TARUN

INSIGHT A Multi-skill English Course

Main Course Book 3 Sr. Shalini St. Sebastian’s School Kannur, Kerala Series Editor Nidhi M.Vohra ELT Consultant

TARUN PUBLICATIONS (An ISO 9001: 2008 Company)

Preface

The series aims at inculcating English as a primary language for students so that it is accessible to them from their formative years. The series uses Bloom’s taxonomy at its base to deliver a holistic knowledge of English Language. It focuses on thinking, analyzing, evaluating concepts, and principles rather than just memory and recalling facts. The chapters contain diversified exercises to fulfil this aim. They focus on all the four learning skills required for a language Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening. Reflect: makes the child pensive about his outlook. It starts the process of getting knowledge in the cognitive domain by making them relate to what they are going to read about. It focuses on speaking skills as well by encouraging class discussions. Let’s Read: contains short stories, adapted tales, folktales, plays, picture stories, historical tales, biographies, poems, and plays to familiarize students with all genres of literature. About Section: adds to what the students have read in order to enhance their knowledge and makes them curious while inculcating the habit of reading beyond the required text. Word Power: helps build vocabulary and explore new words. A Little Extra: encourages reading beyond the prescribed text. Story Comprehension: comprises chapter based questions made according to the Bloom’s taxonomy in order to test the students’ cognitive abilities. Brain Work: these are HOTS (Higher order thinking skills) questions which make the students think beyond what they have read and shaped real life principles. Words that Matter: these are more vocabulary building exercises aimed at better understanding of the language. Grammar Ladder: establishes a sound base for language enhancement, so that the students can learn the rules for grammar easily. Writer’s Corner: gives the students the opportunity to write all sorts of essays, letters, stories, poems, and descriptions. Listening Time: makes the students attentive and alert, catering to their concentration ability. Activity Corner: contains fun activities that make the students think out of the box! Model Test Papers: evaluates the comprehensive learning of students and ensures the revision of everything they have learnt. We believe that this easily accessible knowledge model will be able to establish a good learning atmosphere for the children and help them better their English Language skills.

Detailed Contents S.No

1.

The Tiger and the Persimmon

2.

The Greedy Fool

3.

Dear Summer

4.

The Sandy Road

5.

Independence Day

6.

How Fire Dragons Became Extinct?

7.

Rama and The Queen

8.

Who Ate the Dolly’s Dinner?

9.

Our Vacation

10.

The Rosy Princess and the Yellow Elf

11.

Cricket

12.

The Story of Socrates



• • • • • • •

Comprehension

MCQs Reference to Context True/False Q&A MCQs Reference to Context Q&A

Vocabulary • Word Search • Prefixes • Some/Any • Match the Columns • Rearrange the Letters

• MCQs • Poem-Tick the Correct Statement • Q & A • MCQs • Reference to Context • Q & A • MCQs • Reference to Context • Q & A • MCQs • Fill in the blanks • Reference to Context • Q & A • MCQs • Reference to Context • Correct Order • Q & A • MCQs • True and False • Q & A • MCQs • Reference to Context • Q & A • MCQs • Reference to Context • Fill in the blanks • Q & A • MCQs • Complete the Poem • Q & A

• Word-Sentences

• • • •

• Antonyms

MCQs Reference to Context Correct Order Q&A

• Suffixes • Match the Columns • Similes Phrases • Definition Words

• Antonyms

• Rearrange Letters • Compound Words • Vocabulary Words • Sentence Writing • Dictionary Skills • Similies • Complete Words • Match the Columns

Grammar

Writing

Values/Skills

• Sentences and its kinds

• Short Paragraph–Deforestation • Fellowship and bonding; enjoy, literary fiction

• Noun- Possessive Nouns • Plurals and Their Exceptions

• Report Writing

• Over greed kills

• Noun-Gender • Poem Writing–Dear Winter • Countable and Uncountable Nouns

• Appreciating the beauty of nature

• Pronouns • Possessive pronouns

• Diary Entry

• Exploring desert

• Simple Present Tense

• Picture Description

• Never lose hope, keep trying

• Simple Past Tense

• Word Search

• Bravery, presence of mind

• Simple Future Tense

• Sentences Writing

• Foolishness never pays

• Articles • Conjunctions

• Complete the Exercise

• Love and care for objects

• Prepositions

• Picture Description

• Appreciating nature

• Adjectives • Degrees of Adjectives

• Colour Description

• Helping and carrying in fantasy world

• Adverbs-Place, Time, Direction

• Writing Poem

• Love for sports

• Punctuation Marks • Contractions • Rewrite Sentences

• Writing Letter (Freindships)

• Test the friendship

Contents 1. The Tiger and the Persimmon

7

2. The Greedy Fool

15

3. Dear Summer

28

4. The Sandy Road

34

5. Independence Day

44

6. How Fire Dragons Became Extinct?

50

7. Rama and the Queen

58

8. Who Ate the Dolly’s Dinner?

70

9. Our Vacation

78

10. The Rosy Princess and the Yellow Elf

85

11. Cricket

94

12. The Story of Socrates

Listening Time

101 109

Model Test Paper–I

111

Model Test Paper–II

113

Model Test Paper–III

115

Supplementary Reader

118-136

1

The Tiger and the Persimmon

Reflect Look at the pictures of these animals. Write H for those that feed on plants and C for those that feed on other smaller animals.

Let’s Read There was once a small and sleepy village situated at the foot of a mighty mountain. On the mountain lived a ferocious tiger. The people in the village were very frightened of the tiger. The hunting of animals and the cutting of trees by the villagers had hardly left any kill for the tiger in the forest. One winter night, the tiger was very hungry. He climbed down the mountain and entered the village in search of food.

7

As he came near the window of a house, he heard a baby crying. The tiger decided to enter the house and eat the baby. Just then, he heard the mother’s voice, “Keep quiet, my child. The bear is sitting outside the window.” But the baby kept crying. The tiger stopped in his tracks and thought, “What a strange baby! He does not fear a bear.” The tiger’s hungry stomach had started rumbling. He could not wait any longer and decided to enter the house at once. The baby was still crying very loudly. “Oh, look look…,” came the mother’s voice. “Here comes a tiger! He’s there, just near the window….” The tiger was shocked. “How does this woman know that I am here?” The tiger muttered to himself. Taking a deep breath, the tiger peeped into the room. The baby was still crying. The tiger was even move surprised. He wondered, “This baby is not even afraid of me, the Great Tiger of the Mountains.” 8

The tiger became worried. At that very moment, the mother said, “Now, keep quiet. Here is a persimmon for you.” The baby stopped crying at once. The tiger began to wonder, “Who is a Persimmon? He surely must be more powerful and ferocious than me.” Just then something heavy fell on his back. The tiger did not know that it was a thief who had come to steal a buffalo. He had jumped from the roof, mistaking the tiger for a buffalo in the dark. On seeing the tiger, the thief’s face turned pale. He realised that the animal he was sitting on was a tiger and not a buffalo. The tiger thought that he had been attacked by the Persimmon. He ran here and there to throw the Persimmon off his back but the thief held on tightly to the tiger’s back but because he knew that if he fell off, the tiger would tear him into pieces. Shortly, the thief saw a low branch of a tree within his reach. He seized it and climbed up the tree. The tiger thought to himself, “The Persimmon is a terrible creature. I will never come to hunt in this village again.” He ran back to his home in the mountains. 9

—Adapted from a Korean Folktale

AP Word Power W

ferocious - fierce, cruel kill (noun) - (here) smaller animal to kill and eat rumbling - low noise due to hunger muttered - spoke in a very low voice persimmon - a sour fruit A Little Extra seized - caught hold of • To read more folk tales from around the world, log on to: http://www.worldoftales.com/ folktales.html

Story Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1.

Once a ferocious _________ lived in the mountains. a. lion b. bear c. tiger

2.

It was eyeing a _________ for its meal. a. goat b. baby c. hen



The mother was trying to _________________________. a. calm the baby down b. feed the baby c. play with the baby

3.

4.

The thief was trying to steal a ____________. a. buffalo b. tiger c. deer

B. Answer with reference to context. 1. He’s there, just near the window. a. Who said these words to whom? ________________________________________________________ 10



2. 3.

b. Why did she say so? ________________________________________________________ “What a strange baby!” a. Who said these words and to whom? ________________________________________________________ b. Why was the baby strange? ________________________________________________________ I will never come to hunt in this village again. a. Who said these words? ________________________________________________________ b. Why did he say these words? ________________________________________________________



C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

State whether the following statements are true or false. The baby was scared of the Persimmon. The thief wanted to ride the tiger. The tiger came to the village to play. The bear was sitting outside the window. The Persimmon did not attack the tiger.



D. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Answer the following questions. Why did the tiger climb down the mountain and enter the village? __________________________________________________________ Why was the tiger shocked? __________________________________________________________ What made the baby stop crying? __________________________________________________________ Who fell on the tiger and why? __________________________________________________________ Why did the tiger run here and there? __________________________________________________________ 11

_______ _______ _______ _______ _______

Brain Work • Grass eating animals fear carnivorous animals. What do you think the carnivorous animals fear? An

in

Th

Words that Matter

E. Just like the tiger and the bear, there are many other wild animals in the forest. Look up the word search for the names of ten wild animals that hunt smaller animals for their food. M O N G O O S E N E S S

F. 1. 2. 3.

O T E S R A P T O M H C

M O J A N G E H R T W X

J A A I G P U Y A C R A L A F U v C S B O L M A

C G E R B C K L K A F O

K A L P E G C M N E B L H D F C O O S F X T C R N L E F I T C O A B N M

L E E P Z D R F O T R O E N H J E K H L B A Y O A C O A T V E K D L E R A E N L N J A B P U A M D E K E S M T A R T N A F B H V O P A R D R C B A M P W A S T O Z E T C R P E O X A V A G U G P

Use a prefix to find the opposites of the given words. heard _____________ 4. sure _____________ comfort _____________ 5. continue _____________ perfect _____________ 6. possible _____________

Clues: im un dis

a

e i ou

Grammar Ladder

Sentences–Kinds There are four types of sentences: 1. Declarative: These sentences declare or state something and end in a full stop. 12

For example:

She is hard working. I am wearing a blue shirt. My mother is cooking dinner.

2. Imperative: These sentences express a command, make a request or a suggestion. For example: Go to sleep. (command) May I go to sleep? (request) You should sleep now. (suggestion) 3. Interrogative: These sentences ask questions and end in a question mark. For example: Are you fine? Where are you going? How old is your brother? 4. Exclamatory: These sentences express a strong and sudden emotion or feelings of joy, sorrow, regret, etc. These sentences end in an exclamation mark. For example: What a pleasant surprise! It is a delightful evening! Alas! I lost the game.

G. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Identify the kind of sentence and write in the space provided. This winter is beautiful. _______________ Are Pooja and Azim planning to go to America? _______________ Priyanka and Preeti, stop giggling. _______________ Vikas went for shopping. _______________ Wow! Aarti is going to attend a new school. _______________ Will the next season be better? _______________

H. Use the given words to form the kind of sentence as indicated in the brackets. An example has been done for you. For example: Rina, market (interrogative) Is Rina going to the market? 13



1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Ronny, Johny, sick (declarative) __________________________________________________________ thief, steal, money, ATM (interrogative) __________________________________________________________ child, crying, milk (imperative) __________________________________________________ Teena, restaurant, birthday (exclamatory) __________________________________________________ Maurya, dinner, friends (imperative) _______________________________________________ favourite, ice cream (interrogative) __________________________________________________________

7. Anu, Pranab, chips (declarative) __________________________________________________________ 8. dog, howling, street (exclamatory) __________________________________________________________

Writer’s Corner I. Excessive cutting of trees is called deforestation. Write a short paragraph to explain what is deforestation and its ill effects.

Listening Time J. Listen to your teacher carefully. Frame new sentences using them. Avoid repetition from the chapter.

Activity Corner K. Find an interesting folk tale from a foreign country and role play the same in the class. 14

2

The Greedy Fool

Reflect Look at the expessions of the two children in the picture given. Try to distinguish between them using the adjectives greedy, drooling, unattractive, etc.

Let’s Read Once upon a time, there lived four friends in a village - Rama, Krishna, Subbu, and Mohan. All of them belonged to poor families but they were very generous. One day, a sage visited their village. Despite their poverty, they fed him and made a comfortable bed for him. The sage was very pleased with their services and told them to ask for any reward they desired. The four friends were delighted and asked the sage a way to become rich.

15

My children, if you desire to become rich, go to the city of Mahapuram, where one is allowed to take as much money as one wants. But remember, you must take only as much as you need. Greed will cause you misery.

Excited, the four friends left for the Mahapuram city the very next day. After walking for a month, they reached at the outskirts of the Mahapuram city. At the entrance, they found a sign that read ‘Copper Coin Town’.

The friends stopped for a while near the road sign and discussed what they wanted to do. But only Rama remembered the words of the sage. I will take the copper coins and return home. I will start a small business using these coins and earn enough for livelihood.

Copper Coin Town

16

Krishna, Subbu and Mohan mocked Rama. Don’t be a fool Rama!

It is just the Copper Coin Town. The next will surely be the Silver Coin Town.

Rama, let us reach the Silver Coin Town and then decide.

But Rama was satisfied with the copper coins and went back home happily. Krishna, Subbu, and Mohan continued walking for several days in search of the Silver Coin Town. One day, they finally came across a road sign that read ‘Silver Coin Town’.

Silver Coin Town

17

I am satisfied with the silver coins and will return.

Krishna, surely the next town will be the Gold Coin Town.

If you come with us, you will become very rich and need not work again.

Krishna did not agree and took as much silver coins he could gather and left for the village. The other two friends laughed at him and continued on their journey. On his way back, a band of robbers attacked Krishna and took a part of his silver. By the time he returned to his village, he was only as rich as Rama, who was really happy.

After a month of walking day and night, Subbu and Mohan finally reached the Gold Coin Town.

18

Gold Coin Town

With a bag full of gold, I will become the richest man in the village.

You may go Subbu, but I will look for the Platinum Diamond Town. There must be one ahead.

Don’t be naive, Mohan! With no food and water left, you won’t last long in the forest.

