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COOP-3101 Humanity and Social Science

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HUMANITY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE The State and its Elements

Elements of the State Physical Bases of the State

Political Bases of the State

Population

Government

Territory

Sovereignty

Population • Essential for the State • Greek thinker- too big nor too small • Plato’s Ideal Number 5040 • Aristotle- neither too large nor too small • Rousseau – 1000o to be an ideal number

• Modern States- Vary in population

Territory • No state without a fixed territory. • To live and organize socially and politically

• Included land, water and air-space • Modern state differ their sizes • No definite size with regard to extent of area of the state • Extent are small and big states • Complete freedom from external control

Government • Third element of the state • No state without government

• Working agency of the state • Political organization of the state • As the agency (will of state-formulate, expressed and realized) • To make and enforce Law – state must have supreme authority

(government)

Sovereignty • The fourth essential element of the state • Means supreme and final legal authority • Above and beyond no legal power exists

• Was developed with the rise of the modern state • Derived from Latin word super anus • Jean Badin-the father of modern theory of sovereignty

Sovereignty • Two aspects

Internal sovereignty • External sovereignty •

• Internal Sovereignty:

State is supreme overall its citizens and association

• External Sovereignty:

State is independent and free from foreign and outside control

Outermost and Innermost of the State Society

Politics

State

Government

Democracy • Democracy

is “Government by the people in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system”.

• Abraham Lincohn

“of the people, by the people and for

the people”. • Rules by the people.

Two categories of Democracy •

Direct Democracy

- all citizens, without the intermediary of elected or appointed officials - can participate in making decisions. •

Indirect Democracy



- The right to take part in the government of country



- The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government

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