c drinks d fruits They think about buying a new house. a consider b prevent c continue d help We feel pity for poor people. a happy c nice

b good d sorry

If you have good grades, you will join a university. a marks b timetables c lessons d families

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

211

‫ستيب الشامل‬

STEP 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

212

You have to put petrol in your car before moving. a seat b gas c wheel d cover The answers for these questions are precise ones. a almost b every c exact d never The Sultan of this country is a very fair man. a teacher b traveler c doctor d ruler After your lecture at university , you must study hard. a show b school c lesson d learning My alarm clock goes off at 5 o’clock every day. a rots b dislikes c shoots d rings Pepsi and hamburger are junk food. a healthy b unhealthy c rich d good We are living in a spacious house , as we have a room for everyone. a small b big c new d cheap They have limited money to buy a new farm. a small b more c rich d poor There is room for more books in this bag. a shelf b seat c space d hole The flight attendants were helpful and polite during the flight. a workers b hosts c guests d pilots The prophet Mohammed ( PBuH ) was generous and trustful. a sensitive b wise c kind d nervous

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Vocabulary Key answers 1

a

b

c

d

26

a

b

c

d

2

a

b

c

d

27

a

b

c

d

3

a

b

c

d

28

a

b

c

d

4

a

b

c

d

29

a

b

c

d

5

a

b

c

d

30

a

b

c

d

6

a

b

c

d

31

a

b

c

d

7

a

b

c

d

32

a

b

c

d

8

a

b

c

d

33

a

b

c

d

9

a

b

c

d

34

a

b

c

d

10

a

b

c

d

35

a

b

c

d

11

a

b

c

d

36

a

b

c

d

12

a

b

c

d

37

a

b

c

d

13

a

b

c

d

38

a

b

c

d

14

a

b

c

d

39

a

b

c

d

15

a

b

c

d

40

a

b

c

d

16

a

b

c

d

41

a

b

c

d

17

a

b

c

d

42

a

b

c

d

18

a

b

c

d

43

a

b

c

d

19

a

b

c

d

44

a

b

c

d

20

a

b

c

d

45

a

b

c

d

21

a

b

c

d

46

a

b

c

d

22

a

b

c

d

47

a

b

c

d

23

a

b

c

d

48

a

b

c

d

24

a

b

c

d

49

a

b

c

d

25

a

b

c

d

50

a

b

c

d

‫ال �أح� � ّل م ��ن يق ��وم بت�ص ��وير �أي ج ��زء م ��ن‬ ‫ علماً ب�أن حق ��وق الطبع محفوظة‬،‫الكت ��اب‬

213

‫ستيب الشامل‬

‫‪STEP‬‬

‫خاتمة‬ ‫�إن روع ��ة البيان و�سحر الكالم ليعج ��زان عن التعبير في هذا المجال لأنه‬ ‫تحدث فيه الكثير وطوقته الأقالم �أكثر من مرة وما �أنا �إال قطرة في بحر‪.‬‬ ‫ابني الطالب ‪ /‬ابنتي الطالبة‪:‬‬ ‫يق ��ال �أن النجاح ‪ ٪١‬موهبة و ‪ ٪٩٩‬جهد واجتهاد؛ وهذا يعني �أن و�صولكم‬ ‫للنج ��اح يتطلب منك ��م االلتزام بالعمل الج ��اد والمثابرة‪ ،‬وب ��ذل ق�صارى‬ ‫جهدكم من �أجل تحقيق �أهدافكم وغاياتكم‪� ،‬إ�ضافة �إلى �ضرورة امتالككم‬ ‫لمهارات التعلم الذاتي‪.‬‬ ‫ينبغي �أن تدركوا �أهمي ��ة تحملكم الم�س�ؤولية؛ ف�أنتم م�س�ؤولون �أو ًال و�أخير ًا‬ ‫ع ��ن تعلمكم‪ ،‬ولكي تحققوا ما ت�صبون �إليه من تعلم ناجح وتحقيق للذات‪،‬‬ ‫فال بد من التخطيط الجيد والفعال و�إدارة الوقت‪.‬‬ ‫و�أخي ��ر ًا �أنا ال �أدع ��ي الع�صمة لكن النية المخل�صة كان ��ت دليلي والطموح‬ ‫زادي �أ�سال اهلل �أن ينفع بهذا الجهد فهو ولي التوفيق والقادر عليه‪.‬‬

‫د‪� .‬أمل بنت عائ�ض القحطاني‬

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