But Mohan did not listen and went ahead in search of the Platinum Diamond Town. On the long journey back, Subbu was looted and beaten up by the robbers. He spent the rest of his money on medication and food. Finally, when he reached the village, he was in tatters.

19

After another week of walking through the dense forest, Mohan reached a sign that read ‘Platinum Diamond Town’. But instead of a pile of diamonds and platinum coins, he saw one lonely man sitting with a spinning wheel upon his head. Platinum Diamond Town

It looks like another fool like me has finally arrived.

The wheel suddenly moved to Mohan’s head and the man laughed at him. I also came in search of diamonds. Like you, I was not happy with what I was getting. Now, because you have come, the wheel of wisdom has finally freed me. Pray that somebody like you comes here soon, so you can be free.

Platinum Diamond Town

Saying this, the man walked away smilling. And Mohan kept waiting for another greedy fool like him to arrive. 20

AP Word Power W

A Little Extra

greedy - One who want of excessive money

sage

- holy man



misery

- unhappy

outskirts - the outer parts of city or town

• TRead different quotes on greed on http://business. time.com/2010/09/23/greedis-good-and-the-80-greatestquotes-about-money-from80s-movies/ • To read some interesting brain teasers, log on to http://www. kidsworldfun.com/brainteasers.php



mocked

- made fun of



naive

- a person who lacks wisdom



medication - medicines for healthcare



tatters

- without any money/torn clothes (here)

Story Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1.

The four friends lived _____________. a. at Mahapuram b. in a village c. in a town



The sage told them of a way ______________. a. to become poor b. to become rich c. to become friends

2.

3.

The four friends first reached____________. a. the Diamond Platinum Town b. the Silver Coin Town c. the Copper Coin Town 21

4.

The wheel of wisdom on the man’s head__________. a. now rested on Mohan’s head b. followed them c. showed them the way

B. Answer with reference to context.

1.

The sage was very pleased with their services. a. Who pleased the sage? Name them. ________________________________________________________ b. Why was the sage pleased with them? ________________________________________________________



2.

“Don’t be naive, Mohan!” a. Who said this? ________________________________________________________ b. Why did he say so? ________________________________________________________



3.

“I was not happy with what I was getting.” a. Who said this to whom? ________________________________________________________ b. What had happened to him? ________________________________________________________

C. Look at the pictures in the story and answer the questions accordingly. 1. Where were the copper coins lying in the picture? 2. What did the friends see when they reached the Silver Coin Town? 3. What did Subbu and Mohan imagine when they reached the Gold Coin Town? 4. Describe Mohan’s expression when the wheel of wisdom shifted to his head. 22

D. Answer the following. 1. According to the sage, what causes misery?

__________________________________________________________

2. Who returned back first and why?

__________________________________________________________

3. What happened to Krishna on his way back?

__________________________________________________________

4. How did the man escape from the Platinum Diamond Town?

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Of the four friends whom would you call the wisest of all? Why? An

Th

in

Words that Matter

Some/Any • We use some to talk about more than one person or thing. For example: I have some pencils. • We use any in negatives and questions. For example: I don’t have any pencils. Do you have any pencils?

E. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Match the columns to make appropriate sentences. There are a. any books? Please give me b. some pencils. My mother doesn’t have c. any new story books. I need d. some books. She doesn’t have e. any servant at home. Do you have f. some sweets in the basket. 23

F. Rearrange the letters of the given words to form three new words from it. An example has been given. For example:

diamond : dam aim mind

1. sufficient ____________

____________

____________

2. entrance ____________

____________

____________

3. journey

____________

____________

____________

4. suffered ____________

____________

____________

5. clothes

____________

____________

e

____________

a

i ou

Grammar Ladder

Possessive nouns tell us about a thing that belongs to someone. We use an apostrophe (’) and (-s) to show possession. G. Read the expressions below. Write them using (’) and (-s).

For example:

the food of the dog ___________________________ the dog’s food

1. the dish of the cat



____________________________________

2. the coat of the boy



____________________________________

3. the tool of the man

____________________________________

4. the home of the girl

____________________________________

5. the room of the teacher

____________________________________

6. the hat of the woman

____________________________________

7. the cage of the bird

____________________________________



Plurals and their exceptions



As you have learned in the previous classes, either -s or -es is added to singular nouns to convert them to their plural forms. For example: house – houses branch – branches 24



For words ending with -y, we replace with -ies to convert them to their plural forms. For example: family – families berry – berries For words ending with -fe or -f we replace with -ves to convert them to their plural forms. For example: wife – wives elf – elves However, there are exceptions to the listed rules as shown in the table below. Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

child

children

tooth

teeth

roof

roofs

sheep

sheep

syllabus

syllabi

foot

feet

cactus

cacti

ox

oxen

mouse

mice

quiz

quizzes

person

people

deer

deer

man

men

woman

women

H. Fill in the blanks with the correct option. 1. Atif loves to eat ___________ . (berry/berries) 2. The ___________ (bear/bears) are roaming in their cage. 3. How many ___________ (tooth/teeth) do you have? 4. Nita’s ___________ (child/children) is very naughty. 5. The ___________ (cactus/cacti) survive well in the desert. 6. I love going to ___________. (party/parties) 25

I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Find and write the plurals of the words below. half - __________ potato - __________ city - __________ bush - __________ zoo - __________ box - __________ knife - __________ witch - __________ memory - __________ zero - __________

Writer’s Corner J. Suppose you went to Mahapuram to meet Mohan. Prepare a report on what you saw by asking the given questions. 1. Who had given the wheel to Mohan? 2. Why had he been given the wheel? 3. What was Mohan’s reaction when he saw the man with the wheel for the first time? 4. Where did the man give the wheel to Mohan? 5. What happened to Mohan after he got the wheel?

Sign the report with your name. Remember to write the date and the place from where you are reporting.

Listening Time K. Listen to the situation as your teacher reads it out and say how the story would have ended differently in each case. 26

Activity Corner L. Here is a simple pinwheel for you to make and play with. Follow the steps carefully.

Pinwheel

1. Take a square of paper.

2. Fold your square, corner to corner, then unfold.

3. Make a pencil mark about 1/3 of the way from centre.

4. Cut along fold lines. Stop at your pencil mark.

6. Turn your pinwheel over - make sure the pin pokes through in the exact centre.

7. Roll the pin around in little circles to enlarge the hole a little. This guarantees your pinwheel will spin freely.

5. Bring every other point into the centre and stick a pin through all four points.

8. Stick the pin into a thin dowel.

Hint: Separate your pinwheel from the dowel with two or three beads. Stick the pin through the beads first then - into the dowel.

27

3

Dear Summer

Reflect Summer is a time for funfilled activities. How would you like to spend your summer holidays?

Let’s Recite Dear Summer, you’re always my favourite. I really do like you a lot. You come every year, and I’m glad when you’re here. I don’t even mind that you’re hot. Dear Summer, whenever you visit, I love to go outside to play. I get to wear shorts and play summertime sports, or sometimes do nothing all day. I put on my goggles and swim suit, and head for the beach or the park. I go for a hike or I ride on my bike, and stay awake long after dark. 28

Dear Summer, I’m glad you could join us. Without you, it won’t be the same. I promise I know that you do have to go, but, still, it seems sort of a shame. I’m sure that I’m going to miss you. The school year is finally here. I had so much fun playing out in the sun. I guess that I’ll see you next year. —Kenn Nesbitt A Little Extra

AP Word Power W

• To know about fun activities in the summer, log on to http:// www.parenting.com/article/ fun-things-to-do-summer

goggles - sunglasses head - go towards hike - climbing low hills for sport

Poetry Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1.

The poet likes _______________ season the most. a. spring b. rainy season c. summer 29

2. In summer, the poet loves to_________. a. go outside and play b. stay indoors and sleep c. remain in school

3.

4.

The poet heads for the beach______________. a. wearing a school uniform b. wearing swimsuit and goggles c. birthday dress and scarf The poet _________. a. is happy that summer is gone b. is going to miss summer c. wants winter to come

B. Read the given lines from the poem and tick the statement that tells you the meaning of each.

1. 2. 3.

I don’t even mind that you are hot. a. The poet has no problem tolerating the heat of the sun. b. The poet does not keep in his mind that summer is hot. ...and stay awake long after dark. a. The poet goes to bed early. b. The poet is awake for long even after the sun has set. ...it seems sort of a shame. a. The poet is ashamed that he wants summer to stay forever. b. It is a shame that summer has to come to an end.

C. Answer the following questions. 1. Name any three things the poet enjoys doing during summer.

__________________________________________________________

2. Write the line from the poem that tells us that the poet can sometimes be lazy during summer.

__________________________________________________________ 30

3. Which of the activities mentioned by the poet cannot be done in winters?

__________________________________________________________

4. Is the poet going to miss summer? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________

5. Name a few things that you only do during summers.

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Each one of us likes a particular season. Each season has its own beauty. Think and discuss the reasons that make a particular season special. An

in

Th

Words that Matter

D. Unscramble these seasons and write a sentence on each. 1. NOMOOSN _______________________________________________ 2. GISRPN

_______________________________________________

3. REMSUM

_______________________________________________

4. ITWNRE

_______________________________________________

e

a

i ou

Grammar Ladder

Nouns – Gender 1. If a noun refers to a boy, a man, or a male animal, it is said to be masculine gender. For example:

lion, man, etc.

2. If a noun refers to a girl, a woman or a female animal, it is said to be feminine gender. For example:

lioness, woman, etc. 31

3. If a noun refers to either a male or a female, we say that it is common gender. For example:

doctor, dancer, etc.

4. If a noun refers to something that is neither male nor female, we say that it is neuter gender. For example:

chair, pen, etc.

E. Divide the following nouns in the correct group according to their gender. king boy grandfather Masculine

• •

tree toy sun

heroine ox flower Feminine

teacher queen engineer

nurse grandmother doctor

Common

Neuter

Countable and Uncountable Nouns Countable nouns are the nouns that can be counted. For example: pen, girl, car, etc. Uncountable nouns are the nouns that cannot be counted. For example: water, silk, sugar, etc.

F. Underline the nouns and identify whether these are countable or uncountable and write in the space provided. 1. I like tea. _____________ 2. He needs glue to paste the pictures. _____________ 3. The child is playing in the park. _____________ 4. What is the time by your watch? _____________ 32



5. 6. 7. 8.

My mother uses butter to cook rice. He bought three bottles of water. Shakespeare’s books are wonderful. He is a tall man.

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

G. We can make plurals of countable nouns by adding -s, -es and -ies. Make plurals of the nouns given below. 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. 11. 13.

dish peach chair door stove brush pastry

2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12. 14.

goat book box bus baby light lamp

Writer’s Corner H. Write a six line poem on your favourite season by changing the activities mentioned in the above poem. You could start like this: ‘Dear Winter; I like you a lot….’

Listening Time I. Listen to the sentences as your teacher reads them out and tell the season they indicate.

Activity Corner J. Make a chart on the four seasons and write down the festivals that fall in each season. Write a sentence on each festival.

33

4

The Sandy Road

Reflect Look at the pictures given below. The captains of the teams are giving instructions to their team members. It is the job of the captain to keep their team members in high spirits and also to motivate them to perform better.

Do you have leadership qualities like determination, optimism and a sense of teamwork? Ask your friends about the same.

Let’s Read Once upon a time, there lived a merchant in a small village. He wanted to sell his goods in a far away town across the desert to try his fortune. One day, he decided to take up this journey along with a few helpers. He started off at the head of a huge caravan of camel carts loaded with food, water, and firewood. 34

The merchant requested a local villager to guide them through the desert. As the desert became severely hot during the day, the villager suggested that they should travel during the night when the moon cooled down the sands. With the arrival of night, they started on their journey. The villager sat in the first cart and guided the merchant and his friends by following the position of the stars. In this way, they were able to travel for the whole night and camped during the day. Many nights passed by, this way. On the last morning of the voyage, the villager announced, “In one more night, we will be at the other side of the desert and will be arriving at the town.” Everyone was happy to hear this as they were tired of their long journey across the desert. After the evening meal, the merchant came up with a suggestion, “Now we can throw away the extra water and firewood because tomorrow morning we shall reach the town. Let us not carry the unnecessary weight.” At night fall, they started their journey as usual and the guide took his position in the first cart ahead of the caravan. But alas! the guide was very tired from keeping awake for so many nights and he soon fell asleep. There was no one to guide the drivers on the correct route. Near daybreak, the guide woke up with a startle and looked at the last star fading away in the light. He said to the drivers, “Stop! We are going in the wrong direction.” 35

To their dismay, they had no food or water left with them. “This is no time for me to grieve. I have to find water. The camels cannot start unless they get water to drink,” thought the merchant. The merchant then gathered a few helpers and left the caravan in the search of food and water. He suddenly spotted a green patch of grass and thought, “There must be water somewhere below, otherwise the grass could not have survived.” He and his men started digging the patch and after much toil, struck a rock. The merchant bent down and pressed his ear to the rock. He called them, “I can hear water running under this rock. We must not give up.” Taking a shovel in his hand, he struck the rock with all his might. The merchant was filled with hope. Each time the shovel struck the hard rock, he felt that the next stroke would bring up water. He refused to give up and kept up his spirits. Seeing him, the others also worked hard.

36

Ultimately, the rock broke down and the hole below was brimming with water. They placed a flag near the water hole, so that other passing travellers would also find the water. After sunset, they started their journey again and reached the town in the morning. They sold the goods at a huge profit and happily returned to their village.

AP Word Power W

merchant - a person who buys and sells goods for a living goods - items of daily use and those for sale fortune - luck caravan - a group of vehicles travelling together on a long journey mishap - accident/unexpected incident startle - shock dismay - sad and shocked grieve - feel sad toil - hard work kept up his spirits - remained cheerful A Little Extra • To know about world’s biggest desert, log on to http://geography.about.com/od/ locateplacesworldwide/a/saharadesert.htm • To watch pictures of Sahara desert log on to: http://www.neok12.com/video/Deserts/ zX5e5b5250754a535c447b55.htm

37

Story Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1. 2. 3. 4.

