CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TEORI SINGKAT If Clause atau Conditional Sentence adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang menggunakan IF sebagai kata penghubung. Makna IF CLAUSE dan RESULT CLAUSE adalah: 1. Jika …, maka …. (If …, will/would/would have ….) 2. … akan … jika … ( … will/would/would have … if ….) A. Tiga jenis “If Clause/Conditional Sentence” 1. Type I : Real Condition (True in the Present/Future) (Sesuatu yang mungkin terlaksana/terjadi saat ini atau akan datang). Result Clause Simple Future/Simple Present S + will + V1 +O/A/C S + V1 + O/A/C  I will go to school  I write to my parents every week IF Clause Simple Present If + S + V1 + O/A/C,  If it does not rain,  If I have enough time,

IF Clause Simple Present if + S + V1 + O/A/C if it does not rain. if I have enough time. Result Clause Simple Future/Simple Present S + will + V1 +O/A/C S + V1 + O/A/C I will go to school. I write to my parents every week.

Contoh: 

If I don’t eat breakfast, I always get hungry during class.



Water freezes (will freeze) if the temperature goes below 320F/00C.



If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.

2. Type II: Unreal Condition Present (Untrue in the Present/Future) (Sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan saat ini/mustahil terjadi sekarang).

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Result Clause Would + simple form S + would + V1 +O/A/C I would go to school I would write to my parents. IF Clause Simple Past If + S + V2 + O/A/C, If it did not rain, If I had enough time now,

IF Clause Simple Past if + S + V2 + O/A/C if it did not rain. if I had enough time now. Result Clause Would + simple form S + would + V1 +O/A/C I would go to school. I would write to my parents.

Contoh: 

If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents. (=In truth, I do not have enough time, so I will not write to them.



If I taught this class, I wouldn’t give tests.(=In truth, I don’t teach this class.)



If I were you, I would accept their invitation. (=In truth, I am not you.)

Catatan: Were digunakan untuk semua subjek baik tunggal maupun jamak. Untuk pemakaian informal, tetapi tidak umum digunakan secara gramatikal, was digunakan untuk subjek I, he, she, it. 3. Type III: Unreal Condition Past (Untrue in the Past) (Sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang telah terjadi di masa lampau):

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Result Clause Would + have + V3 S + would + have + V3 + O/A I would have gone to school I would have written to my parents yesterday IF Clause Past Perfect If + S + had + V3 + O/A, If it had not rained, If I had had enough time,

IF Clause Past Perfect if + S + had + V3 + O/A if it had not rained. if I had had enough time. Result Clause Would + have + V3 S + would + have + V3 + O/A I would have gone to school. I would have written to my parents yesterday.

Contoh: 

If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.(=In truth, you did not tell me about it.)



If they had studied, they would have passed the exam.(=In truth, they did not study. They failed the exam.)



If I hadn’t slipped on the ice, I wouldn’t been broken my arm.(=In truth, I slipped on the ice. I broke my arm.)

B. Bentuk Inversi dari “Conditional Sentence” (Omitting “IF”) Bentuk inversi dari Conditional Sentence atau If-nya dihilangkan akan membentuk pola kalimat inversi sebagai berikut:

a. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. Menjadi Were I you, I wouldn’t do that. b. If I had known, I would have told you. Menjadi Had I known, I would have told you. c. If anyone should call, please take a message. menjadi Should anyone call, please take a message. C. Menggunakan bentuk kata kerja “Progressive/V-ing” TRUE (Kondisi yang sebenarnya)  It is raining now, so I will not go for a walk.  I am not living in Chile. I am not working at a bank.

CONDITIONAL (Bentuk pengandaiannya)  If it were not raining right now, I would go for a walk.  If I were living in Chile, I would be working at a bank.

D. Menggunakan paduan waktu “Mixed Time” TRUE (Kondisi yang sebenarnya)  I did not eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.  He is not a good student. He did not study for the test yesterday.

CONDITIONAL (Bentuk pengandaiannya)  If I had eaten breakfas several hours ago (past), I would not be hungry. (present)  If he were a good student (present), he would have studied for the test (past).