The merchant decided to go to the far away town to____________. a. try his fortune b. meet his friends c. buy goods It is possible to travel across the desert only ____________. a. in the evening b. in the morning c. in the night For the journey, the merchant loaded the camel carts with __________. a. rice and dal b. food and firewood c. food, firewood and water Each time, the shovel struck the hard rock, ________________. a. the merchant was filled with hope b. the merchant was filled with despair c. the merchant was filled with anger

B. Answer with reference to context. 1.

With the arrival of night, they started on their journey… a. Who is referred to as “they”? ________________________________________________________ b. Why were they travelling at night? ________________________________________________________

2. To their dismay, they had no food and water left with them… a. Why did they have no food and water? ________________________________________________________ 38



b. What did the merchant decide to do about it? ________________________________________________________



3.

Ultimately, the rock broke down…. a. How did the rock break down? ________________________________________________________ b. Why did they break the rock? ________________________________________________________



C. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Complete the following sentences from the story. Before reaching the desert, the merchant arranged for _____________. A local villager was guiding them through the night by _____________. On the last morning , the villager was certain they would _____________. After finding water __________________________________.

D. Answer the following questions. 1. How did the merchant prepare for the journey?

__________________________________________________________

2. Why did the merchant suggest everyone to throw away the extra water and firewood?

__________________________________________________________

3. What startled the guide in the morning?

__________________________________________________________

4. Why was the merchant sure of finding water under the rock? __________________________________________________________ 5. What is the moral of the story? __________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Find out how the position of stars guide travellers at night with the help of your teacher. 39

An

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Words that Matter

E. Suffixes Find out the words from the story formed by using the given suffixes. 1. -ly

______________

______________

______________

2. -ing ______________

______________

______________

3. -ed ______________

______________

______________

F. Match the words given in column A with appropriate suffixes in column B and write the new word formed in column C. You may have to change the spellings in some cases. A B

C

1. child

a. ary

____________

2. play

b. less

____________

3. imagine

c. hood

____________

4. amaze

d. ish

____________

5. gift

e. ful

____________

6. dark

f. ing

____________

7. wise

g. ship

____________

8. red

h. ed

____________

9. fear

i. dom

____________

10. friend

j. ness

____________

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Grammar Ladder

Pronouns Words that are used in place of nouns are called pronouns. They help make the sentence simpler. 40

Read the paragraph given below. Veena has a pet dog. Veena takes Veena’s pet dog to school in the car. Veena takes Veena’s dog for a walk in the evening. Veena loves Veena’s dog. Now see the use of pronouns to make the sentences simpler. Veena has a pet dog. She takes it to school in the car. She takes it for a walk in the evening. She loves her dog. G. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Circle the pronoun that best completes each sentence given below. For example: ( We /Us) are going to the supermarket this weekend. (I/Us) think that you are one of the brightest students in the class. (We/Us) are going for the football game this weekend. I can tell that (him/you) really enjoyed the movie. (Those/It) is one of the best movies I have seen all year. (He/They) is a bright young man. I can tell (her/she) really tried hard to perform well. (They/Them) are going to the party after school today. Can you give the gift to (it/him) once you get to the party?

H. Replace each underlined word with the correct pronoun and rewrite in the space below. 1. Jane went to the store.

__________________________________________________________

2. The shirt smells bad.

__________________________________________________________

3. Fred and Tom are going home.

__________________________________________________________

4. When is Vedant coming over?

__________________________________________________________

5. Mr. Brown loves to sing!

__________________________________________________________ 41



Possessive pronouns Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone or something. For example: If the shoes belong to me, they are my shoes. They are mine.





If the car belongs to you, it is your car. It is yours.





If the books belong to her, they are her books. They are hers.





If the pencil belongs to him, it is his pencil. It is his.





If the food belongs to us, it is our food. It is ours.





If the house belongs to them, it is their house, It is theirs.



My, mine, your, yours, her, hers, his, our, ours, their, theirs, are all possessive pronouns.

__________________________________________________________ I. Add a suitable possessive pronoun in the following sentences. 1. The book belongs to Rishi. It is _________. 2. The pen belongs to my teacher. It is _________. 3. The writer left this diary here. It is _________. 4. Diya and Ali moved into this house. It is _________. 5. This dog belongs to the Sharma’s. It is _________. 6. These shoes belong to me. They are _________. 7. We are going to sell _________ car. 8. I went to see _________ grandmother yesterday. 9. You left _________ books at my house. 10. Rita and Arun celebrated _________ anniversary.

Writer’s Corner J. Imagine you are the merchant. Write a diary entry about your journey and how you saved your friends with your determination. 42

Listening Time K. A desert is a vast area of sandy land with no or very little water. Listen to your teacher as she gives you clues about some other places and name them.

Activity Corner L. Read about the various constellations and draw them in the space below.

43

5

Independence Day

Reflect Children eagerly look forward to festivals. Think about your favourite festivals and what make them special for you.

Let’s Recite Independence Day is a fun filled day. So to all people we would say, We as children dream, To make our nation supreme. Ours is a land of sages, Known for bravery since ages. None can with it compete, Its culture none can beat. Whatever caste or religion, All live here in unison. With rivers, sweet fountains, It’s a land of high mountains. Its green forests are pretty, And a source of prosperity. Let’s for it work hard, For its safety, let us forever be on guard. 44



About India

• India is officially known as the Republic of India. • India has the second largest population in the world, with over 1.2 billion people. • India is the seventh largest country by total area. • India belongs to the continent of Asia, it is bordered by the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Nepal and Pakistan. • Many different languages are spoken in India. The main ones are Hindi, Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil and Urdu. • The capital city is New Delhi, while the most populated city is Mumbai. Other major cities include Kolkata, Chennai and Bengaluru. • India became an independent nation on 15th of August, 1947 after ending British rule that began in 1858. • Mahatma Gandhi is known as the Father of the Nation. He played an important role in India’s independence struggle. • The national animal of India is the endangered Bengal Tiger. • Even though the national sport of India is Hockey, the most popular sport in India is cricket.

AP Word Power W

sages - saints unison - together prosperity - richness

Poetry Comprehension A. 1.

Tick the correct option in each case. What day is being discussed in the poem? a. Diwali b. Holi c. Independence Day 45

A Little Extra • Read more interesting facts about India on: http:// primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/ india/index.htm

2. 3.

Irrespective of thier caste and religion, how do the people of India live? a. As enemies b. As friends c. As strangers To which continent does India belong? a. Africa b. Asia c. Europe



Answer with reference to context. Ours is a land of sages, known for bravery since ages. a. Name the land that the poet is talking about. ________________________________________________________ b. Who are the sages? ________________________________________________________ Its green forests are pretty, And are a source of prosperity. a. What has been called pretty? ________________________________________________________ b. How are they a source of prosperity? ________________________________________________________

B. 1. 2.

C. Answer the following questions. 1. Name the poem. When is the said day celebrated?

__________________________________________________________

2. What did the children dream about?

__________________________________________________________

3. How does the poet describe the landscape of our country?

__________________________________________________________ 46

4. What message does the poet give in the end?

__________________________________________________________

5. Name the main languages spoken in India.

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Why do we celebrate Independence Day? An

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Words that Matter

D. Similes are phrases used to compare two things with some like qualities. Looking at the picture clues, complete the similes. For example:

as slow as a snail.

1. as old as the

_________

2. as quick as a

_________

3. as wise as an

_________

4. as cold as

_________

5. as busy as a

_________

E. Use these similies in sentences of your own. 1. __________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 47

4. __________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________ 6. __________________________________________________________ e

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Grammar Ladder

Simple Present Tense

The main use of the simple present tense is to express actions done as a matter of habit or actions done repeatedly. It is also used to state universal truths.



For examples: Monkeys eat bananas.

He goes for long walks. Candies are sweet. F. Rewrite the following sentences in simple present tense. 1. Manu practised sitar every day. 2. Rohit was an artist. 3. Malgudi Days was my father’s favourite book. 4. The bus came at 9 o’clock. 5. The kids were very friendly to the dog. 6. Tara wanted to go the fair. G. Use the correct form of verb in the brackets to state the actions in simple present tense. 1. The bear __________ eating honey.









(enjoy)

2. The earth __________ around the sun.







(revolve)

3. The sun __________ brightly in the afternoon.





(shine)

4. My dog __________ when I show him a ball.





(jump)

48

5. It __________ ten hours to reach Shimla by road.



(take)

6. I __________ going out in rain.









(love)

7. Cats __________ mice.









(catch)





Writer’s Corner H. Look at these pictures from the Pre-Independence Era. What do they tell you? Prepare a write up on the same (80-100 words).

Listening Time I. Listen to the sobriquets or nick names given to some popular Indian leaders and say their real names.

Activity Corner J. Paste the picture of five freedom fighters and write one line about each of them. 49

6

How Fire Dragons Became Extinct?

Reflect What kind of face do you make when you are angry? Draw a happy, a sad, and an angry expressions on the faces given below.

Let’s Read There are many legends dealing with the extinction of fire dragons, but only one of them involves Edgar, a brave boy who finished off the last of the dragons. Like many others, Edgar spent years studying the cruel and wicked behaviour of the dragons of his time. However, his own particular conclusions were unique and unusual. He proclaimed that dragons lived in a constant state of anger which created the fire that came from their mouths. So, when he decided to finish off the dragons off, he swapped the normal weapons for something rather unusual: a joke and a cart full of ice creams and fruits. When the first dragon came to eat him, Edgar shouted his joke at it. It was 50

such a good joke that even the dragon had to laugh. Just as the brave Edgar had expected, this blew the dragon’s fire out. While the dragon was laughing, he offered it an ice cream. After years of having had a fiery throat, the dragon now felt refreshed and pleasant! The ice cream extinguished the dragon’s fire completely. Taking advantage of this, Edgar offered it a piece of fruit and it tasted heavenly to the dragon. Dragons didn’t normally eat fruits or vegetables because the fire in their mouths burnt such food and left it without any taste. So, they preferred to eat animals

51

or humans, which, even when they got a bit singed by their fire, at least tasted of something. However, when the dragon tasted fresh fruit for the first time, it felt so happy and joyful that even its terrible appearance began to change. It had looked so bad because of its awful diet, but only after a few days of this new healthier life, the dragon disappeared one night. All that remained of it was a beautiful glow-worm shining in the night. This is how Edgar, using only a few good jokes and a cartful of ice creams and fruits, made the last of the dragons disappear and take up a new life in the form of shining glow-worms.

AP Word Power W extinction

- no longer existing

legends

- stories based on historical facts but not always true

wicked

- mischievous, evil

proclaimed - announced swapped

- exchanged

fiery

- burning, hot

extinguished - put an end to, destroyed singed

- lightly burnt

awful

- very bad; unpleasant 52

Story Comprehension A. 1.

Tick the correct option. Edgar spent years... a. riding the dragons. b. playing with the dragons. c. studying the behaviour of the dragons.

2.

While the dragon was laughing, Edgar... a. offered it an ice cream. b. killed it. c. laughed with it.

3.

The last of the dragons disappeared and... a. greasy grasshoppers. b. shining glow-worms. c. beautiful butterflies.

B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Edgar’s conclusions about dragons were ____________ and unusual. 2. He swapped the normal weapons with a joke and a ____________ full of ice creams and fruits. 3. When the dragon came to eat him, he ____________ his joke at it. 4. Edgar offered it a piece of fruit and it tasted ____________ to the dragon. 5. It had looked so bad because of its ____________ diet. C. Answer with reference to the context.

1.

There are many legends dealing with the extinction of fire dragons... a. Whose legend is mentioned in the story? ________________________________________________________ b. What did he do? ________________________________________________________ 53



2.

Dragons didn’t normally eat fruit or vegetables... a. Why didn’t dragons eat fruits and vegetables? ________________________________________________________ b. What did dragons prefer to eat? ________________________________________________________



3.

After years of having had a fiery throat... a. Who had a fiery throat? ________________________________________________________ b. What extinguished the fire completely? ________________________________________________________

D. Answer the following questions. 1. Describe the behaviour of dragons at the time of Edgar.

__________________________________________________________

2. What was proclaimed by Edgar?

__________________________________________________________

3. What blew out the dragon’s fire?

__________________________________________________________

4. What happened when the dragon ate fruit for first time?

__________________________________________________________

5. How did Edgar make the last of the dragons disappear?

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • After reading the story, do you think that Edgar did the right thing by putting off the fire of the dragons?

54

An

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Words that Matter

E. Match each word in the word box to a definition below. Use your dictionary to look up the words that you do not know. 1. enormous _____________________________________ 2. very funny _____________________________________ 3. a type of competition ____________________________ 4. a period of two weeks ___________________________ 5. broken to pieces ________________________________ 6. not enough ____________________________________ 7. to allow _______________________________________ 8. respectfully ____________________________________ e

Clues: contest hilarious fortnight insufficient huge crumble honoured permit

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Grammar Ladder

Simple Past Tense Simple past tense is used to represent actions that have already taken place in the past. For example: Vaishnavi rode a bicycle yesterday. Birds flew past the windmill. F. Choose the correct form of verbs in the brackets to state the actions in simple past tense. 1. The ship ____________ (sails/sailed) towards North. 2. Armaan ____________ (liked/likes) to go for a run. 3. I ____________ (shall/didn’t) sleep at night. 4. Nayika ____________ (studies/studied) past her bedtime. 5. Andrew ____________ (learnt/learns) Sanskrit in Kerela. 55



As we learnt in the previous class, we add -d or -ed to verbs in order to convert them to past tense, but these are exceptions to this rule. For example:

Present tense fly ride read become awake

Past tense flew rode read became awoke

G. Write the past tense form of the following verbs with the help of your teacher. 1. bear _________ 6. break _________ 11. sing _________ 2. freeze _________ 7. drink _________ 12. go _________ 3. catch _________ 8. cut _________ 13. take _________ 4. bind _________ 9. buy _________ 14. forgive _________ 5. find _________ 10. eat _________ 15. give _________

Writer’s Corner H. Find ten healthy food items in the puzzle below and write about the importance of eating healthy food.

C A J U I C E J I S

E G I E T U Z F R M

R O T U L R A R W I

E V L H B D N U D L

A K F I S H D I U K 56

L E G X A O C T B M

M K P U L S E S K U

F S C Y A P G B X

Y Z D R D Q G J L V A

A L M O N D S N H P

Listening Time I. Listen to the clues and narrate the related Aesop’s fables in class.

Activity Corner J. Make a dry flower book mark. 1. Collect a few flowers from a flowering bush. 2. Press the flowers inside a thick book like a dictionary. 3. After a few days, the flowers will be thin like paper and completely dry to touch. 4. Select a strip of coloured drawing paper. Decorate the edge with a design. 5. In the centre of the paper, paste the dried flowers. 6. Next day, when the design is dry, laminate your art work. 7. Write a quote on determination or on being a leader. 8. Gift the bookmark to your best friend or your teacher.

57

7

Rama and the Queen

Reflect Have you ever gone to buy something from the market all by yourself? Were you able to follow your mother’s instructions completely or did you get confused?

58

Let’s Read It is a story about an obedient but foolish servant. His name was Rama. One day when the queen was out for a walk in the garden, Rama ran to the queen and begged her to make him a royal servant. The queen asked him his whereabouts but Rama instead of answering kept on insisting that he would be very faithful. The queen took pity on him. She took him in as her chief servant in the royal household. She patiently explained his duties to him and took him to the royal palace. One day, the queen wanted oil and called Rama.

Rama did not know which shop sold oil. He went to the vegetable shop.

Rama, bring me some oil from the market.

Can you please give me some oil?

When the people heard him, they laughed at him. But one good man felt pity for him and took him to the oil shop. There is the shop from where you can get oil.

59

You should have carried a pot or a vessel to take back oil.

He went to the shopkeeper and asked for some oil. Give me your vessel so that I can fill it with oil.

But Rama did not understand why a pot or a vessel was required. I forgot to bring any. I can carry it in the pocket of my shirt. Pour it here.

The shop owner laughed and did as he was told. Ok, I will pour it in your pocket, Rama.

On the way to the palace, Rama felt proud The queen looked down at him and could about running errands for the queen. not see any vessel. What the queen saw instead was Rama’s clothes drenched in oil.

Your majesty, I have brought the oil.

60

The queen was shocked. But she was a kind person. So she did not dismiss him.

Rama nodded his head in agreement.

Next time onwards, take four servants with you to help you.

The next day, the queen wanted a needle to stitch a gown.

Rama, please bring a needle for me.

Following the queen’s order, Rama took four servants with him to carry back the needle from the market. I want a needle. Please give me one.

61

What the shopkeeper showed was too small and could not be carried back by four people. So Rama wanted a bigger needle. The shopkeeper told him to go to the next shop which sold books. They use large needles to stitch the pages of books. You can buy one of those for Her Majesty.

This shop had a bigger needle but it was still too small for four people to carry. The shop owner took him to the wholesale market where a huge needle was being used to stitch gunny bags so that the grains in the bags would not spill. I want a needle bigger than this.

But we don’t have any needle bigger than this.

62

But Rama wanted a still bigger needle. All of them said that it was not available. Now Rama was in a fix. He did not want to disappoint the queen and go back empty handed. So, he decided to carve a huge needle out of a tree.

Cut this tree.

Rama drilled a hole through one end Meanwhile, the queen saw Rama and the four of the trunk, giving it a sharp pointed servants returning with a huge log. She rushed edge and look of a needle. to find out what was going on. The servants could no longer carry its weight and dropped it with a bang right in front of queen. The queen Take this tree narrowly escaped being hurt by the heavy log. back to the queen’s palace.

63

The queen was furious. She dismissed Rama immediately from her palace and decided never to take a stranger in her service ever again.

AP Word Power W

patiently - slowly and carefully pity - feel sorry errands - small orders drenched - soaked wholesale - a place where goods are sold in large quantities empty handed - without anything drilled - made a round opening log - a thick branch of a tree in a fix - in a problem furious - very angry dismissed - ordered to leave A Little Extra • To get more kids stories, jokes, quizzes, log on to http://dimdima.com/khazana/stories/ showstory.asp?q_cat=Indian+Folk+Tales • For interesting Panchatantra stories, Akbar Birbal stories visit: http://mocomi.com/fun/ stories/panchatantra/

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Story Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1.

This story is about________. a. a clever queen b. a foolish servant c. an ancient king

2.

The shop owner wanted to pour oil ________. a. into a shirt b. on Rama’s head c. into a vessel

3.

Rama wanted a big needle because ________. a. it had to be carried by four people b. the queen had ordered such a needle c. the shop owner gave him a large needle

4.

The queen dismissed because_______ Rama. a. she was angry with him b. the needle was lost c. he refused to give her the needle

B. Answer with reference to context.

1.

“Rama, bring me some oil from the market.” a. Who said these words? ________________________________________________________ b. Was Rama able to take back the oil as required? Why? ________________________________________________________

2. Now Rama was in a fix... a. Why was Rama in a fix? ________________________________________________________ 65



b. What did he not want to do? ________________________________________________________

3. “They use large needles to stitch the pages of books. You can buy one of those for Her Majesty.” a. Who is ‘you’ in the sentence above? ________________________________________________________ b. Would the queen have been happy with a needle used to bind books? ________________________________________________________ C. Number the events correctly according to the story. 1. The queen told Rama to take four servants with him when he went to the market. 2. Rama was employed as the chief servant by the queen. 3. The shop owner laughed and poured the oil into Rama’s pocket. 4. The queen dismissed Rama. 5. Rama carved out a huge needle from a tree trunk. 6. He went to the market to buy oil without taking a vessel with him. 7. The shop owner took him to the wholesale market.

D. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer the following questions. Who was Rama? What work did he do? __________________________________________________________ What happened when he went to buy oil? __________________________________________________________ Why did the queen want a needle? __________________________________________________________ Why did Rama cut down a tree? __________________________________________________________ 66

5. Did Rama do the right thing by carving a needle out of a tree trunk? Why/why not? __________________________________________________________

Brain Work • The queen allowed a stranger into her palace without thinking for a while. How should you behave with strangers? Discuss on the basis of the instructions given to you by your parents. An

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Words that Matter

E. Some words have an opposite meaning to the given words and are known as antonyms.

Find the antonyms of the following words.

1. patient



________________

2. come



________________

3. laugh



________________

4. dismiss



________________

5. empty



________________

6. difficult



________________

7. furious



________________

F. Replace the highlighted words with their antonym and rewrite the sentences. 1. We must unite to fight the enemy. __________________________________________________________ 2. The water in the vessel began to boil. __________________________________________________________ 3. He sold the pen at a loss. __________________________________________________________ 67

4. We must be impolite to our helpers. __________________________________________________________ 5. The hero was given a medal by the police. __________________________________________________________ 6. The story has a tragic ending. ___________________________________________________ 7. He used a blunt knife to cut apples. ______________________________________________ 8. This sum is quite complex. __________________________________________________________ e

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Grammar Ladder



Simple Future Tense We use Simple Future Tense to talk about things that are yet to happen. For example: I shall go to the temple tomorrow. Rohan will be 12years old next year. Note: To change the verb to future tense, we add will/shall before its present tense form. Shall can only be used with I or We whereas will can be used with all pronouns. G. Complete the sentences by using the future tense of the verb given in the brackets. 1. We __________ for the movie in an hour. (leave) 2. I __________ a novel one day.

(write)

3. Kartik __________ part in the Olympics. 4. They __________ at home tomorrow. 5. My mother __________ pasta tonight.

68

(take) (be) (cook)

H. Convert the following sentences to Simple Future Tense. 1. I helped my mother in the kitchen.

__________________________________________________________

2. Rohan works very hard.

__________________________________________________________

3. It rains heavily in Delhi.

__________________________________________________________

4. We are planning a picnic.

__________________________________________________________

5. He finished his work on time.

__________________________________________________________

Writer’s Corner I. Imagine you are Rama. Write five sentences on what you did after being dismissed by the queen.

Listening Time J. Your teacher will quickly read out a shopping list to you. See how many things of the list you can recall and repeat.

Activity Corner K. Create a picture story from your favourite cartoon show.

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8

Who Ate the Dolly’s Dinner?

Reflect What is a doll house? Discuss the various things that you can find in a doll house.

Let’s Read “Why can’t my dolls have a real birthday party just as real folks do?” asked Polly Pine. “Sure they can,” said mamma, laughing. “Go and dress your dolls in their best clothes and get the doll house dusted and their dinning room ready. I’ll fix a party menu for them by then.” “Oh, how nice!” said Polly Pine.

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The doll house stood in the nursery. It was very big and very beautiful. It was painted red and had a fine front door with Barbie written on a brass plate. There were lace curtains at the windows and two steps led up to the sitting area. Polly Pine swept the rooms with her tiny broom and dusted them. Then she set the table in the dining room with the very best cutlery. She set a tiny vase in the middle of the table, with two violets in it. When the house was all nice and clean, she dressed Lavinia in her pink muslin, and Dora Jane in her gray velvet, and Hannah Welch in her yellow silk; then she seated them around the table, each one in her own chair. Polly then told them about good manners, how they must not eat with their knives, or leave their teaspoons in their cups when they drank their tea. Suddenly, the door opened and in came Mamma with a tray full of small dishes stacked with food. A chicken-bone was put on the platter before Hannah Welch. There were little dishes of mashed potato and cranberry sauce, and some celery in a tiny tumbler, and the smallest squash pie baked in a patty pan. Polly Pine just hopped up and down with delight. She set everything on the table; then she ran downstairs to put on her nicest muslin frock with the pink ribbons for her own dinner. Her uncle and aunt had been invited for dinner. Polly was very fond of them and she forgot all about the dolls’ dinner until it was dessert time and her Mamma brought in the apple pies. Then Polly remembered. She jumped down from her chair and asked Mamma if she might go upstairs and see if the dolls had eaten their dinner. When Mamma told everyone about the doll house birthday party, all the family wanted to go and see if the dolls had enjoyed their dinner. 71

When they reached the nursery, the front door of the doll house was open and there sat the dolls just as their little mistress had left them. Only they had eaten nearly all the dinner! Everything was gone except the cranberry sauce. The chicken leg was picked bare and the little pie had been nibbled. “Well, this is funny,” said Papa. Just then, they heard a funny scratching noise in the doll house and a little gray mouse jumped out from under the table. He ran out from the front door of the doll house and down the steps. Then, they saw another tiny mouse in the doll house under the sofa, and a third one under Lavinia’s bed. All the mice got away safe because Papa would not allow Mamma to go for the cat. He said, “Why can’t the poor little mice have a birthday party dinner as well as we?”

AP Word Power W



folks cutlery violet muslin cranberry fond

- people - knives, forks and spoons used for eating food - flower - loosely woven cotton cloth A Little Extra - a blue coloured berry • To make origami paper dolls. log on to: - having a strong liking for

Story Comprehension

https://in.pinterest.com/ roco0602/origami-paper-dolls/

A. Tick the correct option. 1.

What did Polly Pine want to organise for her dolls? a. A birthday party b. A dance party c. A class party

2.

What did Hannah Welch have on her platter? a. mashed potato b. chicken bone c. squash pie 72

3.

Who had come over for dinner to Polly’s house? a. Her grandparents b. Her uncle and aunt c. Her friends

B. State whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Polly Pine loved to play in her doll house.

________

2. The doll house was placed in the nursery.

________

3. Dora Jane was dressed in a gray velvet frock.

________

4. Polly Pine disliked her aunt and uncle.

________

5. There were four mice in the doll’s house.

________

C. Who is the speaker of the following lines? 1. “Oh, how nice!”

__________________________________________________________

2. “Well, this is funny,”

__________________________________________________________

3. “Why can’t my dolls have a real birthday party just as real folks do?”

__________________________________________________________

4. “I’ll fix a party menu for them by then.”

__________________________________________________________

5. “Why can’t the poor little mice have a birthday party as well as we?”

__________________________________________________________

D. Answer the following questions. 1. Why did Mamma laugh at Polly’s idea?

__________________________________________________________

2. How did Polly arrange the dinner table for her dolls?

__________________________________________________________ 73

3. Describe Polly’s doll house.

__________________________________________________________

4. How did Polly dress her dolls?

__________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________

5. Who ate the dolly’s dinner?

__________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________

6. What good manners did Polly teach to her dolls?

__________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Which toy do you like the most? Give three reasons why do you like it. An

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Words that Matter

E. Make new words from the given words by rearranging their letters. For example: father– fat, hat, hate, eat, heat, etc. 1. party

_____________

_____________

_____________

2. celebration _____________

_____________

_____________

3. thanks

_____________

_____________

_____________

4. thanksgiving _____________

_____________

_____________

5. beautiful

_____________

_____________

_____________

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F. Compound words are formed by joining any two words, for example, break+fast = breakfast. Now, find five compound words from the story. 1. _______________

2. _______________

4. _______________

5. _______________

e

3. _______________

a

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Grammar Ladder

Articles A is used before singular naming words (nouns) that begin with a consonant sound. For example: a grasshopper. An is used with singular nouns beginning with a vowel sound. For example: an elephant. The is used to talk about a particular person or thing. The is also used with plural words. For example: the book, the Indian Ocean, etc.

G. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Fill in the blanks with a, an or the. Grasshopper is _____ insect. Draw _____ line. Delhi is _____ capital of India. Elephant is _____ largest land animal in _____ world. Reena’s father is _____ artist. Ravi went for _____ walk in the morning.

H. Tick the correct option. 1. I am _____ student. a. an b. the c. a 2. My mother is _____ English teacher. a. a b. the c. an 3. There are _____ lot of good cartoon shows on television. a. the b. a c. an 75

4. 5. 6.

Taj Mahal is one of _____ Seven Wonders of the World. a. a b. the c. an I need _____ umbrella as it is raining outside. a. the b. an c. a _____ children are playing with the ball. a. an b. the c. a

Conjunctions

These are words that join two sentences together.



For example:

I saw a rat and a cat.

He was tall but fat. The words and and but are conjunctions. Other examples of conjunctions are and, but, or, so, because.

I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Circle the conjunctions used in the sentences below. Our house has three bedrooms and two bathrooms. I could not attend school because I was ill. He was not sure so he left the question. Would you like tea or coffee? My mother was at home but she did not want to meet anyone.

J. Write four sentences on your classroom using conjunctions.

__________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________

Writer’s Corner K. Think about five people in your life whom you would like to thank and about the things they have done for you. Now complete the following exercise. The first one has been completed as an example. I am thankful to: my dad For: making a beautiful house for me and my family to live in. 76

1. I am thankful to: _____________________________________________ For: ______________________________________________________ 2. I am thankful to: _____________________________________________ For: ______________________________________________________ 3. I am thankful to: _____________________________________________ For: ______________________________________________________ 4. I am thankful to: _____________________________________________ For: ______________________________________________________ 5. I am thankful to: _____________________________________________ For: ______________________________________________________

Listening Time L. Listen to the short poem on dolls and answer the questions that follow.