E. Menggunakan Modals : COULD, MIGHT, SHOULD

       

TRUE (Kondisi yang sebenarnya) If I were a bird, I could fly home. If I could sing as well as you, I would join the opera. If I had had enough money, I could have gone to Florida for vacation. If I don’t get a scholarship, I might get a job instead of going to graduate school next fall. If you were a better student, you might get better grades. If you had told me about your problem, I might have been able to help you If John should call, tell him I’ll be back around five. If there should be another world war, the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy.

CONDITIONAL (Bentuk pengandaiannya)  Could fly = would be able to fly  Could sing = were able to sing  Could have gone = would have been able to go  I might get = maybe I will get  You might get = maybe you would get  I might have been = maybe I would have been  If John should call pengandaiannya itu lebih diragukan daripada If John calls.  If there should be pengandaiannya itu lebih diragukan daripada If there were.

F. IF NOT = UNLESS (Jika tidak)  If I did not eat breakfast several hours ago, I will be hungry now.  If he was not a good student, he would not study for the test.  If you had not told me about the problem, I would not have helped you  If they had not studied, they would not have passed the exam.  If I hadn’t slipped on the ice, I wouldn’t been broken my arm.

 Unless I ate breakfast several hours ago, I will be hungry now.  Unless he was a good student, he would not study for the test.  Unless you had told me about the problem, I would not have helped you.  Unless they had studied, they would not have passed the exam.  Unless I had slipped on the ice, I wouldn’t been broken my arm.

Latihan Pilihan Ganda 1. I’m sorry, Adam. I was sick last night; therefore, I didn’t come to your party. A. If I wasn’t sick last night, I came to your party. B. If I had been sick last night, I wouldn’t come to your party. C. If I hadn’t been sick last night, I would come to your party. D. If I hadn’t been sick last night, I would have come to your party. 2. The sun always rises in the east. A. What would happen if the sun rises in the west? B. What will happen if the sun rises in the west? C. What would happen if the sun rose in the west? D. What would have happened if the sun had risen in the west? 3. I cannot finish this work unless you … me. A. helped B. don’t help C. help D. didn’t help 4. If the man … carelessly, he would get an accident. A. drives B. didn’t drive C. doesn’t drive D. drove 5. She would have returned the book … A. if you asked her B. unless you asked her C. if you had asked her D. unless you had asked her 6. If you hurt him, I … something on you. A. I would have done B. I should have done C. I might have done D. I would do

7. If I pass my final test, what …? A. you will buy for me B. will you buy for me C. would you buy for me D. you would buy for me 8. I ... a taxi if I had known it was such a long way. A. had taken B. would have taken C. would take D. will take 9. We will miss the first train, unless we … early. A. get up B. got up C. had got up D. don’t get up 10. They ... a new car if they had more money. A. had bought B. would buy C. will buy D. would have bought

Latihan Melengkapi 1.

If I finish the assignment before Saturday, I … (submit) it to my lecturer.

2.

If I had seen the concert, I … (tell) you about it last night.

3.

Had Juki not interfered in his brother’s marital problems, there … (be) peace between them.

4.

She would give you the money if she … (have) it.

5.

They would call you immediately if they … (need) help.

6.

Had my mother arrived at the sale early, she … (find) a better dress.

7.

If you have enough time, please … (clean) your room before you go to school.

8.

They could go for a drive if today … (be) Sunday.

9.

My cat will always sleep if it … (watch) drama on television.

10. They would understand it if you ... (explain) it to them more slowly.

Latihan Error Recognition 1.

If I graduate from university with good marks, my father would buy A B C me a motorbike.

2.

If she was my girlfriend, I would be the happiest man in the world. A

B

C 3.

He could have done the exam this morning if he studied last night. A C

4.

Unless I did the homework, I will be out from the class. A

5.

B

C

I’d send you a postcard while I was on holiday if I had had your A B

C

address. 6.

If she gave back my money, I will save it in the bank. A B C

7.

If I were you, I would have applied for the job. A B C

8.

His father would add his pocket money if he studies well. A B

9.

C

We could have gone out if the weather hasn't been so bad. A

B

C

10. If I have lots of money, I would have gone around the world. A B C

B