Activity Corner M. Take the mouse to the dinner table.

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9

Our Vacation

Reflect Vacation means happy times and rest. Where did you go on your last vacation?

Let’s Recite We went on vacation, my family and I. We got on an airplane and flew through the sky.

We got off the airplane and boarded a bus that went to where taxis were waiting for us. We hopped in a taxi and drove to the shore, then rode in a boat for an hour or more.

78

The boat dropped us off and we climbed on a train that went to the airport. We got on a plane.

The plane took us home. What a boring vacation! We didn’t see anything; just transportation.

AP Word Power W



vacation - holiday hopped - got into shore - sea side transportation - means of travelling

A Little Extra • To know how to make a fairy garden, log on to http://www. themomviews.com/egg-cartoncraft-a-fairy-garden/ • To read some real stories, log on to http://childstoryhour. com/story1.htm

Poetry Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1.

Who went on a vacation? a. The poet and his family b. The poet and his friends c. The poet and his pet dog

2.

They drove to the shore in a ________. a. bus b. taxi c. train 79

3.

The vacation was boring because ____________. a. it was at the shore b. the poet only saw the sea c. the poet only travelled

B. Answer the following with reference to context.

1.

….that went to where taxis were waiting for us. a. What does ‘that’ refer to? ________________________________________________________ b. Why were the taxis waiting for them? ________________________________________________________

2. …and we climbed on a train that went to the.... a. Where did the train take them? ________________________________________________________ b. Name any two means of transportation referred to in the poem. ________________________________________________________

3.

We didn’t see anything; just transportation. a. Who is ‘we’ in the extract? ________________________________________________________ b. Why does the poet say that they didn’t see anything? ________________________________________________________



C. 1. 2.

Answer the following questions. How did the family start off on their vacation? __________________________________________________________ Why did they board a bus? __________________________________________________________ 80



3. 4. 5.

How long did the boat ride last? __________________________________________________________ Did the poet enjoy his vacation? Why/Why not? __________________________________________________________ Describe your ideal vacation and what all you would want to do there. __________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Discuss some tips that you should follow in order to have a wonderful vacation. Hint: Camera, board games, sneakers, medicines, travel light. An

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Words that Matter

D. Complete the ladder by changing the last letter of each word and adding one more letter to form a new word. An example has been given.

For example: S S S

O K K

Y I

F

L

Y

1.

3. B U

T





2. D

O

I

T

4. S

81

E. Given below are a few means of transportation. Name them and use them in sentences of your own.

1.





_____________________________________________

2.





_____________________________________________

3.





_____________________________________________

4.





_____________________________________________

5.





_____________________________________________

6.





_____________________________________________

e

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Grammar Ladder

Prepositions As you have learnt in your previous class, prepositions are linking words which help us to determine the position, time, or direction of a thing, person, or event. Prepositions of Place These are used to show the position of an object, a person, or an event with respect to another object, person, or event. For example: The books are kept in the almirah. The river flows under the bridge. Tree roots are found below the surface of earth. 82

Prepositions of Time These are used to determine the time of an action or event. For example: Lata is going away for a week. I will return on 5th March. India is independent since 1947. Prepositions of Direction They are used to determine the movement of a thing or person. They are also used to show the transformation of a thing into another. For example: Tanvi is going towards the riverside. Ravi walked up the stairs. The caterpillar changed into a butterfly. F. Underline the prepositions in the given sentences and write down which category each one of them belongs to.

For example: I am going to the village.

_____________ Direction

1. The crowd jumped onto the bus.

_____________

2. Ishan will reach before time.

_____________

3. The bird is perching on the railing.

_____________

4. The plane flew through the clouds.

_____________

5. Rango loves to exercise in the garden.

_____________

6. I kept singing for two hours.

_____________

G. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition. 1. The Earth revolves ___________ the sun. 2. The lady stood ___________ the fireplace. 3. The man is walking ___________ the stream. 4. The duck swims ___________ the pond. 5. The calendar starts ___________ the month of January. 6. Diana placed the necklace ___________ her neck. 83

(near/around) (behind/by) (along/across) (at/in) (from/for) (around/on)

7. The saint fasted ___________ twelve days. 8. There’s a cat ___________ the bed.

(since/for) (across/behind)

Writer’s Corner I. Draw your car in the space below. Write a 100 word description on it. Talk about its speed, its colour, and all the other things that you like about it. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

Listening Time I. Listen about the mode of transport that your teacher reads it out and say whether it belongs to land transport, air transport, or water transport.

Activity Corner J. Make a collage of the places you would like to visit in your vacations. 84

10

The Rosy Princess and the Yellow Elf

Reflect What colours have you noticed in the early morning sky and the evening sky?

Let’s Read Once there lived an elf. He was yellow all over right up to his nose. He was so yellow that he came to be known by the name ‘the Yellow Elf’! He whizzed here, he whizzed there, he whizzed everywhere. When someone looked at him, he looked like a beam of sunlight. He would splash his colour on to the buttercups and made them bright and yellow. He would sit in the centre of dancing daisies, yellow roses and yellow marigolds – but when anyone stopped to admire the colour of the buttercups or daisies, he would hurriedly vanish. “Yellow! Yellow!” his mother called him one day. “Yellow, where are you?” His mother was soft and gentle yellow in colour– except for her shining blue eyes. “Where is that boy?” muttered his mother. “He should come home. He’s always whizzing around.” Finally, Yellow came home, shining as brightly as ever. “There you are,” said his mother. “I have a letter from the King of Red and his Queen of Light. Their daughter, the Rosy Princess, has vanished from the sky. 85

They have asked for your help to rescue her.” Yellow being a brave Elf wasted no time and immediately flew up into the sky. He went round the earth until the sunlight did not reach him. There he saw the Rosy Princess dying away in the darkness. “Rosy Princess! Rosy Princess!” cried Yellow, but to no avail – The night was getting darker and only the silvery sickle-shaped moon and stars were listening. The farther he flew to catch the Rosy princess, the darker it grew. Soon he was alone. The moon and stars were gone. All around him, the darkness deepened and grew. And the darker it grew, the smaller Yellow became until he was nothing but a spark of light. “I’d better not blink,” thought Yellow, “for if I close my eyes, even for an instant, I might also vanish altogether.” And he stretched out his tiny hands to feel his way forward. That’s when Yellow found the Rosy Princess. He couldn’t see her, but he felt her warmth in the darkness. He reached out and took her warm hands in his. She was very still and he knew, at once, that she was in a deep sleep. “Come, my Rosy Princess,” said Yellow. “Wake up.” Yellow led her towards the morning sky. He lifted her up and as they rose, the darkness disappeared and the tired moon went to bed in the far, far western sky. The Rosy Princess grew redder and the sunny elf grew ever brighter until they caught the sun’s rays and over the earth they soared. “She’s back! She’s back! Our Rosy Princess is back!” cried the King of Red and his Queen of Light, as they 86

saw the morning sky filled with a red glow. As a reward for bringing back the Rosy Princess, the King of Red and his Queen of Light married their daughter to Yellow, the Elf, under a rainbow arch. After that, every morning the Yellow elf and the Rosy Princess come down to visit the earth. You can still see them at dawn, when the sky in the East is filled with hues of yellow and red. A Little Extra • To read poems on fairies, log on to http:// www.poemhunter.com/poems/fairy/page/21952398/#content • Play Disney games on http://www.disney.co.uk/ disney-fairies/games/winter-woods-crossing

AP Word Power W



elf

- a small naughty fairy



whizzed

- rushed past very fast



buttercups

- wild yellow flowers



vanish

- disappear



rescue

- save from something bad or wrong



to no avail

- to no use

sickle-shaped - a sickle is a knife, shaped like a thin semi circle used for cutting grass

arch

- a semi-circle overhead



dawn

- beginning of a day



hues

- shades 87

Story Comprehension A. 1.

Tick the correct option. Yellow looked like____________. a. a rosy red ball b. a beam of sunshine c. a dark cloud

2. The Rosy Princess had____________. a. gone to bed b. gone into the sky c. vanished from the sky

3.

As the darkness grew, Yellow became_____________. a. a grain of sand b. a spark of light c. a bubble of light

4.

When Yellow found the Princess, he____________. a. wanted to take her home b. could not see her in the dark c. could not see her in the light

5.

Yellow and the Princess were married_________. a. under a rainbow arch b. beneath the clouds c. in the rain

B. 1.

Answer with reference to context. “He’s always whizzing around.” a. Who said these words? ________________________________________________________ b. What did he do while whizzing around? ________________________________________________________ 88



2.

He couldn’t see her but he felt her warmth in the darkness... a. Who couldn’t see her? ________________________________________________________ b. Why was he looking for her? ________________________________________________________



3.

You can still see them at dawn, when the sky in the East... a. Whom can you still see in the East sky? ________________________________________________________ b. Why are they seen in the sky at dawn? ________________________________________________________



C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fill in the blanks given below based. The colour of buttercups is __________. A silvery sickle shape is made by the __________. The colour of the sky at dawn is __________. As Yellow flew farther, the sky grew __________. The colour of Yellow’s mother’s eyes was __________.

D. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Answer the following questions. Mention two things on which Yellow splashed his colours. __________________________________________________________ Who was the daughter of the Queen of Light? __________________________________________________________ Why did Yellow not blink his eyes? __________________________________________________________ How did Yellow find the Rosy Princess? __________________________________________________________ What happened when they flew nearer to the morning sky? __________________________________________________________ Does the story have a happy ending? Explain. __________________________________________________________ 89

Brain Work • The best time of the day is early in the morning. Write five sentences to explain why we should get up early in the morning and go to bed early. An

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Words that Matter

E. Dictionary Skills Alphabetise the words in each list below.





List 1 hibiscus rose daisy petunia honeysuckle daffodill

1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________

List 2 mouse mule monkey moose manatee mole

1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________

Similes We use similes to describe things by comparing them to the other things. For example: To say that someone is fast, we can say that she is as fast as a horse.

F. Try to make some similes using the adjectives given in the box below.



hard

black

cold

quick

slow

1. __________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________________________ 90

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Grammar Ladder Adjectives Words that describe or modify a noun or a pronoun are called adjectives. For example: green doll. In this example, green is an adjective that describes the doll. Adjectives tell us about the quantity, quality, colour, appearance, etc. Some of the adjectives are small, great, blue, fat, light, beautiful, one, etc.

G. Identify the adjectives in the given provided. 1. He is my elder brother. 2. I love wearing the pink frock. 3. My mother is a Maths teacher. 4. My dolls are very beautiful. 5. That dog is greedy. 6. I have several toys in my toy-house. 7. He is a naughty boy. 8. They are buying many dresses.

sentences and write in the space



__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

H. Circle the adjectives that describe the underlined nouns. 1. Kimi told everyone a scary story on her camping trip. 2. Riya’s mom poured her a cold glass of milk. 3. John saw a red stain on his new shirt. 4. Did anyone see a black dog running down the street? 5. Sam brought an interesting book about the Titanic to school. 6. There were three mice in the kitchen. 7. The farmer could not pull out the enormous turnip.

Degrees of Adjectives Adjectives can be positive, comparative, or superlative. 91

• Adjective in positive degree are in their base form. For example: It is a cool moring. This is an old car. • Adjectives in comparative degree compare between two things. We add –er to the base form of the adjective to make the comparative degree. For example: It is a cooler morning today than yesterday. This is an older car than that. We use than while comparing between two things. • Adjectives in superlative degree compare between more than two things. We add –est to the base form of the adjective to make the superlative. For example: I am the best boy. This is the oldest car. We use the before the superlatives. I. Complete the degrees of adjectives in the following table. Watch out for the words that require a change in the spellings. Positive

Comparative

fast soft hard cold light heavy slow big 92

Superlative

Writer’s Corner J. Describe the colours of five flowers that you have seen in a neighbourhood park or in your school garden. Do not take the names of flowers mentioned in the story.

Listening Time K. Listen to a few words as your teacher reads out. Find the synonyms of these words from the story.

Activity Corner L. Find some dialogues spoken in the story. Try and repeat them with expression. Then with your partner, enact those dialogues.

93

11

Cricket

Reflect Have you ever gone to a stadium to watch a cricket match with your parents? Look at the given pictures and describe them in your own words.

Let’s Recite Cricket is a wonderful game, From which players get fame. Some people watching are tense, When they see the opposition hit the ball to the fence. Some people buy tickets, To watch the bowlers take wickets. There is a batsman who works hard to concentrate, There is a bowler who tries to make him frustrate. There is an umpire, who always makes the right decision,

94

To help the players who are out to accomplish a mission. But these days there is a lot of chaos in cricket, because the players play deliberately bad on the wicket. I hope cricket is played sincerely, So that everyone can enjoy it happily. —Salil Dhawan

AP Word Power W

fame - popularity opposition - opposing side fence - barrier, railing concentrate - focus frustrate - deeply disappointed accomplish - achieve mission - task, job chaos - confusion, disorder deliberately - purposely sincerely - honestly

A Little Extra • To learn to play cricket log on to http://ruchira.hubpages. com/hub/Learning-to-PlayCricket-for-Children-aged-5and-above • To watch an animated story on cricket log on to www.dailymotion.com/.../ x2chu1e_moral-stories-for-k

Poetry Comprehension

A. 1. 2. 3.

Tick the correct option. While watching a cricket match when are people tense? a. When the bowlers take wickets b. When the opposition hits the ball to the fence Why is there a lot of chaos in Cricket these days? a. because the crowd acts tensed b. because the players deliberately play bad What does the bowler try to do? a. Frustrate the batsman b. Bat on the field 95

4. Why does the poet hope that cricket is played sincerely? a. So that players can accomplish their mission b. So that everyone can enjoy it happily B. Complete the following lines of the poem. 1. Cricket is a _________________________________________________ 2. When they see the ___________________________________________ 3. There is an umpire ___________________________________________ 4. To help the players ___________________________________________ 5. So that everyone ____________________________________________ C. Answer the following questions. 1. Name the poem and the poet.

__________________________________________________________

2. What does the batsman try hard to do?

__________________________________________________________

3. What does the poet hope for?

__________________________________________________________

4. Why do some people buy tickets?

__________________________________________________________

5. What is your favourite sport? Give a reasons for the same.

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • Cricket is a game of team spirit. Do you think the team can win only if one player tries to give his best while the others don’t play well? 96

An

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Words that Matter

D. The table below contains words that have been chopped. Find the pieces that fit together and write them in the space below. One is done for you. cap all ary ch bound tain cat man bats bow out ling re cen get pire tar tire um tury

___________ captain

___________ ___________

___________



___________

___________ ___________

___________



___________

___________ ___________

___________

E. Match the following words with their meaning.

A B

1. wicket

a. the perimeter of the ground

2. boundary

b. score of a 100 runs

3. bowler

c. dismissal of a batsman

4. century

d. contains of six balls bowled by one bowler consecutively

5. four

e. player on the fielding side who bowls to the batsman

6. fielder

f. a player on the batting side

7. batsman

g. shot that touches the boundary

8. over

h. player whose job is to catch or collect the ball in the field after a batsman hits it 97

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Grammar Ladder

Adverbs of Place An adverb is a part of speech that tells us something more about the verb or adjectives in the sentence. The adverbs of place are usually placed after the verb in the sentence.

Look at this sentence. Radha looked everywhere for her lost keys. The word everywhere is an adverb of place. It is placed immediately after the main verb of the sentence looked.

F. Find suitable adverbs of place from the box given below and complete the sentences.



away

abroad

back

nearby

up

1. My aunt lives ________. 2. Mukesh will be going _______ to school this week. 3. Jill went ________ the hill. 4. The birds flew _________ when they heard the shot. 5. I am going _________ for higher studies. Adverbs of Time An adverb that tells us when a particular action took place, is known as adverb of time. Unlike adverbs of place, these adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence and not after the main verb of the sentence.

Look at this sentence. My mother went shopping yesterday. The word yesterday is an adverb of time telling us when the person (mother) went shopping.

98

G. In the following sentences, pick out the adverbs of time and write in the space provided. 1. The sun rises daily.

_______________

2. I go for my dance class regularly.

_______________

3. We eat at a restaurant occasionally.

_______________

4. We have a grammar test today.

_______________

5. I will finish my homework later.

_______________



Adverb of Direction An adverb that tells us the particular direction of a place or a movement are called Adverb of Direction. Unlike Prepositions of Direction, these adverbs need not be followed by a noun.



Look at this sentence. Sheena ran downstairs. The word downstairs is an adverb of direction telling us the direction in which Sheena went.

H. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adverbs of direction from the box. beforehand straightaway upwards hurriedly backwards 1. The plane soared _____________. 2. Rama paid his bills _____________. 3. Time never goes _____________. 4. Susie went for tea _____________. 5. Danny rode to the meeting _____________.

Writer’s Corner I. Form a group and write a small poem on your favourite sport. 99

Listening Time J. Your teacher will say a word from the poem. Quickly look through the poem and say a rhyming word for each.

Activity Corner K. Paste pictures of five Indian cricket players in the space below and write their names.

100

12

The Story of Socrates

Reflect We all have friends- young and old. Many times we hear certain bad things about them. Should we believe them blindly or should we trust our friends?

Let’s Read Long time ago, a man named Socrates lived in Greece. He was extremely knowledgeable and a good philosopher. One bright day, a man approached him. He told Socrates that he had some information about his friend. But before he could start talking about his friend, Socrates stopped him and asked him to take a test named the ‘Triple Filter Test’. The man agreed and Socrates began with the test. The first was the filter of truth. Socrates asked the man if the information he was about to share was true. The person replied that he had just heard the news on his way and was not sure if it was the complete truth. Socrates then told him that he would like to test it against the second filter. 101

The second was the filter of goodness. He asked if the information regarding his friend was good. The man replied that it was actually the opposite. Socrates smiled and said, “Do not worry my dear, we still have the third filter test.” The third was the filter of usefulness. Socrates asked the man if the information regarding his friend was useful to him in any way. The man replied in the negative. Socrates then responded that when the information about his friend was neither true, nor good and not even useful, then it should not be conveyed at all. The moral of the story is that you may always involve yourself in loose conversation, but when it comes to your friends, it is not worth it. You know your friends better than others. Therefore, you must not talk behind their back. It only causes problems in your friendship. If you do so, it also shows that you are not reliable or trustworthy as a friend.



About Socrates Socrates was a philosopher from Athens who is considered to be one of the wisest persons born in the world. Socrates was famous for his contribution to the world of philosophy but it is believed that he never wrote anything on his own. We know about him chiefly through the writings of his students— Plato, Xenophon and Aristophanes. A Little Extra

Read more about Socrates on

• http://www.ancientgreece.com/s/People/ Socrates/ • For learning the quotes written by Socrates, log on to http://aboutsocrates.com/

102

AP Word Power W



knowledgeable philosopher goodness involve reliable trustworthy

- - - - - -

intelligent a person engaged or learned in philosophy the quality of being good participate to be trusted honest

Story Comprehension A. Tick the correct option. 1. Where did Socrates live? a. France b. Greece

c. Paris

2. Socrates was a ____________. a. doctor b. philosopher

c. carpenter

3. The first test was that of ________________. a. goodness b. filter of truth c. honesty 4. What was the man’s reply to Socrates’ third question? a. Negative b. Positive c. None B. Answer with reference to context. 1. Long time ago, a man named Socrates lived in Greece. He was extremely knowledgeable. a. Who was Socrates? ________________________________________________________ b. Write the meaning of the word ‘knowledgeable’. ________________________________________________________ 2. Socrates told him to take a test named... a. Whom did Socrates ask to take the test? ________________________________________________________ 103



b. Name the test. ________________________________________________________



3.

The second test was that of... a. Name the second filter test. ________________________________________________________ b. What answer did the man give in its reply? ________________________________________________________



4.

“Do not worry my dear. We still have the third filter test.” a. Who said this to whom? ________________________________________________________ b. What was the third filter test? ________________________________________________________

C. Arrange the given events from the story in the correct sequence. 1. Socrates refused to let the man say anything at all. 2. One bright day, a man approached Socrates. 3. The third filter test was that of usefulness. 4. The first test was the filter of truth. 5. Socrates smiled and said, “Do not worry my dear, we still have the third filter test.” 6. Socrates told him to take a test named the ‘Triple Filter Test’. 7. The moral of the story is to be true to your friends. D. Answer the following questions. 1. Name the three tests in the ‘Triple Filter Test’.

__________________________________________________________

2. What did the man reply to the first test?

__________________________________________________________ 104



3. How did Socrates react to the man’s answer in the third test?

__________________________________________________________

4. Who were the students of Socrates?

__________________________________________________________

5. Write the moral of the story.

__________________________________________________________

Brain Work • What do you learn about Socrates from this story? Write in your own words. An

Th

in

Words that Matter

E. Antonym means a word opposite in meaning to another word. For example: old is the antonym of young.

Match the following words with their antonym.

1. knowledge

a. response

2. friend

b. bad

3. question

c. ignorance

4. true

d. ahead

5. useful

e. unreliable

6. good

f. enemy

7. reliable

g. false

8. behind

h. useless

F. Write the qualities a best friend must possess in the given space. ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ 105

e

a

i ou

Grammar Ladder

Punctuation Punctuation and capital letters bring clarity to our writing. Full stop (.), question mark (?), comma (,), etc., are called punctuation marks. • We use full stop to mark the end of a statement. For example: My name is Uday(.) • We use question mark to end a question. For example: What is your name (?) • We use comma to indicate short pause, to separate words or phrases. For example: Uday likes to sing(,) dance(,)play guitar and piano. • We use exclamation mark to end an exclamation. For example: How kind of you(!) • We use inverted commas to enclose the words spoken by a person. For example: Grandmother said, “I am happy to see you here.” • We use capital letter to begin the sentence. For example: Tomorrow is a holiday. • We use capital letter to begin a proper noun. For example: India, Monday. G. Put in the punctuation marks and capital letters wherever needed and rewrite the sentences. 1. delhi is the capital of india

__________________________________________________________

2. she is so beautiful

__________________________________________________________

3. do you watch movies

__________________________________________________________ 106

4. the teacher said keep it up

__________________________________________________________

5. sunny got good marks in hindi english and maths

__________________________________________________________

Contractions Contractions are short words used in place of two words by placing an apostrophe (’) where letters have been omitted. For examples: I am Vardan Kapoor. I’m Vardan Kapoor. You will be here tomorrow. You’ll be here tomorrow. The words ‘I’m’ and ‘You’ll’ are short forms of ‘I am’ and ‘You will’. The omitted letters have been replaced by the apostrophe (’). H. Rewrite sentences with contractions taking help from the given box. they’re I’m you’ll you’re she’s he’s it’s 1. It is a cold day.

________________________________________________

2. I am going to the movies.

________________________________________________

3. She is taking music lessons.

________________________________________________

4. You will be glad for the change.

________________________________________________

5. They are not home today.

________________________________________________

6. You are looking gorgeous.

________________________________________________

7. He is scared of rodents.

________________________________________________ 107

Writer’s Corner I. Write a letter to your friend telling him all about Socrates and the Triple Filter Test and also talk about the importance of friendship.

Listening Time J. Look at the words given below. Your teacher will read out a few sentences. Use one of the given words to describe the expression in the sentence. amazed anxious solemn stern amused

Activity Corner K. Make a list of qualities and hobbies of your friends. How many do you share with them? Does it affect your friendship? Qualities

Hobbies

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Listening Time Chapter 1 : terrible shocked

sleepy steal



strange



rumbling

Chapter 2 : 1. What would have happened in case the four friends would have returned from the first village? 2. What would have happened in case all the four friends would have gone up to the last village? 3. What would have happened to the man in the last village in case none of the friends would have decided to go that far? Chapter 3

:









1. It was snowing heavily. 2. We could see the frogs playing near the puddles. 3. There was thick fog everywhere. 4. We went for a short vacation to a hill station to get some respite from the heat. 5. As we visited the Mughal Gardens we could see colourful flowers blooming everywhere. 6. It was four days before the sun came out of the thick cloud cover.

Chapter 4

:

1. Water water everywhere not a drop to drink. 2. High and low, up and down, you go around their sharp bends. 3. The piece of land in the center surrounded by water on all sides. 4. Hills and mountains on either side, this place becomes home for many.

Chapter 5 : 1. Bapu 4. Nightingale of India Chapter 6

:

2. Chacha 5. The Iron Man of India

1. The hare lost the race to the tortoise. 2. The dog lost his bone to his shadow in the river. 3. The camel could not stay out of the tent. 4. Wolf! Wolf! He kept on crying.

109

3. Shaheed

Chapter 7 :

1/2 kg potatoes 3 kg tomato 1 shoe polish 11 notebooks 500 gm butter

2 l milk 2 toothpaste 5 pencil boxes 1 bread 10 eggs

Chapter 8 :

Here is my dolly all tattered and torn. Everyone loves her even though she is worn. Her body is floppy and her hair is a mess, But I love her dearly, and she loves me best! 1. How does the doll look like? 2. Who loves her? 3. How do her hair look like? 4. What does the poet call her doll?

Chapter 9 : truck rocket car submarine jeep cruise ship helicopter scooter Chapter 10 : stared dashed adore silky blackness affection Chapter 11 : 1. game 4. concentrate Chapter 12

:

2. tense 5. decision

3. tickets

1. Your friend cracks a joke and you smile. 2. Your teacher gives strict warning to your friend. 3. The doctor is talking to a patient, he has a very serious expression. 4. Your result is about to come out and you are worried about the same. 5. Your friend was weak in studies but he suddenly shows remarkable improvement.

110

Grade–3

MODEL TEST PAPER — I Section – A (Reading)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. Green is a beautiful colour! There are many green things in nature. The grass that we walk on is green and the leaves that we see on trees are usually green. Most of the plants that you see are green, too! Frogs are green and many grasshoppers are green, too. Turtles are different shades of green. Did you know that you can make green paint by mixing blue and yellow? Because you can make green by mixing two primary colours, it is called a secondary colour. A. 1. Look for the words having the given meaning and complete the word by filling in the blanks. a. b _ _ u t _ _ u l : pretty; attractive b. s h _ d _ s : colours 2. Circle the correct spelling. a. leeves leaves b. secondary secandary

leefes secandory

leafes sicandonry

3. Circle the odd word out. a. yellow blue b. leaf frog

paper grass

red rock

4. Answer the following questions. a. Name four things which are green in colour. b. Is green a primary colour or a secondary colour? c. By mixing which colours we can make green paint? d. Is green your favourite colour? If not, what is your favourite colour? Section – B (Grammar) B. 1. Identify the type of sentences and write in the provided space. a. You may go now. ________________ b. Radha is an intelligent girl. ________________ c. This view is amazing! ________________ d. Who is the doctor here? ________________ 111

2. Write the gender of the underlined noun in the provided space. a. The book is in the shelf. b. Snow White’s stepmother was a witch. c. My brother and I went to the garden. d. Astronauts travel in spacecrafts. 3. Circle the pronoun that best completes the given sentences. a. (He / She) rides on her bicycle. b. I can tell (they / those) liked the movie. c. (We / It) are going home. d. Who told you that (him / he) was a singer? 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct plural of the given words. a. My mother brought a dozen ___________ from the market. ( banana) b. There are six _________ in a million rupees. (zero) c. He cut the cake in two equal ____________.( half) d. Qutub Minar is 240 ___________ tall monument. (foot) Section – C (Literature) C. Answer with reference to the context. 1. I will never come to hunt in this village again. a. Who said these words? b. Why did he say these words? 2. The sage was very pleased with their services. a. Who pleased the sage? Name them. b. Why was the sage pleased with them? 3. Dear Summer, you’re always my favourite. a. Name the poem and the poet. b. Name any three things that the poet enjoys doing during summer. 4. With the arrival of night, they started on their journey… a. Who is referred to as ‘they’? b. Why were they travelling at night? Section – D (Writing) D. 1. Write a paragraph on your favourite season. Write about why do you like it, what do you like to do in it and how do you feel when it comes to an end. (80 words) 112

Grade–3

MODEL TEST PAPER — II Section – A (Reading)

Read the following poem carefully and answer the given questions. Bird Talk ‘Think...’ said the robin, ‘Think...’ said the jay, sitting in the garden talking one day.

They don’t eat beetles, they don’t grow wings, they don’t like sitting on wires and things.’

‘Think about people the way they grow: they don’t have feathers at all, you know.

‘Think!’ said the robin. ‘Think!’ said the jay. ‘Aren’t people funny to be that way?’

by Aileen Fisher

A. 1. Look for the words having the given meaning and complete the word by filling in the blanks. a. b _ _ t _ _ s : an insect b. g _ _ d _ n : a piece of land used to grow flowers, fruits, or vegetables. 2. Circle the correct spelling. a. peple people b. funny fuuny

peeple funyy

peopple funnie

3. Circle the odd word out. a. jay robin b. feathers beaks

crow trunk

elephant wings

4. Answer the following questions. a. Name the poem and the poet. b. Who are talking sitting in the garden? c. What according to the birds, people don’t do? d. Write three words that rhyme with ‘jay’. Section – B (Grammar) B. 1. Circle the word that best completes the sentence in the simple present tense. a. My brother ( read / reads) a book. b. He ( went / goes) to the gym every Tuesday. c. The children ( play / plays) in the park. d. My parents ( does / do) the shopping. 113

2. Rewrite the following sentences in the simple past tense. a. The priest forgives the man. b. We will buy a new house. c. The crow will drink from the pot. d. The train comes at 2 o’clock. 3. Complete the sentences by using the simple future tense of brackets. a. Radha and I _____________ to the theatre tomorrow. b. I ___________ my uncle and aunt to the birthday party. c. Are you sure they _____________ the match? d. We ______________ for Amritsar tonight.

the verb given in (go) (invite) (win) (leave)

4. Complete the sentences given below using the appropriate conjunction from the box. and but or so because a. Vikram was not feeling well _____ he still came to play. b. Ramesh is not sleeping ________ he wants to finish his homework. c. My mother, me, ______ my sister went to the zoo. d. He was not good in studies ____ he became a singer. e. Can you give me a pen ______ a pencil to write? Section – C (Literature) C. 1. Fill in the blanks. a. There once lived a ferocious __________ in the mountains. b. The four friends first reached the ____________ Coin Town. c. Each time the shovel struck the hard rock, the merchant was filled with _______. d. _______________ Day is celebrated on 15th of August every year. e. The dragon had looked so bad because of its ________ diet. 2. Answer the following questions. a. Why did the merchant suggest everyone to throw away the extra water and firewood? b. ‘All live here in unison...’ What is the meaning of unison? Name the poem from which the given line has been taken. c. How did Edgar make the last of the dragons disappear? d. Who was Rama? What work did he do? e. What good manners did Polly teach to her dolls? Section – D (Writing) D. 1. Imagine the various activities that take place in a park in the evening and write five sentences about them. 114

Grade–3

MODEL TEST PAPER — III Section – A (Reading)

Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions. Spiders Did you know that spiders are not insects? They are actually called arachnids, a group of animals that have eight legs. There are many different kinds of spiders. Most spiders like dark places like your corners, closets and basements. Spiders are very interesting. Some spin silk webs to catch and eat prey, while others attack their prey. Some spiders, like tarantulas, are large enough to eat lizards and mice! Many people are afraid of spiders because they bite. Most spiders, however, will only bite if they think they are in danger and are harmless. A. 1. Complete the words given below using their meaning as clues. a. c l _ s _ t : almirah; wardrobe b. p _ e _ : living being that is hunted and killed by another for food 2. Circle the correct spelling. a. besements basemants b. lizard leezard

basments lizerd

basements lizaard

3. Write whether the given statement is True/False. a. Spiders are insects. b. Some spiders eat mice and lizards. c. Spiders like light. d. People are afraid of spiders because of their appearance.

_________ _________ _________ _________

4. Answer the following questions. a. Define arachnids. b. Where are you most likely to find spiders? c. What is so special about tarantulas? d. Do spiders always bite? Section – B (Grammar) B. 1. Write the verb in the given tense to complete the sentence. a. Mammoths __________ a long time ago. (live – simple past tense) b. Tushar __________ good bye. (say – simple present tense) c. They __________ to church together. (go – simple present tense) d. I think Mohit __________ home late tonight. (come – simple future tense) 115

2. Fill in the blanks using suitable preposition from the box. in a. She hasn’t ridden a bicycle _________ she was a girl. since b. Grandma lives _________ the river. across c. The cutlery is kept ________ the drawer. from d. We have to attend the dance class ________ 6 o’clock to 7 o’clock. 3. Choose the correct adverb to fill in the blanks. everywhere a. One should exercise ____________. regularly b. My teacher lives _____________. nearby c. ____________ we went, people were generous. upwards d. The balloon flew ____________. 4. Rewrite the following sentences using correct punctuation marks and capital letters. a. the shopkeeper sells potatoes tomatoes and onions b. is tomorrow a holiday c. today is such a lovely day d. manu replied delhi is the capital of india Section – C (Literature) C. 1. Write whether the given statement is True/False. a. The baby was scared of the persimmon. b. The poet of the poem ‘Dear Summer’ goes hiking in summer. c. The villager guided the caravan by following the position of stars. d. There were four mice in Polly Pine’s doll house. e. The bowler tries to frustrate the fielders.

______ ______ ______ ______ ______

2. Fill in the blanks. a. The wheel of wisdom on the man’s head now rested on __________ head. b. Its green forests are pretty, and source of _______________. c. The last of the dragons transformed into shining __________. d. We went on __________, my family and I. e. A silvery sickle shape is made by the __________. 3. Answer the following questions. a. Why was Rama in a fix when he went to buy a needle? b. Why did the poet and his family board a bus in the poem ‘Our Vacation’? c. Name the flowers on which the Yellow Elf, splashed his colours. d. ‘From which players get fame...’ From which poem is this line taken? Name the poet. e. Who was Socrates? Name the three tests in the ‘Triple Filter Test’. Section – D (Writing) D. 1. Write a letter to your friend telling him about your favourite sport/game and why you like it. ( 80 words) 116

C ontents 1. A Man’s Cub

118

2. A Wolf’s Cub

123

3. Catch a Little Rhyme (Poem)

127

4. Po-wan and the Four Questions

129

5. The Emperor’s New Clothes

133

1

A Man’s Cub

Mowgli is the story of a human child raised by wolf parents in a forest. He spends his childhood with a pack of wolves, and learns to hunt and eat like them. The other animals in the forest are also his friends. But he has an enemy, the dangerous and ferocious Shere Khan, the tiger. Rudyard Kipling, the British author and poet, is the author of the stories of Mowgli’s adventures. He was born in Bombay (now called Mumbai) and lived in India for many years. The tales of Mowgli are part of Kipling’s most renowned book, ‘The Jungle Book’. Published in 1984, these tales still captivate the hearts of children and adults around the world more than a century later. The following two lessons, ‘A Man’s Cub’ and ‘A Wolf’s Cub’, tell us the story of Mowgli, how he reached the jungle and how Shere Khan became his enemy. It was a warm evening in the Seeonee hills. Inside a cave, Father Wolf woke up from his day’s rest at about 7 o’clock. He scratched himself, yawned and spread out his paws one by one to get out of his eyes. Mother Wolf lay with her grey nose dropped protectively across her four squealing cubs. Moonlight fell on the mouth of the cave that they called home. “Argh!” grunted Father Wolf. “It is time to hunt again.” He started to make his way downhill when a voice called out behind him. “Good luck to you, O Chief of the Wolves! 118

And good luck to your noble children. Please don’t forget hungry ones like me,” said the jackal Tabaqui. The wolves hate him for he goes about making mischief all day, telling long tales and eating from the rubbish-heaps around the village. But when angry, Tabaqui often forgets fear and runs through the forest biting everything standing in its way. This makes the jungle animals run and hide, even the tiger. “Enter and see yourself,” said Father Wolf rigidly, “but you won’t find any food here.” Tabaqui looked around the cave and said, “There may not be any food here for a wolf but for a jackal like me, even a dry bone is a delicious feast.” He walked over to the back of the cave and found the bone of a buck with barely any meat on it, and started chewing it contentedly. He rested for a while, after finishing his meal, and then said bitterly, “Shere Khan, the Big One, has decided to shift his hunting grounds for the next month. He will be hunting among these hills, or so he has told me.” Shere Khan was the tiger who lived twenty miles away, near the Wainganga River. This made Father Wolf very angry. “He has no right to do that,” he began. “The Law of the Jungle does not permit him to do so. He cannot change his hunting quarters without due warning. I have to kill for my entire family. He will scare off all the small animals within ten miles.” Mother Wolf was listening to this and replied quietly, “He was born lame in one foot. That is the reason why he has only been able to kill cattle. The villagers of the Wainganga are already angry with him and now, he has come to make out villagers angry. We must run with our children when they set the grass on fire while looking for him.” “Shall I tell him that he is welcome to hunt here?” said Tabaqui, his voice laced with sarcasm. “Out!” snapped Father Wolf. “Go and hunt with your master. You have said enough.” 119

Tabaqui replied, “I shall go. But you can hear Shere Khan below in the woods, I needn’t say another word.” He was speaking the truth. Father Wolf listened carefully and, like Tabaqui said, he could hear the dry, angry, singsong growl of a hungry tiger in the valley below. “He is a fool!” said Father Wolf. “To begin a night’s work with that noise! Does he think our bucks are the same as the fat bullocks in Wainganga?” “Hush! He hunts neither buck nor bullock tonight,” said Mother Wolf. “It is Man.” The growl of the tiger had now transformed into a humming purr that echoed in the valley. It was the kind of noise that terrified woodcutters and gypsies sleeping out in the open, and made them run for their lives. “Man!” said Father Wolf, baring all his white teeth. “Aren’t there enough animals in the forest to satisfy his hunger that he must eat Man?” Everything in the Law of the Jungle has a reason. And it forbids every beast to eat Man. It is acceptable to kill Man only to show children to kill. When you kill a man, sooner or later, more men will arrive, with guns and rockets and torches. Then, everyone in the jungle will suffer. It is also said that maneaters become mangy and lose their teeth. Meanwhile, the purr grew louder, and turned into a full-throated “Aarghh!” of the tiger.

120

“He has missed,” said Mother Wolf, on hearing Shere Khan’s angry howl. She saw Father Wolf run a few paces. He heard Shere Khan mumbling as he tumbled around in the bushes.

“What is it?” Mother Wolf asked. “The fool has jumped at a woodcutter’s campfire, and burned his own feet!” said Father Wolf. “Tabaqui is with him.” Mother Wolf noticed something coming up the hill. Twitching one ear, she said, “Get ready.” They heard rustling in the bushes and Father Wolf was ready to leap when he snapped, “Man! Look, it’s a man’s cub!” And there it was. Holding on by a low branch stood a naked brown baby who was just old enough to walk with a soft, dimpled face. He looked up into Father Wolf’s face, and laughed.

A. Comprehension A1. Answer the following questions.

a. Who is the author of ‘The Jungle Book’?



b. Who is Tabaqui? What does Father Wolf think of him?



c. Why is it forbidden for jungle animals to hunt Man?



d. How did Mother Wolf find the man’s cub?



e. How is the man’s cub described?



f. How do we know the man’s cub wasn’t afraid of Father Wolf?



g. Father Wolf said that Shere Khan was hunting a buck in the valley. Mother Wolf told him he was wrong. Was Mother Wolf right? How do you know?

B. Activity B1. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each of the following words. Then, make sentences with the words. a. ferocious – ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 121

b. captivate – ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ c. sarcasm – ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ d. mangy – ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ B2. Collect information and write a paragraph about your favourite animal of the jungle. Below are a few tips to help you write your paragraph. • Which is your favourite animal of the jungle? • Why is it your favourite animal? • Where did you see it first? • Where is it found? • What does it eat? B3. Form groups of four. Choose an animal and present information about the animal to the other groups without revealing its name. The group that recognises the name of the animal correctly and most quickly gets a point. Each group should choose two animals. You may present information in the following way:

1. It lives in the jungle.



2. It is brown in colour.



3. It has a long tail.



4. It has a large mane of fur.



5. It is called the king of the jungle.

B4. Form groups and assign roles based on the characters in the story. Act out the story in class.

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2

A Wolf’s Cub

“Is that a man’s cub?” asked Mother Wolf. “I have never seen one. Let me have a closer look at it.” Wolves use their mouths to handle their cubs effortlessly. Though Father Wolf’s jaws were closed tightly on the child’s back, there wasn’t a single scratch on its back as Father Wolf laid it down amongst the cubs. “He is so small! And naked! And bold!” said Mother Wolf with a smile in her voice. The baby was trying to push his way between the cubs to get close to their warm hide. “Look! He is eating with the others,” she exclaimed. “So, we know that this is a man’s cub. Was there ever a wolf that had a man’s cub among her children?” “It has never happened in our pack. Although I have heard of such a thing a few times,” said Father Wolf. “He has no hair, and he is so little that I could kill him by just touching my foot to his body. But there is no fear in his eyes. He looks up and he is not afraid.” Suddenly, the cave fell into darkness. Shere’s Khan big, square head and shoulders had blocked the moonlight out of the mouth of the cave. He was trying to get into the cave. “My lord, my lord, it went in here!” squeaked Tabaqui behind him. Father Wolf’s eyes blazed. “Why have you come in my cave, Shere Khan?” he asked. “A man’s cub went this way. He is my prize,” said Shere Khan. “Its parents have run away. Give it to me.” Father Wolf had said that Shere Khan had jumped at a woodcutter’s campfire. That had 123

burnt his feet and he was furious about it. But Father Wolf also knew that Shere Khan could not enter their cave as its mouth was too narrow for a tiger to pass through. “The wolves take orders only from the Head of the pack, and not from any striped cattle-killer like you,” said Father Wolf. “We are a free people and the man’s cub is ours.” “I don’t care what you say. The man’s cub is my prey and I shall have it,” growled Shere Khan. “It is I, Shere Khan, who speaks!” His roar filled the cave with thunder. Mother Wolf carefully put her cubs in the back of the cave and with blazing eyes, she sprang towards Shere Khan. “And it is I, Raksha, who answers. The man’s cub belongs to me! I will not let him be killed by a frog-eater – fish-killer like you. He will live to run with the pack and to hunt with the pack. And in the end, he will hunt you. Now, get out of my way, you lame beast!” Father Wolf is amazed. He looks on as Shere Khan cowers against Mother Wolf. Shere Khan backs out from the cave knowing fully well that she could have easily attacked him from inside the cave. Once out of the cave, he shouted, “Each dog barks in its own yard! You have kept the man’s cub from me but we will see what your pack will say to raising of man-cubs. Know this, the cub is mine and he will come to my teeth in the end, you bush-tailed thieves!” Father Wolf turned to Mother Wolf and admitted gravely, “Shere Khan speaks the truth about this. We have to show the cub to the pack. Do you still want to keep him?” Shocked, Mother Wolf responded, “Keep him? He came to us alone, naked and hungry in the night; yet, he was not afraid! Do you see how he has pushed aside one of my cubs? Of course, I will keep him. Shh, lie still, little frog. O you Mowgli – I shall call you Mowgli the Frog. And soon, the time will come when you will hunt Shere Khan as he has hunted you tonight.” Time passed. Mowgli grew up with the wolves as one of their own. He played with the cubs, though they grew up into wolves before he was even a child. Father Wolf taught him of life in the jungle. He taught him to identify every rustle 124

in the grass, every breath of the warm night air, every hoot of the owls above his head, and every splash of the little fishes jumping into a pond. He enjoyed the sun and slept out in the open. He swam in the ponds when he felt dirty or hot and flung himself on the branches of trees like an ape. He went into the cultivated lands down the hillside by night to look at the villagers in their huts with curiosity in his young eyes. But he did not trust them because they trapped the animals of the jungle. Mowgli led a joyous life in the jungle.

A. Comprehension A1. Number the following sentences in the order that they appear in the story above. a. Shere Khan threatened the wolves that the man’s cub was his prey and they should give it back to him. ________ b. Mother Wolf chased Shere Khan out of her cave. ________ c. Mother Wolf decided to call him Mowgli the Frog. ________ d. The man’s cub pushed one of the wolves’ cub aside. ________ e. Mowgli spent his days learning from Father Wolf, eating, sleeping in the sun and enjoying his life in the jungle. ________ f. Father Wolf was worried about the reaction of the pack regarding their decision to raise a man’s cub. ________ g. The wolves raised Mowgli as one of their own. ________ A2.

Answer the following questions. a. Why did Shere Khan come to the wolves’ cave? b. Did Raksha want to keep the man’s cub? What makes you think so? c. How did Mowgli spend his days in the jungle? d. Did Mowgli trust the villagers? Why? 125



e. “We are a free people,” said Father Wolf. Do you agree? Support your answer from examples in the story.

B. Activity B1. You are Mowgli. Taking information from the story above, write a diary entry of a day spent in the jungle. Dear Diary, __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Until later, Mowgli B2.

Match the following characteristics with the names of animals. a. I am the fastest land animal. i. Giraffe b. I have large, powerful hind legs that help me jump. ii. Elephant c. I am the tallest land animal. iii. Kangaroo d. I have a very long nose and it is called a trunk. iv. Tiger

B3. Father Wolf and Mother Wolf were worried about the reaction of the pack when they got to know that both of them have decided to raise a man’s cub. Get into groups and assign roles of Father Wolf, Mother Wolf and the head of the pack. Discuss with your teammates and act out the reaction in front of the class. 126

3

Catch a Little Rhyme

Once upon a time I caught a little rhyme I set it on the floor But it ran right out the door I chased it on my bicycle But it melted to an icicle I scooped it up in my hat But it turned into a cat I caught it by the tail But it stretched into a whale I followed it into a boat But it changed into a goat When I fed it tin and paper It became a tall skyscraper Then it grew into a kite And flew far out of sight … –Eve Merriam 127

A. Comprehension A1. Answer the following questions.

a. What is the name of the poet?



b. What is the poem about?



c. Did the poet succeed in catching the little rhyme? Why?



d. List all the things the poet did to catch the rhyme.

B. Activity B1. Read the poem aloud with the whole class. Repeat this several times. Keep in mind the following while reading together. • Decide a signal so that everyone begins reading at the same time. • Make a list of the words that need to be emphasised beforehand. • Ensure that everyone reads at the same pace. • You might want to add sound effects to add to the drama. B2. Get into pairs. Look at the words below. Write two rhyming words for each. Each child should come up with one rhyming word. a. bicycle __________ b. cat __________ c. sight __________ d. tail __________ e. time __________ B3. Fill in the blanks with the correct homophone from the brackets. a. Our teacher uses a marker to _____________ on the board. (right/write) b. It has __________ three years since John and Maya met. (been/bean) c. Noor could not remember __________ he had kept his notebook. (wear/where) d. Sara’s elder sister is ________ years old. (ate/eight) e. Eating is not ___________ in the theatre. (aloud/allowed) f. The football team took a ________ after an hour of practice as they were tired. (break/brake) 128

4

Po-wan and the Four Questions

In China, many years ago, there was a boy named Po-wan. ‘Po-wan’ meant ‘a million pieces of gold’. When he was born, it was foretold that one day he would be rich and have a million pieces of gold. Po-wan was very generous. He gave away all his money to the poor. Soon, he had neither food nor good clothes for himself. One day he asked himself, “Why am I so poor when my name means a million pieces of gold?” He decided to go and seek the answer from the wise goddess Kuan-yin. Po-wan travelled for many days until he came to a wide and fast-flowing river. As he stood on the river-bank deciding how to cross, a deep voice called him from the hilltop, “Po-wan, are you going to see Kuan-yin?” “Yes,” replied Po-wan when he saw a large snake appear over the hill. “Would you ask Kuan-yin a question for me?” asked the snake. Po-wan knew he could ask only three questions to Kuan-yin, and he had one of his own to ask. So he agreed to the snake’s request. The snake said, “I am a thousand and one years old, yet I am not a dragon. Ask Kuan-yin why it is so.” In return to Po-wan’s kindness, the snake took him across the river on its back. 129

Po-wan resumed his journey, and soon reached an inn. The innkeeper gave him a bowl of rice and tasty dishes. While eating, Po-wan told the innkeeper that he was going to meet Kuan-yin. “Then ask her a question for me,” pleaded the innkeeper. “My beautiful daughter cannot speak. Please ask Kuan-yin why this is so.” Po-wan felt sorry for the innkeeper and readily agreed. After all, Kuan-yin would answer three questions and Po-wan had only one to ask. Po-wan spent the night at the inn, and the next morning he started his journey again. On the way, he met a rich man. The rich man looked very sad. He said to Po-wan, “I have many special plants and trees in my garden. I looked after them well for twenty years. Still none of them will flower or bear fruit. Please ask Kuan-yin why this is so.” “Of course I will,” promised Po-wan without any hesitation. Alas! He could ask Kuan-yin only three questions, and now he already had four. What should he do? Po-wan knew the answer. “I have made promises to the Great Snake, the innkeeper and the rich man. Those promises must be kept.” Po-wan reached Kuan-yin’s temple. She invited him to ask three questions. Po-wan began, “Why is the Great Snake not yet a dragon?” He has waited for a thousand and one years.” Kuan-yin replied, “There are seven pearls on his head. If he takes away six, he will become a dragon.” Next, Po-wan asked, “Why can’t the innkeeper’s daughter speak?” “She will start speaking when she sees the man she will marry.” Then Po-wan asked, “Why are there no flowers or fruits in the rich man’s garden?” Kuan-yin replied, “There are seven caskets of gold and silver in his garden. His plants and trees will flower and bear fruit when he gives away his treasure.” Po-wan had asked all three questions he was allowed to ask. He set off home. On the way, he gave the rich man the goddess’s answer. The rich man was so grateful that he gave Po-wan half his treasure. 130

Next, he went to see the innkeeper. When the innkeeper’s daughter saw him from her open window, she called out, “Welcome back, Po-wan.” The innkeeper was delighted that his daughter could speak. He at once agreed to let her marry Po-wan. Po-wan then went to the Great Snake and told him why he could not be a dragon. The snake gave six of his pearls to Po-wan and suddenly turned into a magnificent dragon. Through his kindness and goodness, Po-wan became a rich man with a million gold pieces.

A. Comprehension A1. Write True or False. a. Po-wan meant ‘a thousand pieces of gold’. b. The Great Snake agreed to help Po-wan cross the river in exchange for gold. c. Po-wan was allowed to ask Kuan-yin four questions. d. Kuan-yin said that the innkeeper’s daughter would start speaking when she saw the man she would marry. e. At the end of his journey, Po-wan lived up to his name. A2.

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Answer the following questions. a. Why did Po-wan want to go seek the goddess, Kuan-yin? b. How did the Great Snake help Po-wan in his journey? c. What dilemma did Po-wan face when he reached Kuan-yin’s temple? d. How did Po-wan live up to the meaning of his name at the end of his journey? e. Was Po-wan a generous and helpful man? Give three examples from the story to support your answer. 131

B. Activity B1. Get into groups of four. Have the teacher write different scenarios where people might need help on small pieces of paper. Put the pieces of paper in a bowl and have each group pick one. Discuss with your teammates about how you would help the person in that situation. This activity will help prepare you for various situations where you might find someone in need of help. B2. Have students get into groups and assign roles to each based on the characters in the story. Have each group perform the story in class in the form of a play. B3. Perform an act of kindness for someone. Write about how you and that person felt in the space below.

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5

The Emperor’s New Clothes

Once there lived an emperor whose only desire in life was to dress in the most beautiful of clothes. He changed his clothes numerous times in a day. He spent all his money on buying new clothes and showed them off to his subjects. The emperor was known all over his kingdom and beyond for his passion of clothes. When news of the emperor’s strange passion reached the ears of two tricksters, they decided to take advantage of the emperor’s vanity. They reached the palace and introduced themselves as master weavers. They declared that they could weave the most spectacular clothes that anyone had ever seen. They also assured the emperor that these clothes would hold superpowers since they could only be seen by those who were clever. That way he would be able to tell which of his people were clever and which of them weren’t. The emperor saw this as a golden opportunity. “This is a wonderful idea!” he thought. “With clothes such as these, I can at once ascertain which of my people are stupid or unfit for their post.” Excited by such a prospect, the emperor offered the weavers large sums of money to get them started on making new clothes for him. The tricksters set up their looms in the palace. Provisions were made for them so that they would be comfortable in the palace. The emperor fulfilled their demands of the finest thread of the best silk as well as gold, pearls and diamonds. They kept stuffing their bags with money, silk, gold, pearls and diamonds that they got from the emperor 133

while the looms in their room remained empty. They sat at their looms pretending to work earnestly. They warned the emperor that no one must see the clothes before completion. If that happened, the clothes would lose their magical powers. The emperor held on to his curiosity and waited for the weavers to finish their work. Finally, the day arrived for the emperor to try on his new clothes. He asked his Prime Minister to be present when he went to have his magnificent clothes fitted. The two tricksters made a huge show about taking out the imaginary clothes from a trunk. They held the clothes against the emperor’s body and asked, “Isn’t the cloth grand? The intricate pattern, the beautiful colours, don’t they look marvellous?” The emperor and his Prime Minister panicked. They could not see anything! “What does this mean? Why am I not able to see the magical clothes? Am I really stupid? If people heard of this, they will think I am stupid. I must pretend to see the clothes,” both the emperor and the Prime Minister thought to themselves. The tricksters invited the emperor to try on the clothes. “Your Highness, you will have to take off your clothes so that you can see how well your new clothes fit you,” said one of the tricksters. Once the emperor was out of his clothes, the tricksters helped him put on the invisible new ones. “How well they fit! Your Majesty, you look splendid in these clothes!” “Magnificent!” said the Prime Minister. “The colours are beautiful! I have never seen such grand clothes,” he lied. Not to be judged stupid, the emperor joined in the praises. He turned from one side to the other in front of a long mirror. “The clothes are indeed spectacular!” he said, admiring himself. To be honest, neither the emperor nor his Prime Minister could see the new clothes. Usually, the emperor enjoyed parading the city in his new clothes and letting his people admire him in his grand clothes. That was his plan this time, too. 134

But after trying on his new clothes, he wasn’t so keen on it. Instead, he felt embarrassed. However, hearing his Prime Minister shower such praises for his new clothes, the emperor was reassured that he looked more handsome than ever in his new clothes. News of the emperor’s magical clothes had spread all over the kingdom and people had gathered on the streets to get a look at them. But to their dismay, they could see no clothes at all. However, they tried to hide their disappointment as they did not want others to think that they were stupid. No one dared to admit that they could not see anything. Instead, they cheered and exclaimed how fabulous the emperor’s clothes were. It was a little child, who was sitting on his father’s shoulders who voiced out what everyone was thinking, “The emperor doesn’t have any clothes on! He is naked!” The crowd knew this was true, and one by one, the people cried, “The boy is right! The emperor is naked indeed! It’s true!” Finally, the emperor too realised that his people were right. He understood that he had been cheated by the tricksters because of his vanity and foolishness.

A. Comprehension A1.

What is the moral of the story? Tick the correct option. a. We should not wear good clothes. b. We should not be arrogant of our physical appearance. c. We should not trust weavers.

A2. Answer the following questions. a. Why did the tricksters come to the emperor’s palace? b. What magical powers did the emperor’s new clothes have? 135



c. How did the emperor and his Prime Minister react when they saw the clothes? d. Who spoke the truth when the emperor was walking down the streets in his new clothes? What happened then?

B. Activity B1. Get into pairs. Discuss with your partner and fill in the blanks with the correct adjectives for each of the characters below. Use the adjectives given below. vain and foolish clever and deceitful dishonest and scared a. The tricksters ________________________________________ b. Prime Minister ________________________________________ c. The emperor ________________________________________ B2. Get into groups of four and discuss. The emperor and his Prime Minister praised the clothes even though they could not see them. They did it so that they would not appear stupid. Was what they did right? Why or why not? B3. Imagine you are the emperor. You are walking down the streets wearing your new clothes that the weavers have woven for you. You hear the little child. It’s then that you realise that you are indeed not wearing any clothes. Write briefly about how you felt and how you handled the situation. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 136